Connectivism is the theory behind massive open online courses, MOOCs

Art 3 — There can be no slaves on this territory; servitude has been forever abolished. All men are born, live and die there free and French. Art 4 — All men can work at all forms of employment, whatever their color.Art 5 — No other distinctions exist than those of virtues and talents, nor any other superiority than that granted by the law in the exercise of a public charge. The law is the same for all, whether it punishes or protects. Title III. On Religion

Harvest of germinated seed

ROS ASSAY

ROS assay

Harvest of germinated seeds

Tests for Tannins

Harvest of germinated seeds

Determination of the yield

Determination of the yield

Photography, evaluation and documentation

Maintenance of Trichodermasp. culture

Effect of pHon growth and sporulation of the bioagent

Mycelial characteristicsof pathogen

Sterilization of laminar air flow

Sterilization of media and distilled water

Sterilization of glasswares

Sterilization procedure

Prevalence of extracellular virulence factors in Vibriofrom seafood

Detection of virulence genes tdhand trhby multiplex

Production of amylase

Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in Vibriofrom Cochin estuary, shrimp farm and seafood

Antibiotic resistance among Vibriofrom seafood

Gel documentation and image analysis

Detection ofblaNDM-1gene

Detection of blaCTX-Mgene

Detection of blaTEMgene

DNA isolation

Detection of beta-lactam antibiotic resistancegenes

Antibiotic resistance amongVibriofrom shrimp fa

Relative diversity and distribution of Vibrioin the water and sediment of Cochin estuary

Detection of toxR gene

Carbon source utilisation tes

Oxidative-Fermentative test

Sample collection

Carbon source utilisation t

Oxidative-Fermentative test

Sample collection

Active site identification, metal detection and interaction of Dof domain structure

Cis-regulatory elements analysis

Motif analysis

Evolutionary relationships of sorghum, rice and Arabidopsis with respect to Dofgene family

Gene structure prediction

Phylogenetic relationships among Dofproteins of sorghum

Chromosomal locations

In silico prediction of Dof gene family of sorghum

Genome wide identification and in silico characterization of Dof gene family of sorghum

Cloning of Dof genes of sorghum using pBSK vector

PCR amplification of Dof gene

PCR amplification of Dofdomain

PCR amplification of Dof domain and Dof genes

Active site prediction and docking study

Reaction resuspension

Transformation of ligated product in chemically competent E. coli host cells (DH5αααα strain)

Ligation reactions

Cycling condition

Spectrophotometric quantification of genomic DNA

Seed collection of different crops

Estimation of mRNA cytokines in rLdADHT+BCG vaccinated hamsters as well as in control groups

cDNA synthesis and amplification

NO production

Vaccination schedule and assessment of parasitic burden

Solutions used for cytokine assay

Assessment of Cytokine levels- IFN--12/IL-10 in lymphocytes of cured/endemic patients

Preparation of soluble L. donovani promastigote antigen

Polyclonal antibody generation

Recombinant protein Expression

Sequencing of ADHT gene

Restriction Digestion of Plasmid DNA

Colony PCR

Preparation of master plate and isolation of plasmid DNA from transformed E. coli (Mini Prep)

Confirmation of positive clone(s)

Elution of amplified gene from the Gel

Evaluation of QSAR models

Inhibitors Dataset

Molecular Docking

Assay for reduced glutathione(GSH)

Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO –EB) staining

Superoxide radical scavenging activity

FTIR analysis

GC-MS analysis

Algorithm

EM Procedure

Empirical Bayesian Smoothing

Haemocyte morphogenesis

Spreading inhibitory behavior

Inhibition of haemocyte aggregation

Haemolymph protein profile

Total haemocyte count assay

Immunomodulatory

Helicoverpa armiger

Spodoptera litura

Gut enzyme profile

Insecticidal activity

. Statistical analysis

Inhibition of haemocytes spreading behavior

. Inhibition of haemocytes aggregation behavior

Haemolymph protein profiling

Total haemocyte count (THC)

Haemolymph collection

Immunomodulatory

Lactate dehydrogenase

Asparate (AAT) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Gut enzyme profile

Oral toxicity bioassay

Microinjection bioassay

VS preparation

Insect collection

INSECTICIDAL AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY AGAINST INSECT PEST

Quantification of protein of VS yielded in the prey deprivation

Venomous saliva utilization

Maxillary stylet

Morphometry of head and stylet

Lactic dehydrogenase

Cholesterol content

Characteristic features ofLabeo rohita

Animal model for the study-Labeo rohita

Residual nutrients

Organic carbon

Soil sampling

Biomass and harvest inde

Yield and its component traits:

Phenological traits and plant height

Regression analysis

Statistical analysis

Kernel hardness

Coleoptile length(cm)

Plant height (cm)

pH

Identification of the strains

Tested individually

Increased Chemokine and Toll like receptor on T cells after vaccination in HBV positive newborns.

Cord Blood immune profiles of HBV positive newborns at birth(Cord blood vs. peripheral blood)

CD107a expression (marker of cytotoxicity)

HBV vaccination of the newborn

1X TBST

Immunoprecipitation and western Blotting

Medium and Serum

GFP-β-catenin- a.a

Cell Viability and IC50determination byMTT assay

Bacterial Strain

Cell Lines

Bacterialstrain

Procedure

Estimation

Calculation

Extraction and determination of sugar

Standard curve of sugar

Reagents

Estimation of total sugar

Extraction and determination of protein

Extraction and determination of ascorbic acid

LC 50 value

Dilution Formula

FACS buffer

Statistics

Cell lines

Plasmid mini preparation by alkaline lysis

X-gal

Flow Cytometric analysis of variant erythrocytes

Flow Cytometric analysis of variant erythrocytes

Aortic ring assay

Procedure

Reagent

Superoxide anion scavenging activit

Procedure

Physical Characterizatio

Single Cell Test

Electrochemical Measuremen

Physical Characterization

Catalyst Preparation

Materials

ASSESSMENT OF SEAWATER ELECTROLYSIS ON PLATNIZED TIN AND MAGNESIUM ALLOY NANOPARTICLES FORNON-MEMBRANE POWER SYSTEMS

Physical Characterization

Dissolved oxygen and Biological oxygen demand

. Extraction and isolation of embelin from E. ribes

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis

pH values

Estimation of soluble proteins

Per cent Overlap:

somatotype Categories:

Mean Somatotypes:

Age Changes in' Somatotypes

Range of Component Ratings:

Range of Component Ratings:

Balanced ectomorph:

Isolation of inclusion bodies from E. coli cells

The a-PMB chain was subjected to acid-acetone treatment to separate the heme from the a globin. Briefly, a solution of concentrated a-PMB chain (5 ml; 30 mg/ml) was added dropwise to I 00 ml of thoroughly chilled acid-acetone solution (0.5% v/v HCI in acetone) with constant shaking, and then incubated at -20°C for 30 min to allow complete precipitation of the globin. The precipitated globin was isolated by centrifugation at 7000 rpm (4°C) for 15 min and the supernatant containing soluble heme was discarded

Preparation of heme-free a chain

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'Sam!' he called. 'Pippin! Merry! Come along! Why don't you keep up?'10There was no answer. Fear took him, and he ran back. As he struggled on he called again, and kept on calling more and more frantically. He was weary, sweating and yet chilled. It was wholly dark.'Where are you?' he cried out miserably.There was no reply. He stood listening. He was suddenly aware that it was getting very cold, and that up here a wind was beginning to blow, an icy wind. A change was coming in the weather. The mist was flowing past him in shreds and tatters. His breath was smok­ing.11 He looked up and saw with surprise that faint stars were ap­pearing overhead amid the strands of hurrying cloud and fog. Oat of the east the biting wind was blowing.'Where are you?' he cried again, both angry and afraid.'Here!' said a voice, deep and cold, that seemed to come out of the ground. 'I am waiting for you!''No!' said Frodo; but he did not run away. His knees gave,12 and he fell on the ground. Nothing happened, and there was no sound. Trembling he looked up in time to see a tall dark figure like a shadow against the stars. It leaned over him. He thought there were two eyes, very cold though lit with a pale light that seemed to come from some remote distance. Then a grip stronger and colder than iron seized him. The icy touch froze his bones, and he remembered no more.When he came to himself again, for a moment he could recall nothing except a sense of dread. Then suddenly he knew that he was imprisoned, caught hopelessly; he was in a barrow. A Barrow-wight had taken him, and he was probably already under the dreadful spells of the Barrow-wights about which whispered tales spoke. Hedared not move, but lay as he found himself: flat on his back upon a cold stone with his hands on his breast.As he lay there, thinking and getting a hold on himself, he no­ticed all at once that the darkness was slowly giving way:13 a pale greenish light was growing round him. He turned, and there in the cold glow he saw lying beside him Sam, Pippin, and Merry.There was a loud rumbling sound, as of stones rolling and fal­ling, and suddenly light streamed in. A low door-like opening appeared at the end of the chamber beyond Frodo's feet; and there was Tom's head against the light of the sun rising red behind him.'Come, friend Frodo!' said Tom. 'Let us get out on to the clean grass! You must help me bear them.' Together they carried out Merry, Pippin and Sam. To Frodo's great joy the hobbits stirred, robbed their eyes, and then suddenly sprang up. They looked about in amazement. 'What in the name of wonder?14 began Merry. 'Where did you get to, Frodo?''I thought that I was lost', said Frodo; 'but I don't want to speak of it.' But Tom shook his head, saying: 'Be glad, my merry friends, and let the warm sunlight heat now heart and limb! Cast off these cold rags! Run naked on the grass!'

A stock solution of xylose (1 mg mL-1) was prepared in distilled water. A dilution series ranging from 100-1000 μg mL-1 was prepared from the stock solution. To 1 mL of solution, 1mL of DNSA was added and kept in a boiling water bath for 10 min and then 400 μL of sodium potassium tartrate solution was added and kept it for cooling. The absorbance was recorded in a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-VIS) at 540 nm

Preparation of standard curve of xylose

Transformation of calcium-competent cells was carried out by the procedure detailed below: •The competent bacterial cells were thawed briefly and 200 μL of cells was mixed rapidly with plasmid DNA (10-50 ng) in fresh, sterile microcentrifuge tubes and maintained on ice for 30 min. A negative control with competent cells only (no added DNA) was also included. •Cell membranes were disrupted by subjecting cells to heat-pulse (42 °C) for 90 sec. •After heat shock, cells were incubated on ice for 5 min. •Cells were then mixed with 1 mL LB medium and incubated with shaking at 37 °C for 1 h. •For blue/white screening 40 μL of X-gal solution (20 mg mL-1 in dimethylformamide) and 4 μL of the IPTG (200 mg mL-1) was spread on LB-ampicillin (LB-amp) plates with a sterile glass rod. The plate was allowed to dry for 1h at 37 °C prior to spreading of bacterial cells. •Bacterial cells (100-200 μL) were spread and the plate was incubated at 37 °C for overnight. •White colonies were picked from the plates and suspended into LB-amp broth and cultivated to OD600=0.5

Transformation procedure

PurifiedDNA fragments of size 2-8 kb were ligated to the treated vector using a 1:3::vector :insert ratio in a volume of 10 μL. The total amount of DNA was about 0.5 μg. Vector and insert DNA was heated to 45 °C for 10 min and the immediately chilled on ice for 5 min prior to addition of ligase and buffer. T4 DNA ligase (NEB, England) was added to a final concentration of 0.125 UμL-1 and reactions were incubated at 16 °C for overnight in a ligation chamber. Reaction mixture incubated under same condition without addition of the enzyme was used as control. A ligation reaction was also set up under condition with linear plasmid DNA containing the

Ligation of insert DNA with dephosphorylated vector

In order to minimize self ligation of vector during cloning experiments, the digested DNA was subsequently treated with calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP) [NEB, UK]. The reaction conditions and amount of CIP were optimized and varied from (0.06-1) unit/picomole DNA termini. The dephosphorylation reaction was carried out in 50 μL reaction as follows. Reaction mixture containing no restriction enzyme was treated as control. Reaction was incubated for 1 h at 37 °C and stopped by heat inactivation at 65 °C for 20 min. 2.5.5. Composition of restriction mixture (50 μL) Linearized Plasmid DNA X μL (1 μg) CIP 1 μL (0.06-1 U μL-1) Reaction buffer (10X) 5.0 μL Distilled water Y μL Total volume 50 μL Linearized and dephosphorylated plasmids from each reaction were purified from low melting agarose gel using gel extraction method according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Qiagen gel extraction kit, Germany). 100 ng DNA from each reaction was then ligated in15 μL reaction volume containing 1.5 μL of 10X ligation buffer (NEB, England) and 0.2 μL of T4 DNA ligase to check the efficiency of self ligation after dephosphoryaltion. The ligation mixture was incubated at 16 °C for overnight and transformed into E. coli DH5αcompetent cells.

Dephosphorylation of the restricted plasmid

The vector isolated as above was digested with BamHI to generate the cohesive ends. The reaction was performed in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes as described below. Composition of restriction mixture (100 μL) Plasmid DNA X μL (20 μg) Bam HI 8 μL (10 U μL-1) NEB buffer 4 10.0 μL BSA (100X) 1 μL MQ water Y μL The reaction mixture was incubated at 37 °C for 3 h. The digestion was stopped by heat inactivation at 65 °C for 20 min. The digestion of plasmid was checked using 1.2 % (w/v) agarose gel electrophoresis for linearization of the plasmid. The digested plasmid was purified from low melting agarose gel using gel extraction method according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Qiagen gel extraction kit, Germany).