Furthermore, our research demonstrates that the acceptance rate rises over time and is particularly high among less experienced developers, providing them with substantial benefits.

Par ailleurs, elle met au même niveau des compétences qui peuvent être variées et non compensables

Si la lecture d’une note sur 20 est facile et fait partie de la culture de tous, elle a de sérieux inconvénients. La moyenne ne permet pas de voir les progrès sur le trimestre, elle donne parfois une fausse image scientifique, en particulier lorsque la moyenne s’affiche au centième de points, alors que chaque professeur peut jouer sur de nombreux paramètres pouvant modifier la moyenne du trimestre (coefficients, note la plus basse non comptabilisée, arrondis). Par ailleurs, elle met au même niveau des compétences qui peuvent être variées et non compensables.

ou, pour l'élection des représentants des parents d'élèves, exclusivement par correspondance sur décision du chef d'établissement, après consultation du conseil d'administration. Les votes sont personnels et secrets.

The definition of action, in terms of how it is expressed in both scope and focus, is essentially limitlessWhen the young people were enthusiastic about a particular action they decided to take, they tended to disagree with one another and with me less often, argue about how to implement a certain action with less intensity, and refrain from pushing their own individual agendasThe young people needed to draft permission slips and letters explaining the trip to caregivers and parents, develop a presentation based on the work we were engaged in, choose photographs to reflect particular issues we wanted to focus on in the presentation, and craft a budget so we would have a general idea of how much funding we needed for the tripWhereas many of the sessions the participants engaged in were give-and-take dialogues that led to a particular action being taken, the process of designing a symbol for the group was characterized by a resistance to compromise and cooperation and a determination by a number of the young people to stand their ground when it came to how the group should represent itselfThere are times when people are energized and feel a deep need to act on a particular issueThe participants” uncertainty is an important element to consider because as Kemmis and McTaggart (2005) suggest, participants in PAR projects must be willing to “reasonably live with the consequences of the decisions they make, and the actions they take, and the actions that follow from these decisions” (p. 578)

important aspect of PAR is that participants do not take action on everything that is brought to light in a collaborative projec

Une situation potentiellementdestructrice, mais toujours sourcede rassemblements et deredéfinition des liens avec lesautres.»

utilisés en fonction des fondements qui animent les tenants d'une pédagogie ouverte

En réalité, ce que veulent les gens c’est consommer du déplacement : partir loin et vite, et ça ne peut se faire qu’en avion. C’est là où en fait collectivement on peut se demander ce qui nous semble fondamental. Si tu convertis l’interdiction de l’avion en interdiction de se déplacer, ça pose problème aux gens et c’est compréhensible. En plus, dans une société de déclin où on veut éviter les conflits, avoir du brassage culturel c’est super important. Mais continuer à aller loin ne veut pas dire forcément prendre l’avion. Consommer du déplacement ce n’est pas quelque chose de kiffant en soi. Par contre, voyager, oui, c’est intéressant. Mais aujourd’hui on ne voyage jamais : on ne prend pas le temps. Changer ça, ça suppose de repenser notre organisation collective. Quand tu as deux, trois semaines de vacances, tu ne peux que consommer du déplacement. Si on veut voyager sans prendre l’avion, ça veut simplement dire qu’il faut aussi qu’on revoie notre rapport au travail, ou plutôt à l’asservissement par le travail.

need for more rigorous participatory tools for delving into complex social issues

I want toconsider the mechanics of one of the processes of authentication, before turning to theobstacles that digital medieval projects face in bridging the divide that can separate cred-ible scholarship and the new technologies used to facilitate its creation. Consider thehybrid edition ofCædmon’s Hymn, edited by D.P. O’Donnell and published as a bookwith an accompanying CD in 2005.15Several years after publication, O’Donnell noted ofhis own edition that, despite the inclusion of substantial textual variants made possible bythe mixed digital⁄physical publication, he has ‘yet to see a citation that does not use aform found in the print edition’ (O’Donnell, 114). There are three important points tobe made here. One, in 7 years since publication, CDs have largely become obsolete, andthe future of optical media more generally is questionable. Two, textual variants are notfrequently cited – only very particular types of scholarship are concerned with exploringand discussing textual variants, whether as philological evidence or as literary texts ontheir own right. Scholars regularly discuss Langland’sPiers Plowman, a poem about whichcritics tend to be keenly aware of the state of the text in competing critical editions,without tracking back to the constituent readings made available through the editorialapparatus. Three, O’Donnell’s comments point to a practical difficulty, though one heattempted to resolve by encouraging citation of numbered paragraphs rather than print-bound page numbers: it is difficult to cite things in the hybrid digital⁄analog world thatdominates the present moment.