- Dec 2024
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journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu
- Apr 2024
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academic.oup.com academic.oup.com
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A grossly unequal distribution of wealth couples with the increasing consumption patterns of a rising global middle class (189) to amplify ecological destruction.
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- Jan 2023
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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but it also embodies the materials and labour deployed in China and Bolivia to produce those parts, which existing methods cannot capture.
!- limitations : of previous methods to calculate drain / unequal exchange - hidden costs of prior methods contributed large uncertainty
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Using a modified version of Köhler’s method, recent research has found that in 2015 drain from the South through unequal exchange amounted to $2.1 trillion (constant 2011 dollars), represented in Northern prices (Hickel et al., 2021). Köhler’s proxy approach is limited in several respects, however. It relies on PPP figures that do not adequately account for the comparatively high prices of Northern exports; it relies on GDP figures that are affected by the low prices of imports from the South; and it compares Southern exports to prices across whole economies, rather than to those of only traded goods. All of this leads to underestimating the scale of drain (see Hickel et al., 2021).
!- comment : recent history of calculating unequal exchange - The authors, particularly Hickel have tried to estimate the drain in the past using other techniques but the recent technique of EORA I/O tables proves to be the most accurate to date, revealing a true and larger figure that previous estimates
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Emmanuel and Amin argued that unequal exchange enables a “hidden transfer of value” from the global South to the global North, or from periphery to core, which takes place subtly and almost invisibly, without the overt coercion of the colonial apparatus and therefore without provoking moral outrage.
!- theoretical underpinnings : of study - Emmanuel and Amin (1972) provide the foundational concept of unequal exchange which is used by the authors in this paper
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Imperialist appropriation in the world economy: Drain from the global South through unequal exchange, 1990–2015
!- Title : Imperialist appropriation in the world economy: Drain from the global South through unequal exchange, 1990–2015
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- May 2021
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Kreier, F. (2021). ‘Unprecedented achievement’: Who received the first billion COVID vaccinations? Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01136-2
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- Feb 2021
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nationalseedproject.org nationalseedproject.org
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Recognize that all people are both located in systems and also uniquely individual
I love this point, there are so many different places and there is always inequality everywhere.
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- Jul 2020
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Myers, Kyle R., Wei Yang Tham, Yian Yin, Nina Cohodes, Jerry G. Thursby, Marie C. Thursby, Peter Schiffer, Joseph T. Walsh, Karim R. Lakhani, and Dashun Wang. ‘Unequal Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientists’. Nature Human Behaviour, 15 July 2020, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0921-y.
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- May 2020
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misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu
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Makhortykh, M., Urman, A., & Ulloa, R. (2020). How search engines disseminate information about COVID-19 and why they should do better. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 1(COVID-19 and Misinformation). https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-017
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