- Nov 2024
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www.columbia.edu www.columbia.edu
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What is a realistic timeframe on which “the point of no return” should be understood muchbetter and its implications communicated?
for - quote - at what date will current "hopium" approach of net zero delay be revealed to be ineffective? - 2030 - Jim Hansen
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- Oct 2024
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
- May 2024
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www.derstandard.at www.derstandard.at
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Seit dem Pariser Abkommen finanzierten die 60 größten Banken 425 fossile Großprojekte - sogenannte carbon bombs mit einem zu erwartenden CO2-Ausstoß von jeweils über einer Gigatonne - mit insgesamt 1,8 Billionen Dollar. Der Standard-Artikel geht auf ein Projekt zurück, bei dem Daten des Carbon Bombs-Projekts, des Global Energy Monitor und von Banking on Climate Chaos ausgewertet und visualisiert werden. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000193065/billionenkredite-fuer-fossile-grossprojekte-wie-banken-die-klimakrise-mitfinanzieren
Bericht/Visualisierung: https://www.carbonbombs.org/
Tags
- Shell
- carbon bombs
- Stranded fossil-fuel assets translate to major losses for investors in advanced economies
- USA
- by: Philip Prayer
- BP
- Saudi Arabia
- Gazprom
- fracking
- OMV
- fossil expansion
- ExxonMobil
- BNP Paribas
- 2023-10-31
- China
- Bill Farren-Price
- Abdulaziz bin Salman
- Libya
- Permian basin
- by: Alicia Prager
- Repsol
- by: Anastasia Trenkler
- Citi
- stranded fossil fuel assets
- Unicredit
- Net Zero Banking Alliance
- JPMorgan
- Data for Good
- banks
- Equinor
- éclaircies
- ICBC
- Marcellus Shale
- Eni
- Deutsche Bank
- Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
- fossil fuel finance
- TotalEnergies
- El Sharara
Annotators
URL
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Die größten Banken der Welt haben die Fossilindustrie seit dem Pariser Abkommen mit insgesamt 7 Billionen Dollar finanziert. 6,8 Billionen flossen an Öl-, Kohle- und Gasfirmen, davon 3,3 Billionen in die fossile Expansion. 2023 wuden fossile Firmen mit 705 Mrd. Dollar finanziert, davon 347 für neue Projekte. Diese Zahlen finden sich in der 15. und neuesten Ausgabe des Berichts „Banking on Climate Chaos“. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/13/banks-almost-7tn-fossil-fuel-firms-paris-deal-report
Bericht: https://www.bankingonclimatechaos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/BOCC_2024_vF1.pdf
Tags
- fossil fuel finance
- Mizuho
- JPMorgan Chase
- logseq: true
- Bank of America
- Barclays
- Santander
- Deutsche Bank
- Tom BK Goldtooth
- fossil expansion
- by: Damien Gayle
- 2024-05-13
- Net Zero Banking Alliance
Annotators
URL
theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/13/banks-almost-7tn-fossil-fuel-firms-paris-deal-report -
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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2021 haben sich viele, vor allem britische, Banken zu sogenannten Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) zusammengeschlossen. Ein Bericht der Organisation Reclaim Finance weist nach, dass über 50 von ihnen weiterhin massiv Investitionen in fossile Energien finanziert haben.
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Die International Energy Agency stellt im Vorfeld der #COP28 ein einen neuen Bericht namens Net Zero Road dar, wie Klimaneutralität im Energiesektor bis 2050 erreicht werden kann. Ihr Vorsitzender Fatih Birol hat sich wegen der stark gestiegenen Investitionen in erneuerbare Energien optimistisch geäußert, verlangt aber erheblich größere Anstrengungen und verzichtet offenbar diplomatisch auf Kritik an einzelnen Ländern. Biro spricht ausdrücklich von grünem Wachstum. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/26/staggering-green-growth-gives-hope-for-15c-says-global-energy-head
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- Apr 2024
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speedandscale.com speedandscale.com
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for - rapid whole system change - Speed & Scale
summary - hmmm....what's mssing? - They don't explicitly promote citizen led action - They are still using the net zero by 2050 story, - which in many critics eyes is actually far too little and too late - See Kevin Anderson's critique of net zero - https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=net%2Bzero - They don't address inequality, decolonialization or climate justice issues - They don't identify meta or polycrisis
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- Mar 2024
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www.phenomenalworld.org www.phenomenalworld.org
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What is the most that a working-class person could hope for from a net-zero future?
for - quote - working class - net zero - adjacency - working class - net zero - key insight - working class - net zero
quote - Chris Yates - within class - net zero - (see quote below)
- What is the most that a working-class person could hope for
- from a net-zero future?
- At present,
- in the vision being broadly promoted,
- it’s
- the same hard work,
- the same exploitation,
- but with
- a heat pump instead of
- a gas boiler.
- What is the most that a working-class person could hope for
-
- Feb 2024
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www.derstandard.at www.derstandard.at
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Die Autor:innen des Projekts "Net Zero 2040" erläutern in einem Blogpost auf der Standard-Website ihre Ergebnisse. Modellierungen zeigen, dass in Österreich eine vollständige Dekarbonisierung im Energiesektor bis 2040 möglich ist, wenn sie politisch entschlossen vorangetrieben wird. Der Projekt Bericht enthält vier unterschiedliche, realistischeSzenarien zum Erreichen von Net Zero. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000205443/wie-oesterreich-klimaneutral-werden-kann
Ergebnisse der Szenarien: https://www.netzero2040.at/
Tags
- decarbonization
- energy system
- by: Johannes Schmidt Martin Baumann Daniel Huppmann Michael Klingler Hermine Mitter Sebastian Wehrle Lukas Zwieb
- modelling
- Internationales Institut für Systemanalyse
- 2024-02-07
- Österreichische Energieagentur
- Universität für Bodenkultur
- Austria
- Net Zero 2040
- Erneuerbaren-Ausbau-Gesetz (EAG)
Annotators
URL
-
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www.repubblica.it www.repubblica.it
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Im Trilog haben sich EU-Parlament, europäischer Rat und Europäische Kommission auf den Net-Zero Industry Act geeinigt, mit dem erreicht werden soll, dass mindestens 40% der für die Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien notwendigen Güter aus der EU selbst kommen. Außerdem sollen die Kapazitäten zur Abscheidung und Speicherung von CO<sub>2</sub> (CCS) bis 2030 auf mindestens 50 Millionen Tonnen gesteigert werden. https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2024/02/07/news/accordo_sul_piano_per_unindustria_a_impatto_zero_la_risposta_delleuropa_a_cina_e_stati_uniti-422077536/
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- Jan 2024
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Das unabhängige britische Climate Change Committee hat seine Schlussfolgerungen enaus den Ergebnissen der Kopf 28 publiziert. Darin wird die britische Regierung zu einer deutlichen Beschleunigung der dekarbonisierung aufgefordert.Aaders sein die Verpflichtungen aus dem Pariser Abkommen nicht umzusetzen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/30/uk-must-act-urgently-to-meet-climate-commitments-says-watchdog
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Die großen Firmen der Fossilindustrie haben 2023 Selbstverpflichtungen zur Dekarbonisierung zurückgenommen. Im wärmsten Jahr der aufgezeichneten Geschichte haben sie an der Perfektionierung ihrer fossilen Geschäftsmodelle und an an einer weiteren Steigerung der Förderung von Öl und Gas gearbeitet. Überblicksartikel im Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/jan/03/2023-hottest-year-on-record-fossil-fuel-climate-crisis
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- Dec 2023
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bylinetimes.com bylinetimes.com
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- for: polycrisis - US political election interference due to threat of net zero transition to Russian economy
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www.annualreviews.org www.annualreviews.org
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- annotate
- for: emissions reduction - net zero cities
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- Oct 2023
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Angesichts der Temperaturrekorde im September fasst Adam Morton im Guardian die Kernaussagen des Net Zero Road-Berichts der IEA zusammen. Die Erhitzung kann danach noch gestoppt werden, wenn die Investitionen in Erneuerbare weiter schnell gesteigert werden und wenn nicht mehr in die Entwicklung fossiler Energien investiert wird. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/commentisfree/2023/oct/05/global-heating-weather-temperatures-climate-impact
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- Sep 2023
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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reaching zero by 2050 won't take us there
- for: quote, quote - net zero by 2050
- quote
- reaching zero by 2050 won't take us there
- author: Johan Rockstrom
- date: Sept. 2023
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Local file Local file
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Net Zero Sales covers scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions on an intensity, full equity-share basisacross the value chain and seeks to reduce these:a. By 5% by 2025b. By 15-20% by 2030c. To net-zero by 2050
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Net Zero Emissions Commitment covers scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions on an intensity, partialequity-share basis across the value chain and seeks to reduce these:a. By 15% by 2025b. By 28% by 2030c. By 55% by 2040d. To net-zero by 2050.
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Net Zero Production covers scope 3 emissions on an absolute, full equity-share basis inthe upstream sector, excluding 3rd party crude, and seeks to reduce these:a. By 10-15% by 2025 [20%]b. By 20-30% by 2030 [30-40%]c. To net-zero by 2050
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Net Zero Operations covers scope 1 and 2 emissions on an absolute, operated-asset basisacross the value chain and seeks to reduce these:a. By 20% by 2025b. By 50% by 2030c. To net-zero by 2050
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climate finance expert Malango Mughogho, who is managing director of ZeniZeni Sustainable Finance Limited in South Africa and a member of the United Nations High-Level Expert Group on net-zero emissions commitments.
- for: climate change financing - South Africa, Malango Mughogho, ZeniZeni, net-zero
-
- Aug 2023
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www.derstandard.de www.derstandard.de
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Standard-Artikel über die Schwierigkeiten, in Österreich Großprojekte zur Energiewende administrativ und gegen den Widerstand lokaler Initiativen durchzusetzen. Die drei ausgewählten Beispiele zeigen, dass die Probleme und die Motive für den Widerstand sehr unterschiedlich sind. Die EU will mit dem Net Zero Industry Act die Zeit bis zur Umsetzung von Projekten auf maximal anderthalb Jahre verkürzen. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000182417/ueberforderte-behoerden-und-protestierende-buerger-bremsen-die-energiewende-aus
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- Jul 2023
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one of the things I think Civil Society has to be aware of is that there's been 00:09:33 a deliberate misuse of the prospects of technology
- for: net zero, kick the can down the road, green growth, degrowth, NET, negative emissions technology
-
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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the graph you see here shows the two Alternatives we have 00:12:22 either we really radically reduce emissions and come to Net Zero by 2040 with limited overshoot
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for: bend the curve, planetary boundaries, planetary tipping points, 1.5 Degree, overshoot 1.5 Degree C
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two alternatives
- come to net zero by 2040 with limited overshoot
- come to net zero by 2060 with 3 decades of overshoot to 1.6, 1.7 Deg C
- first alternative is no longer viable
-
-
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data.alibabagroup.com data.alibabagroup.com
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In 2021, Alibaba set ambitious targets of achieving carbon neutrality in our own operations and halving the energy intensity across our value chain by 2030 and driving emission reduction of 1.5 gigatons over 15 years in our platform ecosystem
There's a 2030 end goal target
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- Apr 2023
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theconversation.com theconversation.com
-
The new report evokes a mild sense of urgency, calling on governments to mobilise finance to accelerate the uptake of green technology. But its conclusions are far removed from a direct interpretation of the IPCC’s own carbon budgets (the total amount of CO₂ scientists estimate
- The report claims that
- to reach target of 50/50 chance of staying within 1.5 deg C,
- we must reach meet zero by 2050
- Yet, updating the IPCC’s estimate of the 1.5°C carbon budget,
- from 2020 to 2023, and then drawing a straight line down from today’s total emissions to the point where all carbon emissions must cease, and without exceeding this budget,
- gives a zero CO₂ date of 2040.
- Furthermore, adding policy delays to set things up, it is more likely a date closer to mid 2030's.
- Yet, updating the IPCC’s estimate of the 1.5°C carbon budget,
- The report claims that
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- Mar 2023
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unfccc.int unfccc.int
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Climate Neutral Now
Offset schemes should take into account of wider issues
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
- Jan 2023
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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Net Zero
!- comment : net zero - Johan Rockstrom must support net zero, but virtue of being on this panel and agreeing with it - See Kevin Anderson’s critique of net zero: https://hyp.is/go?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdocdrop.org%2Fvideo%2F35-1n1ZowvM%2F&group=world
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- Dec 2022
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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Isaac and I uh with another colleague we did a little bit of work trying to look at what would the Swedish policy or the UK policy indeed look like if it was carried out globally and it would look at something like two and a half degrees Centigrade of warming if 00:31:58 not more
!- key point : Sweden's net zero plan scaled globally - would result in a 2.5 deg C or greater world
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it's a its strength is it's a policy framework for all um but for me actually that vagueness undermines it's its real purpose and allows us to expand the use of fossil fuels hence every scenario out there includes large amounts of fossil fuels 00:30:32 even in 2050. Net Zero 24 1.5 scenarios all clued large amounts of fossil fuels the International Energy agency scenario includes 25 of the energy still being fossil fuels in 2050 I mean there's no 00:30:45 way that can be reconciled with what the science tells us unless you rely on negative emissions but all of this lot of virtuous organizations all of these have Net Zero 2050 targets none of those are intended to stop producing gas and 00:30:56 oil in 2050. it's only scope one and two if you read their reports scope three burning the stuff is not included but presumably that's the purpose of exploiting of getting out of the ground is to burn it and this I'm just going to 00:31:08 store it somewhere for fun all of these countries are looking right now looking for more oil and gas and yet we know from the research we can't burn half the oiling gas we want if you want for one point a good chance of 1.5 you can burn about a third of 00:31:21 what we have so Net Zero is first it's not it's not zero fossil fuels nothing like it there's this whole framing that allows us to expand the carbon budget so we can all feel slightly happier in our homes 00:31:34 today because we haven't got to make these big changes
!- key point : net zero fallacy - a way for incumbent fossil fuel industry and allies to continue burning fossil fuels well into 2050 - there is no net zero plan that does not include large amounts of fossil fuels - and burning these are inconsistent with staying under 1.5 Deg C
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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what you and I just said compared to the global narratives like net zero by 00:11:29 2050 is maybe blasphemy. It's almost a completely different worldview. And so the net zero very common McKinsey sort of governmental forecast is very different than what we're saying. And I don't think both can be true.
!- contradiction : between mainstream green growth net zero by 205 narrative, and ours
Tags
Annotators
URL
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- Sep 2022
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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how many people have seen curves that look like these progress against time right everywhere reading 00:48:14 scores test scores people love these yay oh no yay oh no it's bad because our 00:48:32 nervous system is only set up for relative change and in fact there's cause for cheering if that's the threshold but in fact for reading 00:48:43 threshold is this this is all oh no doesn't matter whether it goes up or not because there are many many things that where you have to get to the real 00:48:58 version of the thing before you're doing it at all in the 21st century it doesn't have help to read just a little bit you have to be fluent at it so this is a 00:49:09 huge problem and once you draw the threshold in there immediately converts this thing that looked wonderful into a huge qualitative gap and the gap is 00:49:20 widening and we have two concepts that are enemies of what we need to do perfect and better right so better is a 00:49:36 way of getting fake success we had improvement see it all the time it's the ultimate quarterly report we had improvements here and perfect is 00:49:51 tough to get in this world so both of those are really bad so what you want is what's actually needed and the exquisite skill here which I'm going to use these 00:50:06 two geniuses Thakur and Engels to labor it I'm going to call that the sweet spot the way you make progress here is you pick the thing that is just over that threshold that is qualitatively better 00:50:21 than all the rest of the crap you can do you can spend billions turning around and once you do that you widen up you give yourself a little blue plane to 00:50:34 operate in and for a while everything you do in there is something that is actually going to be meaningful
!- similar to : climate change solutions - Good metaphor for climate change progress
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what is 00:32:39 your ten year plan and the reaction I get is that right think about it the idea of a ten year plan that people are 00:32:50 serious about is just it's fake companies just don't have it they don't set themselves up to be able to deal with this thing which is really just to 00:33:04 find hope that they're going to be in business in ten years they have no idea
!- applies to : net zero plan
Tags
Annotators
URL
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- Jun 2022
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first i think it's important to remember that net zero is a new phrase it's it's nothing we haven't had newton this language of net zero this framing of net zero is is something just appeared just in 00:11:54 the last few years if you look at the sr 1.5 report 2018 in the summary for policy makers then um it's mentioned 16 times if you look at the ar-5 the previous report from the ipcc and their synthesis report 00:12:06 for the summary for policy makers it's not mentioned once you look in the the committee on climate uk committee on climate change's sixth budget report and it's it's a long report 427 pages 00:12:18 it's on numerous times on every page it's somewhere between it's referred to somewhere between three thousand and five thousand times they use the expression net zero look at the previous fifth budget report from the committee on 00:12:31 climate change in 2015 it's not mentioned once now it is true to say that the language of net cumulative missions in various ways has been referred to if you like within the science but the appealing translation and the 00:12:44 ubiquitous use of net zero by everyone is a very new phenomena and one i think that we've taken on board unproblematically because it allows us to to basically um avoid near-term action on climate 00:12:57 change and we can hide all sorts behind it so it's important to recognize that net zero net zero 2050 net zero 20 20 45 for sweden firstly this is not based on the concept of a total carbon budget 00:13:10 and it's interesting note that the uk previously had legislation that was based on the total carbon budget for the uk as i mean i think the budget was too large but it was deemed to be an appropriate contribution to staying below 2 degrees centigrade but now 00:13:24 that's gone now we simply have this net zero 2050 framing so this whole language it moves the debate from what we need to do today which is what carbon budgets force us to 00:13:36 face it moves it off to some far-off point 2045 or 2050 which we have to think about that in which which policymakers in sweden and the uk will still be policymakers in 2045 and 50 they'll either be dead 00:13:49 or retired as indeed with the scientists that are behind a lot of this net zero language so it's in that sense it's we are passing that net zero is a is a generational passing of the challenge of the buck um to our children and our children's 00:14:02 children it's also worth bearing in mind that net zero typically assumes some sort of multi-layered form of substitution between different greenhouse gases so carbon dioxide for me thing between different sources 00:14:15 carbon dioxide from a car can be compared with agricultural fertilizer and nitrous oxide emissions but these these are very different things but across decades a flight carbon dioxide 00:14:27 from a flight we take today can be considered in relation to carbon capture in a tree that's planted in 2050 that's growing in 2070. this assumption within net zero that a ton is a ton is a ton regardless of different 00:14:40 chemistries different atmospheric lifetimes of the gases in the atmosphere and and different levels of certainty and indeed levels of risk and hugely different things this is this is incredibly dangerous and again it's another 00:14:52 it's another thing that makes net zero attractive and appealing in a machiavellian way because it allows us to hide all sorts of things behind this language of net zero the other thing about net zero is that 00:15:07 perhaps with no exceptions but typically anyway it relies on huge planetary scale carbon dioxide removal cdrs often well that's the latest acronym i'm sure there'll be another one out in the next year or two 00:15:20 um carbon dioxide removal captures two important elements first negative emission technologies nets as they're often referred to and second nature-based solutions um nbs so these two approaches one is sort of 00:15:32 using technology to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the other one is using various nature-based approaches like planting trees or peat bog restoration and things like this that are claimed to absorb carbon dioxide 00:15:45 and just to get a sense of the scale of negative emissions that's assumed in almost every single 1.5 and 2 degree scenario at the global level but indeed at national levels as well we're typically assuming hundreds of 00:15:57 billions of tons of carbon dioxide being absorbed from the atmosphere most of it is post 2050 and quite a lot of it is beyond 2100 again look at those dates who in the scientific community that's 00:16:09 promoting these who in the policy realm that's promoting these is going to be still at work working in 2015 and 2100 some of the early career researchers possibly some of the younger policymakers but most of us will 00:16:21 will say be dead or um or retired by them and just have another flavor if those numbers don't mean a lot to you what we're assuming here is that technologies that are today at best small pilot schemes will be 00:16:34 ramped up in virtually every single scenario to something that's that's akin to the current um global oil and gas industry that sort of size now that would be fine if it's one in ten scenarios or you know five and a 00:16:47 hundred scenarios but when virtually every scenario is doing that it demonstrates the deep level of systemic bias that we've got now that we've all bought into this language of net zero so it's not to outline my position on 00:16:59 carbon dioxide removal because it's often said that i'm opposed to it and that's simply wrong um i i would like just to see a well-funded research and development programs into negative emission technologies nature-based solutions and so forth 00:17:12 and potentially deploy them if they meet stringent sustainability criteria and i'll just reiterate that stringent sustainability criteria but we should mitigate we should cut our emissions today assuming that these carbon dioxide removal techniques of one 00:17:25 sort or another do not work at scale and another important factor to bear in mind here and there's a lot of double counting that gotham goes on here as far as i can tell anyway is that we're going to require some level of carbon 00:17:36 dioxide removal because there's going to be a lot of residual greenhouse gas emissions not you know not co2 principally methane and n2o nitroxites and fertilizer use um we're going to come from agriculture anyway if you're going to feed 9 billion 00:17:49 people now quite what those numbers are there's a lot of uncertainty but somewhere probably around 6 to 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent every single year so we'll have to find some way of compensating for the warming from feeding the world's population and certainly there are plenty of things we 00:18:01 can do with our food eating habits and with our agricultural practices but nonetheless it still looks like there will be a lot of emissions from the agricultural sector and therefore we need to have real zero emissions 00:18:14 from energy we cannot be using all of these other techniques nets mbs and so forth to allow us to carry on with our high energy use net zero has become if you like a policy 00:18:28 framework for all and some argue and there's been some question discussion in some of the um journalist papers around climate change recently saying well actually that's what it's one of its real strengths is it brings everyone together 00:18:40 but in my view it it's so vague that it seriously undermines the need for immediate and deep cuts and emissions so i can see some merit in a in an approach that does bring people together but if it sells everything out in that process then i think it's actually more 00:18:53 dangerous than it is of benefit and i think net zero very much falls into that category i just like to use the uk now as an example of why i come to that conclusion
Suddenly the new term "Net Zero" was introduced into this IPCC report thousands of times. Kevin unpacks how misleading this concept could be, allowing business and governments to kick the can down the road and not make any real effort towards GHG reductions today. Procrastination that is deadly for our civilization.
At time 15 minute, Kevin goes into Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Negative Emission Technologies
(NET) which are an important part of the Net Zero concept. These are speculative technologies at best which today show no sign of scalability.
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bafybeiccxkde65wq2iwuydltwmfwv733h5btvyrzqujyrt5wcfjpg4ihf4.ipfs.dweb.link bafybeiccxkde65wq2iwuydltwmfwv733h5btvyrzqujyrt5wcfjpg4ihf4.ipfs.dweb.link
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Designing policy for climate change requires analyses which integrate the interrelationshipbetween the economy and the environment. We argue that, despite their dominance in theeconomics literature and influence in public discussion and policymaking, the methodologyemployed by Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) rests on flawed foundations, which becomeparticularly relevant in relation to the realities of the immense risks and challenges of climatechange, and the radical changes in our economies that a sound and effective response require. Weidentify a set of critical methodological problems with the IAMs which limit their usefulness anddiscuss the analytic foundations of an alternative approach that is more capable of providinginsights into how best to manage the transition to net-zero emissions
The claim of this paper is that the current (2022) Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) used by IPCC and therefore policymakers is inadequate due to shortcomings in predicting risk. The paper offers the analytic foundations for an alternative model.
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- May 2022
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ig.ft.com ig.ft.com
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Can you reach net zero by 2050?
Can you reach net zero by 2050 is a game designed by partnership between IEA and Financial Times.
-