Trials measure efficacy, but the world cares about effectiveness. Today, benchmarks lack even a good measure of efficacy and are far away from effectiveness.
把临床试验里 efficacy（理想条件有效）和 effectiveness（真实世界有用）的区分搬到评测上，是本文最可外推的一层。当前榜单连第一层都没做扎实就在谈落地，等于跳过了医学花几十年才走完的路。注意作者是 Protege 的合作方，指出问题的同时也在卖解法。
patient characteristics, comorbidities, facilities, and year only explain 3.4% of the variation in the choice to perform partial or full
这是全文最硬的一组数字：加进主刀医生身份，解释力从 3.4% 跳到 14.8%，也就是七成以上的差异来自「谁开的刀」。它把「基准答案」这件事拆穿了——医疗标注很多时候记录的是某个医生当天的偏好，模型答得跟它不一样，未必是错，只是不合口味。
我们不是要挑战医生的权威，而是要帮患者明明白白看病，以患者为中心，让他拥有知情权和决策权。
在AI医疗领域，大多数公司选择与医生合作或复制医生经验，而王小川提出'造医生'而非'复制医生'的理念，强调以患者为中心而非医生权威。这一立场挑战了医疗AI行业普遍的'医生中心'模式，提出了一个与主流医疗AI发展路径不同的非共识观点。
Impact of having doctor visit being transcribed by AI The GDPR issues aside, there is a strong indication that writing is the thinking for physicians but they might not realise that. - [ ] return #pkm
Foundation model companies are doing the same. OpenAI launched a dedicated Healthcare & Life Sciences vertical, complete with industry-specific sales teams and solutions engineers.
令人惊讶的是：即使是基础模型公司如OpenAI也在转向专业化，成立了专门的医疗和生命科学垂直部门，配备行业特定的销售团队和解决方案工程师。这表明AI行业正在从通用模型向高度专业化的行业解决方案转变。
The updated Agents SDK made it production-viable for us to automate a critical clinical records workflow that previous approaches couldn't handle reliably enough.
令人惊讶的是：医疗健康公司Oscar Health已经使用更新的Agents SDK成功自动化了临床记录工作流程，这是以前的方法无法可靠处理的。这表明AI代理技术已经发展到足以处理复杂、高风险的医疗数据任务，这可能彻底改变医疗行业的记录管理方式。
The demand for these medications has been the most ferocious thing I have witnessed in my working life, and the hardest parts of running a telehealth company, like finding doctors and fulfilling prescriptions, can be entirely outsourced to platforms like CareValidate and OpenLoop.
大多数人认为医疗行业监管严格且难以突破，但作者指出GLP-1药物的需求如此之大以至于一个人可以在短短两个月内创建价值数十亿美元的公司，并将医疗服务的核心功能外包。这一观点挑战了传统医疗行业的复杂性认知，展示了AI如何颠覆传统受监管行业。
Medical AI’s social impact is not merely a question of practice but also the insufficiency of its promise
Kurzweil, R. (2020 May 19). AI-Powered Biotech Can Help Deploy a Vaccine In Record Time. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/opinion-ai-powered-biotech-can-help-deploy-a-vaccine-in-record-time/
Schwalbe, N., & Wahl, B. (2020). Artificial intelligence and the future of global health. The Lancet, 395(10236), 1579–1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30226-9
Multiple articles from Financial Times - Future of AI and Digital Healthcare
Guney S., Daniels C., & Childers Z.. (2020 April 30). Using AI to Understand the Patient Voice During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Catalyst Non-Issue Content, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1056/CAT.20.0103