he convention therefore decided to give the federal government almost unfettered authority to establish armies

Experience during the Revolutionary War had demonstrated convincingly that militia forces could not be relied on for national defense,

Citizens were always going to resist undergoing unpaid military training, and governments were always going to want more professional—and therefore more efficient and tractable—forces

The FBI declined several requests to comment for this article.  Among the documents obtained by Rolling Stone —some of which are newly declassified— is a 1968 document discussing funeral plans for Martin Luther King Jr., calling it a “racial situation.” It further notes “Sammy Davis Jr., Aretha Franklin…of this group, some have supported militant Black power concept…[performance at MLK memorial by these prominent entertainers] would provide emotional spark which could ignite racial disturbance in this area.” The agency also tried and failed to connect Franklin to the Black Liberation Army and other so-called “radical” movements. In one case, the FBI detailed her 1971 contract with Atlantic Records “just in case” agents could link Franklin’s business dealings to the Black Panther Party.  Another document titled “Possible Racial Violence” describes an incident in August 1968 when Franklin canceled a show at the Red Rocks Amphitheater near Denver, Colorado. According to local news reports at the time, fans engaged in a “20-minute melee” and  “broke chairs and music stands, damaged a grand piano, and even set fire to trees, bushes and trash piles.”

The horn's loud, lugubrious tones "suited the tumult of war," wrote Diodorus Siculus around 50 B.C. Later Roman troops used the karnyx themselves.

Bloodcurdling war cries are a universal way of striking terror in foes. Maori war chants, the Japanese battle cry "Banzai!" (Long Live the Emperor) in World War II, the Ottomans' "Vur Ha!" (Strike), the Spanish "Desperta Ferro!" (Awaken the Iron), and the "Rebel Yell" of Confederate soldiers are examples. In antiquity, the sound of Greek warriors bellowing "Alala!" while banging swords on bronze shields was likened to hooting owls or a screeching flock of monstrous birds.

Perseus of Macedon prepared for a Roman attack with war elephants in 168 B.C. by having artisans build wooden models of elephants on wheels.

in 202 B.C., blasts of Roman war trumpets panicked Carthaginian general Hannibal's war elephants in the Battle of Zama, ending the Second Punic War.

In 280 B.C., the Romans first encountered war elephants, brought to Italy by Greek King Pyrrhus.

Weber left home and lived in poverty while working as a street-corner evangelist and social activist for two years with the evangelical Church Army Workers, an organization similar to the Salvation Army, preaching and singing hymns on street corners and singing and playing the organ in rescue missions in red-light districts in Pittsburgh and New York,[13][33] until the Church Army Workers disbanded in 1900.

Reengineering Army Education for Adult Learners

An Engine for Army Learning

What Is the PLA’s Role in Promoting China-Cambodia Relations?

Inflatable tanks, fake radio broadcasts, and actors impersonating generals were all part of an arsenal of brilliant tricks used by a top-secret WWII army unit called The Ghost Army.

America's Power Army

America's Power Army

America's Power Army

America's Power Army

America's Power Army

America's Power Army

America's Power Army

America's Power Army

America's Power Army

America's Power Army