Adoption differences extend beyond discipline and career stage. We classify researcher names according to gender and find that those with typically male names have adopted coding agents at more than twice the rate of respondents with typically female names.

There are sharp disparities in use of coding agents. Twice as many researchers with typically male names use coding agents as those with female names. Researchers at top universities are 40% more likely than others to use coding agents.

I’ve actively participated in a revisionist sort of annotation that is part redaction/part revision in that I have gone through digital copies of some children’s books and in cases where it didn’t matter if the main character was male, I would actively use book editing software to make all the lead characters female for the sake of reading to girls. Often I’ve done this while reading out loud, but around the 1st/2nd grade level when children begin to read for themselves, physical annotations/revisions are required.

The title of her essay “White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences Through Work in Women’s Studies” was a mouthful. McIntosh listed 46 ways white privilege is enacted.

This result is consistent with analysis by the data science team at Quora, a site where users ask and answer questions. That team found that women use uncertain words and phrases more often than men do, even when they are just as confident.