Learning Rubric

CSU QLT Informal Review Instruments

Exemplary Online Instruction

EPortfolio (Digital Portfolio) Rubric

The Winchester manuscript contains no title, no table of contents, and no page numbering.  As you can imagine, reading such a text would be difficult without graphic assistance.  The Winchester scribes provided it in the text by setting off names of characters in red ink, a practice known as "rubrication."  The names in red also included two non-human nouns which acted as agents doing things in the text, the "Sankgreal" or Holy Grail (which healed and wounded like a knight), and the "Rounde Table," which was a concept in whose name knights might act of take oaths.  However, the scribes main ongoing assistance to readers occurs in the manuscript's  margins.

It is written right-to-left in hieratic, the Egyptian cursive form of hieroglyphs, in black ink with explanatory glosses in red ink.

The text of a Book of the Dead was written in both black and red ink, regardless of whether it was in hieroglyphic or hieratic script. Most of the text was in black, with red used for the titles of spells, opening and closing sections of spells, the instructions to perform spells correctly in rituals, and also for the names of dangerous creatures such as the demon Apep.[57] The black ink used was based on carbon, and the red ink on ochre, in both cases mixed with water.