phrase "six degrees of separation", although Milgram

Small-world experiment

Six degrees of separation

The most notable characteristic in a scale-free network is the relative commonness of vertices with a degree that greatly exceeds the average. The highest-degree nodes are often called "hubs", and are thought to serve specific purposes in their networks, although this depends greatly on the domain.

Scale-free network

Preferential attachment

Uses

A sample UML class and sequence diagram for the Command design pattern.

The central ideas of this design pattern closely mirror the semantics of first-class functions and higher-order functions in functional programming languages. Specifically, the invoker object is a higher-order function of which the command object is a first-class argument.

A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence.

For the usage in society, see Second-class citizen.

In programming language design, a first-class citizen (also type, object, entity, or value) in a given programming language is an entity which supports all the operations generally available to other entities. These operations typically include being passed as an argument, returned from a function, modified, and assigned to a variable.

In computer science, a programming language is said to have first-class functions if it treats functions as first-class citizens.

In object-oriented programming, information hiding (by way of nesting of types) reduces software development risk by shifting the code's dependency on an uncertain implementation (design decision) onto a well-defined interface. Clients of the interface perform operations purely through it so if the implementation changes, the clients do not have to change.

The term encapsulation is often used interchangeably with information hiding. Not all agree on the distinctions between the two though; one may think of information hiding as being the principle and encapsulation being the technique. A software module hides information by encapsulating the information into a module or other construct which presents an interface.

In a rule-based system, a metarule is a rule governing the application of other rules.

The modern sense of "an X about X" has given rise to concepts like "meta-cognition" (cognition about cognition), "meta-emotion" (emotion about emotion), "meta-discussion" (discussion about discussion), "meta-joke" (joke about jokes), and "metaprogramming" (writing programs that manipulate programs).

which have recently become umbrella terms referring to any piece of quickly-consumed comedic or relatable content

Remix occurs when the original meme is altered in some way, while mimicry occurs when the meme is recreated in a different fashion to the original.

The Chicago Manual of Style and the Associated Press (AP) both revised their formerly capitalized stylization of the word to lowercase "internet" in 2016.[3] The New York Times, which followed suit in adopting the lowercase style, said that such a change is common practice when "newly coined or unfamiliar terms" become part of the lexicon.

The Oxford English Dictionary says that the global network is usually "the internet", but most of the American historical sources it cites use the capitalized form.

Technical authors still also use the uncapitalized form in singular and plural (internets) forms to describe the interconnection of multiple individual networks.

The spelling "internet" has become often used, as the word almost always refers to the global network; the generic sense of the word has become rare in non-technical writings.

Proponents theorize that memes are a viral phenomenon that may evolve by natural selection in a manner analogous to that of biological evolution.

With the introduction of CPUs which ran faster than the original 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 used in the IBM Personal Computer, programs which relied on the CPU's frequency for timing were executing faster than intended. Games in particular were often rendered unplayable. To provide some compatibility, the "turbo" button was added. Engaging turbo mode slows the system down to a state compatible with original 8086/8088 chips.

Contrary to what it suggests, the "turbo" button was intended to let a computer run slower than the speed for which it had been designed.

Some languages like Smalltalk and Ruby only allow access via object methods

They claim that inheritance often breaks encapsulation, given that inheritance exposes a subclass to the details of its parent's implementation.

Encapsulation is used to hide the values or state of a structured data object inside a class, preventing direct access to them by clients in a way that could expose hidden implementation details or violate state invariance maintained by the methods.

while it is strongly NP-complete if the weights and profits are given as rational numbers.[12] However, in the case of rational weights and profits it still admits a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme.

As with other software patterns, MVC expresses the "core of the solution" to a problem while allowing it to be adapted for each system.

Diagram of interactions

This is done to separate internal representations of information from the ways information is presented to and accepted from the user.

Any representation of information such as a chart, diagram or table. Multiple views of the same information are possible, such as a bar chart for management and a tabular view for accountants.

On different servers (instances), users can create so-called identities. These identities are able to communicate over the boundaries of the instances because the software running on the servers supports one or more communication protocols which follow an open standard

The Fediverse (a portmanteau of "federation" and "universe") is an ensemble of federated (i.e. interconnected) servers that are used for web publishing (i.e. social networking, microblogging, blogging, or websites) and file hosting, but which, while independently hosted, can communicate with each othe

The Mother of All Demos

A successful evaluation of discriminant validity shows that a test of a concept is not highly correlated with other tests designed to measure theoretically different concepts.

The remaining term, 1 / (1 − Rj2) is the VIF. It reflects all other factors that influence the uncertainty in the coefficient estimates. The VIF equals 1 when the vector Xj is orthogonal to each column of the design matrix for the regression of Xj on the other covariates. By contrast, the VIF is greater than 1 when the vector Xj is not orthogonal to all columns of the design matrix for the regression of Xj on the other covariates. Finally, note that the VIF is invariant to the scaling of the variables

It turns out that the square of this standard error, the estimated variance of the estimate of βj, can be equivalently expressed as:[3][4] var ^ ( β ^ j ) = s 2 ( n − 1 ) var ^ ( X j ) ⋅ 1 1 − R j 2 , {\displaystyle {\widehat {\operatorname {var} }}({\hat {\beta }}_{j})={\frac {s^{2}}{(n-1){\widehat {\operatorname {var} }}(X_{j})}}\cdot {\frac {1}{1-R_{j}^{2}}},} where Rj2 is the multiple R2 for the regression of Xj on the other covariates (a regression that does not involve the response variable Y). This identity separates the influences of several distinct factors on the variance of the coefficient estimate: s2: greater scatter in the data around the regression surface leads to proportionately more variance in the coefficient estimates n: greater sample size results in proportionately less variance in the coefficient estimates var ^ ( X j ) {\displaystyle {\widehat {\operatorname {var} }}(X_{j})} : greater variability in a particular covariate leads to proportionately less variance in the corresponding coefficient estimate The remaining term, 1 / (1 − Rj2) is the VIF. It reflects all other factors that influence the uncertainty in the coefficient estimates

Battle of Schwaderloh

ERTH 4303

Command transfer

Personnel

Design

General Staff

Command staff

, a single person commands the incident response and is the decision-making final authority.

Single incident commander

Incident commander

Composition

Integrated communications

Comprehensive resource management

Incident Action Plans

Coordination

Span of control

Flexible and modular organization

should be as specific as possible; must be attainable; and if possible given a working time-frame.

Management by objective

Common terminology

Unity of command

Key concepts

Events

Incidents

Basis

Although influenced by the works of Classical Antiquity, Nicola was not simply an imitator. His figures are original creations that came into being through a thorough study and understanding of the antique prototypes and the reinstating of antique representations.

1273

1265

Arnolfo di Cambio, fra Guglielmo Agnelli, Niccolò dell'Arca, the young Michelangelo, Girolamo Coltellini and Giovanni Batista Boudard.

1264

synthesis of the French Gothic style with the Classical style of ancient Rome, as he had seen on the sarcophagi of the Camposanto in Pisa, such as the scene Meleager hunting the Calydonian Boar on a sarcophagus brought as booty to Pisa by its navy.

He moved to Pisa between 1245 and 1250,

Tuscany to work at the Prato Castle.

intertwining Classical and Christian traditions.

probably trained in the local workshops of the emperor Frederick II, and he attended his coronation.

Italian sculptor whose work is noted for its classical Roman sculptural style. Pisano is sometimes considered to be the founder of modern sculpture.[2]

also called Niccolò Pisano, Nicola de Apulia or Nicola Pisanus; c. 1220/1225 – c. 1284

Lippi's return to Florence took place--the date is disputed--at some time between 1491 and 1494

1488, Lippi went to Rome,

Filippino depicted his characters in a landscape which recreated the ancient world in its finest details, showing the influence of the Grottesco style he had seen on his time in Rome.

Tanai de' Nerli

Piero di Francesco del Pugliese

Perugino, Ghirlandaio

His first works greatly resemble those of Botticelli, but with less sensitivity and subtlety.

Botticelli,

illegitimate son of the painter Fra Filippo Lippi and Lucrezia Buti

Early Renaissance and first few years of the High Renaissance.

Florence, Italy

(Prato, April 1457 – Florence, 18 April 1504)

Vasari knew Sebastiano, but probably not very well; although he had been compiling material for some time, the first edition of his Lives did not appear until 1550, after Sebastiano's death, and it is not clear if he had specifically discussed the biography with Sebastiano.

"As so often with Sebastiano's drawings, the first impression is one of unrhythmic dryness; but the suggestion of atmosphere, the sensitively drawn contemplative faces and the subtle use of reflected lights and tonal transitions leave no doubt that [this] is from his own hand.

From early on he was innovative and ready to experiment in compositional details as well as technique, with a special interest in painting in oils on new surfaces, whether plaster, stone, alabaster or slate.

He became less interested in colour as his career progressed, and many later works are rather sombre, with touches of bright colour.

Sebastiano was trained in the Venetian tradition of rich, subtly varying, colours in oil painting

Vasari, probably much influenced by Michelangelo, places great emphasis on Sebastiano's turning away from art for a comfortable life as a well-paid courtier from this point, but may overstate the reality

He painted a number of portraits of the pope

following years Sebastiano mostly avoided very large commissions for churches, and concentrated on portraits, where he had a considerable reputation, and religious easel paintings, such as his Visitation for France (1518–19, now Louvre),[30] and his Madonna of the Veil

Raphael generally preferred, as has remained the case ever since.

he already shows an adaption to Roman style, especially that of Michelangelo, whose Sistine Chapel ceiling had just been completed

Michelangelo

Raphael

Giovanni Bellini and Giorgione.

Friends like Michelangelo and Ariosto

1511

Rome

Venice

High Renaissance and early Mannerist periods famous as the only major artist of the period to combine the colouring of the Venetian school in which he was trained with the monumental forms of the Roman school.

c. 1485 – 21 June 1547

In Bulgarian, mojibake is often called majmunica (маймуница), meaning "monkey's [alphabet]". In Serbian, it is called đubre (ђубре), meaning "trash".

In German, Buchstabensalat ("letter salad") is a common term for this phenomenon, and in Spanish, deformación (literally deformation).

Mojibake means "character transformation" in Japanese. The word is composed of 文字 (moji, IPA: [mod͡ʑi]), "character" and 化け (bake, IPA: [bäke̞], pronounced "bah-keh"), "transform".

Formal definition

arrow coming in from nowhere

xecution may be immediate as in a synchronous callback, or it might happen at a later point in t

function .mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}main), deferred callbacks may be invoked after a function returns. Deferred callbacks are often used in the context of I/O operations or event handling, and are called by interrupts or by a different thread in case of multiple threads. Due to their nature, blocking callbacks can work without interrupts or multiple threads

prolonged illness

Examples include the steam engine, railroad, interchangeable parts, electricity, electronics, material handling, mechanization, control theory (automation), the automobile, the computer, the Internet, medicine, and artificial intelligence

Eternal September or the September that never ended[1] is Usenet slang for a period beginning in September 1993,[2][3] the month that Internet service provider America Online (AOL) began offering Usenet access to its many users, overwhelming the existing culture for online forums.

ned and otherwise limited by law in many jurisdictions, abortions continue to be common in many areas, even where they are illegal. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), abortion rates are similar in countries where the pro

In 2014, Tabriz started an effort to drive adoption of HTTPS on the web.[13][14] In 2015, less than 50% of traffic seen by Chrome was over HTTPS, and by 2019, the percentage of HTTPS traffic had increased to 73-95% across all platforms.[15] Tabriz has spoken out against government interception of HTTPS connections on the public Internet.[16]

constitutional law

Rome's history spans 28 centuries. While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at around 753 BC, the site has been inhabited for much longer, making it one of the oldest continuously occupied cities in Europe

Jump to navigation Jump to search 2000 single by Boyz II Men 2000 single by Boyz II Men"Thank You in Advance"Single by Boyz II Menfrom the album Nathan Michael Shawn WanyaReleasedDecember 12, 2000Recorded2000GenreContemporary R&BLength4:11LabelUniversalSongwriter(s)Shep CrawfordProducer(s)Shep CrawfordBoyz II Men singles chronology "Pass You By" (2000) "Thank You in Advance" (2000) "The Color of Love" (2002) "Thank You in Advance" is the second single from the album Nathan Michael Shawn Wanya by Ame

If a book has been in print for forty years, I can expect it to be in print for another forty years. But, and that is the main difference, if it survives another decade, then it will be expected to be in print another fifty years. This, simply, as a rule, tells you why things that have been around for a long time are not "aging" like persons, but "aging" in reverse. Every year that passes without extinction doubles the additional life expectancy. This is an indicator of some robustness. The robustness of an item is proportional to its life!

The Snowy Day

CLU is a member of the small heat shock protein family

Therefore, the transition to the true vacuum must be stimulated by the creation of high-energy particles

Q = 12 n k ( k + 1 ) ∑ j = 1 k ( r ¯ ⋅ j − k + 1 2 ) 2 {\displaystyle Q={\frac {12n}{k(k+1)}}\sum _{j=1}^{k}\left({\bar {r}}_{\cdot j}-{\frac {k+1}{2}}\right)^{2}} . Note

is the rank of x i j {\displaystyle x_{ij}}

Find the values r ¯ ⋅ j = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n r i j {\displaystyle {\bar {r}}_{\cdot j}={\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}{r_{ij}}}

Andrew Dalby considers the opening pages of the Symposium the best depiction in any ancient Greek source of the way texts are transmitted by oral tradition without writing. It shows how an oral text may have no simple origin, and how it can be passed along by repeated tellings, and by different narrators, and how it can be sometimes verified, and sometimes corrupted.[13] The story of the symposium is being told by Apollodorus to his friend. Apollodorus was not himself at the banquet, but he heard the story from Aristodemus, a man who was there. Also, Apollodorus was able to confirm parts of the story with Socrates himself, who was one of the speakers at the banquet.[14] A story that Socrates narrates, when it is his turn to speak, was told to Socrates by a woman named Diotima, a philosopher and a priestess.[10]

Jürgen Habermas (UK: /ˈhɑːbərmæs/, US: /-mɑːs/;[4] German: [ˈjʏʁɡn̩ ˈhaːbɐmaːs];[5][6] born 18 June 1929) is a German philosopher and sociologist in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism. His work addresses communicative rationality and the public sphere.

Trypsinization is the process of cell dissociation

Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self (Routledge, 1989, Second edition, Free Associations, 1999)

However, it was finally recovered in observations made in 2010 and 2011.

Under John, the empire's population recovered to about 10 million people.[2] The quarter-century of John II's reign is less well recorded by contemporary or near-contemporary writers than the reigns of either his father, Alexios I, or his son, Manuel I. In particular little is known of the history of John's domestic rule or policies.[a]

Ontology is the branch of philosophy that studies concepts such as existence, being, becoming, and reality. It includes the questions of how entities are grouped into basic categories and which of these entities exist on the most fundamental level. Ontology is traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics.

Cosmic uncertainty

The classic textbook example of the use of backtracking is the eight queens puzzle, that asks for all arrangements of eight chess queens on a standard chessboard so that no queen attacks any other.

long to the Guadeloupe amazon. In 1905, a species of extinct violet macaw was also claimed to have lived on Guadeloupe, but in 2015 it was suggested to have been based on a description of the Guadeloupe amazon.

Asia was in the United States on 6 February

unknown exactly where the outbreak first started

food shortages

The virus spreads mainly through the air

Credit markets are pumped-up in order to supply the average consumer with more capital or buying power without increasing wages/decreasing profits

77% of corporate profit growth between the dot-com bubble's peak in 2000 to the American housing bubble's peak in 2007 derived from wage deflation

assuming value is tied to the amount of labor necessary, the value of the physical output would decrease relative to the value of production capital invested. In response, the average rate of industrial profit would therefore tend to decline in the longer term

Metcalfe's law

Deleuze and Guattari use the terms "rhizome" and "rhizomatic" (from Ancient Greek ῥίζωμα, rhízōma, "mass of roots") to describe theory and research that allows for multiple, non-hierarchical entry and exit points in data representation and interpretation. In A Thousand Plateaus, they oppose it to an arborescent (hierarchic, tree-like)

Juan Benet (computer scientist)

if many topics are treated, then there shall be text that relates each topic to each other,

and the article shall neatly integrate, (not contradict, not overlap)

By the time the Roman comic playwright Plautus wrote his plays two centuries later, the use of characters to define dramatic genres was well established.[38] His Amphitryon begins with a prologue in which Mercury claims that since the play contains kings and gods, it cannot be a comedy and must be a tragicomedy.[39]

On this basis, a distinction between the individuals represented in tragedy and in comedy arose: tragedy, along with epic poetry, is "a representation of serious people" (1449b9—10), while comedy is "a representation of people who are rather inferior"

For (i) tragedy is a representation not of human beings but of action and life. Happiness and unhappiness lie in action, and the end [of life] is a sort of action, not a quality; people are of a certain sort according to their characters, but happy or the opposite according to their actions.

A recurring character or supporting character often and frequently appears from time to time during the series' run.[22] Recurring characters often play major roles in more than one episode, sometimes being the main focus. A guest or minor character is one who acts only in a few episodes or scenes. Unlike regular characters, the guest ones do not need to be carefully incorporated into the storyline with all its ramifications: they create a piece of drama and then disappear without consequences to the narrative structure, unlike core characters, for which any significant conflict must be traced during a considerable time, which is often seen as an unjustified waste of resources.[23] There may also be a continuing or recurring guest character.[24] Sometimes a guest or minor character may gain unanticipated popularity and turn into a regular or main one;[25] this is known as a breakout character.[26][27]

In television, a regular, main or ongoing character is a character who appears in all or a majority of episodes, or in a significant chain of episodes of the series

the protagonist of A Christmas Carol. At the start of the story, he is a bitter miser, but by the end of the tale, he transforms into a kind-hearted, generous man.

An author can create a character using the basic character archetypes which are common to many cultural traditions: the father figure, mother figure, hero, and so on

Other authors, especially for historical fiction, make use of real people and create fictional stories revolving around their lives,

The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work

The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person, in which case the distinction of a "fictional" versus "real" character may be made.

simultaneous

We had breakfast while we were waiting for the rain to stop, and I can still envision sitting with the Clowns in a restaurant behind Griffith Stadium and hearing them break all the plates in the kitchen after we finished eating. What a horrible sound. Even as a kid, the irony of it hit me: here we were in the capital in the land of freedom and equality, and they had to destroy the plates that had touched the forks that had been in the mouths of black men. If dogs had eaten off those plates, they'd have washed them.[25]

He started play as a 6 ft (180 cm), 180 lb (82 kg) shortstop,[22] and earned $200 per month.[23] As a result of his standout play with the Indianapolis Clowns, Aaron received two offers from MLB teams via telegram, one from the New York Giants and the other from the Boston Braves. Years later, Aaron remembered:

He was the recipient of death threats and a large assortment of hate mail during the 1973–1974 offseason from people who did not want to see Aaron break Ruth's nearly sacrosanct home run record.[61] The threats extended to those providing positive press coverage of Aaron. Lewis Grizzard, then executive sports editor of the Atlanta Journal, reported receiving numerous phone calls calling journalists "nigger lovers" for covering Aaron's chase. While preparing the massive coverage of the home run record, he quietly had an obituary written, afraid that Aaron might be murdered.[62]

Aaron (then age 39) hit 40 home runs in 392 at-bats, ending the 1973 season one home run short of the record. He hit home run number 713 on September 29, 1973, and with one day remaining in the season, many expected him to tie the record. But in his final game that year, playing against the Houston Astros (managed by Leo Durocher, who had once roomed with Babe Ruth), he was unable to achieve this. After the game, Aaron said his only fear was that he might not live to see the 1974 season.[60]

Although he batted cross-handed (as a right-handed hitter, with his left hand above his right), Aaron established himself as a power hitter. As a result, in 1949, at the age of 15, Aaron had his first tryout with an MLB franchise, the Brooklyn Dodgers;

He had seven siblings.[8] Tommie Aaron, one of his brothers, also went on to play Major League Baseball. By the time Aaron retired, he and his brother held the record for most career home runs by a pair of siblings (768). They were also the first siblings to appear in a League Championship Series as teammates.[11]

Aaron fifth on its list of the "100 Greatest Baseball Players

Aaron suffered from arthritis and had a partial hip replacement after a fall in 2014.

On January 8, 2001, Aaron was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bill Clinton.[112] He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, from President George W. Bush in June 2002.[113] In 2001, a recreational trail in Milwaukee connecting Miller Park with Lake Michigan along the Menomonee River was dedicated as the "Hank Aaron State Trail". Aaron attended the dedication. Aaron was on the Board of Selectors of Jefferson Awards for Public Service.[114]

His 755 career home runs broke the long-standing MLB record set by Babe Ruth and stood as the most for 33 years; Aaron still holds many other MLB batting records. He hit 24 or more home runs every year from 1955 through 1973, and is one of only two players to hit 30 or more home runs in a season at least fifteen times.[