Perspectiae and continuity. Correct perspective is es-sential t o sound critical malysis and interpretation. Thehistorical writer must always keep the time element clearlyin mind, and must recognize that an estimate of any histori-cal ersonage or event is determined in no small measureby t1e time or the conditions under which the person livedor the event occurred

Stigmergy (/ˈstɪɡmərdʒi/ STIG-mər-jee) is a mechanism of indirect coordination, through the environment, between agents or actions.

Touch not only impacts short-term development during infancy and early childhood but also has long-term effects, suggesting the power of positive gentle touch from birth.

temperature

, and they seem to prefer their mother’s voice over a stranger’s voice

Through touch, infants learn about their world, bond with their caregiver, and communicate their needs and wants.

requires much more practice

Infants who have experience crawling and exploring will pay greater attention to visual cues of depth and modify their actions accordingly

At about 4 months of age, the infant is able to reach for an object, first with both arms and within a few weeks, with only one arm.

When the infants heard their mother’s voice, they sucked more strongly at the pacifier

seated in a carrier

reach and grasp an object

This may be easier than reaching for an object with the hands, which requires much more practice

Every basic motor skill (any movement ability) develops over the first two years of life.

the pincer grasp)

Newborns have difficulty distinguishing between colors, but within a few months are able to distinguish between colors as well as adults

 At about 4 months of age, the infant is able to reach for an object

Chances are you look into their eyes

The womb is a dark environment void of visual stimulation

Touch not only impacts short-term development during infancy and early childhood but also has long-term effects, suggesting the power of positive gentle touch from birth

Touch not only impacts short-term development

Touch not only impacts short-term development during infancy and early childhood but also has long-term effects, suggesting the power of positive gentle touch from birth.

Although vision is their least developed sense, newborns already show a preference for faces.

Responds to own nam

and they seem to prefer their mother’s voice over a stranger’s voice

When the infants heard their mother’s voice, they sucked more strongly at the pacifier (Mills & Melhuish, 1974).

Different people have different responses to technology, even on the same platform. Scholars call this phenomenon “differential susceptibility” to media effects among a subgroup of people, and it holds equally for the differential well-being and mental health impacts of social media on young adults.

Continual engagement with the mental rigors of modern life coincided in many parts of the world with improving nutrition, rising living conditions and reduced exposure to pathogens. These factors produced a century-long climb in average I.Q. scores — a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect, after James Flynn, the political philosopher who identified it.

The mechanical clock, which came into common use in the 14th century, provides a compelling example. In Technics and Civilization, the historian and cultural critic Lewis Mumford  described how the clock “disassociated time from human events and helped create the belief in an independent world of mathematically measurable sequences.” The “abstract framework of divided time” became “the point of reference for both action and thought.”

The truth is, none of us are born scientists. When we say "children are natural scientists", what we mean is that they're naturally inquisitive and willing to experiment in ways adults are generally trained out of. We have to be taught to channel that inquisitiveness into productive pathways, both in STEM and non-STEM fields. And we have to do a helluva lot better at not reinforcing the message that scientists are intrinsically smarter than non-scientists, and that only the geniuses can do science.

By the end of his research, Leclaire was left in no doubt. For him, “athletic performance is largely determined by genetics and specifically ACTN3, the so-called ‘sprint gene’”. The ACTN3 was discovered for the first time by a team of Australian researchers in 2003. It is a gene present in all humans in two forms, either the RR form which helps speed, or the RX form which aids endurance. “Since its discovery, a lot of research has shown that the RR form of the gene gives those who hold it explosive muscle power when the body is put under a certain amount of physical stress, so it’s a natural predisposition for sprinters,” Leclaire explained. “If you had a weak form of ACTN 3, it would be impossible to match the great sprinters,” he said. Leclaire concluded that the genes favourable for sprinting are more commonly found in those of West African origin. There are exceptions, of course, which explains how French sprinter Lemaitre has been able to compete in the same class as the likes of Bolt and fellow Jamaican sprinter Yohan Blake. “Lemaitre posesses the same genetic combinations that you find in most of the athletes of West African origin. He is the exception that confirms the rule,” Leclaire said. East Africa, by contrast, is the land of the long-distance runner. Author John Entine believes genetics also explains the continuing supremacy of Kenya’s runners in long distance races. “They are short and slender with huge natural lung capacity and a preponderance of slow twitch muscles, the energy system for endurance sports,” Entine wrote on the website blackathlete.net. “It’s a perfect biomechanical package for long-distance running but a disaster for sports that require anaerobic bursts of speed.”

The director of the Copenhagen Muscle Research Institute, Bengt Saltin, believes an athlete's “environment” can account for 20 to 25 percent of his speed, but that the rest is down to birth.

character is affected