370 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. For nature so prepost'rously to err,

      Fundamental problem: Othello x Desdemona is unnatural and bending the laws of nature -- but Brabantio alienated diminishes this idea in the mind of the reader.

    2. Is of so flood-gate and o'erbearing natureThat it engluts and swallows other sorrowsAnd it is still itself.

      Exaggerated emotions in the form of water and nature -- what could this mean? ALSO, Shows the role of emotion in this political setting, which is a recurring motif of overlap in personal and political decisions that runs throughout. How do you make a good ruler, leader who does not impulsively use personal emotion to decide in political circumstances? Reminds me of Hitler

  2. Mar 2024
    1. In Frankreich beginnt in dieser Woche eine öffentliche Debatte um ein großes lithium-bergbauprojekt im zentralmassiv. Der umfassende Artikel beleuchtet eine Vielzahl von Aspekten des lithium-Abbaus und der zunehmenden Opposition dagegen, die eng mit dem Kampf gegen die individuelle motorisierte Mobilität verbunden ist. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/course-au-lithium-made-in-france-une-opportunite-a-saisir-ou-un-mirage-ecologique-20240310_FQOVXTBNKJC5NJ7EZI2UQKOAIY/in

  3. Feb 2024
    1. “How do you like it?” he asked the serving-man.“Roses occasionally suffer from black spot.”“These roses are guaranteed free from any imperfections.”“It is always advisable to purchase goods with guarantees, even if they cost slightly more.”

      Humans reject any imperfection, even if it means, in this case, a more artificial rose. The last sentence could be a subtle commentary on human nature and our pursuit of both perfection and security. 

    1. Die globale Erhitzung trifft die Bevölkerung in der Nähe des Titicacasees vor allem aufgrund der Verlandung des Sees. Übernutzung des Wassers in den Zuflüssen der Umgebung wirkt dabei verstärkend. Fiscchfang und Formen der traditionellen Landwirtschaft wie der Kartoffelanbau funktionieren zunehmend weniger, so dass z.B. auf Milchwirtschaft mit Zufütterung von Soja umgestiegen wird. Reportage zu den komplexen ökologisch-sozialen Veränderungen. https://taz.de/Klimawandel-in-Lateinamerika/!5989226/

    1. Sizilien leidet gerade unter extremer Trockenheit, die zu großen Einbußen bei der Orangenernte führt. Sie gehört zu einem anhaltenden Prozess der Aridifizierung, durch den sich die Bedingungen in Sizilien immer mehr denen im heutigen Algerien annähern. Ausführlicher Bericht in der Repubblica über die mangelnde Vorbereitung der Region auf zunehmenden Wasserstress, unter anderem die mangelnde Aufgeschlossenheit für die Regeneration von Böden und Gewässern, wie sie das Nature Restoration Law der EU vorsieht. https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/dossier/siccita--gestione-acqua/2024/02/08/news/siccita_sicilia_arance-422075670/

  4. Jan 2024
    1. in hishistory of such ideas, Darwin Among the Machines, George Dysonwarns: “In the game of life and evolution there are three players at thetable: human beings, nature, and machines. I am firmly on the side ofnature. But nature, I suspect, is on the side of the machines.”
    1. LET'S LEARN FROM THE ANTS

      This post discusses the importance of unity, love, respect, and preparation, using ants as a role model, in order to achieve success in life.

    2. LET'S LEARN FROM THE ANTS
      • Who: The author (West Africa Curation), @oxygen02 (illustration), and the Ants.
      • What: Learning from the Ants' love, unity, respect, and preparation.
      • Where: Africa.
      • Why: To achieve greater things in life
      • How: By observing and emulating the Ants' behavior and characteristics.
    1. These can then be used to develop a definition that states the essence of the living thing—what makes it what it is and thus cannot be altered; the essence is, of course, immutable.
    2. The Aristotelian method dominated classification until the 19th century. His scheme was, in effect, that the classification of a living thing by its nature—i.e., what it really is, as against superficial resemblances—requires the examination of many specimens, the discarding of variable characters (since they must be accidental, not essential), and the establishment of constant characters.
  5. Dec 2023
    1. Durch einen 1,4 Milliarden Euro Deal besteht die Möglichkeit, die Doñana-Region in Andalusien, Europas größtes Feuchtgebiet, zu bewahren. Die Gegend, zu der einen Nationalpark gehört, leidet vor allem unter Wasser Stress. Der Deal soll einen auch symbolisch wichtigen Konflikt beenden, bei dem konservative und reaktionäre politische Kräfte die Bauern unterstützt hatten, die illegal Wasser für Erdbeer- und Himbeer-Anbau verwendet haben. Die spanische Umweltministerin Teresa Ribeira erklärt ausführlich Prinzipien einer Green transition, die so durchgeführt wird, dass die Lebensbedingungen in einer Region verbessert werden und die Bevölkerung sie unterstützt. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/27/spain-environment-minister-hails-andalucia-wetlands-deal-green-transition

    1. Na-ture, from being specialist, has becomeworld-conscious, so that now it is almosthaunted week by week by the question:"What are we to do, before it is too late,to make what we know and our way ofthinking effective in world affairs?"
    1. I think part and you see this kind of delicate dance that when things are going uh uh too slow so people vote in a more 00:25:29 liberal Administration that will speed things up and will be more creative Bolder in its social experiments and when things go too fast then you say okay liberals you had your chance now 00:25:41 let's bring the conservatives to slow down a little and and have a bit of of a breath
      • for: insight - conservative vs liberal - speed of sdopting social norm

      • insight

        • liberals are voted in to speed up adoption of a new social -
        • conservatives are voted in to slow down the acceptance of a social norm
        • paradoxically, humans have both a conservative and a liberal nature. We naturally have a tendency to both conserve and to try new things.
  6. Nov 2023
    1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fP4zFQMXSw

      The fun things usually happen at the messy edges. This description of zettelkasten is a perfect encapsulation of this, though it's not necessarily on the surface.

      This is a well done encapsulation of what a zettelkasten. Watch it once, then practice for a bit. Knowing the process is dramatically different from practicing it. Too many people want perfection (perfection for them and from their perspective) and they're unlikely to arrive at it by seeing examples of others. The examples may help a bit, but after you've seen a few, you're not going to find a lot of insight without practicing it to see what works for you.

      This could be compared with epigenetic factors with respect to health. The broad Rx may help, but epigenetic factors need to be taken into account.

    1. Zum stark verwässerten und wenig verbindlichen Renaturierungsgesetz der EU stellt die taz fest, die EU sei als verlässliche Partnerin für die ökologische Transformation ausgefallen. Es bleibt nur noch die kommunale Ebene. https://taz.de/Schwaches-EU-Renaturierungsgesetz/!5972203/

    1. In dem sogenannten Trilog-Verfahren haben sich Vertreter:innen des europäischen Parlaments und der europäischen Kommission auf eine endgültige Version des Nature Restoration Laws geeinigt, durch die bis 2030 20% der Land- und Wasserflächen der-unter Schutz gestellt bzw. wiederhergestellt werden sollen. Vor allem aufgrund des Einflusses der europäischen Volkspartei wurde die von der Kommission vorgelegte Version des Gesetzes stark verwässert. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/10/eu-strikes-landmark-deal-nature-restoration-law

    1. : Why do you think it is so hard for people to awaken to the true nature of things, even after being told of scientific research or after having a personal experience of no-self? FV: My hypothesis is that evolution has shaped human beings to disregard the basic sources of our being. We were built to forget how we were put together.
      • for: evolution - forgetting our non-self nature, adjacency - evolution - non-self - Fransisco Verella, adjacency - evolution - no-self - Fransisco Verella

      • adjacency between

        • evolution
        • non-self
        • Francisco Verella
      • adjacency statement
        • Verella makes the interesting claim that evolution designer is to be blind to our lack of self
        • in fact, major evolutionary transitions in individuality embed the creation of a new higher order individual at each major stage of transition.
        • More fundamentally, major evolutionary transitions to individuals at each level need to define a biological self through a new physiological boundary between what constitutes a new unitary individual "self" (our inner world) and the rest of the environment ( our new outer world)
        • It will be interesting to see how Verella's claim reconcile with that
    1. The law of nature allows us to regulate our own action, but also allows each to regulate others: if some people violate this natural law, each and every one of us can put ourselves in the position of a judge and punish the offender

      laws to control the state of nature

    2. critics argue that human beings act based on their passions and desires rather than reason.

      such as Hobbes

    3. individuals own themselves and their bodies, which gives them freedom.

      right to your own body only, not others

    4. the laws of nature, which forbid us from harming others or their property, provide a form of order in the state of nature.

      property is accepted into normal life, compared to life

    5. humans are essentially rational beings and can live in peace with each other without a strong government.

      more optimistic view of human nature, but still focused on rationality and reason (enlightenment values).

    6. Locke believed that humans could live peacefully with each other and regulate themselves according to natural laws, even without a governing power

      state of nature isn't necessarily needing to be solved by bringing in a common power

  7. Oct 2023
    1. but individuals have an obligation to obey the ruler regardless of any specific agreemen

      blurry idea of consent means that transition from state of war/nature to good society is not so clear after all?

    2. fear can lead people to give their consent to the sovereign

      isnt that just cont the state of nature/war as fear

    3. nternational anarchy and the lack of barriers to expansion may have contributed to the relegation of Indigenous peoples outside the community of states.

      realism

    4. tion's population becomes too large for its institutions to support, it is acceptable for them to establish colonies elsewhere
    5. acial hierarchy
    6. Hobbes believed that before governments were established, people had the right to do whatever they needed to survive.This idea could be used to justify colonialism and expansion

      but isnt he saying its bad??

    7. state of nature and how it relates to international relations

      realism anarchy

    8. natural parental authority and the rights of mothers.

      this is interesting cos not only does he include the personal into the political which seems a bit contradictory, but also in his awful state of nature i would argue that women still occupy similar roles so what does this have to do with his perfect society?

    9. aws of nature are consistent with Christian teachings
    10. desires for the greater good.

      does this really fit with previous assertions of self-interest. what research did this guy do?

    11. moral system proposed by Hobbes

      moral system based upon human nature what now??

    12. reason and the pursuit of peace

      colonial perception of human nature based on reason and rationality.

    13. ere is constant insecurity and no room for progress or civilization

      idea of progress and civilisation is still in use today in histeographical books and promotes a colonial view of the world

    14. umans had equal rights to everything, even if someone else took something first

      right to nature

    15. ntial threat to each other and there is no way to generate a hierarchy or enforceable moral standards.

      but how does this sovereign come about then?

    16. state of nature where there is no political power and life is characterized by conflict and equality.
    17. mechanism like the state is needed to enforce common terms and definitions about the world

      having a state, a sovereign gives meaning to things, without it there is nothing meaningful so anything (bad) can happen

    18. cooperation between people can only happen if it is in their self-interest
    19. ception of the world is influenced by physical stimuli and that there is no universal or objective experience of things.Our responses to the world are unique to us and influenced by how our bodies react to stimuli.Hobbes believed that all human actions are driven by our passions and desires.

      he does acknowledge the influence of other things on us so it is kind of convincing

    20. rong government, there would be constant war and death

      no one to lead

    1. this Earth shot as we call it that we're aiming for at Earth species project is for machine learning to decode non-human communication and then that new knowledge and understanding that results 00:06:42 from that would reset our relationship with the rest of Nature and you know this is a to me a really compelling as a potential unlock in addressing the biodiversity and climate crisis that 00:06:56 we're saying to help us find new ways to Coexist on the planet with other species
      • for: quote, quote - ESP, quote - interspecies communication, quote - Katie Zacarian, interspecies communication, reconnecting with nature, Stop Reset Go

      • quote

        • this Earth shot as we call it that we're aiming for at Earth species project is for
          • machine learning to decode non-human communication and then
          • that new knowledge and understanding that results from that would RESET our relationship with the rest of Nature
        • and you know this is a to me a really compelling as a potential unlock in addressing the
          • biodiversity and
          • climate crisis
        • that we're saying to help us find new ways to Coexist on the planet with other species
    1. Die Extremwetter-Ereignisse dieses Jahres entsprechen den Vorhersagen der Klimawissenschaft. Der Guardian hat dazu zahlreichende Forschende befragt und viele Statements in einem multimedialen Artikel zusammengestellt. Alle Befragten stimmen darin überein, dass die Verbrennung fossiler Brennstoffe sofort beendet werden muss, um eine weitere Verschlimmerung zu stoppen. Festgestellt wird auch, dass die Verwundbarkeit vieler Communities bisher unterschätzt worden ist. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/28/crazy-off-the-charts-records-has-humanity-finally-broken-the-climate

  8. Sep 2023
    1. n the autumn, as the meadows were not mown, the grass withered as it stood, falling this way and that,

      even though human society has been largely wiped out, there is a beautifulness in the way that the dystopian landscape is described.

    1. It was a radically different idea of nature and a radically different idea of the Unconscious—which were for Jung, the same thing. The Unconscious was no more than the inwardness of nature. For Freud it was the reject-matter of civilization, and the whole purpose of his psychology was to enable men to reject it more firmly. For Jung, the Unconscious was Mother; and the Oedipus myth was concerned with man’s troubled relationship (for he has to leave her) to that great, unconscious source.

      Unconscious as nature (“mother”) for Jung — awfulness of humanity, repressed, for Freud

  9. Aug 2023
    1. Adam Smith stated the case long ago: "A man withoutthe proper use of the intellectual faculties of a man, is, ifpossible, more contemptible than even a coward, and seemsto be mutilated and deformed in a still more essential part ofthe character of human nature."

      This seems apropos to the situation in which I view Donald J. Trump.

  10. Jul 2023
    1. here's also a kind of Shadow side to this approach which is which we could call maybe religios as opposed to religious in in 00:03:51 English it's religious o-s-e adjective and um this is very very common actually in ecological language whether it's in newspapers or books or anything music art anything that says that there needs 00:04:05 to be a very profound sudden massive change in ourselves um is is I think a dangerous
      • for: progress trap, unintended consequence, ecological realization, ecological awakening
        • claim
          • the idea that we need a profound, sudden and massive change in ourselves in a dangerous notion
          • comment
            • why?
            • it presumes we have a deficit as an ecological being
            • when in actual fact, we cannot be otherwise
            • so instead, our job is to awaken our already ecological nature
            • by this, we mean our deep, intrinsic ecological nature as ecological (interdependent) beings
            • we humans have a strange and very limited kind of interdependence, which is exploitative to other people and other species
            • we have to become aware of that culturally conditioned limitation
    1. Der Standard interviewt den deutschen Ökologen Josef Settele zum Renaturierungsgesetz der EU. Settele gehört zu den 6000 Wissenschaftlerinnen, die sich in einem offenen Brief für die Verabschiedung des Gesetzes ausgesprochen haben. Er bedauert, dass es Abstriche beim Schutz von Ökosystemen gab und weist darauf hin, das mit diesem Gesetz die Verpflichtung zum Schutz von 30% der Gesamtfläche noch bei weitem nicht erfüllt ist. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000179484/das-gesetz-sichert-unsere-ern228hrung

      Offener Brief von 6000 Wissenschaftler:innen zur Unterstützung des Nature Restoration Law: https://zenodo.org/record/8128624

  11. bafybeihzua2lldmlutkxlie7jfppxheow6my62x2qmywif2wukoswo5hqi.ipfs.w3s.link bafybeihzua2lldmlutkxlie7jfppxheow6my62x2qmywif2wukoswo5hqi.ipfs.w3s.link
    1. forms might be asso-ciated with structures
      • comment
        • A Deep Humanity analog to the word "structure" is the word "pattern"
        • Hence we have the equivalency:
          • platonic form = structure = pattern
        • and the author's prior statement that
          • These mental and subsequently materialized ideas then
          • have the potential to
            • influence the physical world and to
              • feedback into the mental world to produce additional structure and
              • physical material
        • is equivalent to Indyweb / Deep Humanity statement that
          • individual and collective learning are deeply entangled
          • cumulative cultural evolution is mediated through this entanglement
          • that is best represented by the idea of dependent origination
          • individuals articulate ideas and externally present them to other consciousnesses
          • a multi-meaningverse exists whenever social learning occurs and
            • multiple perspectives, multiple meaningverses converge
          • each individual perspective surfaces their own adjacencies of ideas drawn from their own salience landscape
            • which in turn emerge from their own respective unique lebenswelt
        • We might also say that to the degree that internal patterns of the symbolosphere correlate with external patterns of the physiosphere, then
        • that is the degree to which the universal pattern manifests in both nature nature and in human nature
        • since humans (human nature) are an expression of nature (nature nature), we should not expect otherwise
  12. Jun 2023
  13. May 2023
    1. I am skeptical of this idea that we can escape our human nature I think that's a 00:38:01 that's that's a hubris that that that's the sort of hubris which and you know the ancient Greeks had
      • Comment
        • Mary Harrington believes it is hubris to believe we can escape our human nature.
        • I believe that cultural evolution is complex
          • We learn and change behavior over the course of even one life time
  14. Apr 2023
    1. Power is in nature the essential measure of right. Nature suffers nothing to remain in her kingdoms which cannot help itself. The genesis and maturation of a planet, its poise and orbit, the bended tree recovering itself from the strong wind, the vital resources of every animal and vegetable, are demonstrations of the self-sufficing, and therefore self-relying soul.

      the self-reliance of the soul as evidenced in nature.

  15. Mar 2023
    1. Mother Earth will retaliate, the whole environment will retaliate, and the abusers will be eliminated.
      • In Other Words...
      • nature fights back
    2. But rationality is a curse since it can cause humans to forget the natural order of things in ways other creatures do not. A wolf never forgets his or her place in the natural order. American Indians can. Europeans almost always do. We pray our thanks to the deer, our relations, for allowing us their flesh to eat; Europeans simply take the flesh for granted and consider the deer inferior. After all, Europeans consider themselves godlike in their rationalism and science.
      • Comment

      • The lack of reverence for other living beings is evident in modernity's transactional view of nature.

      • The word "natural resource" betrays modernity's objectification of nature.
      • From this perspective, nature is for humans to exploit
  16. Feb 2023
    1. warfare
      • Comment
      • Observation
        • it is known that warfare is a significant source of technological innovation
        • this can be explained by evolutionary biology
        • our instruct for survival is strongest in ( inter-species) conflict
        • such is the deep irony of human progress
        • now, in the Anthropocene, humanity is waging another war for survival, caused by our war against nature
      • we can characterized this war as a war against past ignorance
    1. reply to Share the ideas dancing in your ZK with us. February 17, 2023

      Congratulations @Will on the milestone! @ctietze's analogy with smithwork is fantastic. I might also liken it to the point in acquiring a new language when one begins dreaming in their new target language. So many talk about the idea of increased productivity associated with having a zk, but most spend an inordinate amount of time on shiny object syndrome or over complicating it and never get to the point of quickly writing things out, filing them, and being able to trust that their system will just work™. When you no longer notice it anymore and it has become second nature is when the real fun (and magic) begins to happen. It also seems easier and more natural to break the "rules" once you've internalized the basics. We should spend more time talking about the value of 'zettelkasten fluency'.

      I'm excited this week to be doing some work in areas of the history of misinformation, cultural myths, and 'American exceptionalism' in preparation for Dan Allosso's upcoming book club on Kruse and Zelizer's new edited book. I suspect he'll announce it shortly at https://danallosso.substack.com/ if folks are interested in joining in the discussion/sensemaking.

      Kruse, Kevin M., and Julian E. Zelizer. Myth America: Historians Take On the Biggest Legends and Lies About Our Past. Basic Books, 2023.

    1. How much of our creativity and authorial voice is based on our own experiences and material we've read, watched, listened to?

  17. Jan 2023
    1. social, political and institutional mechanisms.

      !- Comment : Bruce Jennings - Jennings addresses precisely these mechanisms in his essay "Entangling Humanism - https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fhumansandnature.org%2Fentangling-humanism%2F&group=world

    2. eading evolutionary theorist David Sloan Wilson and influential economist Dennis Snower have long advocated for an improved understanding of economics as a complex system. Across a recent series of major articles, they argue for a paradigm shift away from the orthodox, neoclassical model of economics, which focuses on individual challenges to be tackled through decisions by individual decision-makers and views ‘externalities’ as a phenomenon to be ‘corrected’ through government intervention, in favour of a new multilevel paradigm, based on insights from evolutionary science.

      !- Comment : similar aims to - This goal of shifting away from "individualism" to mutuality is also aligned with a number of other perspectives including: - Bruce Jennings - Entangling Humanism - https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fhumansandnature.org%2Fentangling-humanism%2F&group=world - David Loy - https://hyp.is/go?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdocdrop.org%2Fvideo%2F1Gq4HhUIDDk%2F&group=world

    1. This report distills the potential scale of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), expected costs, risks, co-benefits, and areas of research needed for seven ocean CDR approaches

      Informed Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal

  18. Dec 2022
    1. "#NatureBasedSolutions are a smart investment now more than ever."

      Five areas of nature-based solutions

    1. Concentrations of harmful chemicals have fallen 50% since 1980. Learn more about protecting the planet: http://ow.ly/uNfq50KZOvq

      World coming together in major global collaboration to close ozone layer.

  19. Nov 2022
    1. Hanf kann in der gleichen Zeit direkt so viel CO2 absorbieren wie Bäume und andere Pflanzen. Deshalb könnte er eine Schlüsselrolle in eine regenerativen Landwirtschaft haben. Um CO2 dauerhaft zu speichern, müssen aus den Pflanzen Baumaterialien und andere industrielle Rohstoffe hergestellt werden.

      University of York and Biorenewables Development Centre

  20. Oct 2022
    1. The information ecosystem is broken. Our political conversations are happening on infrastructure—Facebook, YouTube, Twitter—built for viral advertising. The velocity of social sharing, the power of recommendation algorithms, the scale of social networks, and the accessibility of media manipulation technology has created an environment where pseudo events, half-truths, and outright fabrications thrive. Edward Murrow has been usurped by Alex Jones.

      I believe the variable of lies and misinformation thriving in virality is based on the idea that negativity is more engaging and intriguing than positivity. When something stimulates a negative feeling such as fear or anxiety, people engage because they feel insecure whether it be relative to the condition of their environment or internal self-perception. For example, if you read something negative about the President, you care because you live in the United States and relate it to your own well-being. Further, if someone read negative articles about a person they envy, they may feel inclined to engage & share it because that person's success made them feel inferior. Unfortunately, negativity sells.

  21. Aug 2022
    1. The person who has acquired knowledge of a language has internalized asystem of rules that relate sound and meaning in a particular way.
    1. Perspectiae and continuity. Correct perspective is es-sential t o sound critical malysis and interpretation. Thehistorical writer must always keep the time element clearlyin mind, and must recognize that an estimate of any histori-cal ersonage or event is determined in no small measureby t1e time or the conditions under which the person livedor the event occurred
    1. Stigmergy (/ˈstɪɡmərdʒi/ STIG-mər-jee) is a mechanism of indirect coordination, through the environment, between agents or actions.

      Example: ant pheromone paths

      Within ants, there can be a path left for others to follow, but what about natural paths in our environment that influence us to take them because of the idea of the "path of least resistence" or the effects of having paved cow paths.

      Similarly being lead by "the company that you keep".

      relathionship to research on hanging out with fat people tending to make one fatter.

  22. www.janeausten.pludhlab.org www.janeausten.pludhlab.org
    1. autumnal months in the country

      Another link to Fanny Price who also enjoys seeing the seasons pass in the country

  23. Jul 2022
  24. bafybeicyqgzvzf7g3zprvxebvbh6b4zpti5i2m2flbh4eavtpugiffo5re.ipfs.dweb.link bafybeicyqgzvzf7g3zprvxebvbh6b4zpti5i2m2flbh4eavtpugiffo5re.ipfs.dweb.link
    1. From my own perspective, the conclusion is important that human structural development issubject to a categorical double bond: On the one hand, a person’s lifeworld is his or her ownsubjective construction. On the other hand, this construction is not arbitrary. In spite of allsubjectivity – because of the human’s structural coupling to its environment, this constructionis influenced and limited by the framework of this very environment (Kraus, 2013, p. 65ff.).

      !- in other words : lifeworld and life conditions, constructed and discoverable reality * We construct our lifeworld with our umwelt * https://hyp.is/go?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdocdrop.org%2Fvideo%2FG_0jJfliUvQ%2F&group=world * Each human senses the environment in a way unique to our species * Our personal evolution as an individual also causes us to treat unique aspects of the environment with higher salience than other aspects, forming our unique salience landscape * Yet, structural coupling constrains us to the laws of behavior of the environment * Hence, there is always a constructed part of our experience of reality and a non-constructed, discoverable part consisting of repeatable patterns of nature, culturally consolidated in human laws of nature

  25. Jun 2022
  26. May 2022
    1. bash $ curl -H 'Accept: application/ld+json' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1007/978-0-387-89976-3_10' { "@context": "https://springernature.github.io/scigraph/jsonld/sgcontext.json", "about": [ { "id": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/08", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/", "name": "Information and Computing Sciences", "type": "DefinedTerm" }, { "id": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/0806", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/", "name": "Information Systems", "type": "DefinedTerm" } ], "author": [ { "affiliation": { "alternateName": "Counseling, Educational, Psychology, and Special Education Department, Michigan State University, 461 Erickson Hall, 48824-1034, East Lansing, MI, USA", "id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.17088.36", "name": [ "Counseling, Educational, Psychology, and Special Education Department, Michigan State University, 461 Erickson Hall, 48824-1034, East Lansing, MI, USA" ], "type": "Organization" }, "familyName": "Reckase", "givenName": "Mark D.", "id": "sg:person.01166264366.27", "sameAs": [ "https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01166264366.27" ], "type": "Person" } ], "datePublished": "2009-05-22", "datePublishedReg": "2009-05-22", "description": "Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is a methodology for constructing a test, administering it to an examinee, and scoring the test using interactive computer technology. This methodology has a history that is as long as that of interactive computing. An early summary of CAT methods is given in Weiss (1974). A detailed description of the development of an operational application for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery is given in (Sands 1997). There are also several books available that describe the basic components of CAT procedures (Wainer, Dorans, Flaugher, Green, Mislevy, Steinberg and Thissen 1990; Parshall, Spray and Davey 2002; van der Linden and Glas 2000) so the basic details of the methodology are not presented here. A review of that literature will show that most of the current CAT methodology is based on the assumption that a unidimensional IRT model accurately represents the interaction between persons and test items. In this chapter, the generalization of the CAT methodology to the multidimensional case is considered. To provide a framework for this material, a brief summary of the conceptual basis for CAT is provided.", "genre": "chapter", "id": "sg:pub.10.1007/978-0-387-89976-3_10", "inLanguage": "en", "isAccessibleForFree": false, "isPartOf": { "isbn": [ "978-0-387-89975-6", "978-0-387-89976-3" ], "name": "Multidimensional Item Response Theory", "type": "Book" }, "keywords": [ "interactive computing", "computer technology", "interactive computer technology", "computerized adaptive testing", "Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery", "adaptive testing", "operational applications", "basic components", "computing", "unidimensional IRT model", "CAT methodology", "methodology", "test items", "IRT models", "CAT procedure", "technology", "basic details", "framework", "detailed description", "applications", "conceptual basis", "multidimensional case", "generalization", "testing", "examinees", "model", "items", "method", "description", "brief summary", "detail", "persons", "MIRT", "batteries", "test", "CAT method", "components", "assumption", "development", "chapter", "summary", "basis", "literature", "book", "procedure", "interaction", "Weiss", "cases", "review", "history", "materials", "Earlier summaries" ], "name": "Computerized Adaptive Testing Using MIRT", "pagination": "311-339", "productId": [ { "name": "dimensions_id", "type": "PropertyValue", "value": [ "pub.1046349288" ] }, { "name": "doi", "type": "PropertyValue", "value": [ "10.1007/978-0-387-89976-3_10" ] } ], "publisher": { "name": "Springer Nature", "type": "Organisation" }, "sameAs": [ "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89976-3_10", "https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1046349288" ], "sdDataset": "chapters", "sdDatePublished": "2022-05-10T10:51", "sdLicense": "https://scigraph.springernature.com/explorer/license/", "sdPublisher": { "name": "Springer Nature - SN SciGraph project", "type": "Organization" }, "sdSource": "s3://com-springernature-scigraph/baseset/20220509/entities/gbq_results/chapter/chapter_412.jsonl", "type": "Chapter", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89976-3_10" }

    1. schema:ScholarlyArticle is used to describe journal articles; schema:Chapter is used to describe book chapters; schema:Book is used to describe books; schema:Periodical is used to describe journals; schema:Person is used to describe researchers (e.g. authors, editors, grant recipients) schema:MonetaryGrant is used to describe awarded research grants; schema:MedicalStudy is used to describe clinical trials; sgo:Patent is used to describe patents.

  27. Apr 2022
    1. ☠️ Duygu Uygun-Tunc ☠️. (2020, October 24). A bit cliché but ppl will always find it cooler to point out that a given proposal is not the only one/has shortcomings/is not the Truth itself etc. Than making or improving a proposal. I keep being reminded of this every single day, esp on twitter. [Tweet]. @uygun_tunc. https://twitter.com/uygun_tunc/status/1319923563248353281

  28. Feb 2022
    1. Consequently, vision is the most poorly developed sense at birth

      The vision of a new born is poor because of the environment of the dark womb making this a nature over nurture.

  29. blogs.baruch.cuny.edu blogs.baruch.cuny.edu
    1. nd wat

      "clay" elicits ideas of rebirth and reformation; a new shape, a new you.

      "wattle" as well--is symbolically laden with anatomy connotations, but also can be reference to twings, and other images of nature.

  30. Jan 2022
    1. more exact movements of the hands and fingers and include the ability to reach and grasp an object

      we are born with fingers that we can move... hence, nature??

    2. temperature

      It’s a natural affect on human development

    3. They can distinguish between their mother’s scent and that of others

      They can distinguish between their mother’s scent and that of others.

    4.  In fact, an infant can distinguish between very similar sounds as early as one month after birth and can distinguish between a familiar and non-familiar voice even earlier

      I think it is nature.

    5. By 9 months, an infant can also watch a moving object, reach for it as it approaches, and grab it

      This is an example of nature, this ability to grab is created because of the design of the human hand.

    6.  At about 4 months of age, the infant is able to reach for an object, first with both arms and within a few weeks, with only one arm. Grasping an object involves the use of the fingers and palm, but no thumbs.

      Nature

    7. Newborns have difficulty distinguishing between colors, but within a few months are able to distinguish between colors as well as adults

      This is nature because it is generally true of all infants regardless of environment.

    8. involve the use of large muscle groups

      well... we are born with it, hence part of our nature??

    9.  Infants who have experience crawling and exploring will pay greater attention to visual cues of depth and modify their actions accordingly

      Nature

    10. Newborns do not scan objects this way; rather, they tend to look at the chin or another less detailed part of the face.

      Nature

    11. At about 4 months of age, the infant is able to reach for an object, first with both arms and within a few weeks, with only one arm. 

      Infants at this period of time develop this skill months after they are born to make precise movements with their body, such as reaching for objects.

    12. he womb is a dark environment void of visual stimulation. Consequently, vision is the most poorly developed sense at birth. 

      Nature

    13. this ability to hear is evidenced as soon as the 5th month of prenatal development

      This development is in your genes.

    14. In fact, an infant can distinguish between very similar sounds as early as one month after birth and can distinguish between a familiar and non-familiar voice even earlier.

      unless there is a genetic abnormality this would be the same for all babies

    15. Grasping an object involves the use of the fingers and palm, but no thumbs

      Based on design of the human hand.

    16. At about 4 months of age, the infant is able to reach for an object

      This is a sign of nature as a child is developing they can start to use more of their small muscle groups to grasp things

    17. Newborns do not scan objects this way; rather, they tend to look at the chin or another less detailed part of the face. However, by 2 or 3 months, they will seek more detail when visually exploring an object and begin showing preferences for unusual images over familiar ones, for patterns over solids, faces over patterns, and three-dimensional objects over flat images.

      Seems to be Nature to me.

    18. can distinguish between a familiar and non-familiar voice even earlier
    19. Consequently, vision is the most poorly developed sense at birth. 

      Genetics = nature

    20. binocular vision develops at about 2 months of age

      depth perception 2 months old

    21. These skills begin to develop first. Examples include moving to bring the chin up when lying on the stomach, moving the chest up, rocking back and forth on hands and knees. But it also includes exploring an object with one’s feet as many babies do, as early as 8 weeks of age, if seated in a carrier or other device that frees the hips.

      nature

    22. Newborns typically cannot see further than 8 to 16 inches away from their faces, have difficulty keeping a moving object within their gaze, and can detect contrast more than color differences

      I hope this is considered "nature"

    23. Even on the first day of life, infants orient to their mother’s odor and are soothed, when crying, by their mother’s odor
    24. (the pincer grasp

      This is nature because no one has to show you you can move like that, you discover it whatever culture you were born in

    25. Newborns have difficulty distinguishing between colors, but within a few months are able to distinguish between colors as well as adults

      colors coming into vision

    26. When the infants heard their mother’s voice, they sucked more strongly at the pacifier

      nature

    27. They can distinguish between their mother’s scent and that of others

      nature

    28. Newborns have difficulty distinguishing between colors,

      nature

    29. sense of touch is acute in infants and is essential to a baby’s growth of physical abilities, language and cognitive skills, and socio-emotional competency.

      Nature

    30. vision is the most poorly developed sense at birth

      Nature

    31.  Consequently, vision is the most poorly developed sense at birth.

      nature

    32. moving to bring the chin up when lying on the stomach

      Nature

    33. ?

      nature

    34. reach and grasp an object

      Nature

    35. bring the chin up when lying on the stomach,

      "Gross motor skills are voluntary movements that involve the use of large muscle groups."

    36. touch and temperature,

      happens to every newborn; the sensitive part

    37. show a preference for sweet flavors

      How did they find this out?

    38. Consequently, vision is the most poorly developed sense at birth. Newborns typically cannot see further than 8 to 16 inches away from their faces, have difficulty keeping a moving object within their gaze, and can detect contrast more than color differences.

      example of nature, unless their is an abnormality, this is how all babies begin to see 8-16 inches away from their faces

    39. exploring an object with one’s feet as many babies do,

      babies do this anywhere in the world, it is just a regular baby thing

    40. Immediately after birth, a newborn is sensitive to touch and temperature, and is also sensitive to pain, responding with crying and cardiovascular responses.

      Since this happens as soon as a baby is born, it has to be nature since nothing is influencing it's reaction into the world except for the biological makeup of the child.

    41. moving to bring the chin up when lying on the stomach

      I would classify this as nature

    42. Consequently, vision is the most poorly developed sense at birth.

      Vision being poor at birth is innate and not based on external factors

    1. The nature of technical writing is explained in "The nature of technical writing". Technical communication is something we do every day without even noticing. Having strong communication skills is beneficial in all areas of one's life, from personal to professional. From a business standpoint, communication is key to every transaction. Communicating effectively allows others and yourself to understand information at a faster and more accurate rate. A lack of communication skills leads to frequent misunderstandings and frustration.

    2. Technical communication/writing is something that has been around for a very long time. The earliest examples belong to Aristotle and his dictionary of "philosophical terms" and his summary of the "Doctrines of Pythagoras". World War I is considered the "Golden Age" of technical writing due to advances in medicine and aerospace.

    1. Different people have different responses to technology, even on the same platform. Scholars call this phenomenon “differential susceptibility” to media effects among a subgroup of people, and it holds equally for the differential well-being and mental health impacts of social media on young adults.

      Differential susceptibility is a technical term used to describe the ways that different people and different groups have different responses to technology even on the same platform. Similar versions of it can be applied to other areas outside of technology, which is but one target. Other areas include differential well-being and mental health.


      It could also be applied to drug addiction as some are more susceptible to becoming addicted to nicotine than others. Which parts of this might be nature, nurture, culture, etc.

    1. With regret and second thoughts, they were finally compelled to admit that the order of knowledge does not necessarily mirror the order of nature.

      I'll need some more research into this idea.


      Early modern scholars were forced to admit that the order of knowledge doesn't mirror the order of nature.

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. it’s people with natural immunity.

      Appeal to nature: Assuming that having "natural" immunity is better than having immunity from a vaccine.

      According to Hopkins Medicine "New studies show that natural immunity to the coronavirus weakens (wanes) over time,".

  31. Nov 2021
    1. This week they added two more domains – sci-hub.ru and scihub.unblockit.kim.

      Wiley, Elsevier, and Springer Nature are expanding the use of domain blocking to prevent people from accessing services like Sci-Hub.

    1. e spoke, and the river stayed his current, stopped the waves breaking,and made all quiet in front of him and let him get safelyinto the outlet of the river.

      An example of a figure calming waters in myth.

      cross reference: Moses and the parting of the Red Sea

      To what dates might we attribute these two texts? Which preceded the other? What sort of potential cultural influences would the original had on the subsequent?

      Also cross reference the many deluge/flood stories in ancient literatures including Genesis 6-9, The Epic of Gilgamesh, etc.

  32. Oct 2021
  33. Sep 2021
    1. Continual engagement with the mental rigors of modern life coincided in many parts of the world with improving nutrition, rising living conditions and reduced exposure to pathogens. These factors produced a century-long climb in average I.Q. scores — a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect, after James Flynn, the political philosopher who identified it.

      The Flynn effect is the substantial and sustained increase in intelligence test scores over most of the twentieth century.

      Research seems to indicate that the effect is environmentally caused: https://www.pnas.org/content/115/26/6674

    1. Schools don’t teach students how to restore their depleted attention with exposure to nature and the outdoors, or how to arrange their study spaces so that they extend intelligent thought.

      I'm reminded of Lynne Kelly's use of Indigenous Australian memory techniques which do both of these things at the same time: https://www.lynnekelly.com.au/?p=4794

    2. Brains don’t think as well in bodies sitting still as they do in bodies performing some sort of low-intensity motion. We know this intuitively — think of how many people, for instance, say they get their best ideas while walking — and yet so many classrooms and workplaces are designed to inihibit movement, designed on the premise that people think best while sitting still. Low-intensity movement improves attention and focus (as anybody who has used fidget toys during meetings knows), and yet we not only don’t design for it, we punish it. “Parents and teachers often believe they have to get kids to stop moving around before they can focus and get down to work,” Paul writes. But “a more constructive approach would be to allow kids to move around so that they can focus” (49).

      Another example of encouraging walking to think

  34. Jul 2021
    1. Anne: Do you think being in the US changed your life, changed you in any significant ways?Juan: Yes, because I lived in Provo, where all the Mormons are, and most of them are humble, most of them are nice people. I guess I got used to that. So at the moment, right now, I don't think I will ever adapt to the way people are here in Mexico. I don't know if you've met Mexicans who are from not the center, but the outside of the cities, their personality is just a lot different than a US citizen. They have different thoughts, different priorities, which makes them have different personalities.Juan: In that way, I am thankful that I grew up in the US, because the way that I am, I consider myself somebody who's humble. I don't really like to get in discussions or stuff like that. I'd rather just do my own thing, be respectful to everybody. The way you treat me is how I will treat you, that's the way I will always treat people with respect and stuff like that. In that way, I am thankful that I grew up in the US because I do have a different lookout in life.Anne: What do you miss most about the US?Juan: The vegetation, the nature, because I remember in the US I can go out in the soccer fields and there's actual grass. The mountains.Anne: It's beautiful.Juan: Yes. That's what I miss most about it, the nature.

      Reflections, The United States, Favorite parts, missing, Mexico, Worst parts about being back

  35. Jun 2021
    1. The mechanical clock, which came into common use in the 14th century, provides a compelling example. In Technics and Civilization, the historian and cultural critic Lewis Mumford  described how the clock “disassociated time from human events and helped create the belief in an independent world of mathematically measurable sequences.” The “abstract framework of divided time” became “the point of reference for both action and thought.”

      Description of how a technology the clock changed the human landscape.

      Similar to the way humans might practice terraforming on their natural environment, what should we call the effect our natural environment has on us?

      What should we call the effect our technological environment has on us? technoforming?

      Evolution certainly indicates that there's likely both short and long-term effects.

      Who else has done research into this? Do we have evidence of massive changes with the advent of writing, reading, printing, telegraph, television, social media, or other technologies available?

      Any relation to the nature vs nurture debate?

  36. May 2021
  37. Mar 2021
  38. Feb 2021
  39. Dec 2020
  40. Oct 2020
  41. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. For the law ofnature, like every law concerning men in this world, would befutile if no-one had power to enforce it and thereby preservethe innocent and restrain offenders

      agrees with Hobbes in that laws of nature need an enforcer- just instead says every man has this power

  42. Sep 2020
    1. Context

      The Zhuangzi is a large collection of tells, anecdotes, parables, allegories, and fables which are often not serious or comical in nature. These anecdotes try to identify and demonstrate the vanity and uncertain human distinctions between some of the next opposites, life and death, good and bad, big and small, but really also highlights human and nature. This tells mean to be part of ancient Chinese Philosophy. Zhuangzi or Master Zhuang he was one of the most significant first interpreters of Daoism. The Daoism is a pseudo religion and philosophical believing that has shape Chinese culture. “Your life has a limit, but knowledge has none. If you use what is limited to pursue what has no limit, you will be in danger. If you understand this and still strive for knowledge, you will be in danger for certain! If you do good, stay away from fame. If you do evil, stay away from punishments. Follow the middle; go by what is constant, and you can stay in once piece, keep yourself alive, look after your parents, and live out your years.” (Zhuangzi n.d.) The Utopia is reference to the perfect place where everything is equal. So for an actual urban development there is not a close relation between city and nature, as nature is only seen a resource or a place to settle, there is more to it, and there is where the Not-Even-Anything Village comes to place. A base principle on Daoism is the self-awareness of nature and we as a part of it, a way to settle an agreement to land and to everything. A Utopia should be work on similar interests to this Chinese idea of the perfect place to live or to build.

      Zhuangzi. The Zhuangzi, History of Chinese Philosophy. University of Hawaii, s.f.

    1. Thus, Confucius meditated upon water; and the Confucian Xunzi later attempted to systematize the relationship between water’s various forms and people’s moral qualities. This assumption of a correspondence between the principles which inform both water and human conduct was not limited to the Confucians; it was generally assumed in all early philosophical texts. Nor was the imagery the provenance of any particular school. For example, water which moves forward without force, giving life to everything, is described in Xunzi as ‘wuwei’ (without action) or (doing nothing) a term that is particularly associated with Daoism.

      CONTEXT: Shuen-fu Lin addresses "the sage", the person with the highest spiritual attainment who was first emulated and thought of in the Wei-Jin movement, following the Han Dynasty. The sage allows the innate tendencies and has all five of the human emotions addressed in the passage, but "...does not act, complies, and does not implement. He eliminates what leads things astray and gets rid of what confuses them." The sage is addressed as exhibiting qualities of both the Daoist way of life and the Confucianist way. The sage is like the image of water that is an unattainable, sage-like, presence and moral conduct, desired by both Daoist and Confucianist beliefs. "Gentlemen" look at water in awe, gazing upon the perfection of its inaction and lack of effort in attaining its intellect, beauty, and respect. The water has of "ziran", or perhaps, is "ziran" that humans are able to express communion with nature and nonpurposive action. This word is also described as spontaneously existing and being "so oneself" -nothing acting behind them. Water does not decide or dwell for too long, it just exists in movement and in detachment which I think human beings desire greatly.

      Cai, Zongqi. Chinese Aesthetics: The Ordering of Literature, the Arts, and the Universe in the Six Dynasties. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004.

      RELATE: In 'The Experience of Nature' by Rachel and Stephen Kaplan, human action and thought is addressed as influenced by our setting/environment whether the setting require immediate responsive action or the response take place in a slower, observational method varies. The authors write, "People are particularly aware of information that is visual, that concerns what they see. That does not mean that people interpret the information in visual terms exclusively; rather, visual stimuli are effective in conjuring associated information. The sight of water provides information about potential opportunities which may or may not be visual in themselves" (Kaplan, 4). Reverie from observation that allows self reflection, thought free from distraction, and intuitive action is typically included in our broader categorization of landscape qualities when we discuss as landscape architects. Human reaction to landscape is so much bigger than the texture, color, or even kinesthetic feeling within the place and can be thought of as artwork in addition- prompting development of thought even subconsciously within the the one experiencing.

      Kaplan, Rachel, and Stephen Kaplan. The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

  43. Aug 2020
  44. Jul 2020
  45. Jun 2020
    1. The man who publishes and edits an article written by an anonymous critic should be held as immediately responsible for it as if he had written it himself; just as one holds a manager responsible for bad work done by his workmen [who] would be treated as he deserves to be — namely, without any ceremony. An anonymous writer is a literary fraud against whom one should immediately cry out, “Wretch, if you do not wish to admit what it is you say against other people, hold your slanderous tongue.”
    2. However, the public is very much more interested in matter than in form, and it is for this very reason that it is behindhand in any high degree of culture. […] This preference for matter to form is the same as a man ignoring the shape and painting of a fine Etruscan vase in order to make a chemical examination of the clay and colors of which it is made.
  46. May 2020
  47. Apr 2020
    1. For centuries, human beings have measured their lives by the cycles of the seasons and the natural rhythms of sunrise and sunset. Yet now research reveals we are losing our connection with nature.
    2. revised the Oxford Junior Dictionary, removing words from nature such as clover, lark, pasture, and blackberry to make room for computer-related words including blog, voice-mail, chatroom, and BlackBerry (Flood, 2015; see Kesebir & Kesebir, 2017). A recent study of language in fiction, film, and popular songs has identified a cultural shift away from words related to nature beginning in the 1950s and escalating to the present day.
  48. Mar 2020
    1. Today we walked for the first time from our home to the nearby veggie shop. A great experience of simplicity, minimalism, and nature. Feeling awesomely blessed.

  49. Dec 2019
    1. ruled by different laws and in which numerous circumstances enforce a belief that the aspect of nature differs essentially from anything of which we have any experience.

      FIX

    2. The appearance of the sky is indiscribably beautiful; clear by day, and illuminated at night by the Aurora Borealis w which spreads a roseate tinge over the heavens, & over the sea which reflects it’s splendour.

      Aurora Borealis or "northern lights" appear in the Arctic skies, a nighttime phenomenon caused by turbulence in the magnetosphere.

    1. when I reflect that you are pursuing the same course, exposing yourself to the same dangers which have rendered me what I am, I imagine that you may deduce an apt moral from my tale; one that may direct you if you succeed in your undertaking, and console you in case of failure. Prepare to hear of occurrences which are usually deemed marvellous. Were we among the tamer scenes of nature, I might fear to encounter your unbelief, perhaps your ridicule; but many things will appear possible in these wild and mysterious regions, which would provoke the laughter of those unacquainted with the ever-varied powers of nature:—nor can I doubt bu

      In this revision, the 1831 edition makes Victor far more explicit about the parallels between his own quest for knowledge as power and Walton's expedition. Victor also attributes this insight to the sublime context of their Arctic location. The 1818 edition only suggests Walton will learn from Victor's story.

    1. below Mayence

      The region south of Mayence might be more picturesque because of the Kühkopf-Knoblochsaue, now a well-known nature preserve.

    2. the principles of Agrippa

      In his book De Occulta Philosophia Agrippa suggested that God placed magic in the world to make man capable of transcending the natural sphere and able to influence the superior realms.

    3. I have visited the lakes of Lucerne and Uri

      Lake Lucerne is a lake in central Switzerland and the fourth largest in the country. Lake Uri, also in Switzerland, is known for its reflective blue waters.

    1. I realize there are some instances where it isn’t clear that the artist/designer intended to show a living butterfly, and where it may be perfectly acceptable to represent a dead butterfly. Nonetheless, there’s no good reason to depict a dead butterfly in the vast majority of situations. It doesn’t take much effort to be accurate about wing position. My hope is that the multitudes of butterfly images in our culture will gradually shift toward alive, which is how I prefer to think of them, and how I think these beautiful insects should be seen. If you hadn’t previously noted the difference between a living and a dead butterfly, I’m afraid you will now begin to see dead butterflies EVERYWHERE, as I do.
    1. Ranking the intelligence of animals seems an increasingly pointless exercise when one considers the really important thing: how well that animal is adapted to its niche
    1. lants speak in a chemical vocabulary we can’t directly perceive or comprehend. The first important discoveries in plant communication were made in the lab in the nineteen-eighties, by isolating plants and their chemical emissions in Plexiglas chambers, but Rick Karban, the U.C. Davis ecologist, and others have set themselves the messier task of studying how plants exchange chemical signals outdoors, in a natural setting.
  50. Nov 2019
    1. were the peoples of the world to grasp the true significance of the words of God, they would never be deprived of their portion of the ocean of His bounty

      Bounty comes from understanding the words. The Revelation is, firstly, the words (and the spiritual energy they contain).

  51. Oct 2019
    1. mon pays et moi,

      La métamorphose du narrateur est visible dans ce vers. Le narrateur qui était autrefois critique est maintenant fier de son pays. Il utilise le mot « nous » pour décrire son sentiment d’unité entre lui-même et les gens de son pays. Il se présente aussi comme peu. « ma main petite maintenant dans son poing énorme » Il s’agit d’un changement par rapport à son ton divin au début du poème. Maintenant, c’est son pays qui est plus grand et plus puissant que lui. Il illustre peut-être que, dans l’unité, les gens de son pays sont beaucoup plus forts que lui-même.

    2. A force de regarder les arbres je suis devenu un arbre et mes longs pieds d’arbre ont creusé dans le sol de larges sacs à venin de hautes villes d’ossements à force de penser au Congo je suis devenu un Congo bruissant de forêts et de fleuves

      Dans une manière biblique, Césaire regarde un arbre et décide de devenir un arbre. Ses pieds deviennent les racines de l’arbre. Il se confond avec la terre, et ainsi, son pays. Il est maintenant enraciné, comme un arbre, et comme son peuple. Il est stagnant, tout comme le trait même qu’il a critiqué son peuple. Son enracinement est toxique. Ou la ville est-elle toxique ? Dans cet extrait, Césaire met également en parallèle la ville et la nature.

      L’image de devenir un arbre peut être interprétée comme le désir de Césaire pour l’île de revenir à sa forme « naturelle », sa forme avant qu’elle ne soit colonisée. Césaire compare la « civilisation » (colonialisme) au poison.

    3. Je retrouverais le secret des grandes communications et des grandes combustions. Je dirais orage. Je dirais fleuve. Je dirais tornade. Je dirais feuille. Je dirais arbre. Je serais mouillé de toutes les pluies, humecté de toutes les rosées. Je roulerais comme du sang frénétique sur le courant lent de l’oeil des mots en chevaux fous en enfants frais en caillots en couvre-feu en vestiges de temple en pierres précieuses assez loin pour décourageur les mineurs. Qui ne me comprendrait pas ne comprendrait pas davantage le rugissement du tigre.

      Il désire s’identifier avec tous les opprimés de son pays et établir des liens avec eux avec le « secret des grandes communications. » Encore une fois, d’une manière biblique, Césaire se compare à Dieu. Tout comme dans l’Ancien Testament, Césaire contemple toutes les choses qu’il dirait comme « fleuve, […] tornade, […] feuille » et elles apparaîtront, comme s’il était Dieu. Avec ce pouvoir, il désire relâcher une terreur de catastrophes naturelles sur son pays pour qu’il puisse recommencer a nouveau. D’une certaine façon, Césaire ridiculise le catholicisme. C’est la religion des colonisateurs, ses oppresseurs, qu’ils ont imposée à son peuple. À mon avis, Césaire a une sorte de complexe de dieu tout au long de son poème. Pourtant, il se moque aussi du catholicisme en quelque sorte.

    4. Sur cette terre exorcisée, larguée a la dérive de sa précieuse intention maléfique

      Césaire emploie une assonance en [e] dans cet extrait. Il parle encore de la Martinique. En utilisant le champ lexique de la nature et de l’enfer.

    5. Que de sang dans ma mémoire ! Dans ma mémoire sont des lagunes.

      Césaire fait constamment référence au paysage de la Martinique, et le poème déborde d’un merveilleux catalogue de noms : rivières, fleurs, arbres. Aussi beau que soit son pays, il est couvert de violence et de sang. En superposant l’image de la belle nature et de la violence horrible, Césaire rend son image encore plus puissante.