Sudetenland,

fascists

Mao Zedong

The Japanese military was armed with modern rifles, artillery, armor, and aircraft. By 1940, the Japanese navy was the third-largest and among the most technologically advanced in the world.

Americans retreated toward isolationism

but the United States lacked both the will and the military power to oppose the Japanese invasion

Between 250,000 and 300,000 people were killed, and tens of thousands of women were raped, when the Japanese besieged and then sacked Nanjing.

The military took over Japanese policy. And in the military’s eyes, the conquest of China would not only provide for Japan’s industrial needs, it would secure Japanese supremacy in East Asia.

Stimson Doctrine

Chiang Kai-shek

Japanese military triumphed over the more moderate civilian government. Japan committed itself to aggressive military expansion.

stagnating

war that would last thirteen years and claim the lives of over thirty-five million people.

Manchukuo

The invasion was swift

the Japanese Imperial Army ordered a full-scale invasion of Manchuria

And when it ended, the United States found itself alone as the world’s greatest superpower. Armed with the world’s greatest economy, it looked forward to the fruits of a prosperous consumers’ economy

fearsome technology

genocide

The 1930s and 1940s were trying times. A global economic crisis gave way to a global war that became the deadliest and most destructive in human history. Perhaps eighty million individuals lost their lives during World War II.

Ya has convertido el movimiento en música

Does gene editing regulation affect growth factor costs?

The Serum-Free Challenge

AI often provides vague, abstract examples, where you needconcrete (that is tangible, verifiable examples; something I can find myself if needed). Abstractexamples will not be accepted as valid evidence in the essays. For example, if you are analyzingpublic surveillance, and write, “surveillance companies that collect and analyze public data oftenbreach legal and ethical parameters”, this will not suffice.

We DO NOT provide pre-built indices for download. ganon can build databases very efficiently. This way, you will always have up-to-date reference sequences and get most out of your data. See examples below for commonly used sub-sets and the respective commands.

It was Christian, he went on, because of itshistory, but still more because it communicated the purpose of the building in its architecture

Strikingly, by 1849 even the evangelical, Nonconformist Eclectic Reviewwas signing up to the symbolic supremacy of neo-medievalism. ‘In studying Gothic,’ it declared, ‘we studyarchitecture in the fullest development of its most essential primary conditions of being

y way of BasilJones, later Bishop of St David’

It is evident in the inuential Coleridgeannotion of a Gothic church as ‘petried religion’

In short, the rst generation of Victorians articulated a new conception ofarchitecture as a sort of text.

n other words, what helped to sustain and promote ecclesiastical Gothic revivalism was asmuch a historical as a theological argument; a debate about time as well as faith. In an age of historicism, itcould hardly be otherwise

What mattered was when he said it

ignicantly, Gothic styles were oftenpreferred for these new churches: partly because they were believed to be inexpensive; partly, as the Builder’sMagazine had suggested, because they were believed to be typologically appropriate; but—above all—becausethey enabled established churches to articulate a sense of continuity and thus assert their claims to be thenational church.

Thus, although it is nowimpossible to argue that the Gothic Revival of the nineteenth century completely replaced one style withanother, it is possible to argue that a Gothic revival of the nineteenth century helped change conceptions ofecclesiastical architecture most profoundly

Instead of seeing neo-medievalism as an essentially Anglican or Roman Catholic affair, they have pointed to the importance of adistinctive ‘Dissenting Gothic’.

But a sceptical public is necessary to compensatefor the proliferation of exaggerated claims, hype and ‘bullshit’ on high-tech ideasand products

Reciprocally, the abundance and flourishingof science communication models and practices, directly interacting, stimulate thisvital dialogue between the community of researchers and civil society

market signals

‘knowledge is co-constructed’ in the act of marketing andnetworking; and the only bottom line is ‘profit = income exceeds costs’ at the endof day.

Commercialization of science boostsknowledge production, but also redirects research in favour of short-term projectswith immediate pay-offs;

marketlogic to everything under the sun

The ever closer association of markets and scientific research is likely to lead toa clash of ethos

Perhaps, in all modesty, those attempting the difficult art of science com-munication and popularization aspire to participate more in an evolution than a revo-lution of opinions, by enriching the democratic debate and developing the culture

The bullshitter is cynical tothe extent that they have given up any belief in truth as a regulatory social idea

two autonomous spheres, distinct from one another,and with one prevailing over the other; second, only a mastery of techniques andcommunication enable a rapprochement and the regaining of equilibrium

Was this a case of an isolated individual failing? Or is there systemic pressureat work to take risks and fake data because the gains are very high, whereasthe likelihood of being detected is very low

Many researchers still feel that promoting science commu-nication should enhance the public’s scientific knowledge and lead to more gener-ous budgets for research. The industrial promoters and research managers generallyfeel that knowledge invites development support

Thesedata streams suggest that, in contrast to a cycle from initial disgust to everydayacceptance, nowadays the initial hype is followed by controversy and more soberpublic attitudes

And finally, economists conclude that ‘science is too important toleave to the scientists’

‘Would you eat wormy sweet corn?’,while the GM variety was labelled ‘Here’s what went into producing qualitysweet corn’

we create an index of the scientific ‘ideology’that is normally distributed: the omnipotence of science, the control of sideeffects, the provision of a complete world picture, and the rejection of anyconstraints

teaching communication skills to scientists

First, the actors: scientists were reproached for remaining enclosed within auniverse of concepts and formalisms that kept them distant from the concerns ofsociety—which, paradoxically, was being transformed by the discoveries of thosesame researchers

people who are generally more knowledgeable and the older popu-lation. Those who are very interested in science tend to be less sceptical

Sean Cole. Inside the weird, shady world of click farms. January 2024. URL: https://www.huckmag.com/article/inside-the-weird-shady-world-of-click-farms (visited on 2024-03-07).

[Morten] Bay found that 50.9% of people tweeting negatively about “The Last Jedi” were “politically motivated or not even human,” with a number of these users appearing to be Russian trolls. The overall backlash against the film wasn’t even that great, with only 21.9% of tweets analyzed about the movie being negative in the first place. https://www.indiewire.com/2018/10/star-wars-last-jedi-backlash-study-russian-trolls-rian-johnson-1202008645/ [c11]

they, too, must be viewed as the experiencing subjects of a life with inherent valueof their own

Only by ignoringsuch features, Rawls believes, can we insurethat the principles of justice contractors wouldagree upon are not based on bias or prejudice.

there is nothing incontractarianism of the sort we are discussingthat guarantees or requires that everyone willhave a chance to participate equitably in framing the rules of morality

what duties we have grow weakerand weaker, perhaps to the vanishing point.The pain and death they endure, though real,are not wrong if no one cares about them

contractarianism.Here, very crudely, is the root idea: moralityconsists of a set of rules that individuals voluntarily agree to abide by—as we do when we signa contract (hence the name: contractarianism).Those who understand and accept the terms ofthe contract are covered directly—have rightscreated by, and recognized and protected in.the contract. And these contractors can alsohave protection spelled out for others who,though they lack the ability to understandmorality and so cannot sign the contract themselves, are loved or cherished by those who can.

Pain is pain wheresoever it occurs

Л veal calf killed to beeaten after living in close confinement is viewedand treated in this way: but so, too, is anotherwho is raised (as they say) “more humanely."

what harms them really doesn't matter—ormatters only if it starts to bother us

Many non-silicate minerals are referred to as salts. The term salts used here refers to compounds made by replacing the hydrogen in natural acids. The most abundant natural acid is carbonic acid that forms by the solution of carbon dioxide in water. Carbonate minerals are salts built around the carbonate ion (CO3-2) where calcium and/or magnesium replace the hydrogen in carbonic acid (H2CO3).

Silicate minerals form the largest group of minerals on Earth, comprising the vast majority of the Earth’s mantle and crust. Of the nearly four thousand known minerals on Earth, most are rare. There are only a few that make up most of the rocks likely to be encountered by surface dwelling creatures like us.

Most minerals are also compounds of more than one element. The common mineral calcite has the chemical formula CaCOA3 indicating the molecule consists of one calcium, one carbon, and three oxygen atoms. In calcite, one carbon and three oxygen atoms are held together by covalent bonds to form a molecular ion, called carbonate, which has a negative charge.

this proposition seems to me unassailable butso general and abstract as to be unhelpful—at leastunadministerable in the form stated. It assumes wecan measure in some way the incremental units ofhuman satisfaction yielded by very different types ofgoods.

arlyle’s hope, as he describes it in Past and Present, was thatchivalric customs would be replicated in the modern industrial world to become ‘chivalry of work’: duty andobligation would become implanted in the soul of each worker

We leave readers with a brief, yet we believe profound provocation to ponder on, which has (and will continue to) radiate in our own hearts and spirits. It's evident from our pláticas, that in our past work, we've felt a sense of urgency to change early childhood and bilingual education – but in this moment, we feel like there is an opening that didn't exist before. So we ponder, and invite all to reflect upon our roles in moving forward. With a building urgency for change, and the momentum and transformative possibilities this offers, weeks, months, and years from now, what will the collective ‘we’ choose to remember?

We know not all white bilingual people have had the privilege of traveling abroad and learning a second language as an adult. Some grew up in neighborhoods of color or attended predominantly Latinx schools.

The profound injustice of slavery has been erased in our educational system in the US (Leonardo, 2013). The lynching of Black and Mexican peoples has been erased. Not enough people talk about it – especially with young children. They are very capable of having conversations about racialized violence, injustice, and inequities (Boutte, 2008; Doucet & Adair, 2013). What will education that centers these struggles and empowerment of BIPOC communities do to engage children in a way that compassion then exists for the Other, and just as importantly, a strong and actionable desire to not repeat history?I view this moment as a sort of metaphorical fork in the road. If we decide to go in a direction that we've always gone, where we completely erase and ignore violence against Black and Indigenous people, for instance, in our world and in our country – if we decide to go this route of erasure, we are merely repeating the past. In erasing or ‘forgetting,’ we are making a conscious decision in education to perpetuate structural racism, everyday racism, and anti-Blackness. We have a choice. If we choose to continue to engage in historical amnesia (Cordis, 2019), I won't be surprised if we wake up 20 years from now, or even sooner, and we have another Trump in power, because when you erase the lived realities of the oppressed, these are the consequences. The 74 million who voted for Trump are the consequences of our long standing white supremacist educational system. I view our job right now as continuing in the struggle, which we have always engaged in, but that we must continue to persist in.

: I agree, and I think, as well, that we're in a moment where there seems to be a heightened understanding about injustice. Some who haven't had this understanding or lived experience prior to Covid-19, are able to finally see the inequities that have surfaced to become more visible in the world (even though they've been there all along). So this could be a moment to hone, to say we're in this together. And knowing this, how do we, as you've talked about Paty, acknowledge and transform the colonial and racist ways that we have created and have lived in the world, including what we've done to our planet. So, in some ways, there are gifts in this moment, to be able to reconnect with each other, to have new ways of understanding that those with privilege might not have acknowledged before. This should inform how we move forward.

In this final plática, we offer insights into possibilities for what the future might hold based on the foundations of early childhood and bilingual education, and what has transpired in the US and across the globe due to Covid-19 and a reckoning with anti-Blackness and racialized oppression.

It sounds like both bilingual education and early childhood education have applied theories (and created forms of measurement based on these theories) that have positioned children of color as deficit. This is what's so disheartening. From pre-birth and into the early years, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) are talked about as being ‘at-risk’ because our/their ways of knowing and being differ from the universalized whitewashed standard that's been created (Brown, 2016)

In bilingual education, we have a similar historical grounding as ECE, especially since much of the research has been conducted in the earlier years of life. Importantly, there is a difference in the research on bilingual education in the United States versus other countries because of distinct socio-political contexts (Bialystock, 2018). Also, many decisions made in bilingual education, dual language, and second language acquisition are based on constructs developed with sequential bilinguals – those learning a second language after six years of age (Escamilla & Hopewell, 2010; Baker, 2011). Only recently has there been a shift in paradigms with research done with simultaneous bilinguals – children learning or exposed to two or more languages from birth until they enter K-12 schooling (Escamilla & Hopewell, 2010).

Some provocations that guided us in these initial pláticas were unpacking the whitewashing of these fields and deficit constructions of minoritized young children, especially those who identify as BIPOC

Our pláticas on early childhood and bilingual education came about from weekly gatherings over the course of three months, in which we learned more about each other and built trust and rapport. As the pandemic of 2020 progressed and physical distancing became more important, we utilized Zoom to record and transcribe our on-going virtual pláticas. Using women of color feminisms to guide us and find points of connection, we discussed and reworked the transcribed text in order to share our pláticas with you – the reader – on past, current, and future visions of early childhood and bilingual education. In the forthcoming, we present these wonderings and provocations.

pláticas can result in a spectrum of sentiments, from the disheartening to the over joyous, through which learning and consejos happen. As such, through pláticas, Chicana/Latina scholars reclaim and legitimize not only knowledges from our communities, but also methods and approaches to educational studies

Turtle Island continues to permeate the legacies of colonialism, denying First Nations’ rights and invisibilizing the strength, fortitude, and empowerment of Indigenous Peoples

Надо проснуться, выздороветь, ожить. Трудность в том, что просыпаться надо от того, что человек принимает за бодрость, выздоравливать от того, что считает здоровьем, оживать от того, что кажется полной жизнью.

Translanguaging does not demarcate children’s languages; instead, translanguaging maintains children’s active negotiation of language resources and practices on a continuum in order to express themselves in particular contexts.

they do not find similar resultsin the senate

in particular, whetherthey generated political gains for the politicians sponsoring them

this type of “snowball effect,” where prior policy adoptionat lower levels of government increases the likelihood of adop-tion at higher levels, tends to dominate a potential “pressure valve”effect—whereby lower-level adoption relieves pressure for policyadoption at the higher level

Put simply, policy makers often prefer to enact policiesthat have been shown to be effective in other contexts

find that state policy decisions in the area ofelectronic commerce have only minor effects on national represen-tation in Congress that diminish over the course of the legislativeprocess

and top-down vertical dif-fusion from the national level to the states

While there is much literature demonstrating dynamicsof horizontal policy diffusion across the states

voter behavior or interest groupmobilization, but also on the actions of lawmakers in Congress

these ef-fects are most likely to manifest in policy areas like energy andlabor in which both state and federal governments are active policymakers,

i find little support forthe view that effects were driven by positive shifts to public favora-bility caused by state legalization

isthat initiative votes generated a signal that allowed members ofCongress to learn about levels of constituent support

hasgenerated meaningful political-economic shifts in the states whereit was adopted.

can affect the ability of organ-ized economic interests to engage in politics and make demandson representatives in Congress.

Marijuana legaliza-tion allowed for the growth of a new industry that, once devel-oped, could sway gardner’s re-election bid

that is, members learn about policy innovationsadopted in the states they represent, and as a result are more likelyto sponsor and vote for similar policies nationally

has gained leverage in Colorado politics, compel-ling even conservative politicians like gardner to support industrydemands

influence of industry

instrumental variables analysis indicates le-galization influenced pro-marijuana bill sponsorship and roll calls in the 116thCongress.

empirically, i examine theeffects of state marijuana legalization

Members of Congress represent geographically demarcated districts em-bedded in subnational policy environments.

issenting buildings and worship are described in Watts’ volumes,mentioned above (pp. 361, 367), and in a variety of essays by ClydeBinfield: in addition to the chapter on ‘Dissenting Gothic’ in So Downto Prayers (Dent, 1977),

Как дождь над морем вечерами,так одиночество не за горами,клубящимися стелется парамии, не преминув небо заволочь,оттуда рушится на город в ночь.Дождь льет и не намерен прекращаться,когда к рассвету тянется округа,когда тела, готовясь распрощаться,ласкают с отвращением друг друга,и эта ненавистная потугаих заставляет спать в одной постели,и одиночество вместо купели.

language alternation is now increasingly seen as unproblematic—an additional communicative resource for people who command several languages.

The deficit view of bilingual talk, which includes code-switching and other forms of language alternation, became increasingly challenged with the rise of discourse-oriented approaches to bilingualism, most notably interactional sociolinguistics and conversation analysis. Rejecting the reductionist conceptualisation of bilingualism as, above all, a mental faculty, scholars began to record and analyse actual, naturally occurring samples of talk where more than one language were being used

bilingual conversations were minutely ordered and instances of code-switching often proved highly functional for the participants.

Before research on code-switching took shape around the late 1970s, such ‘mixed’ forms of language use were generally treated with much scepticism, chiefly because they were at odds with the normative, monolingually infused conception of the ideal bilingual person. In the case of bilingual children, code-switching was even seen as evidence of insufficient bilingual competence

Thus, the idea that premature bilingual development may lead to semilingualism (a state of not reaching sufficient proficiency in either language) does not hold up in current research.

research on bilingualism has been persistently informed by a monolingual perspective, where theoretical conceptualisations and analytical interpretations begin with the idea that humans are born with a hard-wired mental device for acquiring a first language.

The practiceof this prosecutorial discretion is surprisingly political

The purpose of this study is to show that the presidentialuse of rhetoric is consistent with his motivation for managerial control of thepublic bureaucracy

Aggregated across the 89 districts, this reveals a sub-stantial impact by presidential statements at the case-processing level

Attorneys shifted thecomposition of their caseload in areas where drugs are considered a publicproblem

Local Priority Opinion

presidential signaling in that context

Clearly, the implementation of the War on Drugsinvolved the exercise of prosecutorial discretion.

the first examines cases handled and the second casesconcluded.

which helps clarify causality andaddresses concerns about potential endogeneity

Reader’s Guide to Periodical Liter-ature (extended to cover our time span). If media changes affect the Attorneys,we expect that the drug composition increases as mentions rise.

We test the hypothesis thatthe U.S. Attorneys’ agenda is positively influenced by congressional attentivenessto drug policy issues.

This accounts for theresources provided by Congress and the president to the DEA for bringingcharges in drug cases.

by which cases are referredby investigating agencies

We expectthat the Attorneys’ offices’ attention to drug cases will be positively influencedby the degree of presidential rhetorical emphasis on drug policy.

I had to figurethese things out like any other American, by studying his speeches and reading newspapers

presidents’ prioritization of drug policy in their public discourse.

when an Attorney prosecutes it incourt.

U.S. Attorneys’ prosecution of drug crimes: as the composi-tion of presidential statements regarding narcotics increased, the narcotics com-position of the U.S. Attorneys’ caseloads also increased.

Their relative independence puts a premium on other less formalcontrol mechanisms

but the U.S. Attorney retains the final decisionto prosecute

Overall, total federal spending increased from 1.5 billiondollars in 1981 to 9.7 billion dollars in 1990

by“communication, exhortation, [and] symbolic position taking

political leaders mayexercise agency leadership by choosing and expounding common goals throughpublic rhetoric,

because of specific monitoringproblems inherent in principal-agency settings

Rhetoric is a means for pres-idents to offer and secure a national agenda

We address the president’s ability toaffect the attention patterns of public agencies by sending policy priority signalsthrough public rhetoric.

exercised in part through politi-cal appointees

shows that presidential atten-tion drives public concern in economic, foreign, and civil rights policy

Presidential rhetoric shapes the priorities of the administra-tive agents over whom he seeks managerial control

Zipper de leucinas ++

Dedos de cinc ++

Hélice-asa-hélice

Un solo gen puede controlarse mediante la unión de varios factores transcripcionales. Por otro lado, un mismo factor transcripcional puede unirse a los potenciadores de varios genes y controlar la expresión de todos ellos.

vicinity

It usually occurs at the site of contact with the allergenand in the immediate vicinity.

The keratin layer is very small or absent compared to the skin. Allergenicsubstances are stored in the keratin layer

MUCOSA HAS A HIGHER ALLERGYTHRESHOLD THAN SKIN

The mucosa has little or no fat layer. Allergenic substances are removedfrom the environment more quickly.

Symptoms may include urticaria,maculopapular rash, erythema, vesicles,ulcers and target lesions (erythemamultiforme)

urticaria

angioedema

anaphylaxis

Symptoms may occur rapidly, as inanaphylaxis, angioedema and urticaria, ormay appear several days after drug use.

diverse

Skin manifestations of drug reactions canbe very diverse.

immunogenicity

It is possible for any medicine to cause unwantedreactions. However, this is more likely with somemedicines. Some patients are also more prone to drugreactions.

Lesions may appear only on the oral mucosa or may bepart of skin lesions.

coverage is automatic.

economic factors

However, many experts believe that COVID-19 did more to reveal existing problems in nursing homes than to cause them.

identified concerns

Errors happen in medicine as they do everywhere.

demands of the COVID-19 pandemic

generative, sociomythictradition, “rich in glory and knowledge.”

the general rule is that if there is any element of research in an activity, that activity should undergo review for the protection of human subjects.

For the most part, the term "practice" refers to interventions that are designed solely to enhance the wellbeing of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success. The purpose of medical or behavioral practice is to provide diagnosis, preventive treatment or therapy to particular individuals 2.

He also criticized UM for ending its partnership with the PhD Project—which helps universities recruit diverse candidates from underrepresented backgrounds—while seeking to set up a lab in Ypsilanti Township, a “historically marginalized community.”

ownship attorney Doug Winters accused UM representatives of arrogance and of misleading elected officials about the location of the site and failing to communicate with the board. He alleged in a letter to township officials that UM is trying to become “an active participant” in the Trump administration’s “war machine.”

Details are where you store the ‘data’ of your plan.