In contrast to the idea ofrequisite variety, Luhmann argued that ‘‘the system doesnot have the capacity to connect a state of its own toeverything that happens in the environment and to juxta-pose one of its own operations to every environmentaloccurrence...
law of requisite variety
The categories were examined for purpose andsatisfaction, and the authors claim that though students value beingengaged in a variety of ways in online courses, instructors do not integratea wide variety of tools, whether due to lack of knowledge or training
Importance of tool variety in online courses
Das Bemerkenswerte an dieser Aussage ist, dass sie klar zum Ausdruck bringt, was wir in system-theoretischen Begriffen als Produktion von Komplexität durch Selektion bezeichnen könnten. DerGrundgedanke ist, dass der Zettelkasten, wenn er richtig eingerichtet ist, in der Lage sein muss, vielmehr Komplexität zu erzeugen, als in den Zettelkasten eingeführt worden ist. Das ist eben der Fall,wenn seine Innenstruktur, wie Luhmann (1992a, S. 66) es formuliert hat, „selbständige kombinatori-sche Leistungen“ ermöglicht, so dass das, was der Zettelkasten bei jeder Abfrage mitzuteilen hat, im-mer viel mehr ist, als der Benutzer selbst im Kopf hatte.
machine translation:
The remarkable thing about this statement is that it clearly expresses what we might call, in systems theory terms, the production of complexity by selection. The basic idea is that the Zettelkasten, when set up correctly, must be able to generate much more complexity than was introduced into the Zettelkasten. This is precisely the case if its internal structure, as Luhmann (1992a, p. 66) put it, enables “independent combinatorial performances”, so that what the Zettelkasten has to communicate with each query is always much more than that user himself had in mind.
Perhaps a usable quote to support my own theory, but certainly nothing new to me.
Perhaps some interesting overlap with Ashby's law of requisite variety here? Perhaps an inverse version for creating variety and complexity?
Naughton, John. “Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety.” Edge.org, 2017. https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27150.
Ashby's law of requisite variety may also be at play for overloading our system 1 heuristic abilities with respect to misinformation (particularly in high velocity social media settings). Switching context from system 1 to system 2 on a constant basis to fact check everything in our (new digital) immediate environment can be very mentally and emotionally taxing. This can result in both mental exhaustion as well as anxiety.
It would seem that people who spend too much time online experience more anxiety. Could it be that we've evolved to only be able to manage so many inputs and amounts of variety of those inputs? The experiencing of too much variety in our environments and the resultant anxiety may be a result of the limits of Ross Ashby's law of requisite variety within human systems.
This may also be why chaos machines like Donald Trump are effective at creating anxiety in a populace whose social systems are not designed to handle so many crazy ideas at once.
Implications for measurements of resilience?
a viable system is one that can handle the variability of its environment. Or, as Ashby put it, only variety can absorb variety.
Ashby came up with the concept of variety as a measurement of the number of possible states of a system. His "Law" of Requisite Variety stated that for a system to be stable, the number of states that its control mechanism is capable of attaining (its variety) must be greater than or equal to the number of states in the system being controlled.
Recent work has revealed several new and significant aspects of the dynamics of theory change. First, statistical information, information about the probabilistic contingencies between events, plays a particularly important role in theory-formation both in science and in childhood. In the last fifteen years we’ve discovered the power of early statistical learning.
The data of the past is congruent with the current psychological trends that face the education system of today. Developmentalists have charted how children construct and revise intuitive theories. In turn, a variety of theories have developed because of the greater use of statistical information that supports probabilistic contingencies that help to better inform us of causal models and their distinctive cognitive functions. These studies investigate the physical, psychological, and social domains. In the case of intuitive psychology, or "theory of mind," developmentalism has traced a progression from an early understanding of emotion and action to an understanding of intentions and simple aspects of perception, to an understanding of knowledge vs. ignorance, and finally to a representational and then an interpretive theory of mind.
The mechanisms by which life evolved—from chemical beginnings to cognizing human beings—are central to understanding the psychological basis of learning. We are the product of an evolutionary process and it is the mechanisms inherent in this process that offer the most probable explanations to how we think and learn.
Bada, & Olusegun, S. (2015). Constructivism Learning Theory : A Paradigm for Teaching and Learning.
The uses of flow diagrams are vast and honestly endless.
my use of the schema would have nothing to do with validation but generating typescript definition and having more accurate code editor completion/suggestions.
One of the reasons I initially pushed back on the creation of a JSON Schema for V3 is because I feared that people would try to use it as a document validator. However, I was convinced by other TSC members that there were valid uses of a schema beyond validation.
annotation meta: may need new tag: fear would be used for ... valid uses for it beyond ...
now we talk i talk about a few ideas good regulators requisite variety self-organized criticality and then the 01:35:04 free energy principle from active inference um and uh maybe i'll just try to briefly talk mention what's what those means for what those ideas mean for people who 01:35:15 aren't familiar so good regulator really came from the good regular theorem or whatever it's called really came from cybernetics ash ashby yeah a lot his law of requisite 01:35:33 variety and uh the it's the concept is that a organism or a you know a system must be must be a model of that which it but 01:35:47 that needs to control
These are technical terms employed in this model: * Good regulators * Requisite variety * Self-organized criticality * Free energy principle
the Llullian combinatory was not really different: by rotating and re-rotating wheels, the user always got the same combinations. One who had mastered this complicated mechanism would have nothing new to learn, despite the astonishing number of possible combinations. This machine was designed to
repeat the known rather than to explore the unknown; therefore, it functioned as an engine of redundancy rather than as an engine of variety. 53
- This distinction is drawn from Blair, Too Much to Know, 236, who uses it with respect to early modern reference books.
I'm not sure that I agree with this as the number of combinations can quickly become incredibly large.
the card index functions as an en-gine of variety rather than as an engine of redundancy.
William Ross Ashby (1903-1972) was a British pioneer in the fields of cybernetics and systems theory. He is best known for proposing the law of requisite variety, the principle of self-organization, intelligence amplification, the good regulator theorem, building the automatically stabilizing Homeostat, and his books Design for a Brain (1952) and An Introduction to Cybernetics (1956).
paint, chairs, food, electric and neon lights, smoke, water, old socks, a dog,movies, a thousand other things that will be discovered by the present generation of artists.
I used to watch a TV show called "Art Attack" when I was a child, which is also my initiation of art. I remember he created a huge artwork made up of used clothes, trash, and some garbage bags. That was also the first time that I know the form of art can be various and diverse. Have you watched this TV show before?
This gem uses a Rack middleware to clear the store object after every request, but that doesn't translate well to background processing with Sidekiq. A companion library, request_store-sidekiq creates a Sidekiq middleware that will ensure the store is cleared after each job is processed, for security and consistency with how this is done in Rack.
Though few in number, these tiles create a dizzying array of possible situations, from the reemergence of Mughal authority, the rise of new kingdoms, or the aggressive rejection of the Company's efforts.
With Stack Overflow for Teams being a flexible platform, we’ve seen customers use it for a wide variety of use cases: A platform to help onboard new employees A self-serve help center to reduce support tickets Collaboration and documentation to drive innersource initiatives Breaking down silos and driving org wide transformation like cloud migration efforts A direct customer support platform Enable people who are working towards a common goal, whether a startup or a side project, to develop a collective knowledge base
While the mechanics in this game are more varied than the first Zup!-game
panoply
an extensive or impressive collection.
Choose from multiple unique paksets which offer different graphics and gameplay. Each pakset has different objects, buying prices, maintenance costs, themes and a whole unique gameplay. Every pakset is a new game.
Ke. Q., (2006). Interdisciplinary research and technological impact. Computer Science Digital Libraries Cornell University. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.15383.
This raises a very important point: we can’t know every user’s reason for why they’re visiting our website, but we can use the tools made available to us to help guide them along their way. If that means storing an HTML document for use offline, we’re empowered to help make the experience as easy as possible.
Broadly speaking, modularity is the degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined, often with the benefit of flexibility and variety in use.
combining a wide variety of styles and influences is a recipe to being interesting. The reverse would be that having only a few influences and styles is a recipe for blandness
Even one day a week out of the office might allow each employee to see their work in a new light.
tothevolum
The list seems to cater to taste (cf. Hume) and to variety. After visiting the newly built agora, there will be "some time of Refreshment" before moving on to legislative matters and affairs of the court; then we "may Rest [our] Selves" before hearing charitable orations, and so on. If one cares to hear something in particular, one may do so or take alternative pleasures ("if you regard not what Women say", "if you like not their Pastime").
The selections seem a carefully chosen buffet or perhaps a finely planned 10 (or whatever number)-course meal, with each element serving to compliment but also counter-point those that come before and after.
In seeing these particular examples of orations, perhaps we shall take away a sense of the general?
But after the interposition of matter that we have to treat in a quieter style, we can return with good effect to that which must be treated forcibly, thus making the tide of eloquence to ebb and flow like the sea
This is a beautiful metaphor which carries over well to the musicality of the voice
Variety of talent and disposition in pupils requires variety of treatment, § 1-5. How far an inclination for any particular line of study should be encouraged and cultivated
This is an important section which seems very applicable today