Gold has risen in price by 33% since the beginning of the year and is now worth PLN 10,780 per ounce. This is almost the best year for this precious metal in 45 years.

The November 1952 issue of Boys Life had an advertisement for contest for a gold-plated Royal Quiet De Luxe typewriter.

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Needs exact sourcing, but Ian Flemming had a gold-plated Royal that he paid $174 for in 1952 and which sold in 1995 by Christys' for $89,229.

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reply to u/NoDoctor4602 at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1fjrjns/ive_spent_a_few_days_searching_for_any_concrete/

In the mid to late-1950's and after several typewriter manufacturers made limited runs of gold plated typewriters for special anniversaries or for bonuses to salespeople. They're uncommon, but not rare. I've seen at least 6 or seven pop up on auction sites in the last 6 months. If you really want one, watch the lower end of Facebook Marketplace, ShopGoodwill, Craigslist, et al. where one will assuredly pop up for a much more reasonable price. I'm not sure if it was this one or another I've seen since April, but one of these went up for sale on ShopGoodwill.com recently and sold for about $600. A week later it was listed on eBay for several thousand just like this one. Given the timeframe, I doubt they spent any time cleaning, oiling, or adjusting it in any fashion—it was a pure flip. I've also seen this recently with Royal typewriters with a less common, but highly collectible Vogue typeface: a Royal P sold for about $900 there and was listed on eBay shortly after for over $1,500 with no indication that it was cleaned or adjusted. (If you watch some of the sites carefully, you can pick up a Vogue machine for under $100 easily enough depending on the type and condition.)

In my mind, as a collector, I'd try to find one in the wild and clean it up or I'd want it in stunning restored condition for over $2k. You might be just as well off picking up a working model for $100-$150 and gold plating the pieces yourself. It would probably be cheaper in the long run and you'd have a better machine in better condition. Some sucker with money to burn will eventually buy a Gold Olympia SM3 for over $2,000.

Here's a vew posts/videos as examples of gold plated machines:<br /> - A video of another Gold Olympia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnUHgyABjw0<br /> - Royal QDL https://typespec.com/weve-got-gold-in-them-thar-hills/<br /> - https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kasbah-mod-typewriters_n_1453776

If you're looking for something great that you'll use, I recommend visiting a repair shop that has some stock to try out some machines to see if you'd like their touch/fee/aesthetics first. Visiting a type-in or two might give you some experience with a wide variety of typewriter models as well. Then try to find a rare or exceptional version that's worth putting some money into. Why put so much into an Olympia if it turns out you're an Olivetti, Royal, or Smith-Corona person? https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-repair.html (I desperately love Royals, but Smith-Coronas and Remingtons are much more forgiving of my mediocre typing technique, a fact which pains me dearly and cost a few hundred dollars and some sweat equity in cleaning and tuning machines to discover). Incidentally, I'll mention that for about $2,000 you could easily purchase a wide variety of about two dozen machines (even with shipping) and be able to get something truly exceptional in terms of condition and function.

Incidentally, the higher prices of $250-600 for repaired/refurbished/restored machines being sold by repair shops are usually what Harry Beercan is using as a pricing guide when he's selling his grandmother's musty, broken, old typewriter online not knowing that several hundred dollars in labor and parts has been calculated into the selling price.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kasbah-mod-typewriters_n_1453776

Willy Wonka's Golden Typewriter - Rare Olympia SM3 & SM4 Typewriters by [[Lazy Dog Typewriters]]

The anniversary gold plated Royal QDLs included gold plated type points, levers, and even set screws on the platens.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintsugi

https://view.connect.americanpublicmedia.org/?qs=4b67c96dd579939fd9bd844055699bdeee293f04ea187ba67ab514e63f678713545e6ea21a9e4e47a466c8f9761fcdcaca521185a236c4d2f7d5d63af6400dc6b1e108d67d8d3c5a22f50f131947e1b7

Food cultures and restaurant changes can be a precursor indication of gentrification.

Interesting: comparing MakerDAO with trad monetary parallels

The Nabokov interview originally appeared in

Gold, Herbert. “Vladimir Nabokov, The Art of Fiction No. 40.” The Paris Review, 1967. https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4310/the-art-of-fiction-no-40-vladimir-nabokov.

The black lord refers to Mansa Musa, a dedicated Muslim and Emperor of West Africa during the 14th century. Land of the negroes means dark-skinned civilization. It mentions that his the richest and noblest of all lands indicate his travels because it compares other emperors' wealth and hereditary class to Mansa Musa. No other empire could compare to his status because of the natural resources of gold in Mansa land. His leadership is shown due to him being called black lord. He had vast amounts of his people following him on his travel to Mecca, which shows his people's dedication and respect for him as king.

When reading last week we read about Mansu Musa who did take a pilgrimage to Mecca. The reason being that he was remembered for his pilgrimage was because of his great wealth that he had acquired during his lifetime. He also on his pilgrimage brought with him tons of gold and he also administered many gifts to the citizens of mecca as well as the gold he brought. But in doing so he not only lowered the average price of gold but he was a swell weakening his own empire because the gold be brought was from this cities in his empire. This in turn lead to the his own country being significantly weakened by his actions.

"... accessible for free ..."

open access sampai hari ini memang hanya diartikan sebagai membuat artikel ilmiah dapat diunduh dengan membayar APC atau dikenal sebagai modus Gold OA.

Artikel oleh Peter Suber ini menjelaskan bahwa OA tidak hanya bisa dilakukan melalui jurnal Gold OA.

Often times they cheat people out of their land by making it difficult to read contracts, targetting the illiterate, amongst other things

Extractivism spills over into other social issues

Geography to consider

toxic to the people

Last phase (phase 7) before global currency failure --> hyper inflation / social unrest / possible disruption of supply chain (food shortages)

Hidden secrets of Money: verschil tussen currency en geld --> belang van goud/zilver (en niet besproken in deze video, maar bv ook bitcoin)

Volledige serie hierover, met de verschillende cyclussen uitgelegd van geld en currencies (10 afleveringen)

It was a pilgrimage to Mecca that Mansu Musa is remembered for. He was well prepared for the journey taking many people with him. He also took a very large quantity of gold that had been acquired over years and years by several generations. When he got to Cairo, he gave out large sums of gold, so much that gold became less expensive. In Cairo he became a very appreciated person but in his own city, he is remembered as a ruler who spent a large sum of money on a pilgrimage to Mecca and thus weakening his own empire for generations to come.

Elliot Management April 16 2020

Diamonds were first discovered in Brazil in 1729 near the city of Belo Horizonte. This started a diamond rush and a period of feverish migration of workers.

Major diamond rushes also took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in South Africa and South-West Africa.

Diamond rushes, like gold rushes or other types of rushes, are for Marx economic bubbles or asset bubbles (sometimes referred to today as speculative bubbles, market bubbles, price bubbles, financial bubbles, speculative manias, or balloons).

Jaume was a Majorcam Sailor who sailed down the african coast, He said to find the legendary river of gold. this map shows the ship of Jaume and his journey

These still feel like very important questions.

Looks like S&P changes its mind. See S&P price chart here

The placement of this term is quite interesting within the curriculum. It is places under "III Mathematics Pure". This leads me to believe that what is being taught here is perhaps more geared towards strategy, game theory, and probability. All of these forms of mathematics can be paralleled with war-like concepts. The use of the term Military is also quite interesting, as opposed to simply putting "strategy". A distinction is made between Military and Naval. Does this imply that Naval mathematics will be a different concept of math? Perhaps physics of water-based transportation?

In 1818, America was experiencing significant landmark moments that developed an aura of patriotism. The White House was officially reopened, marking governmental growth and a place for all Americans to once again turn their eyes. The US flag is decided by Congress for 13 alternating red and white stripes and 20 white stars. Andrew Jackson, the General, was making historic strides towards taking land from those who had previously held the power in them. In the midsts of this great growth in America, it is quite plausible that the Commissioners felt their own pull towards making a mark on America's future. The patriotic-soldieresque diction employed in this brief excerpt, "discharge", notes the tone of the Commissioners as they developed this document. They had a tone of optimism, a hope for the future. Even though this document reveals major flaws in their vision, their optimism and energy is irrefutable.

Virginia, from my understanding, highly agricultural during the time of this document. In a state full of plantations, where assumably fathers were the head of such organizations and highly separated from the functioning of his family, why is a father-son relationship an ideal? Teaching up until a fairly older range of childhood was completed by teachers or mothers. This passage underlines a belief being eventuated through the University's start-up that the most valuable content learned by a growing boy is that learned by his father. The stereotypical nurturing qualities of a mother-son relationship are not highlighted here. This passage also suggests theres an alternative setup of tutor-pupil that doesn't reflect that of a father-son relationship. Is this version the University's planners are attempting to shy away from the traditional relationship of teacher-students? If so, how does this play a role in the University's teaching methods when compared to other universities?

This segment of the Rockfish Gap Report makes an interesting suggestion that there are populations in Virginia exist outside of the white population. In a time when African-Americans were, on a wide scale, wrongly considered subhuman, this passage suggests the founders, though highly discriminatory, recognize African-Americans as a population of humans that require distinguishing from. For me, an interesting series of questions emerged. Was this distinguishing of white-populations as opposed to African-American populations a marker of a changing society or simply a need for founders to continue elevating an already all-powerful white class?

Northern Transportation Company Limited, which began as Northern Waterways Limited, was a transportation company that assisted in the radium and uranium mining on Great Bear Lake (Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre). The company had little assets including two barges and a tugboat. They were acquired by White Eagle Mines in 1934 and their name was changed to Northern Transportation Company Limited (NTCL). In 1936, NTCL was acquired by Eldorado Gold Mines Limited, which also used NTCL to service their mining sites. In 1937, NTCL purchased steel hulled boats for transport. An Eldorado mine closed in 1940, so NTCL began working on the Canol Project in 1942 to transport materials to build a new pipeline. In 1944, the Canadian government took control of NTCL and the company became the main transporter of uranium ore. NTCL took control over the Hudson Bay Company’s transport system in 1947. NTCL also assisted with construction of the DEW line. NTCL was sold to the Inuvaluit Development Corporation and Nunasi Corporation in 1985. NTCL’s main fleet was located at the Port of Hay River in 2015. NTCL was responsible for providing goods to 22 communities through specially designed shallow barges (Government of Canada). NTCL declared bankruptcy on December 30, 2016 and were acquired by Alvarez and Marsal Canada Inc.( Alvarez and Marsal Holdings, LLC).

References: "1934 Northern Transportation Company Limited." Historical Timeline of the Northwest Territories. Accessed May 05, 2017. http://www.nwttimeline.ca/1925/NTCL_1934.html.

"Northern Transportation Company Ltd." Alvarez & Marsal. January 03, 2017. Accessed May 05, 2017. https://www.alvarezandmarsal.com/NTCL#intro.

"Northern Transportation Company Limited." June 22, 2015. Accessed May 05, 2017.

The Yukon Gold Company was a gold mining company during the late 19th century, extending into the 20th century. The Yukon Gold Company was a major player in the Klondike, or Yukon, Gold Rush. When the Klondike Gold Rush began, most of the mining was performed by hand. In order to create dredges, placer gold mining machines that extract gold from sand or dirt using water and mechanical methods, miners had to find financial support (Gates). The major mining companies during the early 1900s were the Yukon Gold Company and the Canadian Klondike Mining Company. These companies merged into the Yukon Consolidated Gold Corporation (YCGC), or “The Company,” in 1923. By 1934, The Company was operating five dredges (Bostock). As the YCGC expanded, individuals created smaller mini gold rushes along the Indian and Stewart Rivers. During the 1930s, the general manager of the YCGC planned to expand the company by adding three additional dredges and new support facilities (Yukon Consolidated Gold Company Limited). The YCGC was largely successful in the 1930s due to the prevalence of cheap labor and materials, but the beginning of World War II quickly stunted this growth. The price of gold dropped significantly and the YCGC only briefly recovered to their pre-war prices in the late 1940s. The price of labor and materials increased until the YCGC stopped operation in 1966. Images of the gold dregs can be found below.

http://www.yukon-news.com/letters-opinions/when-the-monster-machines-ruled-the-creeks

References: Bostock, H. S. "The Mining Industry of Yukon, 1934." Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey, 2387th ser. (1935). Accessed May 03, 2017. http://yukondigitallibrary.ca/Publications/MiningIndustryYukon1934/Mining%20Industry%20of%20Yukon%201934.pdf

"Fonds yuk-971 - The Yukon Consolidated Gold Corporation Limited fonds." The Yukon Consolidated Gold Corporation Limited fonds - Alberta On Record. Accessed May 03, 2017. https://albertaonrecord.ca/yukon-consolidated-gold-corporation-limited-fonds.

Gates, Michael. Yukon News. September 02, 2011. Accessed May 03, 2017. http://www.yukon-news.com/letters-opinions/when-the-monster-machines-ruled-the-creeks

The Yukon Territory is a small, western Canadian territory with a rich history, including records dating back to 10,000 years go. In the Yukon Territory, there are a variety of languages spoken including Vunut Gwitchin, Han, Tutchone, Northern Tutchone, Southern Tutchone, Upper Tanana, Kaska, Tagish, and Tlingit (Pinnacle Travel). Another small ethnic group that is French-speaking remains from those who migrated from the Gold Rush. In the late 1700s, the Yukon became a major trading area between Tlingit and other Yukon people (Government of Yukon). In 1852, Tlingit traders pushed the Hudson Bay Company out of the Yukon in 1852. In 1886, a trading post was established at the Stewart River and coarse gold was found at the Fortymile River and the Yukon Gold Rush began. In 1898, the Yukon Territory Act was passed to consider the Yukon as separate from the North-West Territories, with Dawson City as its capital. In 1972, Elijah Smith and some of the Yukon First Nations tribe went to Ottawa seeking land claims. The final agreement, The Umbrella Agreement, was signed in 1993 and was signed by the governments of Canada and Yukon and the Council of Yukon First Nations. The Yukon First Nations’ final land claim was complete in 1995. In 2003, the Devolution Transfer Agreement was passed, allowing the Yukon government more control over provincial programming and powers.

References: "Government of Yukon." History - Government of Yukon- Government of Yukon. January 5, 2015. Accessed May 07, 2017. http://www.gov.yk.ca/aboutyukon/history.html.

"Pinnacle Marketing Management Inc." Pinnacle Travel. Accessed May 07, 2017. https://www.pinnacle-travel.org/yukon-culture-history/.

The Klondike gold rush is characterized by the vast movement of white prospectors through the Mackenzie Valley in pursuit of Yukon gold fields. This mass of white prospectors were primarily American. Prospectors primarily entered the valley through the Chilkoot Pass, which was a lower area of mountains that allowed prospectors to haul equipment into the valley. This movement elicited issues of land and border disputes that involved indigenous peoples and the United States and Canadian governments. Indigenous people lived on lands that were being entered by prospectors and the Canadian government wished to keep the northern territories peaceful for the use of extracting the valuable resource of gold. So, with the signing of Treaty 8 by Queen Victoria, First Nations from the Lesser Slave Lake area were displaced to an area roughly 840,000 square kilometers. With these actions of the Klondike Gold Rush and the signing of Treaty 8, “Americans and Britons successfully sought gold, displaced native groups, and lived together peaceably” (Arenson, 375-376).

The second major issue that arose during the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush was the dispute between Canadian and American lands. The disagreement occurred along the Alaskan Panhandle where the small towns of Dyea and Skagway were located. These vital port towns allowed access into the Yukon Territory (Petrakos, 366). The port towns were so valuable because they allowed people and supplies to pour into and out of the Yukon Territory. This being said, they were highly profitable, which increased tensions on the dispute over these towns. Canada feared that their land claims on the panhandle would be disregarded as the large migration of Americans to the panhandle area began to overrun the existing Canadian population present on the panhandle. This fear of disputed land spread into the Yukon gold fields as an excessive amount of Americans began to seek their Manifest Destiny. With this anxiety of American migration to the Klondike, the Canadian Government began to advocate for the movement of Canadian miners and the creation of Canadian infrastructure in the Yukon gold fields. This action came in hopes to increase the Canadian presence in the region and to bolster Canadians position in the Yukon Territory.

As a second measure to solidify Canadian territory and the border between Alaska and the Yukon Territory, the Canadian Government dispatched, “the North-West Mounted Police into the territory to establish Canadian sovereignty. These mounted police not only brought law and order to the territory, they also successfully created a border point at the Chilkoot Pass. Chilkoot Pass was the main trail for those who came to the area through the port city of Dyea (Wharton, 1972). The deployment of Mounties was highly important because at the same time the United States had flooded the disputed territory with American troops to protect American claim on the territory. Overall, the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898 was an important instance of Canadian-American border defining and the continued expulsion of aboriginal tribes for the extraction of natural resources.<br> Caption: The Chilkoot Pass in the midst of the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898. Prospectors hike up the frigid pass often making multiple trips to haul all of their gear through the pass.<br> Source: Archives Canada

Arenson, Adam. 2007. "Anglo-Saxonism in the Yukon: The Klondike Nugget and American-British Relations in the “Two Wests”; 1898-1901." Pacific Historical Review 76 (3): 373-404.

Petrakos, Christopher. 2016. "William Ogilvie, the Klondike Borderlands and the Making of the Canadian West." The American Review of Canadian Studies 46 (3): 362-379.

Wharton, David. 1972. The Alaska Gold Rush. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

2/3 jewelery 1/3 banks/investors + industrial production

It's always interesting to see that the pattern in history was always to chase riches and are fueled by promises of resource, whether it be consumable resources or precious metals.

This is not what gold OA means. Gold OA refers exclusively to material made OA by the publisher. It does not refer to any particular business model. This is a gross misclassification.