39 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2023
  2. Sep 2023
  3. Nov 2022
    1. POCKET GUIDE TO COPDDIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION

      POCKET GUIDE TO COPD DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION

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  4. Aug 2022
  5. scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu
    1. Comparison of the MakerDAO with the gold bullion and gold exchange standard

      Interesting: comparing MakerDAO with trad monetary parallels

  6. Apr 2022
  7. Apr 2021
    1. This black Lord is called Musse Melly and is the sovereign of the land of the negroes of Gineva [Ghana]. This king is the richest and noblest of all these lands due to the abundance of gold that is extracted from his lands.

      The black lord refers to Mansa Musa, a dedicated Muslim and Emperor of West Africa during the 14th century. Land of the negroes means dark-skinned civilization. It mentions that his the richest and noblest of all lands indicate his travels because it compares other emperors' wealth and hereditary class to Mansa Musa. No other empire could compare to his status because of the natural resources of gold in Mansa land. His leadership is shown due to him being called black lord. He had vast amounts of his people following him on his travel to Mecca, which shows his people's dedication and respect for him as king.

    1. Mecca. In this city, one finds the arch of Mohamed, the prophet of the Saracens who make a pilgrimage here from all regions.

      When reading last week we read about Mansu Musa who did take a pilgrimage to Mecca. The reason being that he was remembered for his pilgrimage was because of his great wealth that he had acquired during his lifetime. He also on his pilgrimage brought with him tons of gold and he also administered many gifts to the citizens of mecca as well as the gold he brought. But in doing so he not only lowered the average price of gold but he was a swell weakening his own empire because the gold be brought was from this cities in his empire. This in turn lead to the his own country being significantly weakened by his actions.

  8. Oct 2020
    1. The Indian government is pushing a bold proposal that would make scholarly literature accessible for free to everyone in the country

      "... accessible for free ..."

      open access sampai hari ini memang hanya diartikan sebagai membuat artikel ilmiah dapat diunduh dengan membayar APC atau dikenal sebagai modus Gold OA.

      Artikel oleh Peter Suber ini menjelaskan bahwa OA tidak hanya bisa dilakukan melalui jurnal Gold OA.

  9. Aug 2020
    1. Yanacocha claims legal ownership of Máxima’s land while Máxima says she never sold any of her land to the company, and the land deeds bear her name

      Often times they cheat people out of their land by making it difficult to read contracts, targetting the illiterate, amongst other things

    2. women feel the negative impacts more

      Extractivism spills over into other social issues

    3. Yanacocha is the largest gold mine in Latin America and fourth largest in the world

      Geography to consider

    4. Yanacocha mine on the area’s water quality found traces of lead, arsenic, cyanide and mercury in the drinking water, linked to the rising rates of gastrointestinal cancer amongst residents of Cajamarca

      toxic to the people

  10. May 2020
    1. Hidden secrets of Money: verschil tussen currency en geld --> belang van goud/zilver (en niet besproken in deze video, maar bv ook bitcoin)

      Volledige serie hierover, met de verschillende cyclussen uitgelegd van geld en currencies (10 afleveringen)

  11. Apr 2020
    1. Mecca.

      It was a pilgrimage to Mecca that Mansu Musa is remembered for. He was well prepared for the journey taking many people with him. He also took a very large quantity of gold that had been acquired over years and years by several generations. When he got to Cairo, he gave out large sums of gold, so much that gold became less expensive. In Cairo he became a very appreciated person but in his own city, he is remembered as a ruler who spent a large sum of money on a pilgrimage to Mecca and thus weakening his own empire for generations to come.

    1. This is a perfect environment for gold to take center stage. Fanatical debasement of moneyby all of the world’s central banks, super-low interest rates and gold mine operation and extractionissues(to a large extent related to the pandemic)should create a fertile ground for this most basic of all money and storesof value to reach its fair value, which we believe is literally multiples ofits current price. In recent months,goldhas gone up in price to some degree, but we think that it is one of the most undervalued investable assetsexisting today. There is nothing else that has its historical and fundamental characteristics,and we think that itis only beginning its inexorable, but 11impossibletotimeand placeboundaries around, uptrend.The fact that it is so under-ownedby institutional investors is astonishing to us in light of the obsessively inflationary policies being pursued by central banks around the world

      Elliot Management April 16 2020

  12. Feb 2020
    1. According to Eschwege, the total produce of the Brazilian diamond mines for the eighty years, ending in 1823, had not realised the price of one-and-a-half years’ average produce of the sugar and coffee plantations of the same country, although the diamonds cost much more labour, and therefore represented more value.

      Diamonds were first discovered in Brazil in 1729 near the city of Belo Horizonte. This started a diamond rush and a period of feverish migration of workers.

      Major diamond rushes also took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in South Africa and South-West Africa.

      Diamond rushes, like gold rushes or other types of rushes, are for Marx economic bubbles or asset bubbles (sometimes referred to today as speculative bubbles, market bubbles, price bubbles, financial bubbles, speculative manias, or balloons).

  13. Jan 2020
  14. Dec 2019
    1. Jaume Ferrer

      Jaume was a Majorcam Sailor who sailed down the african coast, He said to find the legendary river of gold. this map shows the ship of Jaume and his journey

  15. Feb 2019
  16. Jul 2018
  17. Dec 2017
    1. Military

      The placement of this term is quite interesting within the curriculum. It is places under "III Mathematics Pure". This leads me to believe that what is being taught here is perhaps more geared towards strategy, game theory, and probability. All of these forms of mathematics can be paralleled with war-like concepts. The use of the term Military is also quite interesting, as opposed to simply putting "strategy". A distinction is made between Military and Naval. Does this imply that Naval mathematics will be a different concept of math? Perhaps physics of water-based transportation?

    2. his present year 1818, and having formed a board, proceeded on that day to the discharge of the duties assigned to them by the act of the legislature

      In 1818, America was experiencing significant landmark moments that developed an aura of patriotism. The White House was officially reopened, marking governmental growth and a place for all Americans to once again turn their eyes. The US flag is decided by Congress for 13 alternating red and white stripes and 20 white stars. Andrew Jackson, the General, was making historic strides towards taking land from those who had previously held the power in them. In the midsts of this great growth in America, it is quite plausible that the Commissioners felt their own pull towards making a mark on America's future. The patriotic-soldieresque diction employed in this brief excerpt, "discharge", notes the tone of the Commissioners as they developed this document. They had a tone of optimism, a hope for the future. Even though this document reveals major flaws in their vision, their optimism and energy is irrefutable.

  18. Oct 2017
    1. The affectionate deportment between father & son offers, in truth, the best example for that of tutor & pupil

      Virginia, from my understanding, highly agricultural during the time of this document. In a state full of plantations, where assumably fathers were the head of such organizations and highly separated from the functioning of his family, why is a father-son relationship an ideal? Teaching up until a fairly older range of childhood was completed by teachers or mothers. This passage underlines a belief being eventuated through the University's start-up that the most valuable content learned by a growing boy is that learned by his father. The stereotypical nurturing qualities of a mother-son relationship are not highlighted here. This passage also suggests theres an alternative setup of tutor-pupil that doesn't reflect that of a father-son relationship. Is this version the University's planners are attempting to shy away from the traditional relationship of teacher-students? If so, how does this play a role in the University's teaching methods when compared to other universities?

    2. centrality to the white population of the whole state

      This segment of the Rockfish Gap Report makes an interesting suggestion that there are populations in Virginia exist outside of the white population. In a time when African-Americans were, on a wide scale, wrongly considered subhuman, this passage suggests the founders, though highly discriminatory, recognize African-Americans as a population of humans that require distinguishing from. For me, an interesting series of questions emerged. Was this distinguishing of white-populations as opposed to African-American populations a marker of a changing society or simply a need for founders to continue elevating an already all-powerful white class?

  19. May 2017
    1. Northern Transportation Company Limited (NTCL)

      Northern Transportation Company Limited, which began as Northern Waterways Limited, was a transportation company that assisted in the radium and uranium mining on Great Bear Lake (Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre). The company had little assets including two barges and a tugboat. They were acquired by White Eagle Mines in 1934 and their name was changed to Northern Transportation Company Limited (NTCL). In 1936, NTCL was acquired by Eldorado Gold Mines Limited, which also used NTCL to service their mining sites. In 1937, NTCL purchased steel hulled boats for transport. An Eldorado mine closed in 1940, so NTCL began working on the Canol Project in 1942 to transport materials to build a new pipeline. In 1944, the Canadian government took control of NTCL and the company became the main transporter of uranium ore. NTCL took control over the Hudson Bay Company’s transport system in 1947. NTCL also assisted with construction of the DEW line. NTCL was sold to the Inuvaluit Development Corporation and Nunasi Corporation in 1985. NTCL’s main fleet was located at the Port of Hay River in 2015. NTCL was responsible for providing goods to 22 communities through specially designed shallow barges (Government of Canada). NTCL declared bankruptcy on December 30, 2016 and were acquired by Alvarez and Marsal Canada Inc.( Alvarez and Marsal Holdings, LLC).

      References: "1934 Northern Transportation Company Limited." Historical Timeline of the Northwest Territories. Accessed May 05, 2017. http://www.nwttimeline.ca/1925/NTCL_1934.html.

      "Northern Transportation Company Ltd." Alvarez & Marsal. January 03, 2017. Accessed May 05, 2017. https://www.alvarezandmarsal.com/NTCL#intro.

      "Northern Transportation Company Limited." June 22, 2015. Accessed May 05, 2017.

    2. Yukon Gold Company

      The Yukon Gold Company was a gold mining company during the late 19th century, extending into the 20th century. The Yukon Gold Company was a major player in the Klondike, or Yukon, Gold Rush. When the Klondike Gold Rush began, most of the mining was performed by hand. In order to create dredges, placer gold mining machines that extract gold from sand or dirt using water and mechanical methods, miners had to find financial support (Gates). The major mining companies during the early 1900s were the Yukon Gold Company and the Canadian Klondike Mining Company. These companies merged into the Yukon Consolidated Gold Corporation (YCGC), or “The Company,” in 1923. By 1934, The Company was operating five dredges (Bostock). As the YCGC expanded, individuals created smaller mini gold rushes along the Indian and Stewart Rivers. During the 1930s, the general manager of the YCGC planned to expand the company by adding three additional dredges and new support facilities (Yukon Consolidated Gold Company Limited). The YCGC was largely successful in the 1930s due to the prevalence of cheap labor and materials, but the beginning of World War II quickly stunted this growth. The price of gold dropped significantly and the YCGC only briefly recovered to their pre-war prices in the late 1940s. The price of labor and materials increased until the YCGC stopped operation in 1966. Images of the gold dregs can be found below.

      http://www.yukon-news.com/letters-opinions/when-the-monster-machines-ruled-the-creeks

      References: Bostock, H. S. "The Mining Industry of Yukon, 1934." Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey, 2387th ser. (1935). Accessed May 03, 2017. http://yukondigitallibrary.ca/Publications/MiningIndustryYukon1934/Mining%20Industry%20of%20Yukon%201934.pdf

      "Fonds yuk-971 - The Yukon Consolidated Gold Corporation Limited fonds." The Yukon Consolidated Gold Corporation Limited fonds - Alberta On Record. Accessed May 03, 2017. https://albertaonrecord.ca/yukon-consolidated-gold-corporation-limited-fonds.

      Gates, Michael. Yukon News. September 02, 2011. Accessed May 03, 2017. http://www.yukon-news.com/letters-opinions/when-the-monster-machines-ruled-the-creeks

    3. Yukon Territory

      The Yukon Territory is a small, western Canadian territory with a rich history, including records dating back to 10,000 years go. In the Yukon Territory, there are a variety of languages spoken including Vunut Gwitchin, Han, Tutchone, Northern Tutchone, Southern Tutchone, Upper Tanana, Kaska, Tagish, and Tlingit (Pinnacle Travel). Another small ethnic group that is French-speaking remains from those who migrated from the Gold Rush. In the late 1700s, the Yukon became a major trading area between Tlingit and other Yukon people (Government of Yukon). In 1852, Tlingit traders pushed the Hudson Bay Company out of the Yukon in 1852. In 1886, a trading post was established at the Stewart River and coarse gold was found at the Fortymile River and the Yukon Gold Rush began. In 1898, the Yukon Territory Act was passed to consider the Yukon as separate from the North-West Territories, with Dawson City as its capital. In 1972, Elijah Smith and some of the Yukon First Nations tribe went to Ottawa seeking land claims. The final agreement, The Umbrella Agreement, was signed in 1993 and was signed by the governments of Canada and Yukon and the Council of Yukon First Nations. The Yukon First Nations’ final land claim was complete in 1995. In 2003, the Devolution Transfer Agreement was passed, allowing the Yukon government more control over provincial programming and powers.

      References: "Government of Yukon." History - Government of Yukon- Government of Yukon. January 5, 2015. Accessed May 07, 2017. http://www.gov.yk.ca/aboutyukon/history.html.

      "Pinnacle Marketing Management Inc." Pinnacle Travel. Accessed May 07, 2017. https://www.pinnacle-travel.org/yukon-culture-history/.

  20. Apr 2017
    1. Klondike gold rush of 1898

      The Klondike gold rush is characterized by the vast movement of white prospectors through the Mackenzie Valley in pursuit of Yukon gold fields. This mass of white prospectors were primarily American. Prospectors primarily entered the valley through the Chilkoot Pass, which was a lower area of mountains that allowed prospectors to haul equipment into the valley. This movement elicited issues of land and border disputes that involved indigenous peoples and the United States and Canadian governments. Indigenous people lived on lands that were being entered by prospectors and the Canadian government wished to keep the northern territories peaceful for the use of extracting the valuable resource of gold. So, with the signing of Treaty 8 by Queen Victoria, First Nations from the Lesser Slave Lake area were displaced to an area roughly 840,000 square kilometers. With these actions of the Klondike Gold Rush and the signing of Treaty 8, “Americans and Britons successfully sought gold, displaced native groups, and lived together peaceably” (Arenson, 375-376).

      The second major issue that arose during the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush was the dispute between Canadian and American lands. The disagreement occurred along the Alaskan Panhandle where the small towns of Dyea and Skagway were located. These vital port towns allowed access into the Yukon Territory (Petrakos, 366). The port towns were so valuable because they allowed people and supplies to pour into and out of the Yukon Territory. This being said, they were highly profitable, which increased tensions on the dispute over these towns. Canada feared that their land claims on the panhandle would be disregarded as the large migration of Americans to the panhandle area began to overrun the existing Canadian population present on the panhandle. This fear of disputed land spread into the Yukon gold fields as an excessive amount of Americans began to seek their Manifest Destiny. With this anxiety of American migration to the Klondike, the Canadian Government began to advocate for the movement of Canadian miners and the creation of Canadian infrastructure in the Yukon gold fields. This action came in hopes to increase the Canadian presence in the region and to bolster Canadians position in the Yukon Territory.

      As a second measure to solidify Canadian territory and the border between Alaska and the Yukon Territory, the Canadian Government dispatched, “the North-West Mounted Police into the territory to establish Canadian sovereignty. These mounted police not only brought law and order to the territory, they also successfully created a border point at the Chilkoot Pass. Chilkoot Pass was the main trail for those who came to the area through the port city of Dyea (Wharton, 1972). The deployment of Mounties was highly important because at the same time the United States had flooded the disputed territory with American troops to protect American claim on the territory. Overall, the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898 was an important instance of Canadian-American border defining and the continued expulsion of aboriginal tribes for the extraction of natural resources.<br> Caption: The Chilkoot Pass in the midst of the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898. Prospectors hike up the frigid pass often making multiple trips to haul all of their gear through the pass.<br> Source: Archives Canada

      Arenson, Adam. 2007. "Anglo-Saxonism in the Yukon: The Klondike Nugget and American-British Relations in the “Two Wests”; 1898-1901." Pacific Historical Review 76 (3): 373-404.

      Petrakos, Christopher. 2016. "William Ogilvie, the Klondike Borderlands and the Making of the Canadian West." The American Review of Canadian Studies 46 (3): 362-379.

      Wharton, David. 1972. The Alaska Gold Rush. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

  21. Mar 2016
    1. On average 2500 tonnes are ascribed to jewellery and 1000 tonnes are ascribed to retail investors, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) and industrial production in the last 10 years

      2/3 jewelery 1/3 banks/investors + industrial production

    2. The second largest source of gold, at approximately 1000 tonnes, came from central bank sales and other disposals.
    3. The largest source of gold supply, at approximately 2500 tonnes, came from mine production.
  22. Feb 2016
    1. From Mexico, Spain expanded northward. Lured by the promises of gold and another Tenochtitlán, Spanish expeditions scoured North America for another wealthy Indian empire.

      It's always interesting to see that the pattern in history was always to chase riches and are fueled by promises of resource, whether it be consumable resources or precious metals.

  23. Jan 2016
    1. Gold open access based on APCs has a number of potential advantages. It would scale with the growth in research outputs, there are potential system-wide savings, and reuse is simplified. Research funders generally reimburse publication charges, but even with broad funder support the details regarding the funding arrangements within universities it remain to be fully worked out. It is unclear where the market will set OA publication charges: they are currently lower than the historical average cost of article publication; about 25% of authors are from developing countries;
    2. The APC model itself has become more complicated, with variable APCs (e.g. based on length), discounts, prepayments and institutional membership schemes, offsetting and bundling arrangements for hybrid publications, an individual membership scheme, and so on (page 91; 93).
  24. Sep 2015
    1. the need for a currency gold reserve was to-day largely psychological so far as domestic currency was concerned?
    2. the volume of purchasing power to be issued through the banking system was not necessarily to be limited by the supplies of gold
    3. PAPER CURRENCY TO PURCHASE GOLD. Q. Now, as a matter of fact to-day our gold is purchased by the Bank of Canada with notes which it issues .... not redeemable in gold ..... in effect using printing press money .... to purchase gold? Mr. TOWERS: That is the practice all over the world
  25. Aug 2015
    1. Journals in which all peer reviewed scholarly articles are online available without any restrictions and for which an Article Processing Charge (APC) has been paid.

      This is not what gold OA means. Gold OA refers exclusively to material made OA by the publisher. It does not refer to any particular business model. This is a gross misclassification.