effects the circulations of data visualizations have onsociety

‘politics’ may beunderstood in narrow terms, as the workings of political parties, processes,and institutions. Politics may also be understood in a wider sense, as thestruggle for power more broadly, as this struggle takes place both in theprivate as well as the cultural sphere, and by symbolic as well as materialmeans.

strong and direct link to politics

used instrumentally to guidepolicy or decision-making

affective data visualizationfor mobilizing people to become political activists

Civic engagement hinges on sympathies,antipathies, identifications, passions, and so on

enable citizens to take partin political will and opinion formation as well as to form informed partypreferences

ritical citizen-ship, it may also work as a tool for misinformation and manipulation, andconsequently contribute to the erosion of informed and critical citizenship

enable people to function as citizens.

public sphere can be seen as a ‘battlefield’ for conflicting or competingideologie

2. How it works

C-1. 함수는 head에 둘 수 있지만 .js에 두는 게 좋다 (S10)

awful

entry file

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He just made Harmony do a maternity photoshoot, and it's looking more and more likely his firstborn son is going to have to do one too 😂

Ahmad seeded Irish #12 in the survey and Josh had him #9, and Irish just beat the two Erics who voted him dead last. Ahmad is a 21.8-point favorite, the biggest gap on the board. Can Irish continue his reign against all his haters?

though.

Jets ran 32 plays

If resonating is to be more than an empty phrase, one should be able to describe the mechanisms it engages.

In contrast, a different picture emerges when one conceives of inputs as temporally extended and arising through active exploration of the environment.

Ultimately, connectionism’s success depends on how much of cognition it is able to explain without having to avail itself of a language-like conceptual apparatus.

1985: APA, along with the American Educational Research Association and the National Council on Measurement in Education, issues a new set of Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. This is the fifth set of standards spanning a 30-year period. The new edition highlights rights and privileges of test takers and includes attention to nonnative English speakers, along with race, ethnicity, and culture (Wagner, 1987)

1978: Thirty representatives of the Ethnic Minority Psychology Associations (EMPAs) convene with APA leadership to urge APA to provide a strong presence for ethnic minority concerns in the organization (Jones, 1999; Smith & Pickren, 2018; Sue, 1983). They recommended the formation of a Board of Ethnic Minority Affairs (BEMA). Council rejected this proposal, and APA formed the Office of Ethnic Minority Affairs. The following year, the APA Board proposed creating a standing bylaws committee instead of BEMA, but Council rejected this and put the issue to the membership (Conger, 1980). It passed, and APA established the Board of Ethnic Minority Affairs in 1980. In 1990, BEMA was sunset, and the Committee on Ethnic Minority Affairs took its place.

1978: The first report from the President’s Commission on Mental Health is issued, documenting overrepresentation of people of color in mental health statistics and the lack of effective services for these communities. Subpanels attending to individual ethnic and racial groups stressed the presence of discriminatory barriers for people of color seeking services and the need for policies that accounted for the needs and experiences of each group (Grob, 2005).

1986: Logan Wright becomes the first American Indian to serve as president of APA, 93 years after the Association’s founding (Gray, 2012).

1979: Congressional hearings for the Truth in Testing Act are held. White psychologists testified regarding the utility of ability-based scoring and the generalizability of testing. Black psychologists reiterated that standardized testing is problematic and discriminatory (US Government Printing Office, 1980). This same year, the Federal District Court of Northern California rules in favor of five Black students who had been placed in special education classes due to their performance on psychological tests. The case centered on the use of psychological tests and their role in blocking educational and economic opportunities for Black youth in California (Larry P. v. Riles, 1979).

1974: APA sponsors the Vail Conference, leading to recommendations that any psychologist counseling persons of culturally diverse backgrounds must be trained and competent to work with such groups. This led to the establishment of several boards and committees, along with guidelines and further recommendations. However, few institutions offered training in this skill, and in 1977, fewer than 1% of psychologist counselor educators required students to study diverse cultures. Practitioners representing these groups called for specific ethical requirements and reflection of those requirements in accreditation and licensing (Casas, Ponterotto, & Gutierrez, 1986).

The author argued that reaction time was a primitive reflex and that the superior, more evolved intelligence of White participants resulted in more contemplative thought and slower reaction times. 1897: In a study of Black and White children, Stetson (1897) found that Black children outperformed White children on a memory task. The author attributed this to the greater mnemonic ability of their “primitive brains.” He further described Black children as being deficient in reasoning.

scientific racism—defined as the use of scientific concepts and data to create and justify ideas of an enduring biologically based hierarchy (Winston, 2020)

a central early event in the study of individual differences and psychometrics in European and U.S. psychology

Psychologist Raymond Cattell argues against the “mixture of blood between racial groups” (Cattell, 1933, p. 155). A few years later, he declared that Black individuals have “contributed practically nothing to social progress and culture” and argued against their full citizenship (Cattell, 1937, p. 56). Cattell argued that these individuals should “be brought to euthanasia” for this inferiority. In 1972, he again argued that such “race mixing” would result in “the intelligent maintainers of the culture being completely replaced by lower intelligences” (Cattell, 1972, p. 154). He continued to maintain the dangers of race-mixing through the early 1990s.

The Johnson-Reed Act passes, limiting immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and favoring immigrants from Northern and Western Europe. The goal of the Act, as stated, was to preserve American homogeneity. Italians, Greeks, and Eastern European Jews were heavily impacted and Syrian immigration was limited to 100 people per year. It further extended a ban on Asian immigration. Psychological research was cited by eugenics leaders in congressional testimony leading up to passage of the Act. It was argued that immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe were endowed with inherently poor genetic material and that restriction was needed to preserve American racial stock (Doyle, 2014; Laughlin, 1923; Tucker, 1994; Gelb, Allen, Futterman, & Mehler,1986 ).

Culturally biased test questions and examination procedures, along with an assumption of White, American normativity, led to results that established a clear racial hierarchy of performance with White, American-born recruits scoring highest on IQ tests and Black recruits, particularly those from the American south, scoring the lowest. 89% of Black recruits were labeled by the Committee as “morons” (Kevles, 1968; Rury, 1988; Yerkes, 1921).

the gap between research and practice is particularly wide for racial and ethnic minorities.

Whitney blames “organized Jewry” for suppressing the “truth” about racial differences.

Figure

formula

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Find the dot product of v1=5⁢i+2⁢j

The dot product of two vectors v=⟨a,b⟩

travels

and a direction angle θ

general form of the vector.

vectors

written

of

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First find the standard position. v=⟨7−3,4−2⟩=⟨4,2⟩

Figure

have

Example 8.8.5

vector

drawn

have

magnitude

you

Find accountability.

Stay on track.

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In 1977, the Health Care Financing Administration was established within the Department ofHealth, Education, and Welfare (renamed the Department of Health and Human Services in1980). The National Medical Care Expenditure Survey (NMCES) of that year provided detaileddata on how much individuals were spending on health care

The Social Security Act was passed in 1935, which includedgrants for Maternal and Child Health, which restored many of the programs established under theSheppard-Towner Act.4 It also expanded the role of the Children’s Bureau to include childwelfare services.

If students cannot answer a question, the teacher may need to rephrase the question,

Recognizing what type of practice you are requiring students to engage in

The first two, equivalent and analogous, are forms of appropriate practice, meaning they align with the learning objective

palpable change in the economic scene during these years that was crucial to thedefeat of universal health care and other progressive reform plans. For some threedecades following World War II, as Dean Baker explains in The End of LoserLiberalism, strong economic growth in the United States had been accompaniedby a growth of income at all levels on the economic ladder.

In his 1960 The Constitution of Liberty, Hayek presented what is essentiallythe philosophical essence of health care neoliberalism, an ideology that wouldlater be complemented by developments in the arena of health economics andhealth policy. Hayek argued that the case for “a free health service” rested on afundamental philosophical error, namely on the idea that people’s medical needscould have “an objectively ascertainable character.

The numbers of the uninsured continued torise, but so too did “underinsurance”

ey weren’tsimply avoiding the doctor when they had the sniffles—they were avoidingneeded health care, as well.

Ludendorff finally realised that the war could not be won but he still heldhopes that a peace with favourable conditions was possible as German troopswere standing in France and Belgium and controlled most of EasternEurope.

he Allies attacked with superior manpower, artillery fire and tanks, and amuch higher morale. The failure of the spring offensive and the success of theAllied attacks were disastrous for the morale of German soldiers, and theeffect on the morale of the High Command was even more disastrous

artillery and aerialsuperiority was overwhelming and the assault troops were well equipped withLewis guns and mortars. Every battalion was accompanied by six tanks. Theresult of the attack was an impressive victory.

he Allied attacks did not go furtherthan their artillery could reach

offensives were launched in rapid succession to prevent the OHL fromdirecting reinforcements to critical points

Foch devised a plan consisting of a series of attacks aimed at reachingimportant railway hubs and improving the lines of communication.

Theirsuperiority in terms of firepower was re-established in the summer of 1918.Rupprecht realised much earlier than Ludendorff that morale among theGerman soldiers was droppin

utthey anticipated that counter-attacks and offensives with narrow objectivescould be effective and break the morale of the German army.

Germans held positions which still had tobe fortified. The soldiers were much more vulnerable to Allied attacks than inthe fortified positions they had held before the spring offensive.

he German army hadretaken old battlefields or territory which had been destroyed by its troopsduring the tactical retreat to the Hindenburg Line

All in all, the German offensives had made considerable territorial gains,but none of the strategic objectives had been achieved. The BEF and theFrench army had neither been separated, nor had the British troops beenpushed back to the Channel ports, nor had Paris been taken

aunched a successful counter-attack – also using tanks – against theGerman Fifth and Seventh Armies on 18 July, which forced the Germans toretreat to Soissons on the River Aisn

Once again logistical, especially transportation problems prevented theGerman army from exploiting the strategic opportunities. The attack divisionswere exhausted and supplies, artillery and fresh troops could not be broughtforward quickly enough

Casualties were high, as here – wherethe BEF could not afford to lose much ground – the defences were deep andheavily fortified. Ludendorff stopped the offensive on 29 April.

The German troopswere exhausted and too far from the railway heads. The lines were over-stretched, there was insufficient motorised transportation and horses, andneither fresh troops nor supplies could be brought forward quickly enough

he front waspushed back forty miles in some areas, but neither had the BEF and the Frencharmy permanently been separated nor had Amiens with its important railwayhub been taken.3

he opposition of Haig and Pétain against aunified High Command was finally overcome.

aw the chance to drive a wedge between the BEF and the Frencharmy and inflict the deadly blow on the Allies he had hoped for.

stiff resistance of the British Third Army, but Ludendorff alsoseemed to believe that the BEF had been beaten and that it was now time toturn against the French army to prevent reinforcements being sent to theBritish.

Operation Michael had succeeded on one section of the front where astrategic victory was beyond the possibilities of the German army.Ludendorff, however, had the Eighteenth Army push on, not, as planned, ina north-westerly direction but south and south-west

As the Britishhad just taken over part of the front from the French army, the principles ofdeep defence had not yet been fully applied

EF held on to the strategically crucial Vimy Ridge andprevented the German troops from reaching their objectives. Progress wasmade but casualties on the German side were high

Ludendorff referred to his experience on the Eastern Front: attack, find theweak spots, use the momentum and push forward. This gave the offensive ahigh degree of flexibility but the inherent flaw of this plan was that the attackcould splinter into a number of advances without achieving a decisivevictory.

Here the German troops would have to cross the old Somme battlefield.This was also very difficult terrain but not as muddy as ‘Flanders fields’

the morale of the British soldiers after the costly offensives of1917 would be low, and decided to attack the BEF first.

The German High Command hadexperienced the resilience of French soldiers and shrank back from taking onthe French army at Verdun, the logical point for an offensive

developed a new method ofdirecting fire without ranging shots. The artillery aimed its fire at the enemy’sbatteries, Headquarters and lines of communication.

brief period of artillery preparation before attacks usinghurricane bombardment with the aim of preventing the Allies from learning earlyon where the major blow would fall.

The German army used combined-arms and infiltration tactics, which hadbeen successfully applied by General Oskar von Hutier in the Battle of Riga andwhich were later tested at Caporetto and during the counter-attack at Cambrai.

etter fightingefficiency

The troops lived off the country and tried to extract more resources(especially food) from Ukraine. This led to local uprisings which were crushedby German and Austrian troops, generating even more disaffection.

he defeat of the Russian Empire wasthe precondition for the independence of half a dozen nations.

negotiations should begin without conditions and be based on the principleof no annexations or reparations. The offer of peace also included the right ofself-determination of nations which – as later became clear – opened up thepossibility for manipulation.

y 1918 Czechs and Slovaks were also hoping for an independent state. Thevague promise of more autonomy if the Central Powers won the war wasundercut by the very real possibility of independence in the event of an Alliedvictory.

Wilson did not demand the dissolution of both empires but proposedautonomy for their nationalities.

right of self-determination of all nations.

He took a gamble, placing all his hopes on thesuccess of the spring offensive

German ambitions and thevolatile situation in the former Russian Empire prevented the full weight ofGerman military power from being directed to the Western Front.

Ludendorff shared the imperialist dreams of some of the military, political andeconomic elite, and wanted to fully exploit the collapse of the Russian Empireand the power vacuum it created by expanding borders, promoting colonisa-tion and securing German dominance in Eastern Europe for the foreseeablefuture.

Social Media managing programs that help people schedule and coordinate posts

Excessive Profit Making. Many Americans express preference for a health care system that doesnot include or at least does not depend on profit-making companies. Even more Americans oppose thehuge profits made by some health care companies knowing that those profits can make services availableto fewer people.

Many experts believe that the most important factor driving up health care costs is expensive new med-ical technologies. There is more emphasis in the United States than in any other country on quicklyincorporating new medical technologies. This occurs for several reasons. Medical providers want tooffer the best possible care to patients, and high-technology innovations are often viewed as the high-est-quality treatments. Hospitals often engage in fierce competition with each other and want to attracttop physicians and other providers. Having the latest equipment (whether or not it substantially improvespatient outcomes) can be an effective marketing device both to the community and to medical providers(Bodenheimer 2005).

on average paid US$6,200 (83 percent) and the employee paid US$1,270 (17 percent). Employeestypically pay a moderately higher percentage for a family policy. In 2020. The average family insurancepolicy cost US$21,342 of which employers paid US$15,579 (73 percent) and employees paid US$5,763(27 percent).

This was the advent of a private-market, employer-based health insurance system. Individuals andfamilies without employer-sponsored health insurance but with sufficient wealth could purchase theirown policies. Those without health insurance coverage and without adequate financial resources couldnot afford to access the system, but this was seen as an acceptable result for people who had not suc-cessfully competed in the job world.

Scholars note several defining moments fromthe 18th century through the modern day, such as observations of differences in health conditions between thewealthy and the impoverished, among people employed in various industries, and between those with and withoutaccess to clean water (Bynum, 1983; LaBerge, 1993; Porter, 1991).

O Time, thou must untangle this, not I. 0701  It is too hard a knot for me t’ untie.

"No," he said aloud in the stillness of the attic. "Atreyu wouldn't give up just because things were getting a little rough. What I've started I must finish. I've gone too far to turn back. Regardless of what may happen, I have to go forward."

Even if Atreyu had wanted to turn back and had known what direction to take, it would not have been possible. He had gone too far and could only keep on going. If only he himself had been involved, he might have sat down in a cave and quietly waited for death, as the Greenskin hunters did. But he was engaged in the Great Quest: the life of the Childlike Empress and of all Fantastica was at stake. He had no right to give up.

all from my cup of tea

And suddenly the memory returns.

the object of my quest, the truth, lies not in the cup but in myself

a shudder ran through my whole body

The past is hidden somewhere outside the realm, beyond the reach of intellect, in some material object

initialize it to 1,

produce them ourselves

previously done with a for loop

while loop in context

expression evaluates to True.

The novel's main themes are time and memory and the power of art

Swann’s Way, the first volume of In Search of Lost Time

he even called himself an owl

his bedroom lined with cork

he always knew that he wanted to be a writer.

In 1910, he had his bedroom lined with cork to block out the deafening noise of daytime Paris because he slept during the day and wrote through the night, after returning home from some of Paris's most exclusive salons. He was known as the city's most famous recluse, he even called himself an owl because he wrote while listening to his “nocturnal Muse.”

Marcel Proust was born on July 10, 1871 in the Paris suburb of Auteuil. His father, Dr. Adrien Proust, was one of France's most distinguished scientists. His mother, Jeanne Weil, was a well-educated woman who loved the great classic writers of the 17th century, especially Molière and Racine

Whether in professional or personal contexts, positive verbal and nonverbal feedback can boost others’ confidence, and negative feedback, when delivered constructively, can provide important perception checking and lead to improvements

Listenable messages are orally delivered messages that are tailored to be comprehended by a listener

Le Petit Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

turned away.

he shrank from the bosom of Faith,

Brown turn pale, dreading lest the roof should thunder down upon the grey blasphemer and his hearers

as if to avoid

"look up to heaven and resist the Wicked One!"

Evil is the nature of mankind.

Ye deemed them holier than yourselves, and shrank from your own sin, contrasting it with their lives of righteousness,

cried a voice, that echoed through the field and rolled into the forest.

There is no good on earth;

Faith! Faith!" a

"That old woman taught me my catechism!"

Goody Cloyse

As he spoke he pointed his staff at a female figure on the path

But, were I to go on with thee, how should I meet the eye of that good old man, our minister, at Salem village? Oh, his voice would make me tremble, both Sabbath day and lecture day!

I have been as well acquainted with your family as with ever a one among the Puritans; and that 's no trifle to say. I helped your grandfather, the constable, when he lashed the Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem. And it was I that brought your father a pitch-pine knot, kindled at my own hearth, to set fire to an Indian village, in king Philip's War. They were my good friends, both; and many a pleasant walk have we had along this path, and returned merrily after midnight. I would fain bę friends with you for their sake.”

"Too far, too far!"

Le Petit Prince (1943)

His profession nourished his writing

컨트롤러가 한 번 만들어서 넘기는 이유

To improve listening at the receiving stage, prepare yourself to listen, discern between intentional messages and noise, concentrate on stimuli most relevant to your listening purpose(s) or goal(s), be mindful of the selection and attention process as much as possible, pay attention to turn-taking signals so you can follow the conversational flow, and avoid interrupting someone while they are speaking in order to maintain your ability to receive stimuli and listen.

Environmental factors such as lighting, temperature, and furniture affect our ability to listen. A room that is too dark can make us sleepy, just as a room that is too warm or cool can raise awareness of our physical discomfort to a point that it is distracting.

Self-hosting

We discover new planets that were not included in the book! So we will be able to share and commune with the French public around this unique work, but also discover the genesis of the work and recall the life of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, a life of commitment to the service of humanistic and positive values. He was at the same time a simple man, a hero and a visionary.

The discovery of the original watercolors of The Little Prince (for the first time in the world) in the Museum of Decorative Arts exhibition will be a moment of fantastic emotional intensity for the public

The Little Prince has the power of poetic seduction, enchantment and healing. It has the power to bring us serenity and hope. It is of capital use for each one of us. Therefore, it is useful and advisable to reread it frequently.

It is first and foremost a book that consoles the loss of a loved one; there are millions of testimonies in this sense. It is also a guide and a survival manual in this absurd world (in the Camusian sense of the term) for those who doubt or wonder about the meaning of life, death and relationships between individuals. It is an esoteric book that brings real answers to these questions if we know how to read between the lines.

The Little Prince, which was commissioned by his American publisher (Antoine de Saint-Exupéry was in New York at the time, between 1941 and 1943, before going off to war in North Africa), started out as a nice project to pay the bills and became, through the miracle of my great-uncle’s inspiration and genius, the most universal, timeless and modern fable, which has spoken to people for nearly 80 years (1943-2023).

It is central because it is the best-known work. It is the most translated book in the world (480 languages) and the number of editions and copies sold worldwide (more than 200 million) has been countless. Unique because this literary object does not resemble a novel or the rest of his work. The form is rather like a tale, supposedly for children, but which is in fact addressed to adults (who have not forgotten their childhood). Its success is due as much to the watercolors painted by the author himself as the text.

In 1998, a French fisherman found Saint-Exupéry’s identity bracelet in the ocean off Marseille, and two years later divers found the remains of his aircraft in the same area. This led to the rediscovery of reports from August 1944, of the discovery of a body that could not be identified but was in French uniform washing ashore nearby at that time. Yet this location was far off Saint-Exupéry’s flight path. Although there were reports, never confirmed, that a German pilot had shot down an aircraft like a P-38 in the area on July 31, underwater archaeologists were unable to find any evidence of damage from enemy action in the remains of the aircraft.

He therefore returned to service in North Africa as a reconnaissance pilot in April 1943, flying an F-5B variant of the P-38 Lightning. A crash on his second flight boded ill for Saint-Exupéry’s future, but he was nevertheless ushered back into service after recuperating.

When World War II began in 1939, Saint-Exupéry was in the process of recovering from severe injuries he had received in yet another aircraft crash in Guatemala during the previous year.

From there he flew throughout the region, among other things rescuing pilots whose aircraft had gone down in the harsh and forbidding region. The skills he learned in this work would come in handy later on.

Early in 1923 he crashed his airplane and suffered a skull fracture. Undeterred, he began a career as a mail pilot, flying all over western Europe and North Africa.

he joined the French military in 1921. His first posting was to the cavalry, but ever since taking his first airplane flight in 1912 he had wanted to be a pilot.

lost his life under mysterious circumstances during World War II.

I still don’t know where that original book ended up, but I think I’m okay with not finding it. Maybe some things don’t need me to come back to them. Maybe moving forward once and for all is the best course of action. At the end of the day, maybe the point of The Little Prince isn’t that the Aviator and the Prince both go home at the end, but that they left in the first place. Maybe it’s less about being lonely and missing home and more about making the connections that will make us feel at home wherever we are. I know I’m still struggling to learn these lessons, but I know this book will find a way of showing up in my life whenever I need it.

To call The Little Prince anything but a bittersweet story would be a mistake. There’s an emotional depth to it that goes beyond what most children’s stories achieve.

The Little Prince is obstinately considered a book for children, but the story is one perhaps not fully appreciated until later in life.

The Little Prince, however, is one that keeps appearing in my life whenever I seem to need it the most. I am immensely grateful to whatever god of stories is out there for putting this book in my life.

All this evidence of my favorite book’s widespread popularity made me jealous: The Little Prince, I have always believed, was mine—as if it was a book uniquely meant for me.

A peculiar peace descends onmy mind, as if I partially cease to exist andsomebody else’s soul is living in me insteadof my own.