Spirituals, folk songs, folktales, jokes, proverbs, and other literature emerging from the oral tradition among enslaved Southerners typically used African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), sometimes also called Black English, formerly called “Negro dialect.”
African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) = a variety of English spoken by many African American people
au·to·trophan organism that is able to create it's own food from sunlight or chemicals (like plants and algae!)
carbapenem
Kháng sinh carbapenem thuộc phân nhóm beta-lactam có phổ diệt khuẩn rộng nhất trong y khoa. Chúng thường được xem là "vũ khí cuối cùng" (thuốc dự trữ ưu tiên cao) để điều trị các ca nhiễm trùng nặng, đe dọa tính mạng do vi khuẩn đa kháng thuốc gây ra.
Long ago my forefathers came across the sea. Far they came, in white ships tall as trees and on the land they built them wagons and covered them with sails of their ships. Far they travelled and spread their campfire ashes over this vast barbaric land. But now their children are tired, we want to build
Defintion of an important concept: This paragraph along with the others that discuss history, depicts the racial opression and social tension that has existed between white and black people. It shows the unequal power dynamic of the white man in control and the black man forced to perform the heavy labor under the extreme heat and weather conditions. This represents an important event in history of apartheid in South Africa in the 1900s.
Mental disorder (earlier entitled “illness” or “disease”) is ascribed to deviations from normal thoughts, reasoning, feelings, attitudes, and actions that are considered socially or personally dysfunctional and apt for treatment.
The practice is emblematic of Silicon Valley’s newest form of conspicuous consumption, known as “tokenmaxxing,” which has turned token usage into a benchmark for productivity and a competitive measure of who is most AI native.
这句话指出“Tokenmaxxing”是硅谷最新的一种显摆消费形式，它将令牌的使用转化为衡量生产力和AI原生能力的竞争指标。
A system that can look up any fact has not been forced to find structure. It has not been forced to generalize. The lossy compression that makes training so powerful, the mechanism that turns raw data into transferable representations, is exactly what we shut off the moment we deploy.
这个观点揭示了检索与学习的本质区别。当前AI系统虽然可以检索任何事实，但被迫寻找结构和归纳的能力却被关闭了。这挑战了我们对AI'智能'的理解，暗示真正的智能需要能够从经验中学习和归纳，而不仅仅是检索信息。
Behavioral economists have a name for the steps we take to guard against temptation: a “Ulysses pact.” That’s when you take some possibility off the table during a moment of strength in recognition of some coming moment of weakness:
"The set of efforts aimed at breaking past the feasible horizon of current techniques."
Action建议：明确定义持续学习为突破当前技术可行边界的努力集合。这种定义有助于确定研究方向和评估进展。
solving 1000 separate 1-hour math problems isn't a 1000-hour task; we'd consider it a 1-hour task done 1000 times.
这个定义区分揭示了时间地平线框架的核心洞见：真正衡量 AI 自主性的，是「无法并行化的连续推理深度」，而非「并行处理的吞吐量」。1000 个独立数学题可以用 1000 个 API 调用同时解决；而「迭代调试一个复杂系统，每个修复都依赖前一个尝试的结果」，才是真正考验时间地平线的任务类型。这个框架把「深度推理连续性」确立为 AI 自主能力的核心度量维度。
The task-completion time horizon is the task duration (measured by human expert completion time) at which an AI agent is predicted to succeed with a given level of reliability.
令人惊讶的是，「时间地平线」衡量的不是 AI 花了多长时间，而是人类完成同等任务需要多久——这个设计决策揭示了评测哲学的深层选择：以人类劳动时间作为任务难度的标尺，而非 AI 的实际耗时。这意味着「2 小时时间地平线」是一个关于任务复杂度的声明，而不是关于 AI 速度的声明。两者经常被混淆，而这个混淆正是公众误解 AI 能力的根源之一。
We refer to this phenomenon as the LLM exhibiting functional emotions: patterns of expression and behavior modeled after humans under the influence of an emotion, which are mediated by underlying abstract representations of emotion concepts.
「功能性情绪」这个概念定义极为精准又令人不安：它不是真实的主观体验，却是真实的行为驱动机制。Anthropic 造了一个新词来描述这种现象——模型没有意识，但有「情绪的功能」——这条分界线在哲学上极难站稳，在工程上却至关重要。
The first strategy is called maximum automation. Here, each task that can be automated is allo-cated to a machine.
It has been defined as “a device or system that accomplishes (partially or fully) a function that waspreviously, or conceivably could be, carried out (partially or fully) by a human operator” [638].
Shared control is about carrying out a task together with a competent partner [1, p. 511]:“In shared control, human(s) and robot(s) are interacting congruently in a perception–actioncycle to perform a dynamic task that either the human or the robot could execute individuallyunder ideal circumstances.”
An example of such control sharing is powersteering in a car: The car provides additional work to allow the driver to turn the wheels withless effort. An HCI example is mouse acceleration, which allows a user to move the cursor on thescreen farther than the physical movement of the mouse.
Second, control can be shared via relief, which means that the overall burden on the humanis reduced by the machine. An example is automatic shift transmission, which relieves the driverof the task of changing gears in a car. An HCI example is text entry using autocomplete, whichprevents the user from correcting typing mistakes as they type.
Third, control can be shared via partitioning. In this case, a task is decomposed into parts thatcan be addressed by humans and machines separately. An example of such control sharing is semi-automatic parallel parking, which provides the driver with some braking ability while the machinecontrols the speed and steering of the car. An HCI example is automatic spell checking, where thesystem detects and highlights incorrectly spelled words but does not change them. Instead, theuser has to take an explicit corrective action, such as selecting a misspelled word and choosing analternative.
Automation refers to technology that assists users by performing a task or a subtask on their behalf.
Automation technology is capable of doing things on its own. Wecall such technology an agent, also sometimes called a software agent, intelligent agent, conversa-tional agent, personal digital assistant, or intelligent interactive system.
a world model is a model or framework centered on perception, equipped with interaction and long-term memory capabilities, for understanding and predicting the complex world
大多数人认为世界模型主要是关于预测和模拟物理世界的系统，但作者认为世界模型必须同时具备感知、交互和长期记忆三种核心能力，这挑战了传统上认为世界模型主要是预测系统的观点，因为作者强调理解与预测同样重要。
we propose a clear definition: a world model is a model or framework centered on perception, equipped with interaction and long-term memory capabilities, for understanding and predicting the complex world.
大多数人认为世界模型主要关注预测和生成能力，但作者提出世界模型必须同时具备感知、交互和长期记忆能力，这是一个更广泛的定义，挑战了当前AI领域对世界模型的狭隘理解。这种定义扩展了传统预测模型的边界，将交互性和记忆能力作为核心要素。
Cognitive integration means that we internalize the operation of the tool.
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TTF refers to the ability of technology to support a task [197]. The capabilities of the technology should match the demands of the task and the skills of the individual; in this case, the fit is perfect.
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One prominent definition of accessibility is given by ISO 9241-171, which defines it as "the usability of a product, service, environment or facility by people with the widest range of capabilities."
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The second dimension, social acceptability, concerns whether interactions map well to the social norms and roles in the settings where they occur.
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The first dimension, practical acceptability, includes costs, the reliability of the interactive system, and its compatibility with other systems.
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acceptability of the tool, that is, whether users choose to use the tool when given that option.
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usability is relational; it arises as an interplay between people, tasks (problems), and interactive systems (tools)
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the "extent to which a system, product or service can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use."
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Usability concerns how easily computer-based tools may be operated by users trying to accomplish a task. Usability differs from utility. Usability concerns whether users can use the product in a way that makes it possible to realize its utility; utility is about whether the goal is important to the user.
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The utility of an interactive system concerns its match with the tasks of users. If the match is good, the tool has high utility; if the tasks that users want to do are not supported by the tool, the tool has low utility.
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What makes these objects tools is that they are not attached to the body but can be held to bring about changes in the condition of other objects [772]. By extension, the idea of tool use in human–computer interaction (HCI) is that a computer system is a tool for controlling something else.
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Newman and Taylor presented a concrete approach to selecting usability measures, which they called selecting critical parameters, that is,
Annotate the most important metrics presented in the paper
Research has shown that SUS can discriminate between systems with poor and good usability, can be used with a range of technologies, correlates modestly with task performance, correlates well with other questionnaires, and has good reliability.
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The UMUX-Lite consists of just two items,
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The answers to these questions are summed to calculate the overall SUS score. For odd-numbered items, subtract 1 from each score (1–5); for even-numbered items, subtract each score from 5. Then, sum these values to obtain the total SUS score.
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The SUS consists of 10 questions answered on a Likert scale (from
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The User Burden Scale is a questionnaire for measuring the felt burden in software use. It consists of six subscales: difficulty of use, physical burden, time and social burden, mental and emotional burden, privacy burden, and financial burden.
Annotate the most important metrics presented in the paper
Robustness refers to the communication partners' ability to achieve shared understanding even in light of misunderstandings and other unanticipated troubles.
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Communication repair refers to the "work of restoring shared understanding" when conversational partners misunderstand each other.
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Mixed-initiative interaction is the idea of organizing interaction in dialogue where both the computer and the human can take initiative.
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Gulf of evaluation: This gulf refers to knowing how a perceived change in the computer has moved it closer to the intended goal state.
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Gulf of execution: This gulf is about knowing what to do to bring about a desired state change in the computer.
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Code-switching refers to a switch in language to match the capabilities of the communication partner.
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An FSM is a model of discrete computation applicable to dialogues. In computer science, an FSM is a special case of a Turing machine that reads but does not write on the tape.
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A mode refers to the variation in the interpretation of a user's input according to an internal state. In a modeless dialogue, all inputs are possible in all states and their interpretation is always the same.
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The key idea in the dialogue view of interaction is the organization of communication as a series of turns. Dialogue evolves through communication turns between two or more partners. In one turn, an appropriate communication act is made by one partner based on the communication context. The act aims to get the other partner to do or understand something. This understanding then forms the context within which the other partner takes their turn.
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Interaction may be viewed as a dialogue, that is, a conversation that occurs between two partners in a context for some purpose.
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Accessibility is an extension of usability to ensure that as many people as possible find a tool easy to operate, regardless of individual capabilities.
a sentence defining a concept
Usability refers to the ease with which a tool is operated.
a sentence defining a concept
Utility captures how well a tool supports users in achieving their goals.
a sentence defining a concept
A model is a formally expressed set of propositions that follows some axiomatic system, such as algebra, logic, or a programming language.
a sentence defining a concept
The explanatory power of a theory refers to the empirical accuracy and coverage of the explanations offered by the theory.
a sentence defining a concept
A latent factor is something that affects observations about interaction without being directly observable.
a sentence defining a concept
Finally, in quantitative determination, interaction is described as a continuous unfolding of states.
a sentence defining a concept
In structural determination, the end results of the interaction are jointly determined by multiple causes that make up the whole.
a sentence defining a concept
In statistical determination, there is a stochastic relationship between the two entities.
a sentence defining a concept
In mechanical determination, an antecedent determines a consequent.
a sentence defining a concept
Propositions characterize entities and link them to other entities, some of which are conceptual.
a sentence defining a concept
All theories of interaction discussed in this part assume intentionality: People have goalsthat have a (mutually) causal role in interaction.
In teleological determination, goals or purposes determine interaction in some way.
a sentence defining a concept
Each state dynamically leads to a new state depend-ing on the forces involved.
Finally, in quantitative determination, interaction isdescribed as a continuous unfolding of states.
In mechanical determination, an antecedentdetermines a consequent.
Propositionscharacterize entities and link them to other entities, some of which are conceptual.
A proposition is a claim about the world.
a sentence defining a concept
In general, a theory consists of a set of propositions, or statements.
Cette page présente la définition de la musique et explique ses principales composantes comme le rythme ou la mélodie. il est expliqué que la musique consiste à mettre des notes et des silences sur des mesures pour créé une suite musicale. Cette ressource est pertinente pour mon sujet car elle permet de comprendre les éléments fondamentaux qui composent la musique.
ow biological intelligence could be synthesised, which we have termed Synthetic Biological Intelligence (SBI)
for - definition - Synthetic Biological Intelligence (SBI) - Cortical Labs.
Universal basic income (UBI) refers to proposed systems that replace some social insurance programs with periodic cash paymentsto every citizen.
rhetoric: authors/editors use an objective definition of Universal Basic Income
inference: I have seen this a lot over the last few years. Andrew Yang mentioned it for his presidential campaigns, and gave the opinion a lot of credibility. This helps to explain or establish the concept in my paper, which I can present as a false solution that harms everyone involved, including the taxpayers. It is proposed as the "solution" to AI disrupting the workplace today!
astroturfed.
for - definition - astroturfed - disguise (an orchestrated marketing or public relations campaign) in such a way as to present it as having arisen from unsolicited public comments. (Dictionary)
The development of a professional identity as a counselor is the result of training, practice, and integration into a community of professional counselors and is defined as the synthesis of personal and professional behaviors, values, ethics, and worldview.
SECTION 1A - Definition of professional identity. Foundational quote for paper.
Reference
Preprints. (2024). Traditional ecological knowledge and environmental stewardship. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1838.v1
"Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) refers to the cumulated wisdom, practices, and beliefs concerning their natural environment developed over centuries by indigenous and local communities"(Preprints,2024)
This definition explains that Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is not just a information about nature but it is a system that includes historical knowledge developed over past generations. The phrase "long term interaction" is important because it shows that TEK knowledge comes from repeated experience with same land over time. TEK focus on continuous observation and adaptation as compared to scientific research which focus on limited timeframes. This definition gave clarification that TEK is structured and intentional, not outdated or random knowledge. TEK challenges modern science that Environmental knowledge only comes from modern science.
Unitig A uniquely assembleable subset of overlapping fragments. A unitig is an assembly offragments for which there are no competing choices in terms of internal overlaps. Thismeans that a unitig is either a correctly assembled portion of a contig or it is anovercompressed assembly of several high-fidelity copies of a repeat.
virtual Bismarck
for - definition - virtual Bismarck
mirror life
for - definition - mirror life - progress trap
science of interpretability
for - definition - interpretability - Claude training
Constitutional AI,
for - definition - constitutional AI
freedom of embodiment.
for - definition - freedom of embodiment - Michael Levin
vanishes when the computer is turned off.
volatile memory
illicit
not authorized or allowed; improper.
ethnographer
an expert in or a student of ethnography
memex
for - definition - memex
There’s a new kind of coding I call “vibe coding”, where you fully give in to the vibes, embrace exponentials, and forget that the code even exists. It’s possible because the LLMs (e.g. Cursor Composer w Sonnet) are getting too good. Also I just talk to Composer with SuperWhisper so I barely even touch the keyboard. I ask for the dumbest things like “decrease the padding on the sidebar by half” because I’m too lazy to find it. I “Accept All” always, I don’t read the diffs anymore. When I get error messages I just copy paste them in with no comment, usually that fixes it. The code grows beyond my usual comprehension, I’d have to really read through it for a while. Sometimes the LLMs can’t fix a bug so I just work around it or ask for random changes until it goes away. It’s not too bad for throwaway weekend projects, but still quite amusing. I’m building a project or webapp, but it’s not really coding—I just see stuff, say stuff, run stuff, and copy paste stuff, and it mostly works.
vibecoding original description by Andrej Karpathy
Quickly distorted to mean any code created w llm assistance. Note: [[Martijn Aslander p]] follows this dev quite closely (dictation, accept always, it mostly works)
coding agents—LLM systems that can write code, execute that code, inspect the results and then iterate further.
author def of coding agents
f you define agents as LLM systems that can perform useful work via tool calls over multiple steps then agents are here and they are proving to be extraordinarily useful. The two breakout categories for agents have been for coding and for search.
recognisable, ai agents as chunked / abstracted away automation. This also creates the pitfall [[After claiming to redeploy 4,000 employees and automating their work with AI agents, Salesforce executives admit We were more confident about…. - The Times of India]] where regular automation is replaced by AI.
Most useful for search and for coding
Be-schränkungen für unser Handeln
phento Buddhism
for - definition - femto Buddhism
Being able to use the tools you have and new ways to solve problems you've never seen before. That is not a weird way to define intelligence,
for - definition - intelligence - Michael Levin - to be able to use tools to find new ways to solve problems (reach goals)
information fasts
for - definition - information fast
for - Medium article - cogress - Part 1 - progress trap - James Gien Wong - definition - cogress - to - Medium article cogress - Part 2 - progress trap - James Gien Wong - https://hyp.is/t8FhpDGAEfC4J7f0NEFujg/medium.com/@gien_SRG/human-cogress-part-2-d6fd075a55c7 - to - Stop Reset Go hypothesis annotations - progress trap - Ronald Wright - https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=ronald+wright - General - https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=progress+trap - from - youtube - Planet Critical interview - Samuel Miller MacDonald - The Myth of Progress - https://hyp.is/r-hmFtjKEfCd8odATbINbA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEhmWEDkZUQ
A major evolutionary transition in individuality is defined by two conditions
for: - MET - METI - Major Evolutionary Transition in Individuality - definition - Major Evolutionary Transition in Individuality (METI) - two conditions for METI - 1. living forms that were capable of independent replication before the replication can only replicate as part of a larger unit after the MET - 2. there is a lack of within-group conflict such that the larger unit can be thought of as a fitness-maximizing individual in its own right. - When these 2 conditions are met, evolution lea a new higher level organism. - The new individual acts with a single purpose where the interests of the previously independent individuals are now aligned.
t’s a very generic definition that I think gets to the heart of what we mean by intelligence, which is the ability to adaptively navigate a problem space with some degree of competency to get your needs met
for - definition - intelligence - Michael Levin the ability to adaptively navigae a problem space with some degree of competency to get your needs met (to fulfill your goal seeking activity)
evolutionary transition in both inheritance and individuality (ETII).
for - gene-culture coevolution - definition - Evolutionary Transition in both Inheritance and Individuality (ETII) - authors - Timothy M Waring - Zachary T Wood - paper - Cultural inheritance is driving a transition in human evolution 2025
cut and paste enzymes
for - definition - cut and paste enzyme - living cells provide cut and past enzyme to run along the genome and correct all the replication errors
Francis Crick had formulated what he called the central dogma of molecular biology
for - definition - The central dogma of molecular biology \ - our genes generate proteins - proteins form bodily structures - everything within our body can therefore be predicted from the level of the DNA
the teological sin
for - definition - the teological sin - biological systems aren't suppose to have agency!
bacteria engage in extensive horizontal gene transfer
for - definition - horizontal gene transfer - genetic material transfer across species boundaries
keystone species
for - definition - keystone microbiome species - critical species that, if removed, can engender collapse of the entire microbiome system
microbiomics
for - definition - microbiomics - the study of the multiple microbial ecosystems that constitute the (human) bidy
The term 'economic superorganism' is not to be interpreted as biological
for - definition - economic superorganism - The cohesive whole brought about by agriculture and the architecture that underlies it. Not to be interpreted as biological. - Used more in the sense of Henrich (economic superorganism) which refers to the structure and dynamic in cooperative material life particular to agriculture - NOT used in the strictly biological sense of E.O. Wilson, Holldobler
anecdata
Some call it civilization, I prefer to call Goliath.
for - definition - Goliath - the anthropological shift from egalitarianism to power hierarchy over the holocene - to - book publisher's page - Goliath's Curse - Luke Kemp - from - youtube - The Anthropocene Paradigm Shift
optimal foraging theory
for - definition - optimal foraging theory - our ancestors minimized energy expended for gathering food and maximized leisure time
we also need know that when you start pushing systems you will get a resistance and right now we talk about a transformation backlash in the in in the research
for - definition - transformation backlash - resistance experienced when pushing against an existing system - progress trap - polycrisis - climate crisis - transformation backlash
what is ecological civilization?
for - definition - ecological civilization - Eastern-based perspective of humans living in harmony with nature - Institutionalized in policy in 2012
this economy creates coercive dependence
for - definition - coercive dependence - overproductive economic system imposes overconsumption via lobbying regulation, advertising - creation of resource-intensive dependence as main industrial product of our era
anthroposine harms
for - definition - anthropocene harm
transformations comes with transformation uh sort of deep emotional and psychological challenges. And we talk about in in the research also about transition pain and transition risk
for - definition - transition risk - definition - transition pain
I personally feel the decision was made in 2014 before we'd even put forward proposal. So it was already decided um by those with with power within ICS and IUGS where the where the where it was going because the actual data behind the submission wasn't the reason for rejection.
for - definition - anthropocene - rejection of the term - it was rejected on dogmatic grounds, not on the evidence provided
we used a number of different proxies at 12 different sites, and they all recorded very clearly the effects of the great acceleration. And with that midpoint of about 1952.9 years, it all makes perfect sense. So it's not just the site at Crawford Lake, but all of the sites that we looked at showed a very very similar signal.
for - definition - anthropocene - synchronized signals of great acceleration at all 12 sites, not just Crawford Lake - Francine McCarthy, Brock University
Crawford Lake in Canada
for - definition - anthropocene - key reference site - Crawford Lake, Canada
one remaining project of course is still the formalization because while that is, you know, as as as Johan said, in many respects it doesn't matter, but in some it does partly because the anthroposine's meaning has been stretched so widely in so many areas that it makes sense to try and at least define it clearly and precisely in one sense so it can be used even quantitatively as well as qualitatively.
for - definition - anthropocene - post rejection definition - future work - even though it's been rejected as a geological epoch, due to so many uses of it, it still needs a proper definition
Ross Douthat described this line of thinking in an interview this year with Jonathan Keeperman, a.k.a. “L0m3z,” a right-wing publisher who helped popularize the term “the longhouse”
Nice to see "The Longhouse" mentioned in here
solar power has followed a pattern known as Wright's Law
for - definition - Wright's Law - technology becomes cheaper as we build more of it - solar power - following Wright's law
Epistemia
for - definition - epistemia - when linguistic plausibility starts replacing verification and the form of knowledge substitutes for the labor of knowing - to - paper - The simulation of judgment in LLMs - https://hyp.is/2DatBM05EfCy-DM_S__1kg/www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2518443122
computational sense-making
for - definition - computational sensemaking
recursive self-improvement threshold
for - definition - recursive self-improvement threshold
chatbait
for - definition - chatbait
narcissism deficiency,
for - definition - narcism deficiency
pretraumatic stress disorder
for - definition - pre traumatic stress disorder
under the hood bias
for - definition - under the hood bias
omniscient
Having infinite awareness, understanding, and insight
I don't think Intelligence maps the "Omniscient". Like we as humans all have distinct intelligences.
Wait unless you want to go full Schizo, The First of the Seven Hermetic Principals is Mentalism.
"The All is Mind; the Universe is Mental." —The Kybalion
Intelligence is a byproduct of the mind. And if the universe is a mind intelligence is Omniscient.
I still don't think this use of the word intelligence maps to human sovereignty in a useful way. Intelligence is ones capacity to model the world to make predictions. It's the decision making process we use as resource meaning searching agents.
bodhisattva
When someone attains Enlightenment in Buddhism, just like the Buddha himself
orthonormal
IntelligenceTheory
for - definition - Intelligence Theory - a physics of how information is processed to create value and persistence - definition - Intelligent Economics - the first application of Intelligence Theory
Future Three: Human Symbiosis
for - definition - Human Symbiosis - This is a future in which AI works for every individual human being. - This is not the default and we have to fight for it if we want it.
Future One: Digital Feudalism.
for - definition - digital feudalism - question - similar to techno-feudalism? - This is an AI future in which a small group of elites control the AI of humanity. - There is a Universal Basic Income but it is just enough to survive, not enough to flourish. - This is the default future. Everything is headed this way right now.
Future Two: The Great Fragmentation
for - definition - The Great Fragmentation - An AI future in which nation states compete with each other for AI resources and create AI silos. - This is already happening.
Abundance Trap
for - definition - abundance trap
The Thousand-Day Window
for - definition - 1,000 day window - definition - thousand day window
munificence
The OED defines "munificence" as: The quality of being munificent; great generosity or liberality in giving.
The word is used for a mysterious Count showing that the Duke is aware that his story may have been off-putting, and he must now save face by praising his new socio-political target. However, to use a word that is antithetical to who the Duke is draws larger parallels between who he associates with, who he pretends to be, and who he really is. The Duke is not giving in the sense that he should be praised, he is giving in the sense that gives people reasons to fear him. By praising this Count's munificence, he can downplay his own lack of it.
unco
bean
Bean: Scots for "in good condition," "comfortable," or "well-stocked"
puir
Puir in modern Scots (from 1700 onward) can mean either a "pauper or beggar", or "someone in considerable need of help". While this definition is also true for older Scots, there was also a secondary definition - one that meant "guiltless" or "free from moral corruption". With this older definition in mind, this line comes to have a similarly twofold meaning; one in which all the poor will die at the careless hands of the rich, but also one where the poor working-class are the class of purity, while the gentry are corrupt.
Gude guide me
In Scots, "gude" can be a form of exclamation, similar to "God God!" or "Lord have Mercy". The phrase also shows up in works by Sir Walter Scott, such as The Antiquary and St. Ronan's Well; see entry 5
niggard
From the Oxford English Dictionary: (noun) A mean, stingy, or parsimonious person; a miser; a person who only grudgingly parts with, spends, or uses up anything. Also in extended use with reference to emotion, etc.
Truth must fire her minute guns.
From the OED: a gun fired at intervals of a minute, esp. at a funeral.
Cook uses this as an analogy for how often workers and laborers must voice their concerns before their employers will listen to them.
gaffer
According to the OED, there are multiple potential meanings for this term when this poem was written. It could have been a general term of address, especially for an older man or it could have been a way to refer to a master, governor, or foreman. This stanza itself does not make the distinction clear, but considering the focus in the third stanza on "men of fourscore" (line 23) it could be the first definition; however, a foreman or master would produce the image of control Winter has over the speaker.
https://www.oed.com/dictionary/gaffer_n?tab=meaning_and_use#3371962
verily
"Verily" means a matter of truth. In this line, Guenevere is asserting her honestly to Sir Gauwaine, yet he still continues to doubt his queen's statement. Afterword, Guenevere's tone has then shifted from firm and confident to resigned.
They are leaning their young heads against their mothers, —
Although the working class had very little of worldly goods, its family unit was quite close. One main reason was they had to share a small space as living quarters. Another reason was children often working alongside their parents. All the children were viewed as a potential source of income so the family strived together as a unit to make ends meet. The close knit working class family was a sharp contrast to the wealthy Victorians. Usually their children were left in care of nannies or governesses. The higher echelon of society had little time to spare for their kids yet had high expectations of them. Even Winston Churchill said he could recall every hug he ever had from his mother.
The difference between the classes here is not immediately discernible for modern readers with just the line describing children leaning on their mothers. In Victorian England, the rich and middle-class did not handle their own children.
Check out https://victorianchildren.org/victorian-child-labor/ for more interesting facts.
Tohono Odom Community Action
for - definition - TOCA - Tohono Oldom Community Action group - in 1996, started collecting ancient seed lines from elders who had saved them
tapawi.
for - definition - tapawi
Childe
The term “childe” denotes “a young man of noble or gentle birth,” often used in medieval romances to mark a youth on the threshold of knighthood (“Childe”). Browning’s choice to invoke this archaic title primes readers to expect an epic of honor and questing, with Roland acting as a figure of destiny. However, the poem immediately undermines that expectation as heroic promise collapses into moral exhaustion, distrust, and futility. By invoking a marker of chivalric quest and then denying its fulfillment, Browning recasts the “childe” as a weary survivor meaninglessly stumbling through desolation. The ironic reframing of quest-romance conventions contributes to the poem’s long tradition of reinterpretation, as later writers and artists seized on Roland as a model of perseverance in a broken world.
Benignant
According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), benignant is an adjective that means showing kindly feelings towards inferiors and has a sense of condescension.
These reusable components that are unstyled but encapsulate their behavior set are known as Headless UI components
Starting from so-called 'Headless UI components' seems to me a 'no-brainer' especially when tools like ShadCN is not only built on top of tech that Agentic dev tools are familiar with, ShadCN itself is also something Agents (in my experience) are well versed in.
for - Degrees of Urbanization - definition - city
for - definition - city - degree of urbanization
pluralistic ignorance
for - definition - pluralistic ignorance - climate crisis
IndyVers/Web/Net
for - Indyweb dev - recommendation - definition - Indyweb, Indyverse, Indynet - you should really properly define each of these to avoid confusion
civilian labor corps
for - definition - civilian labor corp - future of work - there will have to be new labor pools in the economy that free market has ignored to date - caretakers for the elderly - climate adaptation - affordable housing
the prime age rate is still very high. It's around 83%. That's the one that the so-called market follows. It's built into every hedge fund, every money market, every asset manager analysis. It's also the one that economists and policy makers care about
for - definition - prime age rate - an important rate to follow for economics
Black English is the creation of the black diaspora.
Term + my working definition:
Black English = a language formed within the Black diaspora in the U.S., emerging from shared necessity and community, not merely a “dialect.”
Why this matters: Centers origin and legitimacy for concept map.
as designers of meaning, language architects carefully considerhow to work with their own languages and voice for the most successfulcommunication in a specific situation (25).
Term + my working definition:
Language architects = writers who intentionally design with multiple language resources for a given audience/situation.
Why this matters for my theme: Positions students as intentional designers, not error-correctors.
An approach that resists monolingual ideology,translingualism views our different and varied language practices as crit-ical in inquiring, supporting, and sustaining the full range of richness inour voices (Horner and Alvarez).
Term + my working definition:
Translingualism = resisting one-language norms by leveraging the full range of a writer’s language practices.
Why this matters for my theme: It names the orientation that re-frames “academic writing” around plurality.
Code meshing is the new code switching; it’s mulitdialectalism and pluralingual-ism in one speech act, in one paper.
Term + my working definition:
Code meshing = blending dialects/languages/rhetorical styles together in the same utterance or paper.
Why this matters for my theme: It’s the central practice Young advances.
Standard language ideologyis the belief that there is one set of dominant language rules that stem from a singledominant discourse (like standard English) that all writers and speakers of Englishmust conform to in order to communicate effectively.
Term + my working definition:
Standard language ideology = the belief in one dominant, mandatory set of English rules everyone must follow.
Why this matters for my theme: Names the system Young critiques.
Dialect literature questions "sociolinguistic wholeness" (51).
Term + my working definition:
Dialect literature = writing that uses non-standard varieties to challenge the idea of a single, unified “proper” language.
Why this matters for my theme: Supports the claim that Bambara’s AAVE disrupts linguistic hierarchy.
In Toni Cade Bambara's short story, "The Lesson" (1972), the narrator, Sylvia, speaks in African American Vernacular English (AAVE).
Term + my working definition:
AAVE = a vernacular dialect associated with African American communities that carries cultural identity and rhetorical power in the story.
Why this matters for my theme: Establishes AAVE as the story’s linguistic frame and vehicle for meaning.
AAVE also embodies Sylvia's and Bambara's ability to question their society and to resist pressure to conform to the dominant culture.
Term + my working definition:
AAVE = a vernacular dialect associated with African American communities that carries cultural identity and rhetorical power in the story.
Why this matters for my theme: Establishes AAVE as the story’s linguistic frame and vehicle for meaning.
That’s why we have a standardized language in the first place.
Term + my working definition:
Standardized language = shared norms that enable mutual understanding across diverse dialect users.
Why this matters for my theme: It grounds the claim that SAE reduces cross-audience miscommunication.
The word “standard” here is not prescriptive. It does not refer to a flag we must all salute. Rather, it simply describes accepted norms — in this case, accepted in the workplace by college-educated professionals.
Term + my working definition:
Standard American English = the accepted workplace dialect among college-educated professionals.
Why this matters for my theme: It frames SAE as pragmatic convention, not moral superiority.
moral occult
Melodrama is a rhetorical frame build around sharp moral distinctions, emotional amplification, and polarized conflict.
non-conscious cognition
for - definition - non-conscious cognition - adjacency - non-conscious cognition - Michael Levin - goal seeking activity - adjacency - Michael Levin - N. Katherine Hayles
planetary cognitive ecology.
for - definition - planetary cognitive ecology
Hayles is more interested in cognitive hybridisation – a cognition that is distributed through “dynamic cognitive flows between human, animal and machine
for - definition - cognitive hybridisation - a cognition that is distributed through dynamic cognitive flows between human, animal and machine - - N. Katherine Hayles
technogenesis
for - definition - technogenesis - the continuous reciprocal causality between human bodies and technics - N. Katherine Hayles - adjacency - technology - language - human evolution - Deep Humanity - Technology does have a huge impact on human evolution - As the book The Inheritors demonstrates, language is perhaps the most far-reaching human technology of all and it affects our evolution in profound ways
Katherine Hayles' concept of "distributed cognition"
for - definition - distributed cognition - to - article - N. Katherine Hayles: “We need a more comprehensive view of cognition” - https://hyp.is/Jc98ArsHEfClKP-8MkzNoA/lab.cccb.org/en/katherine-hayles-we-need-a-more-comprehensive-view-of-cognition/ -
atavism
for - definition - atavism - Atavism is the reappearance of an ancestral trait in an individual after it has been absent for several generations. - Nice word!
García (2009b) described translanguaging as “an important educationalpractice – to construct understandings, to make sense of the world and of the academic material, tomediate with others, and to acquire other ways of languaging” (p. 135).
Quoted definition: García explains that translanguaging is “an important educational practice…to acquire other ways of languaging” (qtd. in Bisai and Singh 4). Why it matters: Authoritative definition I’ll use for my “Key quote”.
for - definition - city - definition degree of urbanization - UN Statistical Commission report 2020 - from - there are 10,000 cities on planet Earth - https://hyp.is/91Rx7LgAEfCT6ytaqg9C9Q/nextcity.org/urbanist-news/there-are-10000-cities-on-planet-earth-half-didnt-exist-40-years-ago
summary - This 2020 report was commissioned by the UN Statisticial Commission to develop a robust, standardized definition of cities, towns and rural communities (villages) to aid in international comparison of human settlements
Grid cell classification
for - definition - degree of urbanization - definition - grid cell classification - definition - urban centre - definition - dense urban cluster - definition - semi-dense urban cluster - definition suburban or peri-urban cells - definition - rural cluster - definition - low density rural grid cells - definition - very low density rural grid cells
The degree of urbanisationclassification defines cities, towns and semi-dense areas, and rural areas.
for - definition - degree of urbanization - a UN Statistical Commission classification that standardizes the definition of city, town and semi-dense areas, and rural areas - definition - city - definition - town - definition - rural area
for - definition - city - towns and cities - to - UN Statistical Commission Report - https://hyp.is/Y4mBcrgGEfCKeB-o1NPMjA/unstats.un.org/UNSDWebsite/statcom/session_52/documents/BG-4a-DEGURBA_Manual-E.pdf
summary - A new definition of cities settles an outstanding ambiguity in urban planning - what is the definition of a city? - Defined as a location with minimum population of 50,000 and population density of 1,500 people / square kilometers, it turns out there are 10,000 cities on the planet, and 48% of humanity lives in cities. - 25% of humanity lives in towns, which are future cities
new definition, which defines a city as a contiguous geographic area with at least 50,000 inhabitants at an average population density of 1,500 people per square kilometer
for - definition - city - a geographic area with - at least 50,000 inhabitants - an average population density of 1,500 people/square kilometer - stats - 25% of people live in towns - 48 % of people live in cities - 25% of people live in villages - towns and cities
Gregory Scruggs about his reporting on a count that puts the world’s total number of cities at 10,000
for - definition - city - stats - cities - 10,000 in the world
Legacy Fund
for - definition - Legacy Fund - Apis & Heritage fund that converts small businesses to worker-owned cooperatives - identify well run businesses that can deliver financial returns via interest and principal repayment. - target businesses with low- and middle-income hourly workers in industries: - construction, - manufacturing, - in-home care - uplifting everyday, hardworking Americans. - Deliver - competitive, - risk-adjusted returns - with rates in the low- to mid-teens - that are comparable to traditional investments for this asset class.
silver tsunami
for - definition - sliver tsunami
employee-led buyout (ELBO)
for - definition - Employee Led Buyout (ELBO)
rancorous
Rancorous: characterized by bitterness or resentment. The word “rancorous” comes from Middle English rancour, Old French rencor, and Late Latin rancor, derived from Latin rancēre, meaning “to stink.” Over time, its meaning shifted from “rottenness” to “bitterness or resentment.” I believe it is used correctly here as the authors are portraying the harsh divisions between Capitalism and Communism.
Mental disorders are conditions characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Definition of mental disorders.
constructive episodic simulation hypothesis
for - definition - Constructive Episodic Simulation Hypothesis - episodic memory is a constructive process that reactivates and reintegrates distributed information across the brain - these same memories can be used in new combinations for novel imagination of the future
autobiographical memory
for - definition - autobiographical memory - how we remember our personal past
‘time’ and‘travel’ may not be defining characteristics.
for definition - Mental Time Travel - Neither Time nor Travel may be defining characteristics of Mental Time Travel - Mental rendering of experience may be the defining characteristic
This ability isknown in contemporary psychology and philosophy as mental time travel
for - definition - Mental Time Travel - ability to look at the past and the future
Mental time travel (MTT
for - definition - Mental Time Travel (MTT) - projecting the self into the past and the future
temporally extended, multimodal representations must be integrated within a unified subjectivity for experience to be coherent
for - Memory Theory of Consciousness - MToC - definition - Memory Theory of Consciousness - temporally extended, multimodal representations - must be integrated within a unified subjectivity for experience to be coherent - unapack - MToC - unpack - Memory Theory of Consciousness - temporally extended, multimodal representations - multiple sense inputs associated with an event - We could think about it from the perspective of Thousand Brain Theory and cortical columns integrating sense inputs - Do these create memory structures? - Those memory structures must be salient to goal-seeking activity, especially for fitness and survival of the organism
question - memory - evolution - goal-seeking - Is it possible that consciousness emerged early on in our species evolutionary history in the context of memories of multimodal sensory structures that help us achieve goal-seeking activity? - Then extra affordances of memory and consciousness could have evolved and diversified into a wide variety of non-traditional goal-seeking behaviors.
when we recognize the dream as a dream while still dreaming—is known as a lucid dream
for - definition - lucid dream
Daniel Dennett’s Multiple Drafts theory of consciousness
for - definition - Multiple Drafts theory of consciousness - - Daniel Dennett
Perceptual reality monitoring theory
for - definition - perceptual reality monitoring theory - a theory that seeks to explain the difference between - the perception of external reality and - internal imagination or dreaming
memory theory of consciousness (MToC).
for - definition - Memory Theory of Consciousness (MToC) - The very awareness we have of sensory analysis, of perception, is based on the operation of this memory system. - In other words, the sensory information that constitutes an event is assembled at encoding and consequently can be remembered later.
constitutive
for - definition - constitutive view of language
Platonic Space
for - definition - Platonic Space - a structured, non-physical space of patterns, - such as the properties of mathematical objects, - perhaps other, higher-agency patterns that we detect as forms of - anatomy, - physiology, and - behavior - in the biosphere. - Thus, the contents of this space may inform (in-form) events in our physical world (constraining physics, and enabling biology).
the electric face
for - definition - electric face - electric profiling of early embryos - that predict facial features - platonic?
level environment.
for - definition - level environment - the level environment for each agent at that respective local level of a multi-level, hierarchical intelligent system
tag the t agent framework t
for - definition - TAG - Tame AGent framework
we don't tell the cells explicitly to uh contract or relax
for - adjacency - inter level communication - environmental steering - this is very interesting (and obvious) but far from trivial. - adjacency - meditation - interlevel communication - enlightenment? - could we naturalistically frame meditation that leads to non dual awareness, or enlightenment - as being a way for higher level agents - to get in touch with / communicate with - lower level agents - in a multi-agent environment?
question - could we interpret enlightenment as an ecosystem goal of intentional whole system environmental steering? This suggests a new term: - new definition - intentional whole system environmental steering - when environmental steering is intentional done at the highest level for the wellbeing of every level - The author uses the example of hunger as being a high level experience driven by lower level needs - This could qualify as an intentional whole system environmental steering so the term doesn't distinguishing enlightenment drive as anything special. We need some other distinguishing quality
the way the levels control each other is not through direct control but is through environmental steing.
for - definition - environmental steering - interlevel communications via environmental steering - interlevel control - interlevel communications
multi-level cognition
for - definition - multi-level cognition