- Dec 2022
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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. We also find evidence of “falsehood echo chambers”, where users that are more often exposed to misinformation are more likely to follow a similar set of accounts and share from a similar set of domains. These results are interesting in the context of evidence that political echo chambers are not prevalent, as typically imagined
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And finally, at the individual level, we found that estimated ideological extremity was more strongly associated with following elites who made more false or inaccurate statements among users estimated to be conservatives compared to users estimated to be liberals. These results on political asymmetries are aligned with prior work on news-based misinformation sharing
This suggests the misinformation sharing elites may influence whether followers become more extreme. There is little incentive not to stoke outrage as it improves engagement.
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Estimated ideological extremity is associated with higher elite misinformation-exposure scores for estimated conservatives more so than estimated liberals.
Political ideology is estimated using accounts followed10. b Political ideology is estimated using domains shared30 (Red: conservative, blue: liberal). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Estimated ideological extremity is associated with higher language toxicity and moral outrage scores for estimated conservatives more so than estimated liberals.
The relationship between estimated political ideology and (a) language toxicity and (b) expressions of moral outrage. Extreme values are winsorized by 95% quantile for visualization purposes. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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In the co-share network, a cluster of websites shared more by conservatives is also shared more by users with higher misinformation exposure scores.
Nodes represent website domains shared by at least 20 users in our dataset and edges are weighted based on common users who shared them. a Separate colors represent different clusters of websites determined using community-detection algorithms29. b The intensity of the color of each node shows the average misinformation-exposure score of users who shared the website domain (darker = higher PolitiFact score). c Nodes’ color represents the average estimated ideology of the users who shared the website domain (red: conservative, blue: liberal). d The intensity of the color of each node shows the average use of language toxicity by users who shared the website domain (darker = higher use of toxic language). e The intensity of the color of each node shows the average expression of moral outrage by users who shared the website domain (darker = higher expression of moral outrage). Nodes are positioned using directed-force layout on the weighted network.
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Exposure to elite misinformation is associated with the use of toxic language and moral outrage.
Shown is the relationship between users’ misinformation-exposure scores and (a) the toxicity of the language used in their tweets, measured using the Google Jigsaw Perspective API27, and (b) the extent to which their tweets involved expressions of moral outrage, measured using the algorithm from ref. 28. Extreme values are winsorized by 95% quantile for visualization purposes. Small dots in the background show individual observations; large dots show the average value across bins of size 0.1, with size of dots proportional to the number of observations in each bin. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Exposure to elite misinformation is associated with sharing news from lower-quality outlets and with conservative estimated ideology.
Shown is the relationship between users’ misinformation-exposure scores and (a) the quality of the news outlets they shared content from, as rated by professional fact-checkers21, (b) the quality of the news outlets they shared content from, as rated by layperson crowds21, and (c) estimated political ideology, based on the ideology of the accounts they follow10. Small dots in the background show individual observations; large dots show the average value across bins of size 0.1, with size of dots proportional to the number of observations in each bin.
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Notice that Twitter’s account purge significantly impacted misinformation spread worldwide: the proportion of low-credible domains in URLs retweeted from U.S. dropped from 14% to 7%. Finally, despite not having a list of low-credible domains in Russian, Russia is central in exporting potential misinformation in the vax rollout period, especially to Latin American countries. In these countries, the proportion of low-credible URLs coming from Russia increased from 1% in vax development to 18% in vax rollout periods (see Figure 8 (b), Appendix).
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zephoria.medium.com zephoria.medium.com
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A lot has changed about our news media ecosystem since 2007. In the United States, it’s hard to overstate how the media is entangled with contemporary partisan politics and ideology. This means that information tends not to flow across partisan divides in coherent ways that enable debate.
Our media and social media systems have been structured along with the people who use them such that debate is stifled because information doesn't flow coherently across the political partisan divide.
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- Nov 2022
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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The Post analyzed data from ProPublica’s Represent tool, which tracks congressional Twitter activity.
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- Aug 2022
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www.jpost.com www.jpost.com
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Zaig, G. (n.d.). 20% of Americans believe microchips are inside COVID-19 vaccines—Study. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.Com. Retrieved July 21, 2021, from https://www.jpost.com/omg/20-percent-of-americans-believe-microchips-are-inside-covid-19-vaccine-study-674272
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www.ft.com www.ft.com
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Harford, T. (2021, May 6). What magic teaches us about misinformation. https://www.ft.com/content/5cea69f0-7d44-424e-a121-78a21564ca35
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Gelfand, M., Li, R., Stamkou, E., Pieper, D., Denison, E., Fernandez, J., Choi, V. K., Chatman, J., Jackson, J. C., & Dimant, E. (2021). Persuading Republicans and Democrats to Comply with Mask Wearing: An Intervention Tournament. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6gjh8
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www.aei.org www.aei.org
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Cox, D. A. (n.d.). Social isolation and community disconnection are not spurring conspiracy theories. American Enterprise Institute - AEI. Retrieved March 8, 2021, from https://www.aei.org/research-products/report/social-isolation-and-community-disconnection-are-not-spurring-conspiracy-theories/
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Bor, A., Jørgensen, F. J., & Petersen, M. B. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded System Support But Not Social Solidarity. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qjmct
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- Jun 2022
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blog.twitter.com blog.twitter.com
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political spectrum
Diversity of views
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- May 2022
- Apr 2022
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Petrie-Flom Center. (2021, December 6). COVID-19, Science, and the Media: Lessons Learned Reporting on the Pandemic. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ZVVVLi4dBc
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Gollwitzer, A., Martel, C., Brady, W. J., Pärnamets, P., Freedman, I. G., Knowles, E. D., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2020). Partisan differences in physical distancing are linked to health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(11), 1186–1197. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00977-7
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- Feb 2022
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Local file Local file
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Also, we shouldn’t underestimate the advantages of writing. In oralpresentations, we easily get away with unfounded claims. We candistract from argumentative gaps with confident gestures or drop acasual “you know what I mean” irrespective of whether we knowwhat we meant. In writing, these manoeuvres are a little too obvious.It is easy to check a statement like: “But that is what I said!” Themost important advantage of writing is that it helps us to confrontourselves when we do not understand something as well as wewould like to believe.
In modern literate contexts, it is easier to establish doubletalk in oral contexts than it is in written contexts as the written is more easily reviewed for clarity and concreteness. Verbal ticks like "you know what I mean", "it's easy to see/show", and other versions of similar hand-waving arguments that indicate gaps in thinking and arguments are far easier to identify in writing than they are in speech where social pressure may cause the audience to agree without actually following the thread of the argument. Writing certainly allows for timeshiting, but it explicitly also expands time frames for grasping and understanding a full argument in a way not commonly seen in oral settings.
Note that this may not be the case in primarily oral cultures which may take specific steps to mitigate these patterns.
Link this to the anthropology example from Scott M. Lacy of the (Malian?) tribe that made group decisions by repeating a statement from the lowest to the highest and back again to ensure understanding and agreement.
This difference in communication between oral and literate is one which leaders can take advantage of in leading their followers astray. An example is Donald Trump who actively eschewed written communication or even reading in general in favor of oral and highly emotional speech. This generally freed him from the need to make coherent and useful arguments.
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ohsonline.com ohsonline.com
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Nursing professionals are facing with severe sleep problems during the covid 19 pandemic time. Nurses were asked to work in an environment that had a more increased level of risk than ever before. Depression and anxiety from the workplace could affect the confidence of healthcare workers in themselves as well as general trust in the healthcare system. This will lead to their turnover intention which may undermine the efforts of the governments to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The rising concern may change the working schedules of healthcare workers, offering more occupational healthcare support.
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Navlakha, M. (2022, January 24). On Substack, COVID misinformation is allowed to flourish. Mashable. https://mashable.com/article/substack-covid-misinformation
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- Jan 2022
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epjdatascience.springeropen.com epjdatascience.springeropen.com
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Garland, J., Ghazi-Zahedi, K., Young, J.-G., Hébert-Dufresne, L., & Galesic, M. (2022). Impact and dynamics of hate and counter speech online. EPJ Data Science, 11(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00314-6
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respectfulinsolence.com respectfulinsolence.com
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Defeat The Mandates: Green Our Vaccines reconstituted for COVID-19. (2022, January 21). RESPECTFUL INSOLENCE. https://respectfulinsolence.com/2022/01/21/defeat-the-mandates-green-our-vaccines-reconstituted-for-covid-19/
Tags
- Green Our Vaccine
- politics
- COVID-19
- vaccine mandate
- Joe Rogan
- disinformation
- USA
- online platform
- misinformation
- conspiracy theory
- podcast
- anti-vaccine
- protest
- defeat the mandate
- natural immunity
- medicine
- is:webpage
- anti-vaxxer movement
- anti-mandate
- lang:en
- rally
- children
- propaganda
- social media
- vaccine
Annotators
URL
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Vega-Oliveros, D. A., Grande, H. L. C., Iannelli, F., & Vazquez, F. (2021). Bi-layer voter model: Modeling intolerant/tolerant positions and bots in opinion dynamics. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 230(14–15), 2875–2886. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00151-8
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Shoss, M., Hootegem, A. V., Selenko, E., & Witte, H. D. (2022). The Job Insecurity of Others: On the Role of Perceived National Job Insecurity During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qhpu5
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- Dec 2021
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 13). RT @CaulfieldTim: India, U.S. account for a quarter of #COVID19 #misinformation: @UAlberta study https://ualberta.ca/folio/2021/12/india-us-account-for-a-quarter-of-covid-19-misinformation-study.html “Misinformation s… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1470435900073168907
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- Oct 2021
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Rohlinger, D. A., & Meyer, D. S. (2021). Protest During a Pandemic: How COVID-19 Affected Social Movements in the U.S. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/qk25r
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www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org
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Palm, R., Bolsen, T., & Kingsland, J. T. (2021). The Effect of Frames on COVID-19 Vaccine Resistance. Frontiers in Political Science, 3, 661257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.661257
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www.mdpi.com www.mdpi.com
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Mazumdar, S., & Thakker, D. (2020). Citizen Science on Twitter: Using Data Analytics to Understand Conversations and Networks. Future Internet, 12(12), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12120210
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- Aug 2021
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Sirlin, N., Epstein, Z., Arechar, A. A., & Rand, D. (2021). Digital literacy and susceptibility to misinformation. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7rb2m
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Hosseinmardi, H., Ghasemian, A., Clauset, A., Mobius, M., Rothschild, D. M., & Watts, D. J. (2021). Examining the consumption of radical content on YouTube. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(32), e2101967118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101967118
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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The Daily 202: Nearly 30 groups urge Facebook, Instagram, Twitter to take down vaccine disinformation—The Washington Post. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/19/daily-202-nearly-30-groups-urge-facebook-instagram-twitter-take-down-vaccine-disinformation/?utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=wp_main&utm_medium=social
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thebulletin.org thebulletin.org
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We’ve analyzed thousands of COVID-19 misinformation narratives. Here are six regional takeaways—Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. (n.d.). Retrieved August 1, 2021, from https://thebulletin.org/2021/06/weve-analyzed-thousands-of-covid-19-misinformation-narratives-here-are-six-regional-takeaways/
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- Jul 2021
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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The incontestable principle of inclusion drove the changes, which smuggled in more threatening features that have come to characterize identity politics and social justice: monolithic group thought, hostility to open debate, and a taste for moral coercion.
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Im, H., Wang, P., & Chen, C. (2021). The Partisan Mask: Political Orientation, Collectivism, and Religiosity Predict Mask Use During COVID-19. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9s58f
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Bunker, C. J., & Varnum, M. E. W. (2021). How Strong is the Association Between Social Media Use and False Consensus? [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/eyjaq
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- May 2021
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Misinformation “superspreaders”: Covid vaccine falsehoods still thriving on Facebook and Instagram. (2021, January 6). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/06/facebook-instagram-urged-fight-deluge-anti-covid-vaccine-falsehoods
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Wischnewski, M., Bernemann, R., Ngo, T., & Krämer, N. (2021). Disagree? You Must be a Bot! How Beliefs Shape Twitter Profile Perceptions. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8vyxr
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- Apr 2021
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Swenson, A. (2021, April 20). Study lacks evidence on masks, isn’t linked to Stanford. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-629043235973
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- Mar 2021
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blogs.bmj.com blogs.bmj.com
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You cannot practice public health without engaging in politics. (2021, March 29). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/03/29/you-cannot-practice-public-health-without-engaging-in-politics/
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advances.sciencemag.org advances.sciencemag.org
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Clinton, J., J. Cohen, J. Lapinski, and M. Trussler. ‘Partisan Pandemic: How Partisanship and Public Health Concerns Affect Individuals’ Social Mobility during COVID-19’. Science Advances 7, no. 2 (1 January 2021): eabd7204. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd7204.
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Gligorić, Vukašin, Allard Feddes, and Bertjan Doosje. ‘Political Bullshit Receptivity and Its Correlates: A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Concept’. PsyArXiv, 27 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u9pe3.
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Wolf, Martin. ‘Ten Ways Coronavirus Crisis Will Shape World in Long Term’, 3 November 2020. https://www.ft.com/content/9b0318d3-8e5b-4293-ad50-c5250e894b07.
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- Feb 2021
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Fukuyama, Barak Richman and Francis. “How to Quiet the Megaphones of Facebook, Google and Twitter.” Wall Street Journal, February 12, 2021, sec. Life. https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-to-quiet-the-megaphones-of-facebook-google-and-twitter-11613068856.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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magazine, C. A., Nature. (n.d.). COVID-19 Herd Immunity Strategies Could Bring ‘Untold Death and Suffering’ Scientific American. Retrieved 18 February 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covid-19-herd-immunity-strategies-could-bring-untold-death-and-suffering/
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www.nybooks.com www.nybooks.com
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Sharpe claims that Englishmen “were able to…constitute themselves as political agents” by reading, whether or not they read about state affairs; for politics was “a type of consciousness” and the psyche “a text of politics.” “The Civil War itself became a contested text.” So reading was everything: “We are what we read.”
The argument here is that much of the English Civil War was waged in reading and writing. Compare this with today's similar political civil war between the right and the left, but it is being waged in social media instead in sound bites, video clips, tweets, which encourage visceral gut reactions instead of longer and better thought out arguments and well tempered reactions.
Instead of moving forward on the axis of thought and rationality, we're descending instead into the primordial and visceral reactions of our "reptilian brains."
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- Dec 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Cargnino. M., Neubaum. G., Winter. S., (2020) We're a Good Match: Selective Political Friending on Social Networking Sites. PSyarxiv. Retrieved from: https://psyarxiv.com/9dmgf/
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- Oct 2020
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hr.utexas.edu hr.utexas.edu
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Face Masks, Voting, and Social Media | Human Resources | The University of Texas at Austin. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2020, from https://hr.utexas.edu/learning-development/programs/face-masks-voting-and-social-media
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Centola, D. (n.d.). Why Social Media Makes Us More Polarized and How to Fix It. Scientific American. Retrieved October 25, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-social-media-makes-us-more-polarized-and-how-to-fix-it/
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twitter.com twitter.com
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David Rothschild on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 17, 2020, from https://twitter.com/DavMicRot/status/1316429651988877312
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www.hope-project.dk www.hope-project.dkApp1
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The HOPE-project (http://hope-project.dk ) tracks public opinion during #covid19, sharing findings with the public & authorities. This graph is the most concerning yet: The # willing to use an approved COVID-vaccine recommended for them
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- Sep 2020
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www.visualcapitalist.com www.visualcapitalist.com
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Ali, A. (2020, August 28). Visualizing the Social Media Universe in 2020. Visual Capitalist. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-the-social-media-universe-in-2020/
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- Aug 2020
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www.nber.org www.nber.org
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Barrios, J. M., & Hochberg, Y. (2020). Risk Perception Through the Lens of Politics in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27008; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27008
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Lees, J. M., & Cikara, M. (2020, July 29). Understanding and Combating False Polarization. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ncwez
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- Jul 2020
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medium.com medium.com
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@DFRLab. (2020). Op-Ed: How Brexit tribalism has influenced attitudes toward COVID-19 in Britain. Medium. https://medium.com/dfrlab/op-ed-how-brexit-tribalism-has-influenced-attitudes-toward-covid-19-in-britain-16a983a56929
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osf.io osf.io
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Krumpal, I. (2020). Soziologie in Zeiten der Pandemie [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/yqdsu
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osf.io osf.io
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Haman, M. (2020). The use of Twitter by state leaders and its impact on the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/u4maf
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- Jun 2020
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digest.bps.org.uk digest.bps.org.uk
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For Political Candidates, Making Jokes Online Might Backfire. (2020, June 18). Research Digest. https://digest.bps.org.uk/2020/06/18/for-political-candidates-making-jokes-online-might-backfire/
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Ekstrom, P. D., & Lai, C. K. (2020, June 18). The Selective Communication of Political Information. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/pnr9u
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Hopp, F. R., Fisher, J. T., Cornell, D., Huskey, R., & Weber, R. (2020). The Extended Moral Foundations Dictionary (eMFD): Development and Applications of a Crowd-Sourced Approach to Extracting Moral Intuitions from Text [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/924gq
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Cinelli, M., Morales, G. D. F., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2020). Echo Chambers on Social Media: A comparative analysis. ArXiv:2004.09603 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09603
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- May 2020
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www.psychologicalscience.org www.psychologicalscience.org
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Why We Fall Prey to Misinformation. (n.d.). Association for Psychological Science - APS. Retrieved May 29, 2020, from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/why-we-fall-prey-to-misinformation.html
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Zmigrod, L., Eisenberg, I. W., Bissett, P., Robbins, T. W., & Poldrack, R. (2020, April 14). A Data-Driven Analysis of the Cognitive and Perceptual Attributes of Ideological Attitudes. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dgaxr
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Zmigrod, L., Ebert, T., Götz, F. M., & Rentfrow, J. (2020, April 11). The Psychological and Socio-political Consequences of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/84qcm
Tags
- infection
- disposition
- behavioral immune system
- politics
- COVID-19
- consequences
- study
- USA
- psychology
- social psychology
- socio-political
- attitude
- infection-avoidance
- BIS
- research
- government
- public health
- cross-cultural
- is:preprint
- lang:en
- authoritarianism
- behavior
- infectious disease
- ideology
- risk perception
Annotators
URL
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www.prospectmagazine.co.uk www.prospectmagazine.co.uk
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Rusbridger, Alan. ‘Sage Coronavirus Expert: We’ve Had an Epidemic That to Some Degree Could Have Been Avoided’. Accessed 29 May 2020. https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/science-and-technology/alan-rusbridger-sage-jeremy-farrar-covid-19-coronavirus-dominic-cummings-herd-immunity.
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www.pandemicpolitics.net www.pandemicpolitics.net
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PandemicPolitics. Pandemic politics: Political attitudes and crisis communication. https://www.pandemicpolitics.net
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Serrano, J. C. M., Papakyriakopoulos, O., & Hegelich, S. (2020). Dancing to the Partisan Beat: A First Analysis of Political Communication on TikTok. ArXiv:2004.05478 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05478
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misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu
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Uscinski, J. E., Enders, A. M., Klofstad, C., Seelig, M., Funchion, J., Everett, C., Wuchty, S., Premaratne, K., & Murthi, M. (2020). Why do people believe COVID-19 conspiracy theories? Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 1(COVID-19 and Misinformation). https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-015
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- Apr 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Stefani, S., Ricci, E., Prati, G., TZANKOVA, I., Albanesi, C., & Cicognani, E. (2020, April 24). Gender Differences in Political Engagement and Participation among Italian Young People. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ps9ea
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Im, H., Ahn, C., Wang, P., & Chen, C. (2020, April 13). An Early Examination: Psychological, Health, and Economic Correlates and Determinants of Social Distancing Amidst COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9ravu
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reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk
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Nielsen, R.K., Fletcher, R., Newman, N., Brennen, S., Howard, P.N. (2020 April 15). Navigating the ‘infodemic’: how people in six countries access and rate news and information about coronavirus. Reuters Institute. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/infodemic-how-people-six-countries-access-and-rate-news-and-information-about-coronavirus
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- Jan 2020
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www.jofreeman.com www.jofreeman.com
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The Tyranny of Structurelessness
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sfonline.barnard.edu sfonline.barnard.edu
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The Political Logic of the Non-Profit Industrial Complex
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- Jul 2019
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www.bloomberg.com www.bloomberg.com
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So the solution for the U.S.’s relatively high poverty rate will probably rely little on personal responsibility and moral rectitude. Instead, the U.S. should look to European countries, or to Australia and Canada, for ideas on how to reduce poverty. There’s just no substitute for a strong social safety net.
Poverty is not due to individuals, especially when class mobility in the USA does not exist anymore.
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- May 2019
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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He is gone to my father already
The Hardwicke Act for the Prevention of Clandestine Marriages passed in 1754, enforcing couples marrying in England to follow certain rules in order to be legally married. One of these rules was obtaining the consent of the father. Any couple under twenty-one needed the consent of a parent or guardian if the child was legitimate. If a couple married without consent, then by law their marriage was void.
https://byuprideandprejudice.wordpress.com/2014/01/28/courtship-and-marriage-in-the-regency-period/
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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executors of my father’s will
"Before 1858, the executor or executrix would register the will in the relevant ecclesiastical court to obtain a grant of probate, thereby allowing the bequests to be fulfilled" (BBC, https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/familyhistory/journey_life/research_tools_04.shtml).
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- Nov 2018
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Entscheidend ist, dass sie Herren des Verfahrens bleiben - und eine Vision für das neue Maschinenzeitalter entwickeln.
Es sieht für mich nicht eigentlich so aus als wären wir jemals die "Herren des Verfahrens" gewesen. Und auch darum geht es ja bei Marx. Denke ich.
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- Sep 2018
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www.lostgarden.com www.lostgarden.com
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We can’t force two people to become friends, nor should we want to.
How many social engineers does it take to change a light bulb? An infinite number. That's why they leave you in the dark till you become the change you seek and make your own light to live by.
If you cant force two people to become friends, then how do 'diplomats' (political manipulators?) profess to do the same thing with entire nations? Especially while so often, using the other hand to deal the deck for other players, in a game of "let's you and him fight"; or just being bloody mercenaries with sheer might is right political ethos installed under various euphemistic credos. 'My country right or wrong' or 'Mitt Got Uns' or ...to discover weapons of mass destruction...etc.
So much for politics and social engineering, but maybe we can just be content with not so much forcing two people to be friends, as forcing them to have sex while we're filming them, so we can create more online amateur porn content. LOL ;)
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- Jul 2018
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kfitz.info kfitz.info
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I am generous with what I have—I choose to be generous with what I have—precisely because we are no longer committed to one another as members of a shared social structure. Instead, the shift of responsibility for the public welfare toward private entities displaces our obligations to one another in favor of individual liberties and, I think, leaves us queasy about the notion of obligation altogether.
The game theory of things tends to pull the society apart, particularly when it is easier to see who is paying what. If the richer end feels they're paying more than their fair share, this can tend to break things down.
I suspect that Francis Fukuyama has a bit to say about this in how democratic societies built themselves up over time. Similarly one of his adherents Jonah Goldberg provides some related arguments about tribalism tending to tear democracies down when we revert back to a more primitive viewpoint instead of being able to trust the larger governmental structures of a democracy.
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- Jul 2017
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The backfire effect is getting turbocharged online. I think we’re getting more angry and convinced about everything, not because we’re surrounded by like-minded people, but by people who disagree with us. Social media allows you to find the worst examples of your opponents. It’s not a place to have your own views corroborated, but rather where your worst suspicions about the other lot can be quickly and easily confirmed.
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- May 2017
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lageneralista.com lageneralista.com
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Participatory Propaganda - an analysis of current techniques for exploiting our online behavior. https://twitter.com/lageneralista
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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leave his estate from his nephew;
“England was a very patriarchal society. Not only in the public sphere, but also in the private one as well. Women did not have any power in any portion of the nation, whether it be economic, political, or social. In England there was no law written expressly concerning inheritance other than, that the will or desire of the man of the home or estate will be carried out. This meaning that if the man of the estate wished for his nephew to inherit the land it was to be so. The common practice was that a son or nephew to the head of the family was to inherit all of the assets, because he would be more worthy of the property than a woman.” (Davis, Brooke. Inheritance Laws in the Early 1800s in England, Web)
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succession to the Norland estate
“Before the nineteenth century, most families were organized according to patriarchal tradition. Household heads owned and controlled the means of production, and their wives and children were obliged to provide the unpaid labor needed to sustain family enterprises. Masters of the household had a legal right to command the obedience of their wives and children—as well as any servants or slaves—and to use corporal punishment to correct disobedience.“ (Ruggles, Steven. Patriarchy, Power, and Pay, Web)
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- Apr 2017
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idlewords.com idlewords.com
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The key changes we can make in the short term (without requiring sites to relinquish their business models) are to teach social software to forget, to give it predictable security properties, and to sever the financial connection between online advertising and extremism.
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Orwell imagined a world in which the state could shamelessly rewrite the past. The Internet has taught us that people are happy to do this work themselves, provided they have their peer group with them, and a common enemy to unite against. They will happily construct alternative realities for themselves, and adjust them as necessary to fit the changing facts.
Finally, surveillance capitalism makes it harder to organize effective long-term dissent. In an setting where attention is convertible into money, social media will always reward drama, dissent, conflict, iconoclasm and strife. There will be no comparable rewards for cooperation, de-escalation, consensus-building, or compromise, qualities that are essential for the slow work of building a movement. People who should be looking past their differences will instead spend their time on purity tests and trying to outflank one another in a race to the fringes.
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- Mar 2017
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Earlier this week, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport held a private ministerial meeting with news publishers and technology platforms to discuss the issue of fake news and the programmatic environment which supports it.
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- Jan 2017
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projects.propublica.org projects.propublica.org
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Tweets deleted by public officials and candidates.
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- Dec 2016
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politicalbots.org politicalbots.org
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http://phys.org/news/2016-12-pro-trump-bot-colonised-pro-clinton-twitter.html
http://politicalbots.org/?p=787 Bots and Automation over Twitter during the U.S. Election
http://politicalbots.org/ An international research group studying political bots.
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hapgood.us hapgood.us
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A survey of voters asked if they remembered seeing a headline, and if so, whether they believed it was true.
It may come as no surprise that high percentages of Trump voters believed stories that favored Trump or demonized Clinton. But the percentage of Clinton voters who believed the fake stories was also fairly high!
familiarity equals truth: when we recognize something as true, we are most often judging if this is something we’ve heard more often than not from people we trust.
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if you want to be well-informed it’s not enough to read the truth — you also must avoid reading lies.
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- Nov 2016
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www.npr.org www.npr.org
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Interview with a man who has run several fake news sites since 2013.
Well, this isn't just a Trump-supporter problem. This is a right-wing issue.
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We've tried to do similar things to liberals. It just has never worked, it never takes off. You'll get debunked within the first two comments and then the whole thing just kind of fizzles out.
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Journalism faces an 'existential crisis' in the Trump era, Christine Amanpour
As all the international journalists we honor in this room tonight and every year know only too well: First the media is accused of inciting, then sympathizing, then associating -- until they suddenly find themselves accused of being full-fledged terrorists and subversives. Then they end up in handcuffs, in cages, in kangaroo courts, in prison
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First, like many people watching where I was overseas, I admit I was shocked by the exceptionally high bar put before one candidate and the exceptionally low bar put before the other candidate.
It appeared much of the media got itself into knots trying to differentiate between balance, objectivity, neutrality, and crucially, truth.
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The winning candidate did a savvy end run around us and used it to go straight to the people. Combined with the most incredible development ever -- the tsunami of fake news sites -- aka lies -- that somehow people could not, would not, recognize, fact check, or disregard.
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The conservative radio host who may be the next white house press secretary says mainstream media is hostile to traditional values.
I would say it's just the opposite. And have you read about the "heil, victory" meeting in Washington, DC this past weekend? Why aren't there more stories about the dangerous rise of the far right here and in Europe? Since when did anti-Semitism stop being a litmus test in this country?
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But as managing editor of the fact-checking site Snopes, Brooke Binkowski believes Facebook’s perpetuation of phony news is not to blame for our epidemic of misinformation. “It’s not social media that’s the problem,” she says emphatically. “People are looking for somebody to pick on. The alt-rights have been empowered and that’s not going to go away anytime soon. But they also have always been around.”
The misinformation crisis, according to Binkowski, stems from something more pernicious. In the past, the sources of accurate information were recognizable enough that phony news was relatively easy for a discerning reader to identify and discredit. The problem, Binkowski believes, is that the public has lost faith in the media broadly — therefore no media outlet is considered credible any longer. The reasons are familiar: as the business of news has grown tougher, many outlets have been stripped of the resources they need for journalists to do their jobs correctly.
The problem is not JUST social media and fake news. But most of the false stories do not come from mainstream media. The greatest evils of mainstream media are sensationalism, and being too willing to spin stories the way their sources want them to.
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Mike Caulfield says Facebook's feed algorithms are far from its only problem. The entire site design encourages sharing of items that users haven't inspected beyond reading the headline.
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- Oct 2016
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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“Among millennials, especially,” [Ross] Douthat argues, “there’s a growing constituency for whom rightwing ideas are so alien or triggering, leftwing orthodoxy so pervasive and unquestioned, that supporting a candidate like Hillary Clinton looks like a needless form of compromise.”
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“I don’t see sufficient evidence to buy the argument about siloing and confirmation bias,” Jeff Jarvis,a professor at the City University of New York’s graduate school of journalism said. “That is a presumption about the platforms – because we in media think we do this better. More important, such presumptions fundamentally insult young people. For too long, old media has assumed that young people don’t care about the world.”
“Newspapers, remember, came from the perspective of very few people: one editor, really,” Jarvis said. “Facebook comes with many perspectives and gives many; as Zuckerberg points out, no two people on Earth see the same Facebook.”
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- Jun 2016
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www.lewrockwell.com www.lewrockwell.com
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Automated posts from social media accounts pretending to be real individuals are being used to influence public opinion. (The Chinese government uses regular employees to post "real" messages at strategic times.)
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- May 2016
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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pamphlets
Unlike the typical pamphlets we may think about today, in this era, pamphlets were used for political information.
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- Jan 2016
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www.digitalpedagogylab.com www.digitalpedagogylab.com
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If you are interested in this conversation, join us Friday, January 8 at Noon Eastern.
The chat will lead into a backchannel discussion of a “Disrupting DH” presentation at the 2016 Modern Language Association conference in Austin, TX.
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- Sep 2015
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www.macfound.org www.macfound.org
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Connected Learning, has emerged as a powerful way to connect fragmented spheres of a young person’s life—interests, academic and work opportunities, and peer culture.
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- Jul 2015
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dismagazine.com dismagazine.com
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It’s the nature of Twitter to not research further, we all know, but if that nature is influencing the way we run museums, school lectures, and conferences, the future might be more bleak than any of us dared to predict.
It would be worth interrogating what it is about "the nature of Twitter" that makes this so.
I think it has to do with the intersection of a number of things:
- 140 character limit
- Broadcast and re-broadcast that de-couples the Tweet from the authorial context
- Sub-tweeting and shaming as attire and slacktivism
I'm sure that's only the surface.
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- Nov 2014
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fredrikdeboer.com fredrikdeboer.com
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When we get to the point where someone sees the mere existence of a political conflict that requires us to criticize allies as a no-win scenario, something has gone very wrong. For the actual work of politics– convincing people to come over to our side in order to make the world a more just and equitable place– those politics have utterly failed. We have been talking about privilege theory for 30 years. We’ve been talking about intersectionality for 25 years. We’ve been getting into cyclical, vicious Twitter frenzies for a half decade. This is not working. And I doubt hardly anyone actually believes that this is working. They’re just having too much fun to stop.
I've recently decided, for myself, that Twitter is not a viable platform for political discussions. I simply can't do it anymore. I spend more time getting derailed by confusion stemming from trying to be terse when discussing subtleties than I do actually discussing the issues I wanted to discuss.
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