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  1. Last 7 days
    1. социальную метафизику

      Вы противопоставляете социальную метафизику и социальную онтологию?

    2. «габитуса», «поля» или «системы

      Вы предполагаете, что возможно дойти до этих понятий от теории игр?

    3. Мы отдаём себе отчёт, что социология предлагает несравненно более богатый и детализированный эмпирический портрет социального мира.

      Разве есть противоречие между теоретико-игровыми методами и социологией? Теория игр не обязательно предполагает экономику

    4. оценивая с точки зрения их способности выполнить роль «наилучшего объяснения» в рамках методологии IBE

      Зачем тут IBE? Критика может опираться на внутренние противоречия и лакуны в теории

    5. Правило координирует ожидания, а равновесие обеспечивает устойчивость.

      Что находится в равновесии? Мне кажется, что это достаточно вольное изложение Гуалы

    6. индивиду невыгодно отклоняться от установившейся практики, если все остальные её придерживаются

      Мне кажется, что здесь неточное изложение равновесия: все другие могут не ее придерживаться, а других практик. Не обязательно все следуют той же самой стратегии.

    7. Институт как равновесие

      я бы сделал оговорку, что кроме Гуалы и Хиндрикса - остальные теории не являются теориями собственно институтов, а скорее социальные онтологии вообще. Теорию институтов вы из них реконструируете.

    8. Это сомнительный тезис. Я бы эти теории описывал как онтологии, с которыми вы будете спорить и ограничения которых будете преодолевать. А у вас они теории, которые вы собираетесь индуктивно обобщать. Зачем?

    9. должна быть выведена индуктивно из корпуса социальных теорий

      В чем состоит метод? Зачем социальные теории для построения онтологии?

    10. её недоступной для дескриптивного

      Казалось, что вы наоборот собирается развивать естественнонаучный подход

    11. не теории множеств и подобных инструментов аналитической метафизики

      Почему теория множеств инструмент аналитической метафизики?

    12. Онтология физики формулируется в математических терминах. Её формулировка аналитическим способом

      Собственно почему? Язык физики математический, а почему онтология математическая?

    13. Физика ярко иллюстрирует подход между научной и аналитической онтологией (Ross, 2023).

      подход между? Стилистически странно

    14. К тому же, этот подход предполагет человеческую уникальность и антропоцентризм: отсутствие ментальных конструктов и разделяемых целей не позволяет животным иметь институты, хотя мы видим протонормативное поведение (кооперативные альянсы с санкциями за нарушение, восприятие справедливости) в животных видах — от ворон (Wascher & Bugnyar, 2013) до шимпанзе (Rudolf von Rohr, Burkart, & van Schaik, 2011).

      Не ясен аргумент. Протонормативное поведение не противоречит утверждению о том, что у животных нет институтов

    15. Другие, развиваемые в рамках экономики и теории рационального выбора

      почему только в рамках экономики и пр. У Серля философский проект

    16. Этот вопрос имеет не только практическое, но и метаонтологическое измерение.

      О каком практическом значении идет речь? Что значит "метаонтологическое измерение"?

    17. Институт как синтез: «правила-в-равновесии»

      Институт как правило в равновесии: синтетический подход? "Как синтез" странно звучит

    1. Using the Hypothesis extension, annotations live directly on the page. It requires you to create an account, but after that, I only have to highlight any text on a website and add a note that saves to my account. Before I discovered this extension, I was regularly clipping quotes into Notion.

      I'm trying this too

    1. European electronic communications rules seek to make broadband internet access and voice communications affordable and available throughout Europe through effective competition and choice. Where the needs of consumers are not met by the market, universal service obligations ensure that affordable adequate internet access and voice communications services are available, regardless of personal circumstances like location, income or disability. The adequate broadband internet must have sufficient bandwidth for using important services such as eGovernment, internet banking, and standard quality video calls.

      EECC covers both telephony and broadband

    2. EECC introduced a new general objective to promote connectivity and access to, and take-up of, very high-capacity networks, including fixed, mobile and wireless networks, by all citizens and businesses of the Union. Increased emphasis was also given to the need to take into account the variety of conditions relating to infrastructure and competition in different geographic areas and the need to promote efficient investment and innovation in new and enhanced infrastructures.

      EECC focus was connectivity across MS, incl fixed, mobile networks.

    3. The Commission completed the review of the functioning of the EECC on 21 January 2026 with the adoption and publication of a Report to the European Parliament and the Council. After highlighting several challenges, the Digital Networks Act (DNA) proposal aims to replace the Code. In turn, the DNA will create a modern, simplified and more harmonised legal framework, that boosts innovation and investment in resilient and advanced digital infrastructure, that is critical for enabling the adoption of AI, cloud, space and other innovative technologies.

      EECC was reviewed, and is now to be replaced by [[The Digital Networks Act]] Another example of moving from a directive to a regulation. A stronger move to single market therefore. Vgl PSI Directive moving into DA.

    4. the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) has developed and adopted a significant number of guidelines, which aimed to promote a consistent application of the EECC and contribute to its successful implementation.

      BEREC (founded 2009) has supported the EECC implementation.

    5. Only three Member States met the December 2020 deadline for transposing the EECC into national law. The transposition in all 27 Member States was only completed in August 2024, with the Commission supporting the Member States in the implementation process.

      The EECC is a directive, and transposition in MS took very long. 3 by the 2020/12 deadline. All only by 2024/08, with EC support.

    1. Cadre de référence sur les mesures de contrôle en milieu scolaire : Note de synthèse

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D43t0L_G7-Y

      Résumé exécutif

      Ce document de référence, fruit d'une collaboration entre le ministère de l’Éducation (MEQ) et la Fédération des centres de services scolaires du Québec (FCSSQ), définit les orientations nationales concernant l’utilisation des mesures de contrôle — contention et isolement — dans les établissements d'enseignement.

      La prémisse fondamentale est que ces mesures ne doivent être envisagées qu'en dernier recours, exclusivement dans des situations d'urgence où la sécurité de l'élève ou d'autrui est menacée de façon imminente.

      Le cadre privilégie une approche préventive et éducative, structurée autour du Système de soutien à paliers multiples (SSPM), visant à réduire au minimum le recours à la force ou à la contrainte.

      Il clarifie les responsabilités légales et professionnelles, notamment depuis les modifications réglementaires d'octobre 2023 habilitant certains professionnels (psychologues et psychoéducateurs) à décider de l’utilisation de mesures de contention.

      La mise en œuvre repose sur une démarche rigoureuse en cinq étapes, incluant l'élaboration de protocoles spécifiques (école ou élève) et l'application de modalités postsituationnelles pour assurer le bien-être et la réévaluation constante des pratiques.

      1. Fondements et principes directeurs

      Le recours aux mesures de contrôle est strictement encadré par des références légales (Charte des droits et libertés, Code civil, Loi sur l'instruction publique) et doit respecter les principes de dignité, d'intégrité et de sécurité de l'élève.

      Principes fondamentaux de l'intervention :

      Dernier recours : Utilisé uniquement lorsque les interventions préventives et les mesures alternatives ont échoué.

      Danger imminent : La menace doit être caractérisée par sa prévisibilité, son immédiateté et la gravité de ses conséquences.

      Contrainte minimale : La mesure doit être la moins restrictive possible et durer le moins longtemps possible (cesser dès que le danger est écarté).

      Respect et dignité : L'intervention doit être empreinte de bienveillance et de chaleur humaine, sous une surveillance constante.

      Suivi obligatoire : Chaque application doit faire l'objet d'un suivi postsituationnel pour évaluer l'efficacité et réguler les futures interventions.

      2. Définitions des mesures de contrôle

      Le cadre distingue plusieurs types d'interventions pour assurer une compréhension commune au sein du réseau scolaire.

      | Type de mesure | Description | Exemples | | --- | --- | --- | | Contention physique | Utilisation de la force humaine pour immobiliser ou diriger un élève contre son gré. | Tenir le bras d'un élève qui résiste ou le maintenir s'il frappe. | | Contention mécanique | Emploi d'un équipement ou de matériel pour limiter le mouvement. | Mitaines de sécurité, vestes de retenue dans le transport scolaire. | | Retrait de matériel | Confiscation d'un appareil palliant normalement un handicap. | Retirer les freins d'un fauteuil roulant ou confisquer une marchette. | | Isolement | Confinement de l'élève dans un lieu d'où il ne peut sortir librement. | Tenir la poignée d'une porte fermée ou bloquer physiquement l'accès. |

      Note : L'administration de substances chimiques à des fins de contrôle nécessite une prescription médicale et n'est pas traitée dans ce document.

      3. Cadre opérationnel : Intervention planifiée vs non planifiée

      Le cadre distingue deux contextes d'application, impactant directement les responsabilités professionnelles.

      | Caractéristique | Intervention Non Planifiée | Intervention Planifiée | | --- | --- | --- | | Contexte | Comportement inhabituel et imprévisible. | Comportement connu et susceptible de se répéter. | | Outil de gestion | Protocole-école (universel). | Protocole-élève (personnalisé, lié au Plan d'intervention). | | Décision (Contention) | Activité non réservée (urgence). | Activité réservée aux professionnels habilités. | | Décision (Isolement) | Activité non réservée. | Activité non réservée (mais encadrée). | | Application | Activité non réservée. | Activité non réservée. |

      4. La démarche d'intervention en cinq étapes

      Pour assurer la sécurité et le respect des droits, une structure systématique est proposée :

      1. Élaboration du protocole : Mise en place préventive de balises (comité-école pour le protocole-école ; équipe-école et parents pour le protocole-élève).

      2. Application des interventions préventives et alternatives : Utilisation de stratégies éducatives pour éviter la crise (diversion, sécurisation de l'environnement).

      3. Évaluation du danger : Analyse rigoureuse de la situation selon les critères de prévisibilité, d'immédiateté et de gravité.

      4. Application de la mesure de contrôle : Mise en œuvre selon les balises du protocole et les recommandations professionnelles.

      5. Modalités postsituationnelles : Retour sur l'événement, établissement des faits, soutien aux témoins (élèves et adultes) et révision du protocole.

      5. Prévention et climat scolaire

      La prévention est la "première voie d'action". Le document souligne l'importance du Système de soutien à paliers multiples (SSPM) :

      Palier 1 (Universel) : Soutien proactif pour tous les élèves (climat sain, règles claires, relations positives).

      Palier 2 (Ciblé) : Soutien supplémentaire pour les élèves à risque (autorégulation, habiletés sociales).

      Palier 3 (Intensif) : Interventions individualisées pour les difficultés graves ou persistantes.

      Le modèle "3 x 3" du CSSMB est cité en exemple, croisant l'intensité de l'intervention avec les sphères individuelle, scolaire et familiale.

      6. Rôles et responsabilités clés

      Le succès de ce cadre repose sur une responsabilité partagée :

      Direction d'établissement : Coordonne l'élaboration des protocoles, assure la formation du personnel et veille au bien-être physique et psychologique de tous.

      Personnel professionnel habilité (Ergothérapeutes, infirmiers, médecins, physiothérapeutes, psychoéducateurs, psychologues) : Réalise l'évaluation clinique, décide de la mesure en contexte planifié et émet des recommandations.

      Intervenants scolaires : Collaborent à l'analyse des comportements, appliquent les mesures en suivant les protocoles et informent la direction.

      Parents et élèves : Doivent être impliqués activement dans l'élaboration du protocole-élève. Un consentement libre et éclairé est requis pour toute mesure planifiée.

      Citations et informations critiques

      « Une mesure de contrôle [...] est une intervention de dernier recours qui devrait être réalisée exclusivement en situation d’urgence, c’est-à-dire lorsque la sécurité du personnel ou des élèves est menacée. » — Bernard Drainville, Ministre de l'Éducation

      « L’utilisation d’une mesure de contrôle n’est pas préconisée en milieu scolaire. [...] Elle ne doit jamais être employée comme mesure éducative ou punitive ou encore pour faciliter la surveillance de l’élève. » — Source Contextuelle, Section 1.1

      « Le recours aux mesures de contrôle est susceptible d’entraîner des blessures physiques et psychologiques qui peuvent avoir des implications à long terme. » — Source Contextuelle, Section 1

    1. Cadre de référence sur les mesures de contrôle en milieu scolaire : Ensemble pour prévenir et protéger

      https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/adm/min/education/publications-adm/soutien-etablissements/Cadre-reference_Mesures-controle.pdf

      Résumé analytique

      Ce document de référence, élaboré pour le réseau scolaire québécois, définit les paramètres stricts entourant l'utilisation des mesures de contrôle (contention et isolement) auprès des élèves.

      L'objectif central est de transformer les pratiques pour que ces mesures ne soient utilisées qu'en dernier recours, lors de situations d'urgence où la sécurité est compromise.

      Le cadre mise sur la prévention, l'intervention précoce et le recours à des mesures alternatives pour minimiser, voire éliminer, ces pratiques exceptionnelles.

      Il souligne l'importance d'une approche collaborative incluant le personnel scolaire, les professionnels habilités, les familles et les partenaires de la santé, tout en fournissant des protocoles rigoureux pour garantir la dignité et la sécurité physique et psychologique de tous les acteurs impliqués.

      Objectifs et finalités du cadre de référence

      Le cadre « Ensemble pour prévenir et protéger » vise à encadrer les interventions de qualité adaptées au milieu scolaire. Ses objectifs fondamentaux s'articulent autour de quatre axes :

      Sensibilisation : Informer le personnel scolaire sur les enjeux éthiques et légaux liés aux mesures de contrôle.

      Prévention et Éducation : Soutenir la mise en place d'interventions préventives pour maintenir un climat sain et sécuritaire.

      Réduction du recours aux mesures : Favoriser l'application de mesures alternatives pour limiter au minimum l'utilisation de la contention ou de l'isolement.

      Standardisation : Proposer un vocabulaire commun et consensuel pour assurer une compréhension uniforme à travers le réseau.

      Définitions des mesures de contrôle

      Le cadre clarifie deux catégories principales de mesures de contrôle, définies par leur objectif d'entraver la liberté de mouvement ou de restreindre les capacités de l'élève.

      1. La contention

      Elle consiste à empêcher ou limiter la liberté de mouvement d'un élève. Elle peut prendre trois formes :

      Force humaine : Maintenir physiquement un élève (ex: pour empêcher une agression envers un pair).

      Moyen mécanique : Utilisation d'équipements (ex: veste de retenue dans le transport scolaire).

      Privation de moyens : Retirer un outil utilisé par l'élève pour pallier un handicap.

      2. L'isolement

      L'isolement vise à confiner l'élève pour une durée déterminée dans un lieu dont il ne peut sortir librement.

      Exemples : Bloquer physiquement l'accès à une sortie ou maintenir la poignée d'une porte fermée.

      Principes directeurs de l'intervention

      L'application d'une mesure de contrôle est un acte exceptionnel qui peut porter atteinte à la dignité et au développement de l'élève. Son utilisation doit respecter cinq principes fondamentaux :

      | Principe | Description | | --- | --- | | Dernier recours | Uniquement en cas de danger imminent et lorsque les mesures alternatives ont échoué. | | Moindre contrainte | La mesure doit être la moins restrictive possible et cesser dès que le danger est écarté. | | Dignité et Sécurité | L'intervention doit s'inscrire dans une relation d'aide, respectant l'intégrité de l'élève. | | Compétence et Surveillance | Réalisée par du personnel formé, avec une surveillance constante pendant et après la mesure. | | Respect des protocoles | Application stricte des protocoles (école/élève) et suivi post-situationnel systématique. |

      Contextes d'intervention et cadre légal

      Le cadre distingue deux contextes d'application, dictant les protocoles et les responsabilités :

      Intervention non planifiée

      Déclencheur : Situation d'urgence avec un comportement inhabituel et imprévisible.

      Protocole : Doit être conforme au protocole école.

      Intervention planifiée

      Déclencheur : Comportement connu, susceptible de se répéter et mettant la sécurité en danger.

      Protocole : Doit être conforme au protocole élève personnalisé.

      Activité réservée : Au Québec, la décision d'utiliser une mesure de contention dans un contexte planifié est une activité réservée à certains professionnels :

      ◦ Ergothérapeutes.    ◦ Psychoéducateurs et psychoéducatrices.    ◦ Psychologues.

      Collaboration et mise en œuvre

      La réduction du recours aux mesures de contrôle repose sur une étroite collaboration entre divers acteurs. Le cadre clarifie les rôles et responsabilités de chacun :

      Équipe école et professionnels : Collaboration interdisciplinaire pour identifier des solutions alternatives.

      Famille et Éléve : Implication directe des parents et de l'élève dans la recherche de solutions et le choix des interventions.

      Partenaires externes : Concertation avec le secteur de la santé et des services sociaux.

      Outils de soutien

      Pour faciliter l'application de ces directives, plusieurs outils sont mis à disposition des établissements :

      • Modèles de protocoles (école et élève).

      • Outils de planification et aide-mémoires.

      • Modèles de rapports d'événements pour le suivi post-situationnel.

      Conclusion

      L'utilisation des mesures de contrôle en milieu scolaire comporte des risques de préjudices physiques et psychologiques importants, tant pour l'élève que pour le personnel.

      Ce cadre de référence impose une démarche d'intervention rigoureuse, basée sur la formation et le discernement.

      En privilégiant les interventions préventives et les pratiques collaboratives, le milieu scolaire s'engage à maintenir un environnement sécuritaire tout en protégeant les droits fondamentaux et la santé des élèves.

    1. – sowohl für das gesamte Korpus als auch für einzelne Elemente –

      die Gedankenstriche geben ChatGPT-Vibes. Vielleicht lieber Kommas?

  2. ivanov-petrov.livejournal.com ivanov-petrov.livejournal.com
    1. Не нужно комнат привиденью,Не нужно дома;В твоей душе все коридорыЕму знакомы.Ужасна призрачная полночь,И нет огня,Но хуже, если гость приходитСредь бела дня.Глухая поступь в старом замкеНе так страшна,Как стерегущая безлунной ночьюВас тишина.Пускай твое орудье грозноИ дверь прочна,Она не остановит призрак,Что бродит — в нас.
    1. CSV-Datei, bei der in der ersten Zeile ein Tabellenkopf steht, in den dann folgenden Zeilen jeweils zunächst eine durchzählende ID, dann ein Wort, gefolgt von weiteren linguistischen Informationen: der Grundform (“Lemma”) und der Wortart (“POS”, “Part of Speech”)

      Hier sieht man auch schön, den Zusammenhang zwischen Text und Tabelle. Es lässt sich nicht immer so leicht trennen

    2. Beispiel für eine XML-Kodierung nach TEI-Standard. Im Kopfbereich der Datei steht der <teiHeader> mit Metadaten, es folgt das <text>-Element, in dem der Text mit Strukturinformationen (z.B. <head> für Überschrift) gesoeichert wird

      Mega!

    3. Zudem ist die Erstellung in den entsprechende Editoren unterschiedlich, etwa des weit verbreiteten Oxygen XML Editors, Notepad++ oder Atom, was den Einstieg erschwert.

      Sind die open-source? Oxygen zumindest nicht. Ein Hinweis dazu wäre vielleicht sinnvoll

    4. Die Grippe wütet weiter Zunahme der schweren Fälle in Berlin.  Die Zahl der Grippefälle ist in den letzten beiden Tagen auch in Groß-Berlin noch deutlich gestiegen. Die Warenhäuser und sonstigen Geschäfte, die Kriegs- und die privaten Betriebe klagen, dass übermäßig viele Angestellte krank melden müssen, und auch bei der Post und bei der Straßenbahn ist die Zahl der Grippekranken bedeutend gestiegen. Beispiel für Reinen Text ohne jede Formatierung, üblicherweise als TXT-Datei gespeichert

      Sehr schön, gern mehr Beispiele einbauen

    1. Sammlungen von maschinenlesbaren Textdokumenten, die nach bestimmten Kriterien zusammengestellt wurden.

      Deutlicher Machen. Korpora sind sehr grundlegend für das OER. Das sollte auf jeden Fall hängen bleiben

    1. Im zurückliegenden Kapitel haben wir die Forschungsfrage der vorliegenden Fallstudie expliziert und mithilfe von historischen Visualisierungen veranschaulicht. Um die Forschungsfrage für eine quantitativ-digitale Analyse adressierbar zu machen, haben wir eine Operationalisierung vorgenommen, durch die wir einen Messvorgang definieren können, der als Antwort für die Frage gelten kann. Im nächsten Kapitel werden wir nun unser Forschungskorpus aufbauen, auf dem wir den Messvorgang durchführen werden. { requestKernel: true, binderOptions: { repo: "binder-examples/jupyter-stacks-datascience", ref: "master", }, codeMirrorConfig: { theme: "abcdef", mode: "python" }, kernelOptions: { name: "python3", path: "./research_question" }, predefinedOutput: true } kernelName = 'python3'

      Sehr schön mit dem "Wir"

    2. Jede Operationalisierung bringt diskutable Einschränkungen mit sich. Die kritische Reflexion dieser Grenzen ist essentieller Bestandteil von Digital-Humanities-Projekten.

      Vielleicht etwas dazu schreiben, dass auch traditionelle Methoden Einschränkungen mit sich bringen. Sonst bleibt hängen, dass DH super kritisch ist und der Rest nicht

    1. Why are so many techies dysphoric?It must be said that some people in tech are closeted or unaware trans people, and it's probably significantly more of the population than we might think given that a lot of trans people wind up drawn towards tech as a field. In these cases, the dysphoria makes a considerable amount of sense. However, even at the outer limit, that would account for no more than a quarter of tech people, which isn't enough to explain the general prevalence of dysphoria that we observe in the tech community. This means that we need an explanation for why our tech industry is so dead-eyed and void of emotion or motivation that isn't just that they need estrogen.

      while there are relatively more trans people in tech (a clear pattern yes), it does not explain the overall presence of dysphoria in tech.

    2. Looking at tech culture through this framing, it's hard not to see a lot of the same patterns at play. The depersonalisation, the idea that people can somehow be pure mind rather than being embodied and the lack of desire and motivation of your own and willingness to go along with whatever you're told by society is good are all very much patterns that we see in tech.

      Direct comparison of techie patterns w dysphoria

    3. In this kind of situation, you quickly wind up suppressing your actual desires, emotions and motivations, even to yourself, and instead try and act on the basis of what society tells you that you should want, should feel and should be trying to do. Consequently, it becomes very easy for you to simply fall in with whatever everyone else is doing, to neglect yourself and your body and to see yourself and others almost as depersonalised minds without any real physical needs or wants.

      Not unique to gender dysphoria. Any abuse will do too. Or neuro differences. n:: Vgl shiny cylinder stuff, HB etc.

    4. While a lot of dysphoria is about the physical body (how could it not be), much of the ill-feeling in practice is to do with emotions and with desire.

      dysphoria is not just physical, but about emotions and desires (and their clash with environment) too.

    5. n that kind of state, it's very easy to fall in with basically anything that tells you how you should live your life, what the path to happiness and feeling OK is or whatever: when you don't much desire or value anything, rejecting propaganda on the basis that it conflicts with your desires or values isn't a thing that really happens.

      It makes one a space to be written into similar to mentioned above for techies

    6. Without knowing that it's gender-related, dysphoria often presents precisely as this kind of directionlessness, not having desires or not knowing what you want. You often wind up kind of sleepwalking through life, trying to pursue the things that you think that you should want or the desires that society tells you are appropriate for someone in your supposed social position. Nothing ever quite works though, and often enough, until you figure out the problem, you kinda just... stop wanting things and stop trying entirely.

      describes dysphoria as directionlessness, as long as you don't know its cause, mimicking the desires and motions others go through and society suggest. Leading to detachment and withdrawal.

    7. this depersonalisation, the weird relationship to their bodily existence, inability to enjoy things and an internal void that people constantly try and fill with what they're told they should want... all of these things are very similar to the experience of gender dysphoria

      Author compares it with gender dysphoria

    8. The existence of soylent suggests that a significant minority of tech people don't even really like or enjoy food all that much.

      Techies as groups distancing them from other interests, including food/eating

    9. It's as though many people in the tech industry have no real desires at all beyond the desires that they're told to have by their wider social circles.

      Software devs desires as the current highest probability desires of their environment. (Vgl [[Groep som der delen of container 20201207194431]]

    10. When LLM coding agents are the new hot thing, everything that the engineering community previously said about engineering standards, testing and robustness suddenly goes out the window,

      Techno-optimists wrt LLM throwing established practices to safeguard quality out the window. (And I noticed if you point it out it gets them mad, e.g. wrt web search by LLM)

    11. The pattern in the tech world seems to be a distorted mirror of this, where some entity pushes a propaganda narrative and, like clockwork, the core influencers of general tech opinion shift their desires to match

      Observes a quick uptake of narrative du jour, where in other groups existing opinions, wishes and aims are to be navigated around

    12. Whether it's talking about race science and eugenics, the blockchain and NFTs or our current LLM situation, the core voices in the tech community (which is to say the people who have a disproportionate influence on general opinion within tech) are consistently willing to pick it up and go along with it, regardless of how obviously the narrative has been deliberately engineered and almost as though they have no real desires or internal motivation of their own.

      Mentions example topics where author observes this pattern

    13. I drew the conclusion that software developers are almost uniquely vulnerable among educated and professional people to being taken in by propaganda.

      Author observes that software devs are more swayed by propaganda that other professional classes, like stats and engineering.

    1. My name was Don Andrea

      Could also be a sort of subtle nudge to a characteristic of Andrea's character throughout the play. Something about a disconnect or loss of identity that haunts him or influences the ways he behaves.

    2. When I was slain, my soul descended straight,

      In the context of Elizabethan England it feels sort of telling that his soul immediately descended upon death. Even with the overall story's themes of Greek/Roman mythology the audience would have been immediately familiar with the Christian undertones akin to Dante's Inferno. It feels intentional to mention this as it would make audience members assume something about his character being immoral or bad in some way.

    1. While there are healthy ways of sharing difficult emotions and experiences (see the next section), when these difficult emotions and experiences are thrown at unsuspecting and unwilling audiences, that is called trauma dumping. Social media can make trauma dumping easier. For example, with parasocial relationships, you might feel like the celebrity is your friend who wants to hear your trauma. And with context collapse, where audiences are combined, how would you share your trauma with an appropriate audience and not an inappropriate one (e.g., if you re-post something and talk about how it reminds you of your trauma, are you dumping it on the original poster?).

      I have experienced being on the viewer-side of users trauma dumping- whether it be in video formats, posted publicly for everyone to see and interact with, or under a comment section, where no one asked to read about their traumatic past. In many ways I can see how this may be therapeutic or even comforting, knowing that there are people out there to listen to and talk about your past with, however there are also cons to doing so. Most users when scrolling on social media somewhat expect there to be negative, sad, or frustrating stories that they will come across, however a lot of users may not feel comfortable being told personal stories and traumatic events that have happened to other people, as it could be triggering to their own past, or make them skeptical, fearing, or deeply uncomfortable. There have been various times where under a persons post where they're sharing their health journey from an eating disorder I will see users in the comments talking about all the ways in which they endulged in their unhealthy habits, and that could not only make users and the video poster uncomfortable, but even push them into reforming their bad habits. There's so many potential consequences sharing one's traumatic story online can bring, I find it would be much more efficient and beneficial to all users if these people would instead speak to a therapist or close friends (who are comfortable speaking about this with), rather than strangers on the internet who never asked to read or listen to your story. **

    1. Some researchers have found that people using social media may enter a dissociation state, where they lose track of time (like what happens when someone is reading a good book).

      Through various research methods in the past, I have found that this sort of "dissociation state" usually occurs because when people are using social media, they are mindlessly scrolling until they find their next dose of short-term dopamine. It's what also keeps users on the platform. A constant need and search for dopamine from a funny video or a cute dog keeps the user scrolling, until the hours are passing and it's suddenly 4am.

    1. Treat the margins of your sharedtext like you would a physical classroom space, as a place where differentopinions and experiences can be valued and discussed safely.

      I really like thar there is an example to visualize this. A way to put it into past experiences.

    2. Shared annotations can also help us to understand theresponses readers might have to an authors’ writing choices

      I never really understood why you would annotate until I read this, it does make sense because it gives you a view from everyone else's eye.

    1. The male equivalent of a flapper was a "sheik," although that term has not remained as strong in the American vernacular.

      A Sheik is the male version of a flapper.

    2. The 1920s was a time of dramatic change in the United States.

      This annotation really catches the readers attention because it starts on highlighting the decade that the United States experienced significant change.

    3. Flappers wore shorter skirts, shorter hair, and more makeup, and they drank and smoked with the boys.

      This annotation provides detail on what the style of the flappers, what they wore and their behaviors.

    1. Across the country, we have seen so many cases of teachers openly expressing their political beliefs in the classroom.

      The tendency may be exaggerated by this generalization. Since some instructors might never voice their political views in class, the phrase "many teachers" would be more accurate than "nearly all teachers."

    2. The First Amendment guarantees the right of free speech to all Americans. Therefore, teachers have the right to express themselves freely in the classroom.

      This statement, in my opinion, is accurate since educators ought to have some degree of self-expression. Ultimately, they are instructing youngsters.

    3. In order to make a point that is worth making, we may need facts or evidence, but we will also need ways to connect those specifics to bigger points or other related specifics.

      This is a really nice point since, yes, we do need evidence to support worthwhile arguments and to demonstrate how they relate to one another.

    4. Can we justify turning our backs on the needs of desperate people? There is no justification for such selfishness. The time has come to open our borders.

      This brings so many people attention, this is a great attention getter and a very well point to make. We need to stop being so selfish and accept people and tear down these borders, theres no need to separate people from each other, especially family.

    5. cross the country, we have seen so many cases of teachers openly expressing their political beliefs in the classroom

      While yes I do agree this happens more than is should be, but it is only teachers who reveal too much about their personal lives and don't know how to keep professor and personal apart in their teaching jobs.

    6. In order to make a point that is worth making, we may need facts or evidence, but we will also need ways to connect those specifics to bigger points or other related specifics.

      This is a very good point because yes, we do need evidence to back up points that are worth it, and we do need to show how they do connect.

    7. We can surely think of teachers who do not express political beliefs in the classroom.

      I don't think there is really a reason for teachers to bring up their political beliefs but maybe in some cases.

    1. Maintaining a positive attitude when providing feedback will put you and your partner at ease.

      maintaining a positive mind while writing will help you have clear mind and have good resources or keys to succeed

    2. Editing and proofreading can work well with a partner. You can offer to be another pair of eyes for peers in exchange for them doing the same for you. Whether you are editing and proofreading your work or the work of a peer, the process is basically the same

      Editing and proofreading can be even more effective with a partner. You can trade help—reviewing a peer’s work while they review yours—and the steps you follow are essentially the same whether you’re checking your own work or someone else’s.

    3. A second reason is that, as you make changes and adjustments, you might not totally match up the original parts and revised parts. Finally, a third key reason for proofreading is because you likely have errors you typically make and proofreading gives you a chance to correct those errors.

      A second reason is that when you make changes, the new parts might not perfectly align with the original sections. Finally, a third reason to proofread is that it gives you a chance to catch and fix the mistakes you often make.

    4. One of the main reasons that you are likely to make mistakes is that your mind and fingers are not always moving along at the same speed nor are they necessarily in sync.

      One common reason mistakes happen is that your thoughts and your typing don’t always move at the same pace or stay fully coordinated.

    5. Also, pay particular attention to parts of the paper you have moved around or changed in other ways to make sure that your new versions still work smoothly.

      Also, carefully review any sections you moved or revised to make sure the ideas still flow smoothly and make sense in their new place.

    6. However, you should plan to read through the entire final draft at least one additional time. During this stage of editing and proofreading your entire essay, you should be looking for general consistency and clarity.

      Plan to read your final draft at least one more time before submitting. During this review, focus on making sure your ideas are clear and your writing is consistent throughout the essay.

    7. In addition to revising, you will also want to go back to your paper one more time to proofread, which will prepare you for the peer review process.

      Before submitting for peer review, read your paper slowly one more time and look for small grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes.

    1. democratising artificial intelligence for the Global South. The summit aims to ensure that AI development is inclusive and accessible, particularly for developing nations.

      what is democratising artificial intelligence mean?

    1. If you feel somewhat confident about what you need to include in your writing assignment, bring your completed outline and/or the first draft of your paper together with your assignment sheet. Tutors can also review your final draft before its submission to your professor.

      make sure you are always analyzing your work before submission.

    2. Set due dates for the stage of your writing process, for example when you would like to pick a topic and complete your rough draft.

      Start at the beginning of the week and plan to give yourself more time to make quality work.

    3. waiting until the night before the due date, writing until far past her bedtime, getting only three hours of sleep, and turning in the assignment. That is not an effective writing process!

      Dont procrastinate!

    1. In this pioneering synthesis of existing research using athree-level meta-analysis, we found a significant, moderatepositive correlation between CM and PSU. Furthermore, weobserved that as age increases, the harm caused by physicaland sexual abuse appears to decrease, although this age-related effect was not observed for other forms ofmaltreatment.

      The conclusion found that there is a positive correlation between CM and PSU. Increase in age found that CM's decrease.

    2. Our meta-analysis facednotable sampling limitations that impacted both internaland external validity. The included studies exhibited signif-icant variability in sample sizes, ranging from 208 to 16,212participants, which may have introduced random error intoour pooled estimates (Rumpf et al., 2019). This substantialheterogeneity in sample characteristics likely led to system-atic variations in observed effects, highlighting howdemographic and contextual factors shape the manifestationof behavioral addiction.The representativeness of our findings is further limitedby the predominance of university student

      This identifies the limitations within the research. Some to include sampling.

    3. Our meta-analysis summarized the features of the51 studies. These studies collectively encompassed 74,672individuals, ave

      This identifies the specific study type and it identifies how many studies were included.

    4. The sample sizes in our study varied, ranging from 227 to16,216 participants. The majority of the samples were drawnfrom student populations: 22 studies focused on college stu-dents, 14 focused on middle school students, 5 focused onhigh school students, and the remaining 10 studies involvedJournal of Behavioral Addictions 14 (2025) 2, 644–659 649

      This identifies the participants within the study.

    5. Given the significant influenceof the family environment, our study specifically examineshow family-related predisposing variables shape problemati

      Familial involvement is important for growth and development, how engaged individuals are and to what degree the engagement exist influences the impact of technological use.

    6. While thesedevices enhance our ability to work, connect socially, and access entertainment, theirexcessive use is associated with several physical and mental health challenges. These includevisual impairment, sleep disturbances, and workplace distractions

      Although cell phone usage has proven to be helpful, it has led to many challenges, especially among youth.

    Annotators

    1. Along these lines, avoid the other common trick of adding unnecessary words just to lengthen the essay out to the required number of pages. Instead always look for ways to state your point of view more succinctly. You can do this by using a term that implies several others.

      this will help me to learn how to lengthen my essay.

    2. Each one would use different language and syntax to describe the concept, and as each student makes individual choices in language and syntax over a period of time, their readers will eventually associate those choices with particular writers — their unique writing accumulates to create an authorial voice.

      Finding your voce as writer takes time.

    3. you update your status on a social networking site with the awareness of who will digitally follow the post. If you want to brag about a good grade, you may write the post to please family members

      This is an example of knowing your audience

    1. Sephora. Rather than visiting their local drugstore to grab inexpensive, questionable quality cosmetics or heading to a department store to visit high-end makeup counters, customers shopping at Sephora encounter fun in-store environments that encourage them to play with the products, which include both store brands and Page 162famous names. Unlike competing beauty retailers, Sephora also provides customized experiences for each customer. In its TIP (Teach, Inspire, Play) stores, customers can use augmented reality tools to try on makeup products virtually and identify the most flattering shades for them to purchase and wear.4 For customers who want a more high-touch experience, Sephora’s Beauty Advisors provide personalized consultations and makeup classes in select retail locations.

      Sephora sets itself apart as it provides a fun and interactive shopping experience as opposed to just being a makeup store. As opposed to other drugstores or regular department stores, Sephora encourages customers to come and try out the products and learn about both the new brands as well as the established ones. Through its TIP stores, Sephora allows customers to try out the products virtually and see which colors would look best on them through the use of augmented reality. Sephora also offers customers personalized help from Beauty Advisors, showing how Sephora differentiates itself through customization.

    2. A retail strategy indicates how a retailer will deal effectively with its environment, customers, and competitors.2 As the retail management decision-making process (discussed in Chapter 1) indicates, the retail strategy (Section II) is the bridge between understanding the world of retailing (Section I) and more tactical merchandise management and store operations activities (Sections III and IV) undertaken to implement the retail strategy. The first part of this chapter defines the term retail strategy and discusses three important elements of retail strategy: (1) the target market segment, (2) the retail format, and (3) the retailer’s bases of sustainable competitive advantage. Then we outline approaches that retailers use to build a sustainable competitive advantage. After reviewing the various growth opportunities, including international expansion, that retailers can pursue, the chapter concludes with a discussion of the strategic retail planning process.

      Retail strategy is essentially the game plan that a retailer adopts in order to be successful. It describes how the business will react to the environment, how it will satisfy the needs of the customers, and how it will differentiate itself from other retailers. It links the overall understanding of retailing to the operational decisions such as merchandise and store operations. A retail strategy has three key components: target market, retail format, and competitive advantage.

    1. The ̈Song about Life in Virginia" shows the life of a female servant who feels unending misery and physical exhaustion. The song highlights the back-breaking field work of the female servant, where she and other females were to perform various tasks inside and outside. Women were playing hard physical roles which caused the physical exhaustion. They experienced hunger and poor substances and were physically deprived. In the article she said, ̈Instead of drinking beer I drink water clear. ̈ Which makes her skin pale and wan. She also experiences harsh living conditions. She expressed that instead of laying somewhere peaceful she was sleeping on a bed of woe and straw where spiders daily wait on her. The servant prefers to describe herself as a slave. In the article she says, ̈no rest ̈ and explains how she must obey her master dame. In the article she says, ̈If my Dame says go,I dare not say no. ̈ Indicating she must take orders. Throughout the song she uses the repetitive refrain, ̈weary, weary, weary. O. ̈ which shows her exhaustion of being held captive as a slave in Virginia. She concludes her warning to other mains to stay at home in England where they can stay safe and free.

    1. THE THIRD charge against the House of Representatives is, that it will be taken from that class of citizens which will have least sympathy with the mass of the people, and be most likely to aim at an ambitious sacrifice of the many to the aggrandizement of the few.

      This is exactly what has ended up happening.

    1. Even the most well-meaning of anti-racist allies will have blind spots and make grave miscalculations on matters concerning the well-being of people of color.

      As discussed in Module 1, macropractitioners are community organizers and look beyond 1 person or 1 group of people and they look at all of the gaps that affect the population of people they are working with. Expecting an organization that is dominated by white administrators to advocate appropriately for oppressed groups of people is unreasonable, as they can not understand all aspects of the challenges clients are faced with.

    2. Due to historical racism and systemic inequalities, the majority of “disadvantaged communities” are predominantly lower-income black and brown citizens, who have little social capital and little financial security. The nonprofit industry rakes in billions of dollars annually off the creation of programs and services designed with this demographic in mind.

      This statement is very true but Roxbury Ma. was so successful because the residents knew better then to allow business people from outside the community come in and tell them what should be done. Che and other community members saved Roxbury by implementing macro social principles and including the community in the redevelopment of the town.

    3. Who will be measuring the extent of this so-called commitment, how long is it expected to take, and what will be implemented based on the findings? Often, these fundamental questions are left up to the very same white leaders of the entity, who eagerly take credit for what is only a PR statement and not real change.

      These statements regarding the little progress made in wage equality and equal representation was discussed in module 3 in the You Tube video Democracy in the Workplace. The video reminds us of the growth of corporations and capitalism in the 1970's, leaving workers behind, particularly people of color. As productivity grew salaries did not. Little compasion was shown for workers, this article highlights that this remains the same.

    4. To illustrate this point, take the response of certain nonprofits to the NYC mayor’s call for more diversity within the sector.

      Reisch (2014) notes that to create change to develop solutions we need to have new leaders, encourage community involvement to ensure better equality, which is what is being highlighted in this section of the article. The people who are affected by policy and oppression should be represented in leading the advocacy work.

    1. Certificate

      A certificate can be described as a post-secondary credential that signifies the completion of a specific program, typically shorter than degree programs.

    1. -SULYSAY}JO10U9)9}JAOISJeYMOWOSSEF]‘spuno}sJoSUONSJOsx¥O.NSsUIOGQNIs94]UsYM puy

      When you finally begin to write poetry again, your name will be put into Heaven (immortality)

    2. I0gjoUlolIeq pued1eqIsOW payUNODuaqstuyU0]YIeY ‘9s19A10JYZnouaAyayeIspur asoid10)ySnous[NJYIOQSIJJasytJoAyana yorym‘oZu0]J9yIOPYINO3ey}

      echoes Sidney's argument against English poetry

    1. These bioinks comprise two mis-cible polymer networks with complementary gelation mechanismsthat regulate different stages of the fabrication process. A thermo-responsive gelatin network provides excellent extrusion and struc-tural stability during 3D printing, while a photocrosslinkable networkallows the printed structure to be stabilized by covalent crosslink-ing.

      Two part network for bioprinting using theromoresponsive gelatin network to extrude during printing and a cross linkable network that allows the printed structure to be stabilized.

    2. complementarynetwork bioinks naturally release the majority of gelatin at 37°C.Critically, the inclusion of gelatin did not notably affect themechanical properties of the hydrogels after thermal release, nor

      Gelatin is special

    3. Another important and enduring challenge of hydrogel-based musculoskeletal tissue engineering is replicating the mechani-cal properties of the native tissues. The mechanical properties of thetissue constructs could potentially be improved by adjusting thebioink (e.g., through the use of double-network bioinks), coprintingsolid polymeric scaffolds (e.g., by melt electrowriting), incorporatingmechanical stimulation into the tissue culture setup, or extendingthe maturation period

      Mechanical properties of the native tissues

    4. polymer type, photocrosslinking kinetics, and bioink concentrationcan all be selected in the absence of any constraints imposed by theprintability of the formulation. In turn, this offers a more effectivemethodological approach to 3D printing living tissue constructs, wherebythe bioink can be readily tuned to meet the biological requirementsof the encapsulated cells.

      BIOINK METHODOLOGY BIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS

    5. concept of complementary networkbioinks

      Complementary network bioinks are a type of advanced 3D bioprinting material made by combining two or more interacting polymer networks that work together to improve printability, mechanical strength, and biological performance.

    6. While highly specific bioink formulations (12) or customizedprinting methodologies (13) can address the printability of certainbiomaterial systems, these do not provide a standardized method thatcan be applied across different 3D printing scenarios. This consider-ation highlights the motivation for a more generalizable strategy thatextends the biofabrication window across a broad palette of print-able, cytocompatible bioinks

      There is no generalized way to print cell in a cell compatible way but hopes to create a standard

    7. rarelyhave both the physicochemical properties required for the 3D print-ing process and the physicochemical cues to meet the biological needsof the encapsulated cells

      3D printing process needs shear force and temperature with proper viscocity to function.

    8. We have also used a very standard thermalextrusion–based approach that is compatible with existing 3D bio-printing methods (11, 23, 29). Together, these design factors shouldenable complementary network bioinks to find broad applicabilityacross different biomaterial systems and 3D printing protocols, andprovide new opportunities for biofabrication and tissue engineering.

      IMPORTANT TEXT CONCLUSION

    Annotators

    1. Writers should note that revising, editing, and proofreading are considerably different processes.

      Yes, you have the stages of how you write your process to proceed. Editing, Proofreading, Revise.

  3. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. I hear colleagues complain about student writ-ing, my response is “But isn’t that why we’re here? Is it not our jobto teach them?” But a power differential between inexperiencedwriters and professional authors perpetuates the idea of learnersas helpless children. We paint narratives of new writers negatively,researchers refer to them by first name only in publications ratherthan last names as we would real authors

      I think it’s a bit sad and should change. If experienced writers and teachers helped new writers by giving them tips and corrections, we would have many more new novels. This would also help the economy and create new knowledge.

    2. By seeing authors as genius artists only, we removeourselves from the activity of writing, which is social and contex-tual, and are distracted by the product itself.

      I hadn't thought about it that way, but I think It's right. Instead of just using the product, it would be much more interesting to create something myself

    3. . In fact, attimes throughout history, the best authors were believed to havebeen chosen and directly inspired by God Himself.

      I don't see it exactly the same way, but I agree with part of it. I think writing is different from other talents. For example, being good at math comes from practice ,just repeating things over and over. But with writing, I believe people are born with that imagination; it’s a special gift you’re born with it

    1. For example, author Roxane Gay has said, “Content going viral is overwhelming, intimidating, exciting, and downright scary..”

      It’s so interesting that such a seemingly regular aspect of our modern day society seems to be so disorienting for those in the center of it. It just seems like something people aren’t meant to experience and yet it increasingly because a outcome more people want to achieve

    1. Let’s look at some examples of the relationship between virality and intent.

      This a very interesting relationship to observe because it’s easy to forget being on the side of the many that the one person who made the post is as complex as I am.

    1. The Spanish did not want to physically eliminate the indigenous, but they did advocate a cultural genocide of sorts, which was never complete due to native resistance. But this was, in the long run, less successful than the destruction of native culture in North America because despite the Columbian Exchange there were more natives left.

      It makes sense that the cultural destruction of the native people in South America was not as successful as North America. The tactis used in North America seem much more brutal than the ones used in South America.

    2. Many natives felt part of colonial society, and confidently challenged Spanish landowners in court.

      Most of the colonies did not treat the native people well, and so it is surprising that at least in a few instances, the judges ruled fairly in favor of the native people.

    3. Although the colonists found these taxes oppressive and obnoxious, to a great extent they were luxury taxes or excises on trade rather than direct taxes on personal income. Still, imposing new taxes on the colonists was a miscalculation by Parliament, because the merchants and the wealthy most affected by the taxes had the means and the motivation to organize a resistance movement.

      The merchants and colonists in the colonies both have aligned interests against the British at this point. The merchants had a lot of motivation to revolt against the British because of the taxes, while the colonists viewed the British as tyrannical.

    4. Conditions were so harsh on sugar plantations that slaves generally died within about three years after their arrival.

      This is important to remember when considering the number of slaves who died, especially because sugar plantations represented a large amount of the slavery in the colonies.

    5. In many of these countries, the ideas of divine monarchy and hereditary nobility had given way to a sharing of constitutional power between rulers and their subjects. Merchants gained influence and slowly acquired legislative powers in bodies like Britain’s House of Commons.

      Its interesting that the massive influence of merchants led the rulers of these European countries to basically share power with them.

    1. [As I follow YouTube recommendations] It’s far more likely that my biases will be confirmed and possibly even enhanced than they are to be challenged and re-evaluated. And it’s likely for a lot of consumers of YouTube that they will be segregated by political cultural and ethnic lines.

      This actually a YouTuber I engage with frequently. I think his perspective is so interesting because despite his personal convictions he still knows that if he is only to rely on these system he cannot further build the perspective he’d hope to.

    1. Elon Musk’s view expressed in that tweet is different than some of the ideas of the previous owners, who at least tried to figure out how to make Twitter’s algorithm support healthier conversation.

      I wonder if there is something be gained but being so open about there being negative incentives to maximize engagement

    2. Elon Musk’s view expressed in that tweet is different than some of the ideas of the previous owners, who at least tried to figure out how to make Twitter’s algorithm support healthier conversation.

      What is gained for Elon stating this so openly. Is the hope that it pushes personal responsibility from the site and on individuals? I don’t believe this sentiment does an effective job but it’s interesting to reflect on the rhetoric.

    1. Reddit to look up, meaning this site is unfriendly to blind or low-vision users.

      It’s insane to think that such a massive website doesn’t have this type of support wildly available for users. Sometimes it’s hard to remember that many of these practices more exist in theory then in practice.

    1. Overall,advisors enable schools and families to work together toprovide students with the support they need to navigate theintricacies of school in a productive and positive manner.

      This is such a vital piece of education that is often overlooked. Education is a shared approach that requires coordination among students, families, schools, school districts, and the education system. If any one of those things is not where it should be in a productive manner, all elements tend to suffer.

    2. Advisors are charged with making sure that studentssucceed academically, too. When students struggle, theadvisor reaches out to their teachers to develop strategiesto turn things around.

      We focus heavily on student success and ensuring students are supported academically, but teachers also need advisement. Resources that support educators while promoting student success are the most effective investments any school system can make, in my opinion.

    3. Student-centered schools emphasize the use of variedinstructional strategies that accommodate the wide rangeof skills young people bring to the classroom.

      These schools have excellent results, but the lessons and assessments that accompany their curriculum tend to take longer. This trade-off often results in less of the written curriculum being covered, but the content that is covered is usually absorbed at a higher cognitive level.

    4. In recent years, however, educational policymaking hasdiverged from contemporary knowledge about childdevelopment.

      Rather than child development experts serving as the guiding light, political agendas, increased emphasis on adult development models, and fluctuating conditional funding have all shaped policymaking at all levels.

    5. Fortunately, we have models of excellent practice in themany teachers, schools, and districts serving low-incomestudents that have drawn on research from the learningsciences to provide students with the instructional supportsthey need to learn in deeper and more meaningful ways

      These are the models and accounts that teachers and administrators need to research and adapt, along with their teachers, to put into practice. That said, mindlessly implementing something because it worked elsewhere is not always sustainable. Extenuating circumstances are very real and part of every instructional support. Those factors need to be taken into account when developing a success schedule.

    6. For years, schools haverelied on testing to sort students into groups or tracks,presumably for the purpose of efficiently meeting theirlearning needs.

      This is often because we have used adult brain development models as our guide in education, rather than child development as our north star. Yes, we aim to reach the adult stages, but as our brains develop, educators and education professionals need to meet the basic needs of child development.

    7. For low-income studentswho spent all 12 years of school in districts that increasedspending by at least 20 percent, graduation rates rose by23 percentage points and educational attainment levelsrose by a full year.

      As I started my career in special education, I found that when you showed kids you cared, they typically responded. Now, the spike in per-pupil spending is nice, but it would be more important to know how these districts used the money. That is the important part of the equation. Money and resources are not the same thing. How you use the money to accumulate and use resources correctly is the key.

    8. Rather than creating an enriched environmentthat would provide robust linguistic and hands-on learningexperiences that could develop higher-order thinking andperformance, students are often subjected to a seriesof drills and learning experiences designed to developlow-level skills.

      Closing the gap from below expectations to meet standards on a standardized test becomes the focus for kids who are behind. Instead of working backward and using creativity to spark a struggling child's imagination, educators often focus on skill- and drill-based methods. Sometimes it helps, but many times it just has children check out more.

    1. it can be difficult if not impossible for law enforcement officials to distinguish between images of real and fake children.

      Exactly this! If you cannot deem it real or not then it should just be banned entirely.

    2. The court’s decision stated that these digitally altered sexually explicit depictions of minors “implicate the interests of real children and are in that sense closer to the images in Ferber.”

      Exactly my point from earlier

    3. The government’s interest in protecting the physical and psychological well-being of children, the court found, was not implicated when such obscene material is computer generated. “Virtual child pornography is not ‘intrinsically related’ to the sexual abuse of children,” the court wrote.

      Now I see the complexity of the argument. Because it is AI it does not display a real child. However I would argue that if you could create this you have the means to involve an actual child later.

      An example a person threatens to kill another person. They don't actually kill the person, but they can still get in trouble with the law for the threat. They may not be charged with murder but there is still accountability. I think you could something similar in this scenario.

      They technically still have possession of child porn which is illegal involving a real child or an AI generated. Also technically speaking all porn is created or produced for creative, imaginative purposes. That being said, an AI child is not far off.

    4. almost certainly falls under the scope of that ruling.

      I wouldn't just say almost. I would argue that it absolutely does. If child pornographic images is illegal, its arguable that creating them is just as illegal because you still have possession at that point.

    1. Obviously, reading and writing work together. Therefore, while reading, consider your writing situation.

      understand what are reading is really important because that's where you get the idea of what to write.

    1. Brown v. Board of Education

      I need to read more about how this is holding up nowadays, with the opening of all the charter schools, losing of funding, and how schools are now more segregated than before.

    1. Most people dislike vanity in others, whatever share they have of it themselves; but I give it fair quarter wherever I meet with it, being persuaded that it is often productive of good to the possessor, and to others that are within his sphere of action; and therefore, in many cases, it would not be altogether absurd if a man were to thank God for his vanity among the other comforts of life.

      I like this take.