Solution: tie every proxy to usability: “Can this artifact unblock the next step?” If no → proxy doesn’t count.

"Do what you are told, woman," Okonkwo thundered, and stammered. "When didyou become one of the ndichie of Umuofia?

t was deeper and more intimate than the fear ofevil and capricious gods and of magic, the fear of the forest, and of the forces of nature,malevolent, red in tooth and claw. Okonkwo's fear was greater than these. It was notexternal but lay deep within himself.

In the morning the market place was full. There must have been about tenthousand men there, all talking in low voices. At last Ogbuefi Ezeugo stood up in themidst of them and bellowed four times, "Umuofia kwenu," and on each occasion he faceda different direction and seemed to push the air with a clenched fist. And ten thousandmen answered "Yaa!" each time. Then there was perfect silence. Ogbuefi Ezeugo was apowerful orator and was always chosen to speak on such occasions. He moved his handover his white head and stroked his white beard. He then adjusted his cloth, which waspassed under his right arm-pit and tied above his left shoulder."Umuofia kwenu," he bellowed a fifth time, and the crowd yelled in answer. Andthen suddenly like one possessed he shot out his left hand and pointed in the direction ofMbaino, and said through gleaming white teeth firmly clenched: "Those sons of wildanimals have dared to murder a daughter of Umuofia." He threw his head down andgnashed his teeth, and allowed a murmur of suppressed anger to sweep the crowd. Whenhe began again, the anger on his face was gone, and in its place a sort of smile hovered,more terrible and more sinister than the anger. And in a clear unemotional voice he toldUmuofia how their daughter had gone to market at Mbaino and had been killed. Thatwoman, said Ezeugo, was the wife of Ogbuefi Udo, and he pointed to a man who sat nearhim with a bowed head. The crowd then shouted with anger and thirst for blood.Many others spoke, and at the end it was decided to follow the normal course ofaction. An ultimatum was immediately dispatched to Mbaino asking them to choosebetween war - on the one hand, and on the other the offer of a young man and a virgin ascompensation.Umuofia was feared by all its neighbours. It was powerful in war and in magic,and its priests and medicine men were feared in all the surrounding country. Its mostpotent war-medicine was as old as the clan itself. Nobody knew how old. But on onepoint there was general agreement--the active principle in that medicine had been an oldwoman with one leg. In fact, the medicine itself was called agadi-nwayi, or old woman. Ithad its shrine in the centre of Umuofia, in a cleared spot. And if anybody was sofoolhardy as to pass by the shrine after dusk he was sure to see the old woman hoppingabout.And so the neighbouring clans who naturally knew of these things fearedUmuofia, and would not go to war against it without first trying a peaceful settlement.And in fairness to Umuofia it should be recorded that it never went to war unless its casewas clear and just and was accepted as such by its Oracle - the Oracle of the Hills and theCaves. And there were indeed occasions when the Oracle had forbidden Umuofia to wage

The night was very quiet. It was always quiet except on moonlight nights.Darkness held a vague terror for these people, even the bravest among them. Childrenwere warned not to whistle at night for fear of evil spirits. Dangerous animals becameeven more sinister and uncanny in the dark. A snake was never called by its name atnight, because it would hear. It was called a string. And so on this particular night as thecrier's voice was gradually swallowed up in the distance, silence returned to the world, avibrant silence made more intense by the universal trill of a million million forest insects.

When Unoka died he had taken no title at all and he was heavily in debt. Anywonder then that his son Okonkwo was ashamed of him? Fortunately, among thesepeople a man was judged according to his worth and not according to the worth of hisfather. Okonkwo was clearly cut out for great things. He was still young but he had wonfame as the greatest wrestler in the nine villages. He was a wealthy farmer and had twobarns full of yams, and had just married his third wife. To crown it all he had taken twotitles and had shown incredible prowess in two inter-tribal wars. And so althoughOkonkwo was still young, he was already one of the greatest men of his time. Age wasrespected among his people, but achievement was revered. As the elders said, if a childwashed his hands he could eat with kings. Okonkwo had clearly washed his hands and sohe ate with kings and elders. And that was how he came to look after the doomed lad whowas sacrificed to the village of Umuofia by their neighbours to avoid war and bloodshed.The ill-fated lad was called Ikemefuna

"Look at that wall," he said, pointing at the far wall of his hut, which was rubbedwith red earth so that it shone. "Look at those lines of chalk," and Okoye saw groups ofshort perpendicular lines drawn in chalk. There were five groups, and the smallest grouphad ten lines. Unoka had a sense of the dramatic and so he allowed a pause, in which hetook a pinch of snuff and sneezed noisily, and then he continued: "Each group thererepresents a debt to someone, and each stroke is one hundred cowries. You see, I owethat man a thousand cowries. But he has not come to wake me up in the morning for it. Ishall pay you, but not today. Our elders say that the sun will shine on those who standbefore it shines on those who kneel under them. I shall pay my big debts first." And hetook another pinch of snuff, as if that was paying the big debts first. Okoye rolled hisgoatskin and departed

Unoka to return the two hundred cowries he had borrowed from him more than two yearsbefore. As soon as Unoka understood what his friend was driving at, he burst outlaughing.

Okoye was also a musician. He played on the ogene. But he was not a failure likeUnoka. He had a large barn full of yams and he had three wives. And now he was goingto take the Idemili title, the third highest in the land. It was a very expensive ceremonyand he was gathering all his resources together. That was in fact the reason why he hadcome to see Unoka

He was in fact a coward and could not bear the sight of blood. And so hechanged the subject and talked about music, and his face beamed

That was years ago, when he was young. Unoka, the grown-up, was a failure. Hewas poor and his wife and children had barely enough to eat. People laughed at himbecause he was a loafer, and they swore never to lend him any more money because henever paid back. But Unoka was such a man that he always succeeded in borrowingmore, and piling up his debts.

Unoka's band and their dancing egwugwu to come and stay with them andteach them their tunes. They would go to such hosts for as long as three or four markets,making music and feasting. Unoka loved the good hire and the good fellowship, and heloved this season of the year, when the rains had stopped and the sun rose every morningwith dazzling beauty

He was very good on his flute,and his happiest moments were the two or three moons after the harvest when the villagemusicians brought down their instruments, hung above the fireplace. Unoka would playwith them, his face beaming with blessedness and peace.

He was tall but very thin and had a slight stoop. He wore a haggard and mournfullook

lazy and improvident and was quite incapable of thinking about tomorrow. If any moneycame his way, and it seldom did, he immediately bought gourds of palm-wine, calledround his neighbours and made merry. He always said that whenever he saw a deadman's mouth he saw the folly of not eating what one had in one's lifetime. Unoka was, ofcourse, a debtor, and he owed every neighbour some money, from a few cowries to quitesubstantial amounts.

When he walked, his heels hardly touched the ground and he seemed to walk on springs,as if he was going to pounce on somebody. And he did pounce on people quite often. Hehad a slight stammer and whenever he was angry and could not get his words out quicklyenough, he would use his fists. He had no patience with unsuccessful men. He had had nopatience

Every nerve andevery muscle stood out on their arms, on their backs and their thighs, and one almostheard them stretching to breaking point. In the end Okonkwo threw the Cat

Amalinzewas a wily craftsman, but Okonkwo was as slippery as a fish in water

As a young man of eighteen he had brought honour tohis village by throwing Amalinze the Cat. Amalinze was the great wrestler who for sevenyears was unbeaten, from Umuofia to Mbaino. He was called the Cat because his backwould never touch the earth. It was this man that Okonkwo threw in a fight which the oldmen agreed was one of the fiercest since the founder of their town engaged a spirit of thewild for seven days and seven nights.

In response to this problem, we might want to develop something like a reading ethics that is notthe moralized imperative about reading all the things but a productive practice for how we read,especially texts that are academic or philosophic in nature.

. I compare reading theory to riding a bike...ifyou do it too slow, you lose your balance and fall off (reading/riding too fast causes badeffects too)

Compounding the problem, the sheer volume of our reading loads alwaysleaves us feeling bad for not reading more and never being able to read enough.

These ethics are far less concernedwith what one ought to do and much more concerned with the practical and pragmatictechniques one might use for reading and/as responding.

It’s notabout coming to an exhaustive knowledge of what one has read but being able to choose areading within a text one encounters.

I then mention that the Lat

Something that our ADHD-pronekids should be doing more.

This struck me as closer to a real answer.

Handles A handle (also known as a “port” in other libraries) is the attachment point where an edge connects to a node. By default, they appear as grey circles on the top, bottom, left, or right sides of a node. But they are just div elements, and can be positioned and styled any way you’d like. When creating a custom node, you can include as many handles as needed. For more information, refer to the Handle page.

If running the model in large strain, it is also necessary to define the properties for any new contacts that may form when blocks are sliding. This is done with the following command:

The num keyword defines the number of joints in the set.

The indigenous in central Mexico developed other plants to flavor their cuisine: the various types of hot peppers, beans, and tomatoes present in Mexican food today were enjoyed by the Olmecs, Toltecs, and Mexica hundreds of years before their encounter with Europeans in the sixteenth century. The Meso-Americans also ground cocoa beans and added hot water, peppers, and honey to make hot chocolate–even today, millions of Latin Americans begin and end their day with a cup, prepared in a traditional olleta with a hand-held batidor, using chunks of chocolate. However, such a delicious drink was originally reserved for the nobility, and cocoa beans themselves were often used as a kind of currency.

Staple crops produce the foods that provide the greatest percentage of the calories people eat. It might surprise you that today only about fifteen staple crops account for 90% of the calories people eat every day.

Farming developed in a number of different parts of the ancient world, before the beginning of recorded history. That means it’s very difficult for historians to describe early agricultural societies in as much detail as we’d like.

To create an edge, we define an array of edge objects. Each edge object needs to have an id, a source (where the edge begins), and a target (where it ends).

at which the trade takes place

The predetermined price is the price at which the trade takes place when the contract is bought by one party and sold by the other and is called the futures price.

we already have cultural preconceptions as to the "sameness" of televisionprogramming-that is, "if you've seen one sitcom, you've seen them all;'The impression of continuity over difference intensifies when television isevaluated according to literary conceptions of genre, with their centuriesof evolution, or even according to the half-century span of such film genresas the Western

Thus all TV genres in some sense remainhistorical genres, those defined by a consensus between the industry, TVGuide, and the viewing audience.

It is due to their nature as artifacts of popular culture that films andtelevision programs have been treated in a specific way in genre studies.Genre study in film has had a historically and culturally specific meaning.

The audience-without consciousawareness-continually rehearses basic cultural contradictions that cannot be resolved within the existing socioeconomic system outside of thetext: law and order versus the idea of individual success (the gangstergenre); nature versus culture (the Western);

. Instead of employing a broad category such as "comedy," we need to activatespecific genres such as the "screwball comedy" (film) or the "situation

Drawing on Aristotle, the literary critic Northrop Frye attempted inthe 1950s to further develop the idea of classifying literature into typesand categories that he called genres and modes.

It is due to their nature as artifacts of popular culture that films andtelevision programs have been treated in a specific way in genre studies.Genre study in film has had a historically and culturally specific meaning.

iterary criticism, which has been around much longer than either filmor television criticism

Aristotle implied, tragedy could then haveits ideal impact on an audience. (In a similar way, although Hollywood filmgenres are constructed from actual films, the genre itself is frequentlyspoken of as an ideal set of traits that inform individual films. Thus, although many individual Westerns do not feature Indians, Indians remaina crucial generic element.)

As one literary critic hasremarked, "biological classification is itself an explanatory system, whichhas been devised primarily to make sense of an otherwise disparate groupof individuals and which is changed primarily in order to improve thatsense

However,unlike language, individual utterances do have the capacity to change therules.

. Although it ispossible to construct the TV sitcom according to this evolutionary model,one could equally argue that the sitcom has gone through repeated cyclesof regression to earlier incarnations, as exemplified by the cycle of mindless teen comedies of the 1970s and by the return to the traditional domestic comedy in the mid-1980s. Another theory of film genre developmentargues that after a period of experimentation, a film genre settles on aclassical "syntax" that later dissolves back into a random collection oftraits, now used to deconstruct the genre.

Marc says that we are invited to test our own cultural assumptions because "the antagonists are cultures" and the characters "chargedcultural entities:' He concludes that Paul Henning's The Beverly Hillbillies, although it is not satire per se, is nonetheless a "nihilistic caricatureof modern life:'

Within the institution of film criticism, however, the concept of genrewas initially employed to condemn mass-produced narratives such as Hollywood studio films for their lack of originality.

the classicalHollywood narrative style and genres help to regulate the production ofdifference by producing their own differences within very circumscribedstructures of similarity. I

Drawing on Aristotle, the literary critic Northrop Frye attempted inthe 1950s to further develop the idea of classifying literature into typesand categories that he called genres and modes

In many respects theclosest analogy to this process would be taxonomy in the biological sciences. Taxonomy dissects the general category of "animal" into a systembased on perceived similarity and difference according to certain distinctive features of the various phyla and species

this is a lot easier when the genre is already complete and not, aswith television, in a constant state of flux and redefinition.

they possess none of the exaggerationand heightened emotion and elaborate gestures of their American cousins.

Thus genre theory deals with the ways in which a work maybe considered to belong to a class of related works.

Among the toprated sitcoms for 1990-91 were three that dealt regularly and explicitlywith social issues: Roseanne, The Simpsons, and A Different World.

Many believe that the renewed emphasis on the stability of the family-especially the return to the nuclear family in The Cosby Show and Family Ties-reflected the conservative ideology of the Reagan era

It is, in a sense, formula for formula's sake; the veryritualistic simplicity of the problem/solution format gives us a comfortingfeeling of security as to the cultural status quo.

"The only movement is toward the alleviation of the complication and the reduction of confusion"

he claims that the TV sitcom completely rejects boththe form and the meaning of this traditional comic plot, thus symbolizingthe "end of comedy" as a progressive social force

As an example of the generic approach to television analysis, I havechosen to discuss the most basic program format known to the medium-the situation comedy. I

For example, Soap Opera Digest has always covered primetime soap operas, even when that means placing The Young and the Restlessand Twin Peaks in the same category. It is useful for the fan magazine toattract both audiences to its pages.

the genre itself is frequentlyspoken of as an ideal set of traits that inform individual films. Thus, although many individual Westerns do not feature Indians, Indians remaina crucial generic element.)

The term genre is simply the French word for type orkind

In this emerging political context, propaganda became the basis for a new way of conceiving civil society, with the widespread circulation of ideas embracing universal liberty and equality at its center

Great gaps in wealth between the owners of major businesses, industries, and financial institutions and those who work for others in exchange for wages exist in many capitalist nations. In turn, great wealth may give a very small minority great influence over the government—a

Instead, the theory-data cycle is like a gamble: Researchers place a public bet in advance that the study will come out in favor of the theory. They are willing to risk being wrong every time they collect data.

The headlines in the papers were less subtle than her findings: “Mozart makes you smart” was the general idea. . . . But worse, says Rauscher, was that her very modest finding started to be wildly distorted. “Generalizing these results to children is one of the first things that went wrong. Somehow or another the myth started exploding that children that listen to classical music from a young age will do better on the SAT, they’ll score better on intelligence tests in general, and so forth.”

The well-intentioned program that seems to make sense might actually be doing harm. This example illustrates why you should always seek empirical evidence to test the efficacy of proposed interventions. In fact, if you investigate further, you’ll find that the U.S. Department of Justice officially warns that such programs are ineffective and can harm youth, and the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 was amended to prohibit youth in the criminal justice system from interactions with adult inmates in jails and prisons.

Very sharp connection, Dat 👍 — you’re right: open-ended research tasks suffer from the same two problems as reinforcement learning (RL):

Research on public speaking anxiety has focused on three key ways to address this common issue: systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, and skills training (Bodie, 2010). Communication departments are typically the only departments that address communication apprehension explicitly, which is important as CA is “related to negative academic consequences such as negative attitudes toward school, lower over-all classroom achievement, lower final course grades, and higher college attrition rates” (Allen, Hunter, & Donohue, 2009)

At the same time students assume that I have a high level of communication competence, they are hard on themselves for being at the stage of conscious incompetence, where they catch themselves communicating poorly in regards to a concept we recently studied. In response to both of these comments, I say, “Just because I know the concepts and definitions doesn’t mean I always put them to good use. We’re all imperfect and fallible, and if we expect to be perfect communicators after studying this, then we’re setting ourselves up for failure. However, when I do mess up, I try to make a mental note and reflect on it. And now you’re starting to do the same thing, which is to notice and reflect on your communication more. And that already puts you ahead of most people!”

. When you reach the stage of unconscious competence, you communicate successfully without straining to be competen

At the individual level, a person’s physiological and psychological characteristics affect competence. In terms of physiology, age, maturity, and ability to communicate affect competence. In terms of psychology, a person’s mood, stress level, personality, and level of communication apprehension (level of anxiety regarding communication) affect competence (Cooley & Roach, 1984).

The third part of the definition is ability to adapt to various contexts. What is competent or not varies based on social and cultural context, which makes it impossible to have only one standard for what counts as communication competence (Cooley & Roach, 1

Ka is used before all other nouns.

text

stay

The idea is that while you learn the conventions that govern one genre, such as technical instructions, you will also practice skills such as the appropriate use of graphics and design to facilitate communication. It is important to build a strong foundation of skills and genre knowledge so that you can more efficiently complete writing tasks when they arise.

e ubiquitous TV antenna is a symbol of people seeking—and geing—the identicalmessage”

one respondent said, “It keeps us together more,” andanother commented, “It makes a closer family circle.”

According to the logic of this composition, the central fascination forthe reader is not the actual product, whi is pictured only in minusculeproportions on the lower margin of the page, but rather its ability to bringthe family together around it.

Photographs, particularly in advertisements,graphically depicted the idea of the family circle with television viewersgrouped around the television set in semicircle paerns.

o common had thissubstitution become that by 1954 House Beautiful was presenting its readerswith “another example of how the TV set is taking the place of the fireplaceas the focal point

McCall’s magazine coined the term “togetherness.” e appearanceof this term between the covers of a woman’s magazine is significant notonly because it shows the importance aaed to family unity during thepostwar years, but also because this phrase is symptomatic of discoursesaimed at the housewife. Home magazines primarily discussed family life inlanguage organized around spatial imagery of proximity, distance, isolation,and integration

With its“bad reception,” television serves as a rhetorical figure for the loss ofcommunication between family members

Thinking about the idea that education is a spiritual endeavor, produce a report where you design a classroom, school, or university that would be structured around this idea. What would be the design of your space, what would be the guidelines or values, what would be the type of educators or employees that would occupy the space? Be as detailed as possible in your design and imagining.

“There's nothing wrong with Blackness” as focal point for a visual essay. Your visual essay should not only problematize the idea that Blackness is a problem but more importantly present a world where there is nothing wrong with Blackness.

Discuss the three essential commitments in the mission of Black Studies. How do you interpret cultural grounding and its role in Black Studies? Why is stressed placed on going beyond what is established in the pursuit of academic excellence in Black Studies? How is Knowledge for the life of the mind and for thinking? Discuss the five overarching goals of Black Studies. How do they relate to and reinforce the triple mission of Black Studies? What do you think are the most important ways Black Studies contributes to redefining the intellectual and social goals of knowledge in a multicultural context? Discuss the three essential commitments in the mission of Black Studies. How do you interpret cultural grounding and its role in Black Studies? Why is stressed placed on going beyond what is established in the pursuit of academic excellence in Black Studies? How is Knowledge for the life of the mind and for thinking? Discuss the five overarching goals of Black Studies. How do they relate to and reinforce the triple mission of Black Studies? What do you think are the most important ways Black Studies contributes to redefining the intellectual and social goals of knowledge in a multicultural context? /*<![CDATA[*/ $(function() { if(!window['autoDefinitionList']){ window['autoDefinitionList'] = true; $('dl').find('dt').on('click', function() { $(this).next().toggle('350'); }); } });/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { $('iframe').on('load', function () { $(this).iFrameResize({ warningTimeout: 0, scrolling: 'omit' }); }) })/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/ var front = "auto"; if(front=="auto"){ front = "3.7.3: Discussion Questions"; if(front.includes(":")){ front = front.split(":")[0]; if(front.includes(".")){ front = front.split("."); front = front.map((int)=>int.includes("0")?parseInt(int,10):int).join("."); } front+="."; } else { front = ""; } } front = front.replace(/_/g," "); MathJaxConfig = { TeX: { equationNumbers: { autoNumber: "all", formatNumber: function (n) { if(false){ return front + (Number(n)+false); } else{return front + n; } } }, macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, Macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } } } }; MathJax.Hub.Config(MathJaxConfig); MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("End", ()=>{if(activateBeeLine)activateBeeLine()}); /*]]>*/

there is no de facto standard

The ZIP64EOCDR can be located based on the ZIP64 EOCDL, or bysearching for its signature

TheZIP64 EOCDL can be located by a fixed offset from the regu-lar EOCDR, or by searching for its signature

W.E.B

Africana Studies through attempts to ban literature, ban AP African American studies courses, and engage in the continual process of colonizing Afrikan epistemologies.

Another interesting things to note about molecular properties that result from IMFs is that they are not really properties of a single molecule, but the result of an ensemble or large system of many molecules, which must be viewed as a whole, and not as individual molecules. Simple speaking, an individual molecule can not have a boiling point, which is really a function of the interaction between a large number of molecules. So the boiling point of water is not a property of a water molecule, but a bunch of water molecules. So, if you have a liquid at a given temperature there is a distribution of velocities, some of the molecules have enough kinetic energy to escape the attractive cohesive forces on the surface and enter the vapor phase, while others do not. So the vapor pressure above a liquid is also influenced by intermolecular forces. The point is some properties of a substance, like it's atomic mass or its polarity, are the property of a single molecule, while others, like the melting point or vapor pressure, are the properties of a huge number (ensemble) of molecules

Hydrogen Bonding (special type of dipole-dipole)

Sublimation: The transition from the solid phase to the gas phase Deposition: The transition from the gas phase to the solid phase

strike the right equilibrium

web0

Goodness of a Fit

The most common secondary-storage devices are hard-disk drives (HDDs) and nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices, which provide storage for both programs and data. Most programs (system and application) are stored in secondary storage until they are loaded into memory. Many programs then use secondary storage as both the source and the destination of their processing. Secondary storage is also much slower than main memory. Hence, the proper management of secondary storage is of central importance to a computer system, as we discuss in Chapter 11.

The CPU can load instructions only from memory, so any programs must first be loaded into memory to run. General-purpose computers run most of their programs from rewritable memory, called main memory (also called random-access memory, or RAM). Main memory commonly is implemented in a semiconductor technology called dynamic random-access memory (DRAM).

Most CPUs have two interrupt request lines. One is the nonmaskable interrupt, which is reserved for events such as unrecoverable memory errors. The second interrupt line is maskable: it can be turned off by the CPU before the execution of critical instruction sequences that must not be interrupted. The maskable interrupt is used by device controllers to request service.

Hardware may trigger an interrupt at any time by sending a signal to the CPU, usually by way of the system bus. (There may be many buses within a computer system, but the system bus is the main communications path between the major components.) Interrupts are used for many other purposes as well and are a key part of how operating systems and hardware interact. When the CPU is interrupted, it stops what it is doing and immediately transfers execution to a fixed location. The fixed location usually contains the starting address where the service routine for the interrupt is located. The interrupt service routine executes; on completion, the CPU resumes the interrupted computation. A timeline of this operation is shown in Figure 1.3.

Defining Operating Systems

What Operating Systems Do We begin our discussion by looking at the operating system's role in the overall computer system. A computer system can be divided roughly into four components: the hardware, the operating system, the application programs, and a user (Figure 1.1). Figure 1.1 Abstract view of the components of a computer system. The hardware—the central processing unit (CPU), the memory, and the input/output (I/O) devices—provides the basic computing resources for the system. The application programs—such as word processors, spreadsheets, compilers, and web browsers—define the ways in which these resources are used to solve users' computing problems. The operating system controls the hardware and coordinates its use among the various application programs for the various users. We can also view a computer system as consisting of hardware, software, and data. The operating system provides the means for proper use of these resources in the operation of the computer system. An operating system is similar to a government. Like a government, it performs no useful function by itself. It simply provides an environment within which other programs can do useful work. To understand more fully the operating system's role, we next explore operating systems from two viewpoints: that of the user and that of the system.

The CPU hardware has a wire called the interrupt-request line that the CPU senses after executing every instruction. When the CPU detects that a controller has asserted a signal on the interrupt-request line, it reads the interrupt number and jumps to the interrupt-handler routine by using that interrupt number as an index into the interrupt vector. It then starts execution at the address associated with that index. The interrupt handler saves any state it will be changing during its operation, determines the cause of the interrupt, performs the necessary processing, performs a state restore, and executes a return_from_interrupt instruction to return the CPU to the execution state prior to the interrupt.

The interrupt must transfer control to the appropriate interrupt service routine. The straightforward method for managing this transfer would be to invoke a generic routine to examine the interrupt information. The routine, in turn, would call the interrupt-specific handler. However, interrupts must be handled quickly, as they occur very frequently.

Interrupts

A modern general-purpose computer system consists of one or more CPUs and a number of device controllers connected through a common bus that provides access between components and shared memory (Figure 1.2). Each device controller is in charge of a specific type of device (for example, a disk drive, audio device, or graphics display). Depending on the controller, more than one device may be attached. For instance, one system USB port can connect to a USB hub, to which several devices can connect. A device controller maintains some local buffer storage and a set of special-purpose registers. The device controller is responsible for moving the data between the peripheral devices that it controls and its local buffer storage.

An operating system is software that manages a computer's hardware. It also provides a basis for application programs and acts as an intermediary between the computer user and the computer hardware. An amazing aspect of operating systems is how they vary in accomplishing these tasks in a wide variety of computing environments. Operating systems are everywhere, from cars and home appliances that include “Internet of Things” devices, to smart phones, personal computers, enterprise computers, and cloud computing environments.

An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner.

When rights are consistently denied, acause should be pressed in the courts and in negotiations among local leaders, and not in the streets.

the law enforcement official to remain calm andcontinue to protect our city from violence.

such actions as incite to hatred and violence, however technicallypeaceful those actions may be, have not contributed to the resolution of our local problems.

called for honest and open negotiation ofracial issues in our area.

urged that decisions ofthose courts should in the meantime be peacefully obeyed.

This page is my first attempt to integrate exiting capabilities and do how to actually do all development bootstrapping seeding IndyTech

there are plenty of communities along the US-Mexican border where the arts, information, and money move freely among community members who cross the border regularly

In densely populated places such as Toronto, New York, or Los Angeles, many people cross paths as travelers and immigrants.

The music you hear may also tell you something about who you are as a person:

consider the music you have heard in the past week

That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal; That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal; That the commission for erecting the late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious; That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer time, or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal; That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal; That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law; That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law; That election of members of Parliament ought to be free; That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament; That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted; That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders; That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void; And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending, strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently.

/Memoirs of a Man’s Maiden YearsJ

This paper describes the principles behind the method of ComparativeJudgement, and in particular Adaptive Comparative Judgement, a technique borrowed frompsychophysics which is able to generate extremely reliable results for educationalassessment, and which is based on the kind of holistic evaluation that we assume was thebasis for judgement in pre-marking days, and that the users of assessment results expectour assessment schemes to capture

a site of praxis, a place where theories about learning, teaching, technology, and social justice enter into a conversation with each other

This may take many forms: blog posts, annotations, introductory chapters, podcasts, websites–the type of work that can live another life on the internet, the type of work that can be built upon, expanded, and fashioned into new meaning by successive waves of future students. I

ZIP is just not a very well defined format

12 x = 73 x + 12 x += 52 #using += is the same as writing out x = x + 52

the book’s arguments?

This problem, which we will discuss in more detail in Chapter 6, refers to the third-variable problem. Namely, a third variable can cause both situations; however, people erroneously believe that there is a causal relationship between the two primary variables rather than recognize that a third variable can cause both.

In Against the Grain (2017), the anthropologist James C Scott makes the case that we should consider ‘praising collapse’, given the improvements in human welfare it can lead to.

Which is why we see both heights and wages rise after the Black Death in the 14th century. Women’s heights appear to have decreased, but this is likely due to an earlier onset of menarche (the first menstrual cycle, which slows growth). Earlier menarche often occurs when girls experience better living conditions with more resources, counterintuitively resulting in lower long-term height. Hence the decreasing height of women is likely an indicator that they too were benefitting after the Black Death.

It’s a surprising trend found even in perhaps the most famous imperial golden age of all: the Roman Empire, which arose after the Late Bronze Age collapse. When Rome was sacked by the Visigoths in 410 CE, St Jerome mourned that ‘when the bright light of all the world was put out … the whole world perished in one city …’ Jerome gave voice to a view that has lasted for millennia: Rome’s fall as an epic catastrophe and setback for human progress. Yet the skeletons of its subjects paint a different picture. Before Rome’s rise, people across the Italian peninsula were growing taller, but this slowed dramatically under the empire: citizens were 8 cm shorter than they might have been if this prior growth had continued. Even during Rome’s golden age, those who lived beyond the empire were taller. There is a truth to the trope of the hulking, muscle-bound barbarian. After the fall, skeletons grow taller across continental Europe, and dental caries and bone lesions decrease.

For example, the principle of minimum energy supports Occam’s razor. This facet of the second law of thermodynamics states that wherever possible, the use of energy is minimized. Physicists use Occam’s razor in the knowledge that they can rely on everything to use the minimum energy necessary to function. A ball at the top of a hill will roll down in order to be at the point of minimum potential energy.

There is nothing inherently better or worse in either pronunciation; it depends entirely on the social norms of the community.

He found 1) that the responders in the two stores differed overall in their pronunciation of this sound, and 2) that the same person may differ between situations of less and more self-consciousness (first versus second answer). That is, people in the upscale store tended to pronounce the /r/, and responders in both stores tended to produce the standard pronunciation more in their second answers in an effort to sound “higher class.” These results showed that the pronunciation or deletion of /r/ in New York correlates with both social status and context.[4]

These design considerations meant that the ZIP standard is complicated to implement, and in many ways is ambiguous in what the "result" of extracting a valid ZIP file should be.

Aspasia and Pericles had a son, Pericles the Younger, born no later than 440/39 BC.[e][28] At the time of Pericles the Younger's birth, Pericles had two legitimate sons, Paralus and Xanthippus

She has continued to be a subject of both visual and literary artists until the present. From the twentieth century, she has been portrayed as both a sexualised and sexually liberated woman, and as a feminist role model fighting for women's rights in ancient Athens.

Though Aspasia is one of the best-attested women from the Greco-Roman world, and the most important woman in the history of fifth-century Athens, almost nothing is certain about her life.

If you know something to be true, but are incapable of persuading others, then it is hard for this knowledge to be put to use.

In Ancient Greece, the idea of rhetoric was always under suspicion. And a female rhetorician was perhaps doubly suspect

This is how she came into contact with the philosopher Socrates, who — according to the account left by Plato — regarded her as his teacher.

Today’s North American teenagers choose to spend much more of their time with friends online, according to Pew Research Center, while past generations socialized more in person. However, there are many factors responsible for this other than today’s ubiquity of digital technologies. One factor is that youth are not allowed to be out as much as they once were. Today’s youth deal with parents who hover more closely and give them less freedom in public spaces than their parents were given themselves, and curfews and other restrictions remind teens that they are unwelcome in public spaces. For her 2014 book It’s Complicated, danah boyd conducted qualitative research, including interviews with teens and observations of their homes and neighborhoods. In her research, she found that teens were using social media to cope with physical restrictions on their mobility, pursuing social relationships online from their homes. Yet despite the lack of evidence around addiction, social media is associated with health concerns for all users and especially youth, due to content that exists only and the dynamics of its circulation and our communications. As U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy advised in 2023, “We don’t have enough evidence to say it’s safe, and in fact, there is growing evidence that social media use is associated with harm to young people’s mental health.”

Conversely, it is also common to find social media use viewed as the downfall of society – a dystopia, or imagined society where everything is terrible. The increasing reliance of our society on social media for everyday communications looks nightmarish to some. Teens never look up from their phones. Computers make life-or-death decisions or at least remove humans from making them. Our brains are rewiring to cut out human emotions like compassion as we become robotically trained to pursue likes and connect with people we never see. Such dystopian thinking can make people jump to conclusions and even deploy data and scientific research as hasty “proof” of their extreme conclusions, leading to

How are we influenced by social media? How is social media influenced by us? And why have this book title represent humans as social media? The swirl of life immersed in social media begins and ends with ourselves as active human players in it. We produce social media content, we consume it, and we create and influence social media algorithms. Human practices and tendencies feed the systems that produce feeds for us in turn. In the end, our own careful human interpretation of these feeds will produce knowledge about the mutual influence humans and social media have on one another.

ocial media metrics and feeds today offer limitless data and indications of what society is expressing today, but the science on new media shows this data is systematically skewed. They may show us only what we want to see, over-represent the ideas of entities who pay more or game the system, under-represent social groundswells developing offline, and leave some people or ideas out altogether. While they may reflect some of what people are talking about, social media insights can be more like funhouse mirrors than clear reflections.

In life there are some characters who are clever  and very cunning – they will always outwit you. Be  careful not to fall prey to them; neither should you  try to copy their ways because you may not have  the same wittiness or advantages as they do.

Immediately, Hare produced the herb and Jackal had no choice but to share the meal with Hare.

Without Jackal noticing, Hare secretly dug up the roots of the shrub and hid them away

“Say friend Hare, there is one important favor I need to ask of you.”“Yes, friend Jackal, let me know what it is I can do.”“Do you see this herb?” said Jackal“Yes, friend. It is the herb used to cure a tummy  ache.”“Well done friend,” said Jackal. “When we get to my in-law’s place, they will give us food. When I eat the food, I may suffer from a tummy ache.Friend, you will quickly run back to this exact place, to this shrub. Dig up the roots and bring them back to cure me.”

Meanwhile, Jackal, a friend to Baboon, received word on how Hare had tricked his friend and led him to his death. Jackal decided to avenge Baboon’s death

Hare apologized for his friend’s behavior, thanked his hosts and left.

while Baboon slept, Hare stealthily smeared him with the blood of the goat they had just eaten, which he had secretly brought with him to the room.

Hmm, about that … ! As soon as you left my tummy suddenly felt better and I could eat. Now I feel quite strong!”

Baboon panicked and quickly sprinted off to get the herb for Hare’s tummy. Meanwhile, Hare settled comfortably and devoured the whole feast all alone. When he had his fill, he called for the dishes to be removed. Soon, Baboon, huffing and puffing, tumbled into the room with the herb.“Here you are friend, I ran as fast as I could. I found the tree. I dug the roots and I brought  them to cure your aching tummy!”

As they took the first bite of the meal, Hare interrupted Baboon.“Friend, I think that problem is already starting. My tummy is rumbling and is starting to ache.  Do you remember the herb? Rush and get me some of it! Otherwise, I may not survive the night!”

“Well done friend!” said Hare. “When we get to my in-law’s place, they will give us food. When I eat the food, I may suffer from a tummy ache. Friend, you will quickly run back to this exact place, to this shrub. Dig up the roots and bring them back to cure me.”

As was customary, he needed someone to accompany him on this important occasion.  So, he asked his long-time friend and happy-go-lucky fellow Baboon. He readily agreed.

Once upon a time, Hare, tired of living alone, decided it was time to find himself a  companion. He decided to make the journey to the neighboring village to meet his future in-laws.

The people to be afraid of were those who, when injured, kept silent: you could be certain they were plotting mischief and would do harm at night.

His friend said that, because the fowls had made much fuss, it was safe to kill and eat their chicks.

They all made a lot of noise and mother hen tried to chase me but, although there was a lot of disturbance amongst the fowls, nothing else happened

The king then told the hawk that in the future he could always feed on chicks.

When the hawk saw the chicks, he made up his mind that he would take one, so he swooped down and caught the s smallest with his strong claws . As soon as he seized the chick, the cocks began to make a lot of noise. The hen ran after him and tried to make him drop her child, calling loudly, with her feathers fluffed out and making dashes at him.

he saw a lot of fowls near a coop basking in the sun and scratching in the dust.

He then flew around, trying to find some other birds to prey upon but, because all the birds had heard that the hawk had seized the owlet, they hid themselves and would not come out when the hawk was near. He therefore could not catch any birds.

The hawk’s parents advised him to return the young owlet because one could not tell what was in the mind of a quiet or undemonstrative person: they could be plotting some acts of deep and cruel revenge in their minds

hawk that carried a young owlet away whilst the parents watched quietly

open-ended responses collected via an online survey.

It is not good to be a friend with a person that tells lies.

because Kings don't back down on their words, the dog has had to keep barking till today.

He ordered that the tortoise be punished while the dog should be released;

tortoise joked about his wisdom, and revealed what he did to gain the dog's farm.

Meanwhile the tortoise took over the dog's farm.

otherwise, he would be executed.

On the day of the trial, the dog was asked why he stole the yam that he and his family was caught eating. Instead of giving the answer, the dog kept barking.

the dog had to bark at every question; if he did so, he would be released. So the dog agreed.

and lied to him that he had pleaded with the King to release him.

The dog was immediately arrested and the day for hearing and judgment fixed.