This is not true, because there are universities in America that will take points off if a student is caught using Wikipedia.

LiDA101

No one, including me, should have to prove himself or herself to anyone else. Talking about the "reliability of Wikipedia" and allowing people to freely come on the website and enter any information that they wish to enter is very dishonest to readers because there is no truth, for example, about the real past, for example, why people from one country look different from people from another country, instead of something made up.

LiDA101

I don't think that Wikipedia is a reliable source because anyone can go on Wikipedia and change information that is already entered, which is why it shouldn't be used. If it was used by scientists, then information on it should only be allowed to be changed by certain people, like book publishers, who always publish 2nd and 3rd editions and other editions of the books they already published. 

LiDA101

This is very true. No one should be allowed to gain money in any way without telling the pure and objective truth, just the same way that no instructor should give D or F grades to any student, including me, in any way for him or her to repeat courses that will put them on the borderline of being kicked out of school for financial gain for the instructor and the school only. This is why racial classes of individuals should not exist because it gives one set of people permission to look good and even join with another group, but they take advantage and scam another group, and because the other group is smaller, the majority wins because people are depending on votes, which should not have taken place at first. Everyone, including me, should believe in the book of life for everything and should have their names, including mine, in the book of life. 

LiDA101

                      **References**

You are being redirected. . . (n.d.). https://gracevalley.org/sermon/is-your-name-written-in-the-lambs-book-of-life/#:~:text=We%20read%20in%20Revelation%2020,fire%20and%20remain%20there%20forever.

It is very true that good looks are not evidence of credibility, and no one, including me, should be deceived and naive to believe a website, anything, or anyone has high credibility based on their looks. Scammers can create websites for people to believe that they will get hired, and then when he or she signs up, he or she gets a message saying that they will be paid first with sums of money equal to and/or above $500, and then a fake check is sent to them. When deposited, it looks like money is being added to their account, and then in a few hours or the next day, the same amount of money is withdrawn from their account. And banks like Bank of America put up signs in their advertisements about how they will protect you from fraud, but in the case of fraud, they won't actually protect you; they will want you to pay the money back to them that is withdrawn from your account, especially if it is below $0, and tell you lessons learned. To be true, in America, no one is walking up to you to be your friend and protect you all along. The reality is that you are all alone. No one, including me, should learn lessons after losing something valuable. 

LiDA101

Hi Everyone,

So digital skills, which everyone, including me, should have, are learning how to get images from the internet, and moreover, the capacity to utilize digital devices, such as computers and smartphones, to search, assess, use, share, and create material, is known as digital skills. When it comes to digital literacies, everyone, including me, should be literate and digitally literate. Digital literacy is using what is appropriate and correct to convey information, especially from one person to another. 

LiDA101

                         **Reference**

What are digital skills & why are they important? (2024, May 2). UNLV. https://digitalskills.unlv.edu/digital-marketing/what-are-digital-skills/

Not sure if Maha intended to associate real-photo vs abstract-avatar with high-risk situations, but this is one position I found a bit exposing as part of being a digital scholar in the OERu journey. I think it is the inevitable other side of the coin; is to put yourself out there.

Great question to ask.

Digital skills = what, how Digital literacy = when, where, for whom, why

LIDA101

It is very important that Institutions at all levels, primary, secondary and higher levels should be trained/up-skilled to implement OERs, however, champions need to be identified to drive an action plan. There are so many opportunities created by the use of OERs that can only benefit us all.

Students and educators need to actively become co-creators of knowledge. It stems from the educators to encourage this mindset.

University life is about developing self and time management skills. Students are expected to be adults, therefore, balacning all aspects of life is an important skills that students will realise and develop in order to servive, progresss and complete their studies.

It is only through understanding the needs and experiences of all students that we can use socially inclusive approach.

The higher education curricula should cater for the needs and experiences of all students no matter their perspective regarding student different backgrounds, academic levels, performance and social standing. As teachers and educators, social inclusivity must take precedence over anything.

This has not taken place in my country Namibia yet. Higher education instituions who fall under the umbrella of NOLNeT are all obliged to develop OER policies and to ensure that OERimplementation takes place,however, there is no collaboration regarding OER implementation or usage as yet.

In these compettitive world, we all need some kind of advantage, therefore supplementing your skills and knowledge with MOOCs and OERs will let the employers sit back and otice you.

The relevancy and currency of degrees become extinct quickly as due to information technology, skills and required knowledge become obsolete fast. Alternative credentials can add value to your degree, therefore since online learning is free, you only pay for assessment whenever you are ready....this is the future for us all.

10 free online courses availble on time management

Im interested in this course, I have signed up for more information, however, I first need to complete Lida2-4. Perhaps I will do this course in 2023.

It is also important to look at the number of citations if your search is for academic writing, the more people cite the source, the more likely the source is credible and reliable.

Lida101 I believe the purpose why we look for information on internet is also vital. For training and teaching purposes, I guess, we have to look for open access resources such as OERs, meaning we actively need to use OER search engines and be on the lookout for the type of licences used, while if its for research aim, we need to look for the journal, the timeframe(last 5 yrs) for published article etc.

However, no matter the aim for searching information, it must be quality assured and reliable.

LIDA101 I have not used a checklist like this before to assess my material but this is a great resource for others. With the wilful spread of disinformation occurring at the moment knowing how to assess information is more critical than ever before. If we can teach people this then we wont have so many problems with people believing news like this https://www.theonion.com/

Self reflection Both the teachers and students can use reflection as a learning tool by keeping a journal. It can be used in two ways: Self reflection after the weeks learning and make create a mindmap about key concepts OR students can be divided into groups to share their reflections in a team and provide feedback to each other.

Through the use of Learning Management systems, various innovative strategies can be employed to assess learning, this include self directed learning assessment activites identified by the tutors, peer assessment and the provision of feedback.

Getting tertiary students ready for world of work should be part of the visible curriculum, it needs to be scheduled just like any other module to prepare students for the workplace expectations, together with the industry involvement.

Digital skills need to start with teachers, hence my research topic on digital skills for teachers. Students are co-creatrors of knowledge therefore teachers need to be one step ahead of students. During school holidays scuh as this, teacher workshops should be organised to upskill and capacitate teachers.

The library is a great channel for spreading the word. Through the library we can engage with both teachers and learners and can help get them excited over the idea. There are great potential benefits to both sides, as teachers can actually tailor the material to their own contexts and learning goals. And the benefits for students of course is the affordability and access to the resources meaning there is no discrepancy between students who are financially comfortable from those who struggle to afford the basic resource requirement of courses they are enrolled in. it should be a requirement, of public institutions in particular, to make at least the core course work available to the students enrolled.

Academia needs to accept Wikipedia for the tool it is, and the nature of wiki writing needs to be taught to university students.

Encyclopaedias regular require updates where as Wikipedia is regularly updated. Crowdsourcing knowledge is beneficial when it is received and utilised with a careful critical perspective.

This points to an interesting benefit of wiki's which is that an article is alive and can update its 'facts' as aspects may change. This is a leg up on traditional academic publishing which is only discounted by newer publications, and even if newer info is released the old information is still accorded academic reliability due to the reputation of the publication or journal it was published. Outdated, incorrect information cited from respected sources may do more damage than a wikipedia article which should always be viewed with acritical eye.

This resource is no longer available, or it requires authorisation or link is broken.

This is not so much a comment on Wikipedia but rather any information resource found online, if one is equipped with the skills to evaluate the quality and reliability of a resource then the spaces where one can search for and find useable resources is broadened considerably.

according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_of_Wikipedia 77% of articles are written by 1% of writers, this would suggest that content is not created by those most qualified to do so but rather those most inclined to do so. It feels like an article goes up as a work in progress and then it relies on public engagement to correct and update.

This points to the problem of a large amount of work being attributed to a small amount of anonymous people. This would suggest that even if the facts are straight there is bound to be an amount of subjectivity meaning that the majority of articles are written with a similar worldview in mind. It may not effect the accuracy of work but it may affect was is and is not included in what is considered a comprehensive account on any given subject

LiDA101 This page provides a great explanation of how the semantic differences of skills, and literacy and proficiency are experience in real life and why it is important to acknowledge the difference when it comes to teaching and learning goals and outcomes.

Competency based assessment may be the main assessment system in the context of ODL in future.

ODL is critical component of LT strategy of academic leaders and in 2014, 28% of the learners took this mode.

Without this the students will not be able to make proper and full use of this mode of education.

The grants disbursed in such a focused manner will help in implementing ORE solutions and benefiting large number of school and students. It will go a long way in promoting equity in educaiton.

The individuals make up the group and once the take advantage of OER improve and whole group will be benefitted. I am certain that the teachers and trainers of the conventional system will also take advantage and enrich their teaching strategies, methods and and their own basket of tools and techniques and in turn facilitate learning of their students.

Passing Certificate for the Course.

Any threat to self is minimised, any handy reward is tempting. This alone accounts for a great deal of our procrastination as we avoid tasks that threaten the self, and we discount future rewards in favour of immediate gratification. A little more focus on emotional intelligence can help here. Too often, feelings trump reasons, and we give into feeling good.

Good introductory course on Education Psychology.

Good and useful course to understand what predictive analysis entail. Will pursue it.

Important resources I am listing to keep a track and to visit.

Very good Talk

This is a powerful statement. My son was diagnosed with Dysgraphia, he has always struggled with writing sentences and no matter how hard he tried, it looked like a scramble of letters on a page. Now he has been diagnosed, He can move on and focus his attention to learning, he now has the ability to use tools to help his dysgraphia (speech to text, laptops in exams) in exams and class project work. He is a smart kid and now on a path for success.

This is exactly what my son shows in his written work. He is great at spelling and has no problems typing his thoughts down on a keyboard/ laptop. He has since been diagnosed with dysgraphia which now allows him to use a computer for his NCEA exams and tests. With out being tested, he would have struggled, I wonder how may other students might have been missed and as a result of it, have been disadvantage in learning?

This is a good point to make. Sometimes it is difficult to get your hands on written encyclopaedias, this maybe due to cost or the current Covid lock-down situation. If the cost of having wrong information out ways the cost of traditionally published reliable information, should we not try to spread reliable information?

Teaching how to evaluate online content for reliability is a much more valuable research tool in the long run and what sustainable learning is all about - teaching skills which can be used in the future to generate more learning.

Like anything, if you use the tool for what it should be, it can be effective.

This is a great starting point for learners as it keeps it simple to read and follow. Building on this would be to incorporate digital fluences so the student is able to create new digital content. #LiDA101

On this point, skills can learn by day-to-day experience of the social workers, somehow they have to learn their job theoretically and fundamentally. Degree is the validity of your knowledge and experience.

I believe in this statement. Hoping that the OER degree would allow by the government to be adopted. It will give a great opportunity to the less fortunate people for them to have an education.

Digital literacy focuses on the reasons for using digital technologies and how to use the digital technologies is more of a digital skill

Knowing that a source is not infallible is one one thing, but it it is useful to be reminded of the deliberate (for what ever reason) skewing of information. A healthy dose of cynicism is required!

Great, succinct definitions of digital skills and digital literacies. Good way to introduce the ideas as well, as this is easy to remember and can be built on.

Highlights the need for a holistic approach - the ecosystem idea. Efficacy relates to the perceived goal, and if a common goal is to increase inclusion and diversity in higher education then Colleges need to determine the criteria they will use to evaluate a range of badges.

Joined-up thinking, and the importance of digital literacy to active citizenship. The need for active citizenship (requiring equity of access to learning) to be a goal, to create a "more effective and equitable lifelong learning ecosystem."

Importance of inclusion and equity for the future of micro credentials, beyond the traditional job-market and tertiary education environment

Discussions are very important for keeping students engaged. Very often I find the students bringing in different perspective if they are given the opportunity to feel free to speak their minds. However, using technology alone cannot foster discussions. It is important to identify few students who are willing to share ideas, then others can join in to discuss.

This is important point. Literacy is not linear but situated and authentic. This is why digital literacy needs to be embedded across the curriculum. #LiDA101

Very often the case is that children are encourage to build their technical proficiency in the digital world. One thing that is missing from this approach is the emphasis on building Digital Intelligence (DQ) which is a set of competencies based on moral values. more details and a comprehensive framework for developing, assessing and integrating DQ into digital literacy curriculam can be found at https://www.dqinstitute.org/dq-framework/#digital_intelligence.

This is a very insightful article that contains valuable tips for making an online class interactive. The participants of the class were quite diverse ranging from school students, parents, teachers and graduate students. The takeaways from their more than 50 sessions having 60 to 80 students are as follows: 1. sessions can fail if proper control on participants microphone, screen name edit capability and WiFi access devices, 2. Once the participants are muted encouraging them to through ideas on the chat room and later reading aloud some of the chat comments to all the participants helps, 3. If the teaching and online class management tasks are shared with participants as co-hosts, the class can collaborate more, 4. if the detail lesson plan is shared in advance, the students have a better idea when certain teaching items will be delivered and can prepare better, 5. encouraging the participants to write and share blogs through sending invitations can help, 6. creating an engaging community among the participants can boast the over all class engagement significantly.

This comparison takes a narrow view of digital literacy. Often the term includes the ability to critically evaluate digital content and to create digital media (see e.g. Perspectives of digital literacies. However, the concept of digital fluency is also useful and this definition includes useful elements.

This metaphor doesn't really make sense to me.

The Cornell University definition of digital literacy is useful, but this article focuses on digital skills, which miss out the higher order skills like evaluating and creating. Digital literacy, not just a collection of digital skills, is necessary to succeed in many workplaces.

Positioning digital literacy as an entitlement is useful language to persuade individual educators and institutions that digital literacy is core to 21st century education, not just an optional add-on.

This is especially the case for contract academic staff or those in precariously positions.

I think this is where the real power of open education can be felt. Sure free textbooks are great, but how can we leverage them to inform our teaching.

Hi Everyone.....I guess we are all enjoying our courses. It has been a thrilling experience for me so far.

For a class called "Women, Art, and Society" students were assigned artists to research and either add to Wikipedia or edit and expand their current pages. It was surprising to see the number of women, and other marginalized artists that were rejected because they were not "established" enough.

Yes, these are accurate but I think this example does point to the extent to which Wikipedia marginalizes the contributions of women, and people of colour.

LiDA101

There should be gradual introduction of digital literacy in the learning process as students have different levels and means of understanding and translating and relating meaning. As living in the real world is not a linear process, living in the digital world and embracing its different literacy needs needs rather a continuous process of varying depth of understanding.

This is an example of how to teach digital literacies and critical thinking

It is a good description of digital literacy,in my opinion.

At OERu, we encourage public annotations tagged with the specific course code which enables these interactions to be harvested for a syndicated course feed for the benefit of the open learning cohorts.

This is a confirmation of the creditability for sources extracted from Wikipedia

It's true. It is safe to use Wikipedia as a reliable sourch especially for academics since information put on Wikipedia is verified before published.

Much as information is commonly based on facts, opinions, stories and interpretations. Verification of reliability and accuracy is very important in learning and conducting researches, and for what they are intended for.

1. Our learners needs to be taught how to become Digital literate with the emphasis of educational resources (purposed), that is how to discover information, control, manage, store and reflect on it to accomplish learning desires. It is true Digital Literacy is not about the skill of using technology, we see many youth in the world using technology for other features like setting up a Personal Computer to fixing them. Judgement to this conclusion is an attributable factor into digital literacy, questions like "How do we use social media platforms for and what we intend to achieve" should be addressed in the concept of Digital Literacy, that is, to find, evaluate and compose clear information through writing, pruducing images, audios and designs using technologies using both cognitive and technical skills.

Knowing how to carry out the digital tasks would be the skills that the individual has. However, when he can explain the rationale behind choices made and knows the proper etiquette that guides his actions when performing the skill, then he can be said to be digitally literate

This is a point really relevant to our world now. Digital use of technology has drastically increased, and is relied upon in classroom teaching environments. What we are seeing in our younger communities is research about overuse of digital technology having a potentially negative effect on learning, ability to communicate and empathise, and mental health. Things, such as bullying, can be carried out in private rather than in the school playground, which can make it a more dangerous behaviour. We've got to acknowledge that while digital technology is fantastic, overuse of digital platforms such as social networking can be detrimental. Digital technology has ballooned faster than we can understand its effects on us. I propose that part of digital literacy is also learning appropriateness of its use, and how to balance the use of technology in our lives so that it does not become all consuming.

This is an interesting view of the differences in digital literacy according to who the user is, particularly from an education perspective. We have the educator using technology as a resource to share information, and the learner using technology as a resource to learn while also learning how to be critically reflective of how they are using it. Without saying so, this is a fair example of the difference between digital skills, and digital literacy.

This statement acknowledges the flexibility of the definition of digital literacy. This edutech wiki article has introductions to a collection of different models with links to the sources and a reference list. A great overview and launchpad for understanding digital literacy.

This resonates with teaching and learning philosophies. Learning through reading, hearing, seeing are passive activities and utlise less brain activity. Active participation increases activation of neuro pathways which increases the ability to make connections and cognitively develop knowledge. This research reflects that appropriately managed use of digital technology can be beneficial in education and as this demonstrates, can promote education. It would be helpful if this article had a reference list.

The use of social media during the Arab Spring. People used social media in a way that went far beyond knowing how to click and deep into civic uses and navigating ways to communicate with others under the radar of a communication-hindering government. It was a way of both encouraging one another to remain critical and supporting one another through adversity in creative ways.

This is such an important point. Critical judgement about any topic takes time to learn - probably more time than a handful of workshops, a single subject or even a semester. And it will be an ongoing process as the cultural context and technologies change. Teaching these skills/literacies is not a one-and-done

This excerpt brings to mind a video-editing course I taught at a local art college. The students came from various backgrounds and skill levels, so I had to access their individual approaches to storytelling before we could even attempt an assembly of clips. We watched a lot of films from different genres and countries. Our discussions about how frames are stitched together to form "visual grammar" revealed that no two editors assemble a film the exact same way. Mastering the skills of visual communication allowed the students to than work toward mastering the software; but had I concentrated on just teaching them the mechanics of editing (which my faculty head insisted on) there would've been less compelling edits and more of the same cookie-cutter results. We also kept a careful eye on our student "audience" responses to help analyze what worked and what didn't. The culmination of all this was a focused deconstruction of how movies are spliced together to form the experiences that we enjoy.

The irony of an entry on the "Reliability of Wikipedia" posted on Wikipedia notwithstanding, the author(s) do make the point that I have heard directly from my professors and instructors; that Wikipedia is a good starting point and the footnotes and bibliographies can often lead to more accurate resources.

Good advice, since it's not designed to dismiss Wikipedia out of hand, but acknowledges the fact that it is the de facto source for online information second (probably) to Google.

"Fairness" has weighted connotations and can be easily confused with unbiased opinion. The FCC once had a policy that allowed for diverse views to be broadcast thus facilitating open discourse while allowing divergent views a quorum for public evaluation. In this context, one must consider the facts as they're presented and look for signs of deceptive argumentation: straw man, ad hominem, or fallacies of false equivalencies all of which can sound analytical, but are antithetical to fairness.

"The sum of all human knowledge" should have editors of diverse cultural backgrounds from all parts of the world.

Triangulation seems to be a good way of weeding out doubtful sources.

We obviously have to carefully evaluate the information using CARS or any other recommended checklist.

Not sure I agree with this statement.

Zero-textbook cost degrees is still a long way off as far as India goes. Our students are now extremely proficient in the use of the internet and open sources. However, compared to open access resources use of standardised textbooks in traditionnal classrooms is definitely better as teachers has a personal connect with the student. This is particularly necessary as students are becoming victims of PUBG and other such addctive games leading to either suicide or other behavioural problems. We do not need a plethora of zombie students in our schools and colleges!

Replacing text books with open resources does push teachers out of their comfort zones!

Digital literacy is very much different from digital skills. Actually Librarian nowaday is training students with these DL skills: copyright, academic integrity, permissions,...

Great article, thank you. Digital Literacy is not about the skill, it is about how we use our judgement.

Wow i guess even some schools have there secrets.

I found this information very interesting.

Extremely true and relatable concluding statements that sum up the purpose behind this article and transcends awareness over the issue.

I never knew about this! It is quite interesting as it shifts our thoughts to the possibility of having different digital power dynamics at play and who decides about what ends up appearing on the site.

I think these are very insightful questions that rarely come to mind when I personally use social media. However these questions should be taken into account to know the audience you are addressing, and what kind of message do you want to put out there, and which social media platform to use.

A very helpful and simple example that clearly distinguishes between digital skills and digital literacies.

Social media had a huge role in the activating the initial sparks of the Arab spring through political posts and various media sharing

Examples always makes it easier to grasp and understand the differences between such information. This example really helps a lot explaining the difference between digital literacy and digital skills..

University professors always discourage us "students" from using Wikipedia or even taking a look at it as it's not credible, yet i agree it's useful for some background information

Lack of confidence is a significant barrier to digital engagement, especially among people who have not grown up with digital technology from childhood. This has several aspects, including: (a) feeling unsure of their own technical skills, (b) anticipating stressful technical problems with software and/or hardware, (c) lacking the tools to assess the trustworthiness of software/media providers and (d) having a heightened sense of 'stranger danger' because of the absence of familiar social cues and safeguards.

Digital fluency definition.

This is a introduction to the OERu, with a special focus on the open source tools that make it all work for both learners and educators around the globe!

this is very true. At first, I did not understand the difference very well, but i believe that this sentence perfectly describes how literacy is about The What and the Why while the sskills are about the How.

Although they may seem different, but these terms are highly interrelated, and they are highly complementary, but one must understand the distinction between each term.

I believe that this is highly important when technology is used in classrooms. These facts about privacy and taking security measures must be greatly stressed on and taught in classes as it expands the students' digital literacy and minimizes the risks that might happen.

This paragraph clearly distinct and explains the difference between digital skills and digital literacy using a great example that is easily understood.

Key component for understanding the difference but also the interconnectedness between Digital Skills and Digital Literacy.

This is not only what I experiences through all levels of college. It is also what I see as a growing reality and the colleges have not adequately adapted to understanding and supporting this reality.

Younger people have many of these skills to a degree that people of my generation are deeply lacking while often not being deliberately taught them, but because of the lack of explicit teaching there can be glaring gaps in these skills, especially norms around respect.

Context is a critical element for developing digital literacy. Learning by doing is an age old adage and learning in meaningful contexts ensures that the doing part is something that the learner would be doing anyway. Using online referencing tools like Zotero allows a learner to read, make a record of that reading and refer to that in an essay. At the same time they can learn about online and offline tools and synchronisation, sharing, commenting, co-operation, cultural norms of accrediting ideas, licensing, browser extensions, and confidence in setting up and utilising digital applications. The learner wants to ensure they have references for their essay. They get this and develop their digital skills and literacies at the same time without being 'taught'.

This is so true many people don't think about the logic and reasoning as to why they choose to do what they want with devices. People don't look at all the possibilities when it comes to posting that picture or editing it... There's just so much with technology it can be scary.

I do this as well for info lit sessions - the students aren't going to retain the information if you don't give them hands on experience using the tools in conjunction with the newly discovered literacy ability.

There are whole websites devoted to running accessibility tests and yet so few of our websites and content there in is truly accessible. I think of students I know and the complaints they have voiced over struggling to read busy pages, or pages with too sharp a contrast.

This is a point of great interest to me. I am interested to hear ideas about how we can develop this understanding among students and all users of the internet.

This is something that I always think about before I write anything online. In the past many students have told me that trolling and online abuse is just normal—perhaps that shows that while they knew how to use many digital tools, they didn't have strong digital literacy.

This a great example to show the difference between digital skills and digital literacy. I like the example because reflects a very common situation in social media.

As part of our info lit sessions, at my employing institution, we teach students that they can possibly utilize the bibliography and build up subject terms from Wikipedia. The caveat is indeed that we are trying to get the to think critically, while doing this - if it isn't appearing anywhere else, it's probably too good to be true.

This is a good point, the news has always been biased, the ease that people can create and share information has made this a huge issue.

Digital literacy assists with this, being able to see if a source is credible, by fact checking with other sources as well.

Henceforth, the importance of digital literacy, summed up in a basic sentence, especially when dealing with Wikipedia.

I can relate to this so much. It's been about 10 years since I've actually been in a college classroom and I miss it because everyone has their own learning styles and I like being around people. But what I've learned about doing this online course about myself is while I am that student who does go off track and does her own thing I don't necessarily think that it's a bad thing. And I say that because we are creating our own personal learning environment and that does mean us branching out into different places and doing different things. Learning in this digital age you have so many resources in there so many people to communicate with but at the end of the day it's still just you working with that piece of technology. And I've always been one to March to the Beat of My Own Drum and do my own thing but I've learned lots of different things and I will continue to learn different things despite my faults. I hope you can relate.

I'm curious about how widespread this integration into "teaching the teachers" is in other countries, especially in the Pacific region. While their does appear to be some uptake by primary & secondary educators, it doesn't yet appear widespread in this region yet.

So it means finding advocates within an institution, and supporting them with their open textbook projects, as well as giving them the support & tools to advocate to their administration about the benefits of OpenTextbooks.

One concern for academics might be that their work on zero-textbooks is not recognized as a legitimate academic activity that contributes towards tenure or performance-based funding - how can we support their argument that it is valid?

This is an extreme cost, and this was written in 2015 so fees have only sky rockted since then, which makes OpenStax an amazing resource for students needing textbooks.

Students are searching for alternative credits which add to their degrees or perhaps help in some way when they graduate.

Website detailing alternative credits and how they can improve upon degrees.

In the OERu context, this is an important point. Many OERu micro-credentials are mapped to formal academic credit towards university qualifications.

Website listing productivity MOOC's, geared towards freeing up more time in people's lives.

Website offering free MOOC's which assist students with CLEP exam preparation and study. .

MOOC provider offering career education and prepartion courses and provides skill set education.

An issue with all things tech-related.

Always double check sources, as using one bad source can discredit anything it's used on. This also basically sums up the entire article and is evidence of why digital literacy is so imperative.

Accuracy is the single most important thing you can find online, although it's almost impossible. One bad source can discredit an entire report/paper/essay as it bleeds through with misinformation and non-credible sources.

This could be an interesting research topic.

Defining digital literacy.

The OER ecosystem comprises many players with different goals, and that's fine. For this reason I think the CARE values are important for building a thriving and sustainable network.