member-shared

struggle

home-room teacher, 2 who chose the text of the verses and read them herself or had students read them in rotation or by volunteers.

by the students in the various classrooms, who are asked to stand and join in repeating the prayer in unison.

broadcast into each room in the school building through an intercommunications system and are conducted under the supervision of a teacher

Any child shall be excused from such Bible reading, or attending such Bible reading, upon the written request of his parent or guardian."

Likewise, new media production by Aboriginal artists is transform-ative and transformational: a shapeshifter. It is an act of propri-etary self-definition and cultural self-determination.

Media cosmology” em-braces an Indigenous view of media and its attendant processesthat incorporates language, culture, technology, land, spirituality,and histories encompassed in the teachings of the four directions.

By eschewing “Western” conceptions of media ecology, we posita unique new media landscape not predicated on Western founda-tional thought but rooted in our own world views. These theoriesdo not supersede or repudiate those of Western thought but canbe seen as distinct and in many ways complementary to otherdiscourses. But the differences are important and they point to afundamentally dichotomous view of Indigenous thought and as-sociation with that of “Western thought.” For Indigenous people the“media landscape” becomes just that: a landscape, replete with lifeand spirit, inclusive of beings, thought, prophecy, and the under-lying connectedness of all things – a space that mirrors, memorial-izes, and points to the structure of Indigenous thought.

We, assembled here today, are issuing a new decree to be heard in every city, in every foreign capital, and in every hall of power. From this day forward, a new vision will govern our land. From this day forward, it's going to be only America first. America first. Every decision on trade, on taxes, on immigration, on foreign affairs, will be made to benefit American workers and American families. We must protect our borders from the ravages of other countries making our products, stealing our companies, and destroying our jobs. Protection will lead to great prosperity and strength. I will fight for you with every breath in my body, and I will never, ever let you down. America will start winning again, winning like never before. We will bring back our jobs. We will bring back our borders. We will bring back our wealth. And we will bring back our dreams. We will build new roads and highways and bridges and airports and tunnels and railways all across our wonderful Nation. We will get our people off of welfare and back to work, rebuilding our country with American hands and American labor. We will follow two simple rules: Buy American and hire American. We will seek friendship and good will with the nations of the world, but we do so with the understanding that it is the right of all nations to put their own interests first. We do not seek to impose our way of life on anyone, but rather to let it shine as an example—we will shine—for everyone to follow. We will reinforce old alliances and form new ones and unite the civilized world against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the Earth. At the bedrock of our politics will be a total allegiance to the United States of America, and through our loyalty to our country, we will rediscover our loyalty to each other. When you open your heart to patriotism, there is no room for prejudice. The Bible tells us, "How good and pleasant it is when God's people live together in unity." We must speak our minds openly, debate our disagreements honestly, but always pursue solidarity. When America is united, America is totally unstoppable. There should be no fear: We are protected, and we will always be protected. We will be protected by the great men and women of our military and law enforcement, and most importantly, we will be protected by God. Finally, we must think big and dream even bigger. In America, we understand that a nation is only living as long as it is striving. We will no longer accept politicians who are all talk and no action, constantly complaining, but never doing anything about it. The time for empty talk is over. Now arrives the hour of action. Do not allow anyone to tell you that it cannot be done. No challenge can match the heart and fight and spirit of America. We will not fail. Our country will thrive and prosper again. We stand at the birth of a new millennium, ready to unlock the mysteries of space, to free the Earth from the miseries of disease, and to harness the energies, industries, and technologies of tomorrow. A new national pride will stir our souls, lift our sights, and heal our divisions. It's time to remember that old wisdom our soldiers will never forget: that whether we are Black or Brown or White, we all bleed the same red blood of patriots, we all enjoy the same glorious freedoms, and we all salute the same great American flag. And whether a child is born in the urban sprawl of Detroit or the windswept plains of Nebraska, they look up at the same night sky, they fill their heart with the same dreams, and they are infused with the breath of life by the same almighty Creator. So to all Americans in every city near and far, small and large, from mountain to mountain, from ocean to ocean, hear these words: You will never be ignored again. Your voice, your hopes, and your dreams will define our American destiny. And your courage and goodness and love will forever guide us along the way. Together, we will make America strong again. We will make America wealthy again. We will make America proud again. We will make America safe again. And, yes, together, we will make America great again. Thank you. God bless you, and God bless America. Thank you. God bless America.

The solution is not to "integrate" them into the structure of oppression, but to transform that structure so that they can become "beings for themselves."

the teacher confuses the authority of knowledge with his or her own professional authority, which she and he sets in opposition to the freedom of the students;

the teacher teaches and the students are taught;

Students, as they are increasingly posed with problems relating to themselves in the world and with the world, will feel increasingly challenged and obliged to respond to that challenge.

They become jointly responsible for a process in which all grow. In this process, arguments based on "authority" are no longer valid; in order to function, authority must be on the side of freedom, not against it.

Through dialogue, the teacher-of-the-students and the students-of-the-teacher cease to exist and a new term emerges: teacher-student with students-teachers. The teacher is no longer merely the-one-who-teaches, but one who is himself taught in dialogue with the students, who in turn while being taught also teach.

Those truly committed to liberation must reject the banking concept in its entirety, adopting instead a concept of women and men as conscious beings, and consciousness as consciousness intent upon the world.

Education as the exercise of domination stimulates the credulity of students, with the ideological intent (often not perceived by educators) of indoctrinating them to adapt to the world of oppression.

When their efforts to act responsibly are frustrated, when they find themselves unable to use their faculties, people suffer.

Oppression—overwhelming control—is necrophilic; it is nourished by love of death, not life. The banking concept of education, which serves the interests of oppression, is also necrophilic. Based on a mechanistic, static, naturalistic, spatialized view of consciousness, it transforms students into receiving objects. It attempts to control thinking and action, leads women and men to adjust to the world, and inhibits their creative power.

Because banking education begins with a false understanding of men and women as objects, it cannot promote the development of what Fromm calls "biophily," but instead produces its opposite: "necrophily."

Solidarity requires true communication, and the concept by which such an educator is guided fears and proscribes communication.

Those who use the banking approach, knowingly or unknowingly (for there are innumerable well-intentioned bank-clerk teachers who do not realize that they are serving only to dehumanize), fail to perceive that the deposits themselves contain contradictions about reality.

The truth is, however, that the oppressed are not "marginals," are not people living "outside" society. They have always been "inside"—inside the structure which made them "beings for others."

The teacher talks about reality as if it were motionless, static, compartmentalized, and predictable. Or else he expounds on a topic completely alien to the existential experience of the students.

His task is to "fill" the students with the contents of his narration— contents which are detached from reality, disconnected from the totality that engendered them and could give them significance. Words are emptied of their concreteness and become a hollow, alienated, and alienating verbosity.

SNS have been and will continue to play an integral role and iwi, hapūand marae will be faced with the challenge of shifting values-basedpractices and rituals to the virtual space to empower their people withthe ability and access to participate and engage.

Dr Paratene Ngata from Tūranga-nui-a-Kiwa was one of the first tolivestream his funeral to the Internet to enable those unable to make thetangihanga the opportunity to still be part of it.

SNS are assisting Māori users to access more information about theirwhakapapa, language, performing arts, marae, hapū and iwi. All ofthese areas that users are interested in and are engaging with is viewedas a positive aspect of cultural revitalisation and self-determination forMāori and where individual and collective identities are beingconstructed and formed.

marae.

connected.

.

.

Tertiary prevention

threatening their utter ruin,then the Lords of the Confederacy must submit the matter to the decision of their people and the decisionof the people shall affect the decision of the Confederate Council. This decision shall be a confirmation ofthe voice of the people

Likewise such persons who submit to laws of foreign nations shallforfeit all birthrights and claims on the Five Nations Confederacy and territory

Peace among the people of an outside nation and that nation refuses to accept the Great Peace, then bysuch refusal they bring a declaration of war upon themselves from the Five Nations.

When a member of an alien nation comes to the territory of the Five Nations and seeks refuge andpermanent residenc

When any alien nation or individual is admitted into the Five Nations the admission shall beunderstood only to be a temporary one

he soil of the earth from one end of the land to the other is the property of the people who inhabit it.By birthright the Ongwehonweh (Original beings) are the owners of the soil which they own and occupyand none other may hold it.

Should any member of the Five Nations, a family or person belonging to a foreign nation submit aproposal for adoption into a clan of one of the Five Nations, he or they shall furnish a string of shells, aspan in length, as a pledge to the clan into which he or they wish to be adopte

This is the Hiawatha Belt, now in the Congressional Library

The white portion of the shell strings represent the women and the black portion the men

Whilethey are eating they are to use no sharp utensils for if they should they might accidentally cut one anotherand bloodshed would follow

Every five years the Five Nations Confederate Lords and the people shall assemble together and shall askone another if their minds are still in the same spirit of unity for the Great Binding Law

embers of the same clan areforbidden to marry

f a Lord dies and there is no candidate qualified for the office in the family of the women title holders,the Lords of the Nation shall give the title into the hands of a sister family

If a Lord of the Confederacy should seek to establish any authority independent of the jurisdiction ofthe Confederacy of the Great Peace

they shall be proof against anger, offensiveactions and criticism. Their hearts shall be full of peace and good will and their minds filled with a yearningfor the welfare of the people of the Confederacy.

Any of the people of the Five Nations may use shells (or wampum) as the record of a pledge, contract or anagreement entered into and the same shall be binding as soon as shell strings shall have been exchanged byboth parties

If a Confederate Lord desires to resign his title he shall notify the Lords of the Nation

Certain physical defects in a Confederate Lord make him ineligible to sit in the Confederate Council.

If at any time it shall be manifest that a Confederate Lord has not in mind the welfare of the people ordisobeys the rules of this Great Law

The definition includes terms that have deep connections to the arts and education. The following sections examine each key term.

Arts-Enhanced Curriculum acts as a “hook” to engage students in learning content. Additionally, teachers need little or no training in the art form. Arts-Enhanced Curriculum is often mistaken for Arts-Integrated Curriculum or a distinction is not made between the two.

Thus, the Kennedy Center began an effort to further clarify the key ideas that formed the foundation for its work in arts integration and to draft a comprehensive definition that would provide a foundation for a shared understanding among all program participants.

Arts integration requires that students do more than repeat (a song), copy (an art project), or follow directions.

This led to a realization that the program has been offering teachers strategies for arts integration— “the how”—but hadn’t been sufficiently preparing teachers to understand the bigger picture and the parameters for what constituted quality arts integration—“the what.”

I end this chapter, then, with a charge to those of us who characterize our work as digital rhetoric—we must work to bring our theories and methods into the fields of the digital humanities and Internet studies because we have much to offer in both realms; we also have excellent opportunities to learn from and incorporate the work that is central to these fields as well.

he term “digital rhetoric” is perhaps most simply defined as the application of rhetorical theory (as analytic method or heuristic for production) to digital texts and performances.

linguistics we have a consideration of the r

two opposing camps of rhetoricians emerged

Digital rhetoric, in contrast, has not yet become established as a field.

The rise of Christianity in the medieval period led to the devaluation of rhetoric (it was seen as pagan and antithetical to the church) until Augustine recognized that the persuasive modes of rhetoric could be very useful for the church; however, the focus of rhetoric during this period was primarily in the development of rules for preaching and legal letter writing (all in the service of the church).

Within the context of computer systems and networks, “digital” refers to the encoding of information in binary digits (bits), which may occupy only two distinct states (on or off, 1 or 0)

New technology The invention of steam power, semi-automated spinningand weaving machines, and other early industrial technologies dramaticallyincreased productivity. Also, these technologies needed completely new waysof organizing work: in larger-scale factories which required more complex(and expensive) equipment. And they implied new structures of ownership:the machinery (and associated costs of raw materials and other necessaryinputs) was too expensive for individuals or small groups of workers tofinance on their own. An owner was needed to finance the large up-frontinvestments necessary to get the factories working

I once attended a dinner speech given by the then-Secretary-General of theOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), whichis an international association of developed capitalist countries. He waspromoting the concept of “economic literacy.” He argued that if more peoplein society understood the fundamentals of economic theory (like supply anddemand, competition, and free trade), then they would more readily acceptpolicy “reforms” implemented by their governments – even if those reformswere painful.

Questions to Ask Yourself What are your learning objectives for the course? How many are you teaching in a given lecture? In a given exam period? What conceptual links between material are important for your students to understand? What depth does a concept need to be covered? How are you going to assess your content? How many sample problems should be included?

The web version makes use of hypothes.is annotations, a tool that will allow you to make notes directly on pages both individually and collaboratively. Visit the Quick Start Guide here to create a free account and see how it works. You can start making notes by selecting text on the page and the options to annotate or highlight will pop up, or by clicking on the notes sidebar (right side of page). You can also use hypothes.is on Canvas or other online content by using the browser extension or bookmarklet. Private groups can be created to just focus on your notes or to collaborate with a group of friends. You can export these notes later for revision, or simply visit the page any time to see all comments.

Poetry SlamThis is meant to be a low stakes way for you to become comfortable sharing your poetry. You will post a video reading one of your original poems along with the text. Peers will rate poems on a scale of 1-10. This rating will not impact the grade

As long as work has been submitted that fulfills all of the requirements of the assignment, work will receive at least a B grade

This course will help you to dive into one of humanity’s oldest forms of expression: poetry.

Using AI isn’t worthit. I am not expecting perfect work. I get it, you want a good grade, but in my course the best way to achieve that is to submit something that you have written yourself even if you don’t feel it’s your best. That work will always get a better grade than a zero.

When you annotate a text, you should do more than simply underline or highlight important points to remember.

After all, we all know how to read. But do we know how to read actively?

1.1

Author’s Notes: Each major assignment will be accompanied by an approximately 250-word author’s note. The author’s note allows you to reflect on your writing process. It also allows you to direct the type of feedback you’d most like to receive from me and your peers

All work turned in must adhere to the following format. Work submitted that does not adhere to this formatting will not receive credit.

When sending me an email, be sure to include your topic followed by your name and class number with section in the subject line.

I have been invited – I might say ordered – by the Lincoln Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, to say a few words to you in appropriate celebration of this annual national memorial day…

We also group things together based on similarity. We tend to think similar-looking or similar-acting things belong together. I have two friends that I occasionally go out with, and we are all three males, around the same age, of the same race, with short hair and glasses. Aside from that, we don’t really look alike, but on more than one occasion a server at a restaurant has assumed that we’re brothers. Despite the fact that many of our other features are different, the salient features are organized based on similarity and the three of us are suddenly related.

I’m sure we’ve all gotten sucked into a television show, video game, or random project and paid attention to that at the expense of something that actually meets our needs like cleaning or spending time with a significant other. Paying attention to things that interest us but don’t meet specific needs seems like the basic formula for procrastination that we are all familiar with.

It is probably not surprising to learn that visually and/or aurally stimulating things become salient in our perceptual field and get our attention. Creatures ranging from fish to hummingbirds are attracted to things like silver spinners on fishing poles or red and yellow bird feeders. Having our senses stimulated isn’t always a positive thing though. Think about the couple that won’t stop talking during the movie or the upstairs neighbor whose subwoofer shakes your ceiling at night. In short, stimuli can be attention-getting in a productive or distracting way.

A major element of the power of the priesthood in the Mesopotamian cities was the fact that the priests claimed to be able to soothe and assuage the gods, to prevent the gods from sending yet another devastating flood, epidemic, or plague of locusts. It is not too far off to say that the most important duty of Mesopotamian priests was to beg the gods for mercy.

What experiences haveyou had with annotation? How might those experiences prepare you to read incommunity with others?Learning is SocialAnnotation has been practiced for thousands of years as a way to improvereading. Readers annotating texts individually to aid learning is an oldpractice, one recommended by Erasmus as early as the sixteenth centu-ry (Jackson 48). Social annotations can help us learn about what we’rereading too. In the Jewish tradition, published Talmudic annotations helpreaders make sense of the Talmud (Kalir & Garcia 78). Before the inven-tion of the printing press, it was common to share a text and annotationsamong groups of readers even though the technology made reproducingthe text and annotations time consuming.But new tools for digital social annotation afford readers new possibil-ities not only for making annotations that are shared with others, but alsofor annotating at the same time and across distances. Digital annotationthus creates a more expansive space for the social practice of annotation.

They did not only tax the wealth, the crops, and the goods of the subjects of Uruk, but they also had a right to demand labor, obligating the common people (i.e. almost everyone) to work on the irrigation systems, the temples, and the other major public buildings.

Teachers should provide data on the progress of students and materials. Teachers are best placed to judge the quality of materials, the depth to which the topics have been or will be dealt with, and the sequencing of the topics. They document their experiences and those of the learners. Teachers also need to have skills for observing and documenting their observations, constructing appropriate tests and examinations, and systematically reporting their findings.

Curriculum development committees must research effective practices to support school environments that offer rich and varied learning experiences. They must review policies and behaviors that foster community involvement and equitable opportunities for all.

This step requires that you understand a variety of assessment types and their pros and cons in order to select the best format for your assessment

requires you as the teacher to determine what form of evidence you will accept as evidence of student achievement of the learning objective. In this stage, you will either select or develop the assessment task that will provide the specific evidence you need.

in

Get your unfair advAntage

Driven to outplot, outcreate and outperform.

The creative agency built for ambitious brAnds.

.

g.

INTEGRATED CAMPAIGNS / BRAND IDENTITY + DESIGN / DIGITAL EXPERIENCES / CONTENT PRODUCTION / CRM + EMAIL / EXPERIENTIAL Check out our work .nine-image_or_video.unique-number__68b05efee0d37 .nine-image_or_video__video.-local { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-hero-placeholder-480x320.png); } @media only screen and (min-width: 64em) { .nine-image_or_video.unique-number__68b05efee0d37 .nine-image_or_video__video.-local { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-hero-placeholder-480x320.png); } } Play Creative Highlight Reel .nine-work_grid__video.-local.unique-number__68b05efeec960 { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-work-19-crimes-placeholder-448x320.webp); } @media only screen and (min-width: 64em) { .nine-work_grid__video.-local.unique-number__68b05efeec960 { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-work-19-crimes-placeholder-448x320.webp); } } .nine-work_grid__video.-local.unique-number__68b05efeecdc4 { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-work-olive-garden-placeholder-448x320.webp); } @media only screen and (min-width: 64em) { .nine-work_grid__video.-local.unique-number__68b05efeecdc4 { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-work-olive-garden-placeholder-448x320.webp); } } .nine-work_grid__video.-local.unique-number__68b05efeed181 { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-work-pennsylvania-lottery-placeholder-448x320.webp); } @media only screen and (min-width: 64em) { .nine-work_grid__video.-local.unique-number__68b05efeed181 { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-work-pennsylvania-lottery-placeholder-448x320.webp); } } .nine-work_grid__video.-local.unique-number__68b05efeed435 { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-work-discover-south-carolina-placeholder-448x320.webp); } @media only screen and (min-width: 64em) { .nine-work_grid__video.-local.unique-number__68b05efeed435 { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-work-discover-south-carolina-placeholder-448x320.webp); } } View More Work .nine-image_or_video.unique-number__68b05efeedabe .nine-image_or_video__video.-local { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-hero-placeholder-480x320.png); } @media only screen and (min-width: 64em) { .nine-image_or_video.unique-number__68b05efeedabe .nine-image_or_video__video.-local { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/front-hero-placeholder-480x320.png); } } Play Content Sudio Reel OUR CO-CONSPIRATORS Relentless Creativity Meets Raw Ambition An unending drive to find greatness. It guides our daily rhythms. It propels us to what’s next— It’s just who we are. And it’s how you get the unfair advantage. See Us In Action .nine-cta.unique-number__68b05eff108ce { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/block-seize-your-unfair-advantage-554x320.jpg); } @media only screen and (min-width: 64em) { .nine-cta.unique-number__68b05eff108ce { background-image: url(https://2025rebrand-9rooftopscom.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/block-seize-your-unfair-advantage-997x576.jpg); } } Get your unfair advAntage Let's Do This Contact News Careers Locations Instagram Facebook Linkedin Eastport 9R Studio 9R Health Terms of Use Privacy Policy GDPR Settings © 2025 9Rooftops Marketing, LLC loading...

An unending drive to find greatness.

OUR CO-CONSPIRATORS

Find The Side Door

D

So you get the gutsy ideas you deserve.

Its findingsempower educators to design multimedia resources that bridge theory and practice, particularlybenefiting clinical clerkship students through accessible, active learning tools. The researchresponds to digital-native learners' needs while elevating medical training quality.

the relative effectiveness of audio podcastssupplemented with infographics versus those supplemented with concept map

n studies published after 2020

The integration of podcasts into medicaleducation has been particularly notable in recent years, with a marked increase in their use andpublication post 2020. This trend reflects a broader shift towards digital and mobile learningplatforms in medical education

7.32 (pre-test) to 13.72 (delayed post-test)

This study addresses this gap by comparingthe impact of audio podcasts supplemented with infographics or concept maps

As noted, race was the distinguishing mark of race relations, culture, of(Chicago) ethnic studies, and both discourses functioned to maintain therelations of power. By the time the Third World Liberation Front was estab-lished, (Chicago) ethnic studies was the prevailing ideology in US society.That is, races were reduced to cultures, and the celebration of ethnicity and di-versity was the ticket to the big tent of inclusion, citizenship, and rights—theperceived goals of the civil rights movement

INTRODUCTION

Yes, she beat me this morning

Then he entered his complaint & farther said that since this Nurse came into the house he was seizd twise with an amaz’d condition

Here Tho: Putmans wife cryed out, Did you not bring the Black man with you, did you not bid me tempt God

Then Mary Walcot (who often heretofore said she had seen her, but never could say or did say that she either bit or pincht her, or hurt her) & also Eliz: Hubbard under the like circumstances both openly accused her of hurting them

Mrs Pope fell into a grevious fit, & cryed out a sad thing sure enough: And then many more fell into lamentable fits.

G

GDPR Settings

THE WORK

18-34 YEAR-OLDS

,

Get your unfair advAntage

Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used for quantification ofcfRNA. An RNA-specific primer was designed to cover a 97-bp ampli-con spanning 2 exon boundaries in the housekeeping gene GAPDH(forward 5′-GATCATCAGCAATGCCTCCT-3′, reverse 5′-TGTGGTCATGAGTCCTTCCA-3′). A DNA-specific primer was designed to covera 78-bp transcriptionally silent region of chromosome 12 (forward5′-TACGGTTGGTCCTTTCTTCG-3′, reverse 5′-TTTCCTTTGGGTCTGAATGC-3′). Reverse transcription was first performed using the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription kit (Applied Biosystems). qPCRwas then run using 2X Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (ThermoFisher Scientific) on an Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCRor QuantStudio 7 Pro instruments. Universal Human Reference RNA(Thermo Fisher Scientific) was run in parallel to generate a standardcurve, and cfRNA concentrations were calculated by comparing theRNA-specific Ct value of the sample to the standard curve.

By night he steered thevessel back to the west and the north, hoping to stay near the islands of theCaribbean and the coast of North America in order to be intercepted andsaved. After eight weeks, he got his wish: a U.S. Navy survey ship capturedthe Amistad off Culloden Point, Long Island, and carried the Africans, theSpaniards, the cargo, and the schooner to New London, Connecticut.

Genre distinctions are handy for us as viewers when deciding what kinds of stories we want to engage, but they are even more handy for producers and studios when it comes to meeting the demand of audiences.

theme – what the film is really about. Star Wars (1977) is about a farm boy saving a princess and defeating a planet-destroying weapon wielded by the evil Empire. That’s the plot. But it’s really about believing in oneself and the difference one brave person can make in the face of overwhelming evil. That is its narrative intent.

The next time you are watching a film or series, take a step back and ask yourself: Who or what is telling this story? Not what character are we following or with whom do we most closely identify in the story, but who or what is actually relaying the events. Yes, there’s the screenwriter and the director and ultimately the editor who are all responsible for narrative as we receive it. Just like the author of a novel. But moment to moment, the primary narrator in cinema is always the camera.

a protagonist should at the very least be interesting, and that does not necessarily mean they are inherently good. In fact, often the most interesting protagonists are flawed in some fundamental way

But as cinema has evolved into other forms, including television and streaming series, so too has narrative structure evolved.

e “rule” of how effective the three-act structure has become. Not just because screenwriters find it useful, but because we, as the audience

But the obstacles could also be internal, some part of the protagonist’s own psychology. Either way, there’s usually a midpoint, right around page/minute 55 or 60, where the protagonist has a choice:

And as much as a screenplay can and should be a great read, it is, ultimately, a technical document, a plan for something exponentially more complex.

Nor do you notice anything about the music,

hough rarely meant to be read as literature, it is a literary genre unto itself, with its own unique form, conventions, and poetic economy

not to mention new innovations in virtual reality and immersive technologies that will push the boundaries of what is possible in the years to come.

a modern ritual

It may come as a surprise that not one of the world’s top cities is in the United States:

Drawing on setting, character, lighting and composition, mise-en-scène is more than any one technique, it’s the overall look or even feel of a film, and it is far greater than the sum of its parts. Which is why I chose to start here in our exploration of how, exactly, cinema works the way it does.

Notice the stark realism of the setting, the wardrobe, the way the camera tells us exactly what we need to know. Now check out this analysis of the film’s mise-en-scène:

These films were notable for their consistent use of surreal, exaggerated set design and very low key lighting schemes. The films were full of dark shadows and macabre settings

Another important part of the process of designing a shot is the choreography involved in moving the camera through the scene, whether on wheels, on a crane or strapped to camera person.

As should be obvious, you can’t have cinema without light. Light exposes the image and, of course, allows us to see it. But it’s the creative use of light, or lighting, is what makes it an element design

Putting on the wardrobe, seeing themselves in another era, a different hair style, looking older or younger,

But we can also examine how the physical design of a character, through costume, make-up and hair style, not only contributes to the mise-en-scène, but also helps fully realize the work of both screenwriters and actors.

Those objects could be in the background providing context – framed photos, a trophy, an antique clock – or they could be picked up and handled by characters in a scene – a glass of whisky, a pack of cigarettes, a loaded gun.

In that case, the setting must be augmented with computer generated imagery (CGI). The most common way this is implemented is through the use of green screen technology.

roduction designer. The production designer is the point person for the overall aesthetic design of a film or series. Working closely with the director, they help translate the aesthetic vision for the project – its mise-en-scène – to the various design departments, including set design, art department, costume, hair and make-up. But arguably their most important job

Denis’s films generate an enveloping atmosphere that you can almost taste and feel, and all of that is part of her consistent (and brilliant) use of mise-en-scène.

But if there’s any hope of that final product having a unified aesthetic, and a coherent, underlying theme that ties it all together, it needs a singular vision to give it direction. That, really, is the job of a director. To make sure everyone is moving in the same direction, making the same work of art. And they do that not so much by managing people

But the idea is simple. Borrowed from theater, it refers to every element in the frame that contributes to the overall look of a film. And I mean everything: set design, costume, hair, make-up, color scheme, framing, composition, lighting… Basically, if you can see it, it contributes to the mise-en-scène

Employee & Client Referral Bonus Program

Please fill the recaptcha checkbox.

In other words, you don’t have to necessarily like a movie to analyze its use of a unifying theme or the way the filmmaker employs mise-en-scene, narrative structure, cinematography, sound and editing to effectively communicate that theme.

cinema reflects the dominant cultural norms of a given period, or the way it sometimes rides the leading edge of change in those same norms

However, just as we can analyze technique, the formal properties of cinema, to better understand how a story is communicated, we can also analyze content, that is, what stories are communicating to better understand how they fit into the wider cultural context. Cinema, again like literature, can represent valuable cultural documents, reflecting our own ideas, values and morals back to us as filmmakers and audiences.

his increases the compositional possibilities exponentially for cinema, allowing filmmakers to layer in even more patterns that serve the story and help us connect to their thematic intent.

composing a shot is a powerful way we tell stories about ourselves every day. Filmmakers, the really good ones, are masters of this technique. And once you understand this principle, you can start to analyze how a filmmaker uses composition to serve their underlying thematic intent, to help tell their story.

We can say the same about the relationship between cinema and theater. Both use a carefully planned mise-en-scene – the overall look of the production including set design, costume, make-up –

theme, an idea that unifies every element of the work, gives it coherence and communicates what the work is really about. And really great cinema manages to suggest and express that theme through every shot, scene and sequence.

implicit meaning, the deeper, essential meaning, suggested but not necessarily directly expressed by any one element. Moby Dick is explicitly about a man trying to catch a whale, but as any literature professor will tell you, it was never really about the whale.

It’s called cutting on action and it’s a critical part of our visual lexicon, enabling filmmakers to join shots, often from radically different angles and positions, while remaining largely invisible to the viewer.

Cinema can’t communicate without it, but if we pay too much attention to it, we’ll miss what it all means. A nifty little paradox. But not so strange or unfamiliar when you think about it. It’s precisely the same with any other language.

The same applies to cinematic language. The way cinema communicates is the product of many different tools and techniques, from production design to narrative structure to lighting, camera movement, sound design, performance and editing. But all of these are employed to manipulate the viewer

Don’t talk during the movie. That’s super annoying

Staple crops produce the foods that provide the greatest percentage of the calories people eat. It might surprise you that today only about fifteen staple crops account for 90% of the calories people eat every day. The top five are responsible for nearly three quarters, including feed for the animals whose meat we eat. They were all discovered/invented by ancient people between six and ten thousand years ago, and three of the five were invented in the Americas. The world’s five top five staples today (in order of importance) are maize (corn), rice, wheat, potatoes, and cassava. Only rice and wheat were known to Europe, Asia, and Africa before contact with the Americas.

. Mise-en-scene, narrative, cinematography, editing, sound and acting will all still matter. And our understanding of how those tools and techniques not only shape the medium, but also shape our culture will also still matter. Maybe more than ever.

That independent spirit in American cinema also created space for women and people of color to have a voice in the art form. A quick scan of the history above and you’ll notice there are not a lot of women’s names. And almost all of the men are white. But filmmakers like Shirley Clarke, Julie Dash and Allison Anders didn’t wait around for Hollywood to give them permission to make great cinema. Nor did the filmmakers of the early so-called Blaxploitation movement (though their success was eventually and sadly co-opted by white filmmakers)

If all of that makes your head spin, you’re not alone. In short, back in 1983, 90% of all American media was controlled by more than 50 distinct companies. By 2012, that same percentage was controlled by just 5. By 2019, it was down to 4: Comcast, Disney, AT&T and National Amusements

AWS (1975) cost $9 million to make (three times more than Universal budgeted) and took 159 days to shoot (three times longer the Universal had hoped), but it grossed more than $120 million in its first theatrical run. It hit Hollywood like a tidal wave.

he Exorcist (1973) broke every accepted norm of cinematography, sound design, narrative structure, editing, performance and even distribution models. And in the process broke every box office record.

Whatever the reason, Warner Bros. bankrolled Bonnie and Clyde (1967), tried to bury it on release, but ultimately had to admit they had a huge hit on their hands. It was as bold, unpredictable, and transgressive (for its time) as Beatty had hoped. And audiences, especially younger audiences, loved it.

The result was a dramatic contraction in output as studios made fewer and fewer movies with increasingly expensive, freelance talent hoping to hit the moving target of audience interest.

, Olivia de Havilland, a young actress known for her role as Melanie in Gone with the Wind (1939), sued Warner Bros. for adding six months to her contract, the amount of time she had been suspended by the studio for refusing to take roles she didn’t want. She wasn’t the first Hollywood actor to sue a studio over their stifling contracts. But she was the first to win her case.

anthropology, by definition, is the study of humans

Some biological anthropologists focus on our closest living relatives: monkeys and apes. They examine the biological and behavioral similarities and differences between nonhuman primates and human primates

hen planning routines try to limit the number of steps to keep the routine manageable. Practice the routine yourself to make sure that it works smoothly, then script how you will practice the routine with your students. Once your students arrive, then practice, practice, practice. You may need to revise your procedure if it is not working efficiently or you may need to refresh students with a practice session mid-year if they begin to slip.

A sample plan for responding to off-task behavior might look like the list below. Warning Conference with Teacher Call Home Referral to Office

The decision paid off two years later when she moved into a salaried job earning close to six figures.

The use of morphometrics has been employed in taxonomic studies of aquatic mammals

So an imitator has neither knowledge nor correct belief aboutwhether the things he makes are good or bad

Specialization means that we rely on tasks performedby strangers. If we cannot trust what strangers do, thenwe cannot specialize. For transactions to be trustworthy,