10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2017
    1. the Detroit Right Wings,

      This group played on the NHL team, the Detroit Red Wings. They inappropriately and unlawfully used the DRW logo during the protest. This is significant as it caused a huge uproar in DRW fans as they might have been improperly informed and assumed that DRW supported this protest and nationalist/supremacist group(s). DRW and NHL came out with a statement addressing the issue and stating they did not support the protests and groups involved.

    2. In his initial statement on the rally, U.S. President Donald Trump did not denounce white nationalists explicitly, instead condemning "hatred, bigotry, and violence on many sides."

      When Donald Trump addressed the public about the Unite the Right rally, he criticized both sides for the violence, hatred, and bigotry. However, it caused an uproar of criticizing Donald Trump for not expressing the hatred, bigotry, and violence that the white nationalists brought about, which led people to felt as though he was implying there was nothing morally wrong with nationalists and supremacists. This a significant moment in history as others presidents would have made it known that they did not support a group that incites violence and hatred for others, yet Donald Trump "stayed neutral".

    3. In an address later in the day following the rally, Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe, flanked by Charlottesville mayor Michael Signer, and Charlottesville's police chief, directly addressed the rally participants: "I have a message to all the white supremacists and the Nazis who came into Charlottesville today. Our message is plain and simple. Go home ... You are not wanted in this great commonwealth."[181] Signer said he was disgusted that white supremacists came to his town and he faulted President Donald Trump for inflaming racial tensions during his 2016 campaign, stating: "I'm not going to make any bones about it. I place the blame for a lot of what you're seeing in America today right at the doorstep of the White House and the people around the president."[

      McAuliffe and Signer joined together as direct respondents to the Charlottesville attacks and condemn white supremacists and Nazis that came to the rally. They recognize that Trump and his staff can be to blame for the hate crimes that had been committed. I think that what they are referring to is the tolerance that Trump has had for these two specific groups. And, while these two men were expected to speak out about the Charlottesville incident, because they are directly tied to the city and state, it is still relieving to see that smaller political leaders, compared to the president, are able to speak out and attempt to condemn and influence future hate crimes by white supremacists and Nazis. They did not have to make a second statement denouncing these groups, because they said it in the first. There was no hesitation to stand up for what was right.

    4. Trump later tweeted "Made additional remarks on Charlottesville and realize once again that the #Fake News Media will never be satisfied...truly bad people!"[245

      This statement came from one of Trump's tweets, bashing the media, after his second statement he had made about the Charlottesville protests. What I find odd about this tweet is that Trump is so quick to denounce the news media when it goes against him, calling them "truly bad people," but he is so hesitant to denounce hate groups, like white supremacists, that largely caused the violence in Charlottesville. Trump did not think twice about denouncing the news media when it went against him, but thought twice about denouncing the hateful people who make up his base group of supporters. This is bad, truly bad...

  2. Sep 2017
    1. It is based on JavaScript 1.6 with some portions of 1.7 and 1.8 and provides subset of ECMAScript 5 API,

      relationship between Apps Script and main versions of JavaScript

    1. DeAndre Harris, a black teacher's aide from Charlottesville, was brutally beaten by white supremacists in a parking garage close to Police Headquarters; the assault was captured by photographs and video footage.[69][99] The footage showed a group of six men[100] beating Harris with poles, metal pipe, and wood slabs,[69][101] as Harris struggled to pick himself off the ground.[101] Harris suffered a broken wrist and serious head injury.[102] The attack was investigated by Charlottesville police, with help from the Virginia State Police and FBI.[99] On August 27, Daniel P. Borden was arrested and charged with malicious wounding in connection with the assault.[100][103] Another man, Alex Michael Ramos, was also charged with malicious wounding in connection with the attack,[100] and was arrested the following day.[3] Separately at the rally, "a man was captured on video shooting at the ground in the direction of an African-American counterprotester."[100] Richard W. Preston, the self-identified imperial wizard of the Confederate White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, was arrested on August 25 and charged with discharging a firearm within 1,000 feet of a school.

      There were so many occurrences that I hadn't known about before. Heather Heyer was widely discussed, but I was under the impression that her death was the act of violence that ended the rally. There were many acts, mostly racial hate-crimes, but also violence aimed at the LGBTQ community and others. The city had even attempted to reduce the damage by directing the rally away from the mall where a brawl took place, but they were limited in what steps they were allowed to take.

    2. the Detroit Right Wings

      This section of the article explains all of the protestors that were there as well as used. It shows that the Detroit Redwings were there to protest, but this can be misleading. The actual hockey team was not there protesting, as it was their logo that was unfortunately used for this protest. Right when this happened, the Detroit Red Wings made a clear statement that not only were they a part of this rally, but they also do not support their logo being a part of such a horrible protest. This is why it is important to read various articles so there is no confusion as to who protested and who did not. Their logo was taken and abused for this rally which is an unfortunate event. I see this happen all of the time throughout media and articles, taking one small aspect of something and turning into something that it is not meant to be. This is why it is important to be able to read between the lines.

    3. His statement and his subsequent defenses of it were seen by critics as implying moral equivalence between the white supremacist marchers and those who protested against them.

      Donald Trump went on television to give a statement in regards to the Charlottesville rally and caused an uproar by supporting the alt right. He expressed that the alt right were on the same playing field as the counter protestors, which was absurd. This is significant due to the fact that it shows the President's true colors as being a white supremacists himself. Examples from this comes from demeaning women, being a racist and a bigot during the primary, election, and current day. I have never seen anything like this as the leader of our country supporting the alt right, and only compare this to a dictatorships mentality.

    4. n the wake of the 2015 Charleston church shooting, efforts were made across the country to remove Confederate monuments from public spaces and rename streets honoring notable figures from the Confederacy. While often successful, those efforts often faced a backlash from conservatives or people concerned about protecting their Confederate heritage.[10] The August 11–12 rally was organized to protest the removal of the Robert E. Lee statue honoring the Confederate general Robert E. Lee in Emancipation Park in Charlottesville, Virginia, which had been renamed from Lee Park in June 2016.[13][14] The event was organized by Jason Kessler who had taken up the cause in March 2016 when Charlottesville vice-mayor Wes Bellamy held a press conference to call for removal of the statue. Kessler, who refers to Bellamy as "anti-white," had exposed a series of offensive tweets made by Bellamy and unsuccessfully tried to remove him from office.

      So essentially the people involved on the white supremacy side of this rally claimed to be in opposition of the removal of confederate monuments and claimed their confederate heritage. This is significant because even though they claimed to be protesting the removal of the monuments, they were shouting horrible, racially bigoted slurs. Their messages should have been about the monuments themselves, not minorities and other non-white individuals. This is why this rally was not about the monuments at all, it was about a group of people filled with so much hate that they began to attack people who were different. Also this "confederate heritage" is one based solely on racism. The confederate flag is here today because of racism, that flag was created with the intent to keep black people as slaves instead of letting humans be equal to other humans.

    5. Unite the Right rally

      Unite the Right was a rally held by nationalist and white supremacy protesters who were fighting against the removal of the Lee statue. The ally turned violent after a man ran down a crowd of people with his car. I think this event is significant because it goes to show how our history is doing a better job of tearing us (the US) apart than bringing us together. Even though the KKK was involved, it reminds me of the KKK involved with fires at black churches.

    1. In 1997, the Canadian Mint released a commemorative silver dollar coin to mark the 25th anniversary.

      How big was this event, really? Did it have such a huge impact on the country?

    1. Here t {\displaystyle t} is a prespecified free parameter that determines the amount of regularisation

      prespecified free parameter determinated the amount of regularisation

    1. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License

      Voici une manière d'indiquer la licence pour un texte :

      • écrire pour le lecteur sous quelles conditions l'œuvre est partagée
      • ajouter un lien vers le texte de la licence
    1. In practice it is often more convenient when working with the natural logarithm of the likelihood function, called the log-likelihood: ln ⁡ L ( θ ; x 1 , … , x n ) = ∑ i = 1 n ln ⁡ f ( x i ∣ θ ) , {\displaystyle \ln {\mathcal {L}}(\theta \,;\,x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})=\sum _{i=1}^{n}\ln f(x_{i}\mid \theta ),} or the average log-likelihood: ℓ ^ = 1 n ln ⁡ L . {\displaystyle {\hat {\ell }}={\frac {1}{n}}\ln {\mathcal {L}}.}

      why?

  3. Aug 2017
    1. Parov Stelar was among the first who produced electronic swing music in Europe.[4] With his album Shine the BBC named Parov Stelar as one of the most promising producers active in Europe today.[5] His specific approach to music production, combined with a proven sense of sound aesthetics, led to a reaction from audiences and colleagues all around the world, giving him a reputation as the founder of a new genre: Electro Swing.[6]
    1. Hoppe has stated that Murray Rothbard was his "principal teacher, mentor and master".[2] After reading Rothbard's books and being converted to a Rothbardian political position, Hoppe moved from Germany to New York City to be with Rothbard, and then followed Rothbard to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, "working and living side-by-side with him, in constant and immediate personal contact." According to Hoppe, from 1985 until Rothbard's 1995 death, Hoppe considered Rothbard his "dearest fatherly friend".[15]
    1. On July 7, a BLM protest was held in Dallas, Texas that was organized to protest the deaths of Alton Sterling and Philando Castile. At the end of the peaceful protest, Micah Xavier Johnson opened fire in an ambush, killing five police officers and wounding seven others and two civilians. The gunman was then killed by a robot-delivered bomb.[143] Before he died, according to police, Johnson said that "he was upset about Black Lives Matter", and that "he wanted to kill white people, especially white officers."[144][144] Texas Lt. Governor Dan Patrick and other conservative lawmakers blamed the shootings on the Black Lives Matter movement.[145][146] The Black Lives Matter network released a statement denouncing the shootings.[147][148][149] On July 8, more than 100 people were arrested at Black Lives Matter protests across the United States.[150]

      shooting in Dallas blamed by some on BLM

    1. United States[edit] Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi, Inc., (TMMMS) is located in Blue Springs. Vehicle manufacture and assembly – Corolla, C-HR Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky, Inc., (TMMK) is located in Georgetown. Engine manufacture – 2GR-FE and 2AR-FE. Vehicle manufacture and assembly – Camry, Hybrid Camry, Avalon, Avalon Hybrid, and Lexus ES. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas, Inc (TMMTX) is located in San Antonio. Vehicle manufacture and assembly – Tundra & Tacoma. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana, Inc. (TMMI) is located in Princeton, Indiana. Vehicle manufacture and assembly – Sequoia, Sienna, Highlander & Highlander Hybrid. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Alabama, Inc. (TMMAL), is located in Huntsville. Engine manufacture 1GR-FE, 1UR-FE and 3UR-FE. Engines mostly for TMMTX and some TMMI. Toyota Motor Manufacturing West Virginia, Inc. (TMMWV), is located in Buffalo. Engine manufacture 2GR-FE, 2ZR-FE and 1AR-FE.

      These facilities are nowhere near the Carolinas. Wishful thinking on their and the Business Journal's part. {paywall story-CBJ}

    1. Simply training many trees on a single training set would give strongly correlated trees (or even the same tree many times, if the training algorithm is deterministic); bootstrap sampling is a way of de-correlating the trees by showing them different training sets.

      "simply" training many trees; i.e. without selection of random subset of the features

    1. The one rushes up from the sense and particulars to axioms of the highest generality and, from these principles and their indubitable truth, goes on to infer and discover middle axioms; and this is the way in current use

      He is talking about Abduction.

    1. Esperanto speakers often debate about whether a particular borrowing is justified or whether meaning can be expressed by deriving from or extending the meaning of existing words.

      .

    2. This appears to be because learning subsequent foreign languages is easier than learning one's first foreign language, whereas the use of a grammatically simple and culturally flexible auxiliary language like Esperanto lessens the first-language learning hurdle.

      .

    1. 29 8 "Dreamland" Rich Newey Lynne E. Litt July 31, 2017 (2017-07-31) TBD Fred Overmyer (John Posey), a former air force cadet is killed; his death possibly being connected to extraterrestrial life. Kirsten stitches into Overmyer's mind and into his memories from over thirty years ago to figure out what led to his death. Stephanie gets a job offer in Washington, D.C., with Fisher contemplating moving there with her. Kirsten is finally told that Ivy has been in contact with Daniel Stinger; she and Linus then discover an even more shocking secret about Ivy.

      Episode 3.8 "Dreamland" of Stitchers

    1. Vocativ's authors also found that the films that passed the test earned a total of $4.22 billion in the United States, while those that failed earned $2.66 billion in total, leading them to conclude that a way for Hollywood to make more money might be to "put more women onscreen."[35] A 2014 study by FiveThirtyEight based on data from about 1,615 films released from 1990 to 2013 concluded that the median budget of films that passed the test was 35% lower than that of the others. It found that the films that passed the test had about a 37% higher return on investment (ROI) in the United States, and the same ROI internationally, compared to films that did not pass the test.[37]
  4. Jul 2017
    1. Machine readable is not synonymous with digitally accessible. A digitally accessible document may be online, making it easier for humans to access via computers, but its content is much harder to extract, transform and process via computer programming logic if it is not in machine-readable format.

      Good distinction to make

    1. [1]

      The evidence p(x) can be evaluated (using the sum and product rules) in terms of likelihoods (probability of data given parameters) and priors (prior believes about parameters): \(p(x) = \sum_{i} p(x|\theta_i)\)

    1. References

      XML is a subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language, or SGML (ISO8879-1986). XML's specification first emerged in 1996 through the efforts of the XML Special Interest Group and the SGML Editorial Review Board, chaired by John Bosak of Sun Microsystems. The group, also known as the XML Working Group, laid out the following set of guidelines or design goals for XML

    1. Lester Lawrence "Larry" Lessig III (born June 3, 1961) is an American academic, attorney, and political activist. He is the Roy L. Furman Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and the former director of the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University.[1]

      I consider a Harvard Law Professor a credible source on copyright law and activism.

    1. s a Washington, D.C.-based Indian American conservative political commentator and columnist. He has written for the Washington Post[2] and The Guardian,[3] maintains a blog with Forbes,[4] and is a regular contributor with The Atlantic,[5] National Review Online,[6] Human Events[7] and Politix.[8] He is also an adviser and Board member to several technology start-ups. He was listed on Forbes's 2014 list of 30 under 30 for law in policy[9] for his work on technology policy and the successful phone unlocking campaign which resulted in the Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act (S. 517/ P.L. 113-144) passing Congress and being signed into law by President Obama on August 1, 2014.

      Conclusion: he's credible.

    1. The 1998 Act extended these terms to life of the author plus 70 years and for works of corporate authorship to 120 years after creation or 95 years after publication, whichever endpoint is earlier.[1] Copyright protection for works published before January 1, 1978, was increased by 20 years to a total of 95 years from their publication date.

      Confirms 1:25-1:47: "In 1998, Mickey Mouse was about enter the public domain. To stop that from happening, Disney and other companies lobbied Congress to extend the term of copyright by decades, just so they could retain ownership of him and other characters."

    2. The 1998 Act extended these terms to life of the author plus 70 years and for works of corporate authorship to 120 years after creation or 95 years after publication, whichever endpoint is earlier.[1] Copyright protection for works published before January 1, 1978, was increased by 20 years to a total of 95 years from their publication date.

      Sort of confirms 0:10-0:14 - "Back in the 20s, our copyright system worked the way it was supposed to. An artist who created a new work could claim the exclusive right to it for 56 years." The claims are off by 50 years.

    3. Under this Act, works made in 1923 or afterwards that were still protected by copyright in 1998 will not enter the public domain until 2019

      Confirms 2:00-2:13 - "Because of these laws, nothing has entered the public domain in years. In fact, nothing went into the public domain until 2019."

    4. Since 1990, The Walt Disney Company had lobbied for copyright extension.[9][10] The legalisation delayed the entry into the public domain of the earliest Mickey Mouse movies, leading detractors to the nickname "The Mickey Mouse Protection Act".[2]

      Confirms 1:25-1:47: "In 1998, Mickey Mouse was about enter the public domain. To stop that from happening, Disney and other companies lobbied Congress to extend the term of copyright by decades, just so they could retain ownership of him and other characters."

    1. Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the intellect for which a monopoly is assigned to designated owners by law.

      A monopoly (from Greek μόνος mónos ["alone" or "single"] and πωλεῖν pōleîn ["to sell"]) exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity.

    1. whereas women in the world of plants and animals in the world and the world's peoples are by nature beautiful and tender.

      What about Lions?

  5. Jun 2017
    1. long flowing hairs that are neatly tied into a bun that is coiled with a tuft to the right, a beard, a handlebar moustache and a tilak on his forehead.[15]

      Relates to why the preservation of "kes" or hair is so important.

      Every holy figure in ancient mythology had natural, long flowing hair - written accounts.

      E.g. Jesus, Buddha, Sikh Gurus (still it is considered a cardinal sin to remove any hair from head to toe in Sikhi), Prophet Muhammad etc.

      Significance of this? - “Our hair fashions might be just a trend, but if we investigate, we may find that we have been depriving ourselves of one of the most valuable sources of energy for human vitality.” -Yogi Bhajan

    1. The Phillips curve is a single-equation empirical model, named after William Phillips, describing a historical inverse relationship between rates of unemployment and corresponding rates of inflation that result within an economy. Stated simply, decreased unemployment, (i.e., increased levels of employment) in an economy will correlate with higher rates of inflation.

      the chart Phillips used to demonstrate this effect was one of the first examples of drawing a timeline through a scatter plot of 2 variables. Another example (featured in Alberto Cairo's The Functional Art): https://static01.nyt.com/images/2010/05/02/business/02metrics/02metrics-popup-v3.jpg

    1. milar to, but more closely aligned than, cooperation. Most collaboration requires leadership, although the form of leadership can be social within a decentralized and egalitarian group.[2] Teams that work collabo

      How do you use collaboration?

    1. Interpretations that relate justice to a reciprocal relationship to society are mediated by differences in cultural traditions, some of which emphasize the individual responsibility toward society and others the equilibrium between access to power and its responsible use.[10] Hence, social justice is invoked today while reinterpreting historical figures such as Bartolomé de las Casas,

      This is an interesting way to look at the way the world handles Social Justice and its beginnings as a philosophy

    1. The Wiener–Khinchin theorem, (or Wiener – Khintchine theorem or Khinchin – Kolmogorov theorem), states that the power spectral density of a wide-sense-stationary random process is the Fourier transform of the corresponding autocorrelation function.
    2. iener's Tauberian theorem, a 1932 result of Wiener, developed Tauberian theorems in summability theory, on the face of it a chapter of real analysis, by showing that most of the known results could be encapsulated in a principle taken from harmonic analysis. In its present formulation, the theorem of Wiener does not have any obvious association with Tauberian theorems, which deal with infinite series; the translation from results formulated for integrals, or using the language of functional analysis and Banach algebras, is however a relatively routine process.
    3. Consequently, the one-dimensional version of Brownian motion was named the Wiener process. It is the best known of the Lévy processes, càdlàg stochastic processes with stationary statistically independent increments, and occurs frequently in pure and applied mathematics, physics and economics (e.g. on the stock-market).
    4. What emerged was a mathematical theory of great generality---a theory for predicting the future as best as one can on the basis of incomplete information about the past. It was a statistical theory that included applications that didn't strictly speaking predict the future, but only tried to remove noise. It made use of Wiener's earlier work on integral equations and Fourier transforms.[22] [23]
    5. In the mathematical field of probability, the "Wiener sausage" is a neighborhood of the trace of a Brownian motion up to a time t, given by taking all points within a fixed distance of Brownian motion. It can be visualized as a cylinder of fixed radius the centerline of which is Brownian motion.
    6. Wiener was an early studier of stochastic and mathematical noise processes, contributing work relevant to electronic engineering, electronic communication, and control systems. It was Wiener's idea to model a signal as if it were an exotic type of noise, giving it a sound mathematical basis.
    7. The Norbert Wiener Award for Social and Professional Responsibility awarded annually by CPSR, was established in 1987 in honor of Wiener to recognize contributions by computer professionals to socially responsible use of computers.
    8. The Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics was endowed in 1967 in honor of Norbert Wiener by MIT's mathematics department and is provided jointly by the American Mathematical Society and Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
    9. After the war, Wiener became increasingly concerned with what he believed was political interference with scientific research, and the militarization of science. His article "A Scientist Rebels" for the January 1947 issue of The Atlantic Monthly[15] urged scientists to consider the ethical implications of their work. After the war, he refused to accept any government funding or to work on military projects. The way Wiener's beliefs concerning nuclear weapons and the Cold War contrasted with those of John von Neumann is the major theme of the book John Von Neumann and Norbert Wiener.[16][citation needed]
    10. During World War II, his work on the automatic aiming and firing of anti-aircraft guns caused Wiener to investigate information theory independently of Claude Shannon and to invent the Wiener filter. (To him is due the now standard practice of modeling an information source as a random process—in other words, as a variety of noise.)
    11. Many tales, perhaps apocryphal, were told of him at MIT, especially concerning his absent-mindedness. It was said that he returned home once to find his house empty. He inquired of a neighborhood girl the reason, and she said that the family had moved elsewhere that day. He thanked her for the information and she replied, "That's why I stayed behind, Daddy!"[9]
    12. Wiener is considered the originator of cybernetics, a formalization of the notion of feedback, with implications for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, neuroscience, philosophy, and the organization of society.
    1. made use of echinoderm embryonic cells to address the mechanisms of cytokinesis in animal cells, experiments that focused on understanding how the cytokinetic furrow is positioned, and understanding the nature of the stimulus from the mitotic spindle that induced cortical furrowing.

      even more important stuff

    2. He did pioneering research using physical manipulations of cells to understand the mechanisms of cytokinesis, the process by which a cell's cytoplasm is divided in two.

      more important stuff

    3. . Rappaport held several administrative positions at the MDI Biological Laboratory, including director (1956–1959), trustee, and president of the corporation (1979–1981).[1][3] Rappaport also architecturally designed some of the buildings at the laboratory, including several cottages, laboratory buildings, and the dining hall.[4][3]

      important

    1. This rate is 100 times faster than any changes in ocean acidity in the last 20 million years, making it unlikely that marine life can somehow adapt to the changes
    1. phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis in the nonimmune host. The unencapsulated strains are almost always less invasive; they can, however, produce an inflammatory response in humans, which can lead to many symptoms. Vaccination with Hib conjugate vaccine is effective in preventing Hib infection, but does not prevent infection with NTHi strains.[4]

      Haemophilus virulence factors

    1. Motile via flagella at 30 °C and below, but usually not at 37 °C,[4] L. monocytogenes can instead move within eukaryotic cells by explosive polymerization of actin filaments (known as comet tails or actin rockets).

      virulence

    1. Fluoroquinolones, and a newer macrolide antibiotic such as clarithromycin or a tetracycline like doxycycline, are used in those who have severe allergies to penicillins.[49] Because of increasing resistance to amoxicillin the 2012 guideline of the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends amoxicillin-clavulanate as the initial treatment of choice for bacterial sinusitis.[50] The guidelines also recommend against other commonly used antibiotics, including azithromycin, clarithromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, because of growing drug resistance. The FDA recommends against the use of fluoroquinolones when other options are available due to higher risks of serious side effects.[51]

      Talks about additional antibiotic treatment, also possible resistances

    2. if symptoms do not resolve within 10 days, amoxicillin is a reasonable antibiotic to use first for treatment

      Antibiotics used only for cases of bacterial sinusitis, also antibtiocis aren't needed for mild cases

    3. Recommended treatments for most cases of sinusitis include rest and drinking enough water to thin the mucus.[44] Antibiotics are not recommended for most cases.[44] Breathing low-temperature steam such as from a hot shower or gargling can relieve symptoms.[44][45] There is tentative evidence for nasal irrigation.[4] Decongestant nasal sprays containing oxymetazoline may provide relief, but these medications should not be used for more than the recommended period. Longer use may cause rebound sinusitis.[46] It is unclear if nasal irrigation, antihistamines, or decongestants work in children with acute sinusitis.[

      This is more for treating symptoms of sinusitis, but I thought this may be relevant

    4. the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.[27] Until recently, Haemophilus influenzae was the most common bacterial agent to cause sinus infections. However, introduction of the H. influenza type B (Hib) vaccine has dramatically decreased H. influenza type B infections and now non-typable H. influenza (NTHI) are predominantly seen in clinics. Other sinusitis-causing bacterial pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and other streptococci species, anaerobic bacteria and, less commonly, gram negative bacteria.

      list of possible organisms that cause disease

  6. May 2017
    1. The pathogenesis of H. influenzae infections is not completely understood, although the presence of the capsule in encapsulated type b (Hib), a serotype causing conditions such as epiglottitis, is known to be a major factor in virulence. Their capsule allows them to resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis in the nonimmune host. The unencapsulated strains are almost always less invasive; they can, however, produce an inflammatory response in humans, which can lead to many symptoms.

      Virulence of Haemophilus

    1. The Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History houses Martha, the last passenger pigeon and a some collections still have Great Auk specimens, a bird species that went extinct in 1844.[1]

      This reminds me of a book I read...

    2. Due to their composite nature, taxidermy specimens require special care and conservation treatments for the different materials.

      This is a particularly insightful comment about the nature of organic specimens.

    1. β-lactams inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) in the absence of cell wall assembly.[9] Due to the mechanism of their attack on bacterial cell wall synthesis, β-lactams are considered to be bactericidal.

      mechanism of action

    1. β-lactam antibiotics are bacteriocidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms, being the outermost and primary component of the wall.
    1. Most S. marcescens strains are resistant to several antibiotics because of the presence of R-factors, which are a type of plasmid that carry one or more genes that encode resistance; all are considered intrinsically resistant to ampicillin, macrolides, and first-generation cephalosporins (such as cephalexin)

      Antibiotic Resistance

    2. S. marcescens is a motile organism and can grow in temperatures ranging from 5–40 °C and in pH levels ranging from 5 to 9. It is differentiated from other Gram-negative bacteria by its ability to perform casein hydrolysis, which allows it to produce extracellular metalloproteinases which are believed to function in cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. S. marcescens also exhibits tryptophan and citrate degradation.

      Growth in Lab

    1. Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics has become a particular problem in recent decades, as strains of bacteria that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases have become more common.[55] These beta-lactamase enzymes make many, if not all, of the penicillins and cephalosporins ineffective as therapy

      Antibiotic resistence

    2. In stool samples, microscopy will show gram-negative rods, with no particular cell arrangement. Then, either MacConkey agar or EMB agar (or both) are inoculated with the stool. On MacConkey agar, deep red colonies are produced, as the organism is lactose-positive, and fermentation of this sugar will cause the medium's pH to drop, leading to darkening of the medium. Growth on EMB agar produces black colonies with a greenish-black metallic sheen. This is diagnostic of E. coli. The organism is also lysine positive, and grows on TSI slant with a (A/A/g+/H2S-) profile. Also, IMViC is {+ + – -} for E. coli; as it is indole-positive (red ring) and methyl red-positive (bright red), but VP-negative (no change-colourless) and citrate-negative (no change-green colour).

      Lab tests

    1. E. coli O157:H7 infection often causes severe, acute hemorrhagic diarrhea (although nonhemorrhagic diarrhea is also possible) and abdominal cramps. Usually little or no fever is present, and the illness resolves in five to 10 days. It can also be asymptomatic.

      Symptoms

    1. DNA gyrase has two subunits, which in turn have two subunits each, i.e. 2A and 2B subunits. The A and B subunits together bind to DNA, hydrolyze ATP, and introduce negative supertwists. The A subunit carries out nicking of DNA, B subunit introduces negative supercoils, and then A subunit reseals the strands. Fluoroquinolones bind to the A subunit and interfere with its strand cutting and resealing function.

      mechanism of action - fluoroquinolones (including ciproflaxin)

    1. Azithromycin prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus inhibiting translation of mRNA. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected.[18]

      Mechanism of action

    1. he bacteria must then adhere to the gut enterocytes and can then induce diarrhea by toxin release. C. jejuni releases several different toxins, mainly enterotoxin and cytotoxins, which vary from strain to strain and correlate with the severity of the enteritis.

      Releases toxins that make us sick

    1. Technological unemployment

      I plan to use this source to provide more statistics and more support for the bleak outlook of low to medium income jobs. I could also use this source as a introduction to the concern of technological growth to some higher income jobs. Although I probably won't use the majority of the information on this article, I might also discuss some of the historical trends of technological unemployment and compare it to what's happening now.

    2. Technological unemployment

      Although this article is very broad and includes a lot of information, the main purpose of this article is to describe the history of technological unemployment and bring awareness to the reader to all the different kinds of technology unemployment that occurred and is occurring, it includes a lot of information about our current state and includes lots of surveys and statistics on the overall outlook of jobs in American then, now, and in the future. It also interesting includes some solutions to some of the issues towards the end of the article.

    3. Former U.S. Treasury Secretary and Harvard economics professor Lawrence Summers stated in 2014 that he no longer believed automation would always create new jobs and that "This isn't some hypothetical future possibility. This is something that's emerging before us right now."

      This would be relevant to my inquiry because the quote is coming from a former U.S. treasury secretary and Harvard economics professor. With those kinds of titles you would think that they would have a lot of knowledge on what they are talking about it’s also worth pointing out that he changed his option recently, that he did not always feel this way about technology. It's another kind of alarming quote that may strike another nerve with the reader.

    4. In 2012 co-founder of Sun Microsystems Vinod Khosla predicted that 80% of medical doctors jobs would be lost in the next two decades to automated machine learning medical diagnostic software.[33]

      This quote would be relevant to my inquiry because it shows that advancing technology won't just replace middle or low income laborers but also high skill, high income medical doctors. According to the article it is coming from co-founder of Sun Microsystems (the creators of the Java platform) Vinod Khosla which would be a fairly reliable source.

    5. Concerns have included evidence showing worldwide falls in employment across sectors such as manufacturing; falls in pay for low and medium skilled workers stretching back several decades even as productivity continues to rise; the increase in often precarious platform mediated employment; and the occurrence of "jobless recoveries" after recent recessions.

      This quote is relevant to my inquiry because it provides support on how both low and medium skilled workers will soon be out of a job due to advancements in technology. Since there are many citizens in the United States who only have low and medium skillsets, this will become a major issue because they will soon be scrambling to get a job, that or a college education which might be hard to get for Americans who are on a fixed income.

    1. There is no scientific evidence supporting the concept of adrenal fatigue and it is not recognized as a diagnosis by the medical community.[1][2] A systematic review found no substantiative evidence for the term adrenal fatigue, confirming the general consensus among endocrinological societies that it is a myth.
    1. Secreted proteins are of major importance for the pathogenesis of infectious diseases caused by Salmonella enterica. A remarkable large number of fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins are present in Salmonella, and mediate biofilm formation and contact to host cells. Secreted proteins are also involved in host cell invasion and intracellular proliferation, two hallmarks of Salmonella pathogenesis.[4]

      Salmonwella enterica virulence factors - secreted proteins --> host cell invasion, intracellular proliferation fimbrial & non-fimbrial adhesins --> biofilm

    1. outlets

      Two points made late in the piece should be moved or echoed in the lead paragraph:

      1. Authors failed to consider nature of "conflict" and whether it was actually conflict,
      2. It's to late to get the story right in the popular press.
    1. On March 20, 2017, during public testimony to the House Intelligence Committee, FBI director James Comey confirmed the existence of an FBI investigation into Russian interference and Russian links to the Trump campaign, including the question of whether there had been any coordination between the campaign and the Russians.[24] He said the investigation began in July 2016 and was "still in its early stages".[25] Comey made the unusual decision to reveal the ongoing investigation to Congress, citing benefit to the public good.[93]

      Comey's public confirmation of a FBI investigation.

    1. Infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is emerging as an important challenge in health-care settings.[11] One of many CREs is carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Over the past 10 years, a progressive increase in CRKP has been seen worldwide; however, this new emerging nosocomial pathogen is probably best known for an outbreak in Israel that began around 2006 within the healthcare system there.

      public health

    2. If the specific Klebsiella in a particular patient does not show antibiotic resistance, then the antibiotics used to treat such susceptible isolates include ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanate, ceftazidime, cefepime, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, meropenem, and ertapenem. Some experts recommend the use of meropenem for patients with ESBL-producing Klebsiella. The claim is that meropenem produces the best bacterial clearing.

      treatment if patient does not present with antibiotic resistance

    3. A number of mechanisms cause carbapenem resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae. These include hyperproduction of ampC beta-lactamase with an outer membrane porin mutation, CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with a porin mutation or drug efflux, and carbapenemase production. The most important mechanism of resistance by CRKP is the production of a carbapenemase enzyme, blakpc. The gene that encodes the blakpc enzyme is carried on a mobile piece of genetic material (a transposon; the specific transposon involved is called Tn4401), which increases the risk for dissemination. CRE can be difficult to detect because some strains that harbor blakpc have minimum inhibitory concentrations that are elevated, but still within the susceptible range for carbapenems. Because these strains are susceptible to carbapenems, they are not identified as potential clinical or infection control risks using standard susceptibility testing guidelines. Patients with unrecognized CRKP colonization have been reservoirs for transmission during nosocomial outbreaks. Depending on the type of infection and the mode of infectivity, cells of Klebsiella spp. may adhere and attack upper respiratory tract epithelial cells, cells in gastrointestinal tract, endothelial cells, or uroepithelial cells, followed by colonization of mucosal membranes (phac-aspc.gc.ca).[15]

      mechanism for carbapenem resistance.

    4. Klebsiella organisms are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Current evidence implicates plasmids as the primary source of the resistance genes.[9] Klebsiella species with the ability to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are resistant to many classes of antibiotics. The most frequent are resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.[10]

      antibiotic resistance

    5. As a general rule, Klebsiella infections are seen mostly in people with a weakened immune system. Most often, illness affects middle-aged and older men with debilitating diseases. This patient population is believed to have impaired respiratory host defenses, including persons with diabetes, alcoholism, malignancy, liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, glucocorticoid therapy, renal failure, and certain occupational exposures (such as papermill workers). Many of these infections are obtained when a person is in the hospital for some other reason (a nosocomial infection). Feces are the most significant source of patient infection, followed by contact with contaminated instruments.[citation needed]

      most commonly affect people with weakened immune system, men, etc.

    1. He created a new type of deodorant to get rid of bad odors[6] and also promoted morning and evening baths and emphasized the maintenance of personal hygiene. Ziryab is thought to have invented an early toothpaste, which he popularized throughout Islamic Iberia.[11] The exact ingredients of this toothpaste are not currently known,[12] but it was reported to have been both "functional and pleasant to taste.".[11]

      So apparently a 9th century Arabic rock star invented deodorant.

    1. Identification[edit] Test Results Gram Stain - Oxidase + Indole Production - Methyl Red - Voges-Proskaeur - Citrate + Hydrogen Sulfide Production - Urea Hydrolysis + Phenylalanine Deaminase - Lysine Decarboxylase - Motility + Gelatin Hydrolysis + Acid from lactose - acid from glucose - acid from maltose - acid from mannitol + acid from sucrose - nitrate reduction + DNAse - Lipase + Pigment + (bluish green pigmentation) Catalase +

      All important lab tests

    1. We should make spending transparent, publish a detailed account of what the money is being spent on and answer any reasonable questions asking for more details.