failure to produce theory as we know it

To reduce music history to a pageant of masters is, at bottom, lazy. We stick with the known in order to avoid the hard work of exploring the unknown.

Although all humans may feel guilty from time to time, a person ought to avoid fully embracing him- or herself as inherently corrupt, as this attitude only invites further misbehavior.

"Polman's corporate social responsibility agenda certainly did gripe with a number of investors and so we shall watch with interest to see if continuity persists in this arena; we would expect evolution rather than revolution though," Clive Black, the head of research at UK stockbrokers Shore Capital, says. Jefferies' Deboo agrees there will be some changes – and argues Jope should look to do so. "My logic would be it would be hard not to be less sustainability-focused than Polman. Polman was the absolute high priest. My sense of Jope is that he comes across as this sort of, straight-up, affable guy, who looks to me to be more of a commercial pragmatist. My sense is you'll probably see it dialled down. That's my instinct," Deboo says. "It may be my personal prejudice but I think it had gone too far anyway. Not only was it alienating shareholders but I also think the marketing execution at Unilever had become far too leaden and earnest and purpose-driven. The Sustainable Living Plan was squeezing the joy out of the marketing, in my view. I would hope that Jope would dial that back a bit."

After a full day of teaching at Boston College, Karen Arnold had to find time to read her students’ contributions to an online discussion board. Each was required to write at least one post, and, as usual, they seemed to have waited to do it until the night before the deadline. “They would just blather something,” said Arnold, who teaches higher education and educational administration. “They didn’t have a conversation. It was more like a hoop-jumping exercise.” That was around 2008, and Arnold has avoided assigning online discussions ever since. Student and instructor at Bronx Community College (Photo by Ryan Brenizer) Like other faculty with memories of failed experiments such as these, she’s pushing back against the widespread notion that technology can necessarily improve teaching and cut costs. “We are fooling ourselves that we’re getting more efficient,” she said. Related: MOOC bandwagon shows signs of slowing down It’s been a high-stakes bet. Universities and colleges are marketing themselves to tech-savvy teenagers while promising higher productivity and financial savings. They will pour $10.4 billion into education technology this year, according to the Center for Digital Education, from computers to in-class gadgets such as digital projectors and wireless “clickers” that let students answer questions electronically. “We are fooling ourselves that we’re getting more efficient.” Karen Arnold, Boston College But professors say they don’t have enough help to use this technology effectively, haven’t seen results from it, and fear that the cost savings administrators keep insisting that technology will bring could mean their own careers are on the line. That’s left many in the university ranks rolling their eyes when the next “innovation” pops up. “We’ve been hearing over the last four or five years that technology is going to reduce costs, increase quality and increase access,” said Diane Harley, director of the Higher Education in the Digital Age project at University of California, Berkeley. She doesn’t think it can do all three of those things. “I always say, pick two.” Not that professors have completely resisted the trend. Nearly 75 percent have tried a new technology in their classes in the past year, according to a survey of 1,600 of them by Faculty Focus, a newsletter that shares effective teaching practices. Yet 34 percent said keeping up with technology was either “moderately” or “very” problematic. Related: As online courses expand, so do questions about ownership One of the most common complaints from faculty is that much of this technology creates more work, not less, a survey of 42 professors by David R. Johnson, a sociology researcher at Rice University, found. One of the reasons for this inefficiency is that professors adopt educational technology from companies that market it to them directly, even when their universities aren’t equipped to troubleshoot or upgrade it, said Gary W. Matkin, dean of continuing education, distance learning, and summer session at the University of California, Irvine. Then, when something even better comes along, faculty and universities chase after that. “It produces this technology war,” said Matkin. He thinks more universities will eventually switch to the model used by many corporations in which only certain technology is allowed. That way they’ll be better able to manage it — and track the results. Related: Want higher-ed reform? You may be surprised where you’ll find it Many schools have used this model to adopt the wireless clickers — or “student response systems” — in large classrooms. Allowing students to use the TV remote-style clickers to collectively answer questions can keep them engaged in lecture classes, according to a study at Canisius College, which found that student grades increased by 4.7 percent in classes that used clickers. But the technology’s impact goes only so far. In another study released this year, by Butler University professor Juan Pablo Rodriquez Prieto, language students who took clicker-based quizzes performed about 4.5 percent worse than classmates who used pencil and paper. Clare O’Connor, a Boston College biology professor who teaches several large classes and uses clickers regularly, agrees that they have limitations. She doesn’t use them for quizzes or tests, she said. “I like students to have the opportunities to change their answers,” she said. “If students have to answer when a question appears on the screen, you eliminate the possibility of more reflective answers.” One way schools have tried to lower the cost of education is by using another kind of technology: online courses. Yet even after teaching English online for 15 years, Wright State University-Lake Campus’ Martin Kich believes in-person courses offer students far more. Related: Colleges take cues from private business to improve their customer service He said he has to assign what he calls “busy work” to online classes simply to check that students are completing assignments, since there’s no opportunity to gather and discuss. “Academically, they are very suspect,” Kich said of online courses. Instead of lectures, online courses often use PowerPoint to present material. But studies have found that students, when given the ability to see lectures via PowerPoint — both online and in person — slack on doing their own assigned reading. “Students perceive the teachers will highlight all of the material worth considering in the textbook,” University of Central Missouri professor Thomas M. Mitchell wrote in a study of the use of PowerPoint in classes. “Unfortunately, students accept this efficient and time-saving system as a normal way of learning and disregard reading as an effective method of acquiring information.” As for Arnold, she abandoned discussion boards until her university upgraded to Canvas — an online learning management system — and encouraged professors to use it starting this year. After getting student feedback, she assigned two students to moderate the discussion board each week, filling it with questions that would drive conversation. At the start of class, the two students recap the results, saving Arnold the need to keep daily tabs on the board. “The good and bad thing about technology is it will do anything,” she said. But “you have to have time at the expense of other things you could be doing to figure it out.”   This story was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news website focused on inequality and innovation in education. This article was originally published on The Heching Report and authored by Ryan Derousseau. Read the original article. Spread the love

I am creating and envisioning a possibility that others may not see or may not have the confidence to direct. That possibility is going to open so many doors for me.

There is a lot of complexity in where one’s free speech ends and another’s begins. What if activismmeans banning speech you do not want to hear? What would be the short term and lasting implications ifall our demands for silencing voices and removing symbols we find offensive were totally met? How canwe help students understand the complexity of issues surrounding free speech?

The presence of dry midtropospheric air may thus serve to help permit the buildup of buoyant energy for subsequent episodes of deep convection, such as associated with the onset of the Madden–Julian oscillation.

What is surprising about The Birthday Party is that, even if it leaves much unexplained, it still boasts familiar landmarks. It has a traditional three-act structure. It is also full of mystery and suspense.

n essence, it is a collectiveunderstanding of the way the world works, shared by members of a group and passed downfrom one generation to the next.

Individualists are more likely to define themselves interms of an independent self. This means that people see themselves as A) being a uniqueindividual with a stable collection of personal traits, and B) that these traits drive behavior.

The change of clothes had, some philosophers will say, muchto do with it. Vain trifles as they seem, clothes have, they say, moreimportant offices than merely to keep us warm. They change our view ofthe world and the world's view of us. For example, when Captain Bartolussaw Orlando's skirt, he had an awning stretched for her immediately,pressed her to take another slice of beef, and invited her to go ashorewith him in the long-boat. These compliments would certainly not havebeen paid her had her skirts, instead of flowing, been cut tight to herlegs in the fashion of breeches. And when we are paid compliments, itbehoves us to make some return. Orlando curtseyed; she complied; sheflattered the good man's humours as she would not have done had his neatbreeches been a woman's skirts, and his braided coat a woman's satinbodice. Thus, there is much to support the view that it is clothes thatwear us and not we them; we may make them take the mould of arm orbreast, but they mould our hearts, our brains, our tongues to theirliking.

Vannevar Bush’s Memex.

Chemical bonds form when electrons can be simultaneously close to two or more nuclei, but beyond this, there is no simple, easily understood theory that would not only explain why atoms bind together to form molecules, but would also predict the three-dimensional structures of the resulting compounds as well as the energies and other properties of the bonds themselves. Unfortunately, no one theory exists that accomplishes these goals in a satisfactory way for all of the many categories of compounds that are known. Moreover, it seems likely that if such a theory does ever come into being, it will be far from simple. When we are faced with a scientific problem of this complexity, experience has shown that it is often more useful to concentrate instead on developing models. A scientific model is something like a theory in that it should be able to explain observed phenomena and to make useful predictions. But whereas a theory can be discredited by a single contradictory case, a model can be useful even if it does not encompass all instances of the phenomena it attempts to explain. We do not even require that a model be a credible representation of reality; all we ask is that be able to explain the behavior of those cases to which it is applicable in terms that are consistent with the model itself. An example of a model that you may already know about is the kinetic molecular theory of gases. Despite its name, this is really a model (at least at the level that beginning students use it) because it does not even try to explain the observed behavior of real gases. Nevertheless, it serves as a tool for developing our understanding of gases, and as a starting point for more elaborate treatments. Given the extraordinary variety of ways in which atoms combine into aggregates, it should come as no surprise that a number of useful bonding models have been developed. Most of them apply only to certain classes of compounds, or attempt to explain only a restricted range of phenomena. In this section we will provide brief descriptions of some of the bonding models; the more important of these will be treated in much more detail in later parts of this chapter. Ionic Bonding Ever since the discovery early in the 19th century that solutions of salts and other electrolytes conduct electric current, there has been general agreement that the forces that hold atoms together must be electrical in nature. Electrolytic solutions contain ions having opposite electrical charges, opposite charges attract, so perhaps the substances from which these ions come consist of positive and negatively charged atoms held together by electrostatic attraction. It turns out that this is not true generally, but a model built on this assumption does a fairly good job of explaining a rather small but important class of compounds that are called ionic solids. The most well known example of such a compound is sodium chloride, which consists of two interpenetrating lattices of Na+ and Cl– ions arranged in such as way that every ion of one type is surrounded (in three dimensional space) by six ions of opposite charge. The main limitation of this model is that it applies really well only to the small class of solids composed of Group 1 and 2 elements with highly electronegative elements such as the halogens. Although compounds such as CuCl2 dissociate into ions when they dissolve in water, the fundamental units making up the solid are more like polymeric chains of covalently-bound CuCl2 molecules that have little ionic character. According to the ionic electrostatic model, solids such as NaCl consist of positive and negative ions arranged in a crystal lattice. Each ion is attracted to neighboring ions of opposite charge, and is repelled by ions of like charge; this combination of attractions and repulsions, acting in all directions, causes the ion to be tightly fixed in its own location in the crystal lattice. Since electrostatic forces are nondirectional, the structure of an ionic solid is determined purely by geometry: two kinds of ions, each with its own radius, will fall into whatever repeating pattern will achieve the lowest possible potential energy. Surprisingly, there are only a small number of possible structures Covalent Bonding This model originated with the theory developed by G.N. Lewis in 1916, and it remains the most widely-used model of chemical bonding. The essential element s of this model can best be understood by examining the simplest possible molecule. This is the hydrogen molecule ion H2+, which consists of two nuclei and one electron. First, however, think what would happen if we tried to make the even simpler molecule H22+. Since this would consist only of two protons whose electrostatic charges would repel each other at all distances, it is clear that such a molecule cannot exist; something more than two nuclei are required for bonding to occur. In the hydrogen molecule ion H2+ we have a third particle, an electron. The effect of this electron will depend on its location with respect to the two nuclei. If the electron is in the space between the two nuclei, it will attract both protons toward itself, and thus toward each other. If the total attraction energy exceeds the internuclear repulsion, there will be a net bonding effect and the molecule will be stable. If, on the other hand, the electron is off to one side, it will attract both nuclei, but it will attract the closer one much more strongly, owing to the inverse-square nature of Coulomb's law. As a consequence, the electron will now help the electrostatic repulsion to push the two nuclei apart. We see, then, that the electron is an essential component of a chemical bond, but that it must be in the right place: between the two nuclei. Coulomb's law can be used to calculate the forces experienced by the two nuclei for various positions of the electron. This allows us to define two regions of space about the nuclei, as shown in the figure. One region, the binding region, depicts locations at which the electron exerts a net binding effect on the new nuclei. Outside of this, in the antibinding region, the electron will actually work against binding. This simple picture illustrates the number one rule of chemical bonding: chemical bonds form when electrons can be simultaneously close to two or more nuclei. It should be pointed out that this principle applies also to the ionic model; as will be explained later in this chapter, the electron that is "lost" by a positive ion ends up being closer to more nuclei (including the one from whose electron cloud it came) in the compound. The polar covalent model: A purely covalent bond can only be guaranteed when the electronegativities (electron-attracting powers) of the two atoms are identical. When atoms having different electronegativities are joined, the electrons shared between them will be displaced toward the more electronegative atom, conferring a polarity on the bond which can be described in terms of percent ionic character. The polar covalent model is thus an generalization of covalent bonding to include a very wide range of behavior. The Coulombic model: This is an extension of the ionic model to compounds that are ordinarily considered to be non-ionic. Combined hydrogen is always considered to exist as the hydride ion H–, so that methane can be treated as if it were C4+ H–4. This is not as bizarre as it might seem at first if you recall that the proton has almost no significant size, so that it is essentially embedded in an electron pair when it is joined to another atom in a covalent bond. This model, which is not as well known as it deserves to be, has considerable predictive power, both as to bond energies and structures. The VSEPR model: The "valence shell electron repulsion" model is not so much a model of chemical bonding as a scheme for explaining the shapes of molecules. It is based on the quantum mechanical view that bonds represent electron clouds- physical regions of negative electric charge that repel each other and thus try to stay as far apart as possible. Summary The covalent bond is formed when two atoms are able to share electrons: whereas the ionic bond is formed when the "sharing" is so unequal that an electron from atom A is completely lost to atom B, resulting in a pair of ions: The two extremes of electron sharing represented by the covalent and ionic models appear to be generally consistent with the observed properties of molecular and ionic solids and liquids. But does this mean that there are really two kinds of chemical bonds, ionic and covalent? Contributors Stephen Lower, Professor Emeritus (Simon Fraser U.) 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The formula tells which elements and how many of each element are present in a...3.4: An Atomic-Level Perspective of Elements and CompoundsMetals (particularly those in groups 1 and 2) tend to lose the number of electrons that would leave them with the same number of electrons as in the p...3.5: Ionic Compounds: Formulas and NamesChemists use nomenclature rules to clearly name compounds. Ionic and molecular compounds are named using somewhat-different methods. Binary ionic comp...3.6: Molecular Compounds: Formulas and NamesMolecular compounds can form compounds with different ratios of their elements, so prefixes are used to specify the numbers of atoms of each element i... 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about how we as educators think about inequality, and how our framings impact our choices.

The camera hound of the future wears on his forehead a lump a little larger than a walnut. It takes pictures 3 millimeters square, later to be projected or enlarged, which after all involves only a factor of 10 beyond present practice. The lens is of universal focus, down to any distance accommodated by the unaided eye, simply because it is of short focal length. There is a built-in photocell on the walnut such as we now have on at least one camera, which automatically adjusts exposure for a wide range of illumination. There is film in the walnut for a hundred exposures, and the spring for operating its shutter and shifting its film is wound once for all when the film clip is inserted. It produces its result in full color.

A record if it is to be useful to science, must be continuously extended, it must be stored, and above all it must be consulted. Today we make the record conventionally by writing and photography, followed by printing; but we also record on film, on wax disks, and on magnetic wires.

the standards are framed around what educators see as critical skills and behaviors for students now and in the future

t is not to be expected that this process should be strictlypursued before every moral judgment or every legislative orjudicial operation. But it can be always kept in view; andthe nearer the process actually pursued on these occasionscome to it, the nearer they will come to exactness

Repeat the above process with respect to each personwhose interests appear to be concerned; and then sum theresults. If this balance is on the side of pleasure, that is theover-all good tendency of the act with respect to the interestsof the community; if on the side of pain, its over-all badtendency.

gorgeous

By their first birthday, children can distinguish faces by gender. By their second birthday,they can label others’ gender and even sort objects into gender-typed categories. By the thirdbirthday, children can consistently identify their own gender

video

For example, in developed countries children begin school around 5 or 6 years old, but in developing countries, like Nigeria, children often enter school at an advanced age, if at all (Huebler, 2005; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization [UNESCO], 2013).

Engelbart insisted that effective intellectual augmentation was always realized within a system, and that any intervention intended to accelerate intellectual augmentation must be understood as an intervention in a system. And while at many points the 1962 report emphasizes the individual knowledge worker, there is also the idea of sharing the context of one’s work (an idea Vannevar Bush had also described in “As We May Think”), the foundation of Engelbart’s lifelong view that a crucial way to accelerate intellectual augmentation was to think together more comprehensively and effectively. One might even rewrite Engelbart’s words above to say, “We do not speak of isolated clever individuals with knowledge of particular domains. We refer to a way of life in an integrated society where poets, musicians, dreamers, and visionaries usefully co-exist with engineers, scientists, executives, and governmental leaders.” Make your own list.

all may not be as it seems and so I ask you think as you read this.

did notice that from a young age that she was different. Dionna always preferred to play with animals than talk to people, but I figured it was because she just loved them. All her life, I have seen Dionna as a vibrant and happy little girl with a love for learning. I even stayed home from work for her first four years of life so I could teach her. Her thirst for knowledge was often greater than what school could give her. She liked to sit at the table and do work, but adored when we would go outside for hands-on learning. Maybe that was my mistake, letting her choose her own path. It may have hurt her in the long run. I knew about her being ostracized by her classmates in kindergarten and the bullying in elementary school. I honestly thought that the situation would mend itself or that eventually the kids would grow up and see the Dionna I knew. She got teased and tormented often while being called a nerd or a geek, but I saw her as a girl who just had so many questions about the world that she often blurted animal facts or created random math problems. To this day, she almost always has her nose covered in a book. However, I never noticed that as she got older, she got quieter.  In school, she often knew a lot of information about her classmates and spoke a lot about them, yet she never mentioned being invited to outings and parties. She had never created a close friendship. I often got along with the other mothers in school and when they happily invited her to their children’s events she would tense up. Going to parties, she would cling by my side and only drift away to play with the family pet or get food. To me, Dionna was always fun and outgoing, but now looking back I am not so sure anymore. When she entered her teenage years, she became homeschooled and I thought it was because she wanted to excel in school. It turns out that she just never connected to others. She saw staying at home and doing her work as a relief instead of being with her peers. They had bullied and excluded her from so many activities and never bothered to understand her that she decided to leave. I had been pushing those thoughts to the back of my head and it’s heartrending to discover that my worst nightmares are true. I would have never thought that this would have happened to her. Luckily, once she went to college things changed immensely for the better. I still didn’t know about her problems with socializing until recently, but I do remember she would talk more enthusiastically about school and her smiles seemed to be genuine. She would talk about having lunch with friends, talking about their majors, helping each other with assignments, and their inside jokes. Dionna really came out of her shell and blossomed with these new friends.  She even started to spend time with friends outside of school. All her life, I had seen her only develop close relationships with animals and enjoy time with her pets. Now she has really come into her own person. She has a sense of balance. Yes, animals will always be her favorite because she feels as if they never judge and looked through her instead of at her, but she no longer uses them as a crutch to avoid people.  She now has friends that really appreciate her and understand her unique style. Dionna no longer has to hide her true personality and feels completely comfortable in her skin. I recently discovered that she used to not participate in class due to feeling too shy to talk, but that is no longer the case.  I recently read her autoethnography because I usually read her schoolwork, especially her interesting assignments. That is how I discovered her socialization problems. It is unfortunate in this world that children often judge too quickly. Even though she is my daughter, as her mother I hope that she continues to find wonderful people in the world that make her feel as special as I think she is. She deserves to meet kind, loving, and respectful people and I wish her all the best.

claimed that “a better, cheaper and more effective service for the commuter” beckoned. Rail fares: unions and Labour condemn 'staggering' increase Read more Fast forward 25 years, and commuters are facing average fare hikes of 3.4% – with season tickets jumping by 3.6%: the biggest increase since 2013. And this, in a county where workers have suffered the longest squeeze in wages in generations. While the cheapest single ticket to the capital will cost a British commuter 50p per mile, German passengers are paying just 19p a mile. According to TUC research, British passengers commuting from Chelmsford to London are shelling out 13% of their salary on travel; a French worker travelling from Étampes to Paris will see only 2% of their wage packet eaten up by the cost. And for so many Britons, their miserable lot is paying extortionate sums for an overcrowded commute, pressed against the bodies of other understandably grumpy passengers. Government plans to consider linking future price hikes to a lower level of inflation is a woefully inadequate response. Other wealthy nations manage to provide decent quality rail travel at an affordable price: but then, rather than flog this critical national service to profiteers, they’ve maintained them under public ownership. The government does allow state ownership of some rail and energy services – but only if they are foreign governments who are not accountable to British citizens. 'Weight is a lifelong struggle': your best comments today Read more The answer is to bring the rail franchises back under public control – as was successfully done with East Coast before it was idiotically sold off – as part of an integrated, modernised system. No more dividends for shareholders: all the money to be reinvested back into this critical service. This disastrous experiment sums up so many of the Tories’ woes. Their fundamentalist pro-market dogma keeps colliding with the lived experience of millions of people: from the terrible cuts to living standards which followed the financial crash, to the failed privatisation of the utilities. The miserable state of our railways is another reminder that the economic system has failed – and must be replaced. • Owen Jones is a Guardian columnist Topics Rail fares First thoughts Transport policy Transport comment Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share via Email Share on LinkedIn Share on Pinterest Share on WhatsApp Share on Messenger Reuse this content Advertisement First thoughts Quick takes on big stories from Comment is free columnists Children are dying on our streets – May’s response is not good enough Gaby Hinsliff Conservative governments fail because they cut and cut, and for a long time we don’t notice. Then we feel the impact, writes Guardian columnist Gaby Hinsliff 3h 3h Children are dying on our streets – May’s response is not good enough May’s Brexit bung to the north is pathetic. It changes nothing Simon Jenkins The £1.6bn the PM has promised to secure Labour support for her deal is no match for years of systematic neglect, says Guardian columnist Simon Jenkins 1d 1d May’s Brexit bung to the north is pathetic. It changes nothing There is no magic ‘stop Brexit’ button for Labour. There never has been Owen Jones There are simply not enough Labour MPs in leave areas who are willing pass the Kyle-Wilson amendment and trigger another referendum, says Guardian columnist Owen Jones 4d 4d There is no magic ‘stop Brexit’ button for Labour. There never has been The fight for EU citizens’ rights could become another Windrush Polly Toynbee The Tory MP Alberto Costa wants to secure post-Brexit rights. But nothing is certain in the face of a hostile Home Office, says Guardian columnist Polly Toynbee 5d 5d The fight for EU citizens’ rights could become another Windrush View all comments > comments (752)Sign in or create your Guardian account to join the discussion. Guardian Pick The taxpayer is already subsidising the rail system to a large degree. Privatisation hasn't got rid of that, which is one reason it's failed. Jump to comment SnowyJohn 2 Jan 2018 196 197 Guardian Pick East Coast wasn't "sold off" and would generate money under any ownership. Ending dividends for shareholders would not necessarily release any of the 3 percent margin as it would also remove incentives to maximize revenue (eg by encouraging off peak usage). This "disastrous experiment" is a victim of its own success, doubling passenger numbers after years of stagnation. British Rail used to solve overcrowding by increasing fares. Just because a p… Jump to comment Mick James 2 Jan 2018 46 47 Guardian Pick In Northern Ireland, the NI Railways network is still publicly owned by Translink. To get A day return from Belfast to Derry at the station it costs £18.50. This is a 2 hour journey and the longest journey possible on the NI rail network. (It’s as little as £12.50 if prebooked online with a railcard) On the other hand An equivalent length 2 hour journey in England going from London to Liverpool today would cost you £85 for just a single ticket. Jump to comment Ernekid 2 Jan 2018 91 92 Guardian Pick For the tories, the free market has become such an ideological nirvana that they keep throwing money at it to make it work. Whatever your politics, that's both amazing and stupid (and, in fairness, many grassroots tories afaict are just as appalled). Jump to comment tomandlu 2 Jan 2018 162 163 Order by oldest newest oldest recommendations Show 25 25 50 100 All Threads collapsed collapsed expanded unthreaded 1 2 3 4 … next Loading comments… Trouble loading? Plataea 2 Jan 2018 12:13 187 188 The Tories buy their cognitive dissonace by the truck load - you can wheel out the evidence till the cows come home - won't make a blind bit of difference - they don't giove a stuff.Tories: shafting british peasants & serfs since the 18th century. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report fishplate Plataea 2 Jan 2018 13:27 32 33 Serfdom was long gone (in England and Wales at least) by the 18th century. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Watered fishplate 2 Jan 2018 13:31 78 79 I disagree.Serfing is still very popular on the south coast. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report RDUK123 Plataea 2 Jan 2018 13:37 25 26 What evidence has been wheeled out in this article? That its possible for a country to reduce its rail fares by throwing money at the system to subsidise it, like Germany? I travel by rail a lot, my biggest annoyance is the poor mobile signal whilst travelling. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Show 6 more replies tomandlu 2 Jan 2018 12:14 Guardian Pick 162 163 For the tories, the free market has become such an ideological nirvana that they keep throwing money at it to make it work. Whatever your politics, that's both amazing and stupid (and, in fairness, many grassroots tories afaict are just as appalled). Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Unpick Report TragicomedyBeholder tomandlu 2 Jan 2018 13:40 32 33 Whatever your politics, that's both amazing and stupid That may be the natural reaction, but it’s the wrong reaction. In actual fact, everything is going exactly according to plan – for the plutonomy that is. For the rest of us, the commuting precariat, it is another case of like it or lump it. Just as worker insecurity helps the economy to grow and satisfies the needs of the 1 percent, so too inefficient and expensive railways. Why should they change a systems that is working perfectly……. for them? Of course, we can expect some lip service, the usual pledges, and perhaps the odd patch-up job or gimmick here and there, but that will be about it. It wouldn’t surprise me if they were now to argue a case for total privatisation of the railways in order to encourage competition and produce competitive prices. That would be the logical conclusion within fundamentalist free-market dogma. Then, whatever the outcome, there would be no one to blame since the free market sets its own rules and prices. End of story. Government absolved of all future responsibility. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Simon Cohen tomandlu 2 Jan 2018 13:42 76 77 'and, in fairness, many grassroots tories afaict are just as appalled' Yes but they still keep voting for them which is why we have a rigid 40% support for these incompetents. The problem is, the public have been conned for the last 40 years that 'there's no money' and Britain will go bankrupt and we'll be like Weimar Germany/Zimbabwe/Venezuela (take your pick of the unfounded cliches). When will the British wake up to the fact that we're in the fifth decade of a dreadful experiment involving the financial industry catheterising whole populations levaing people staggering around with massive debt, poor quality jobs and atrocious infrastructure and lack of public services? There is NO shortage of money because the Goverment issues the currency just as it did when we had QE. There is also no chance of inflation from this spending because we are operating well under capacity and have massive levels of uderemployment and ropey jobs combined with private debt of nearly 2 trillion. Get the financialised industry off our backs-they do nothing but 'shuffle wealth' around a limited circuit. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Mauvegrail tomandlu 2 Jan 2018 14:04 20 21 The ideological nirvana that you talk about is (excepting the content) identical to the reverence shown by Americans for their constitution and Muslims for the Koran. Nothing is allowed to change because it is the received wisdom from an earlier age. The franchises given to these groups or individuals are virtually the same as the monopolies bestowed by royalty in the past. They are a licence to print money. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Show 2 more replies Mongost 2 Jan 2018 12:14 112 113 Fast forward 25 years, and commuters are facing average fare hikes of 3.4% – with season tickets jumping by 3.6% It's the government that sets the annual increase in regulated fares. German passengers are paying just 19p a mile German taxpayers pay EUR 17b a year for Germany's railways. Our taxpayers pay GBP 5b a year. The answer is to bring the rail franchises back under public control How would that make the government change their policy on annual regulated fare increases? It isn't at all clear. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Wally Mooney Mongost 2 Jan 2018 13:34 62 63 Our taxpayers pay GBP 5b a year. That’s not really the case though. The government is the origin of it’s own currency and neither taxation nor borrowing are required to finance government spending in sterling. The act of government spending creates the money which is then later partially removed via taxation. So the UK government does not ever have to worry about how to ‘pay for’ things in terms of pounds and pennies. The actual limitation is whether or not the UK has enough real resources (human skills and non-human materials, energy, steel, concrete, water, land, machines etc.) to achieve its policy objectives.http://www.huffingtonpost.com/warren-mosler/taxes-for-revenue-are-obs_b_542134.html Any shortages of funding for public transport, the NHS, social housing etc is purely an ideological choice of those that govern us. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report matt h Wally Mooney 2 Jan 2018 14:29 52 53 Wally by name - wally by nature. The government can print all the money it wants - as it does so it loses its value. The government can issue bonds this is technically a loan from people who buy the bonds. But alas these need paying back with interest.Then there is good old spending within your means.... Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Gcorbs Wally Mooney 2 Jan 2018 14:29 This comment was removed by a moderator because it didn't abide by our community standards. Replies may also be deleted. For more detail see our FAQs. Show 8 more replies Roger ERRINGTON 2 Jan 2018 12:15 132 133 Spot on! Rail privatisation was one step too far even for Thatcher. It was an early example of a weak PM (Major) caving in to the Tory far right. An unmitigated disaster - like the vast majority of private sell-offs. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report TheGribbler Roger ERRINGTON 2 Jan 2018 13:42 38 39 An unmitigated disaster which a study by Imperial College London estimates has saved 150 lives in improved safety. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report towel TheGribbler 2 Jan 2018 13:49 64 65 How did privatisation in itself improve safety? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report TheGribbler towel 2 Jan 2018 13:52 45 46 Investment. It's increased ninefold since privatisation. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Show 4 more replies feeling 2 Jan 2018 12:16 70 71 The answer is to bring the rail franchises back under public control No, sack the greedy drivers on their £80,000 salaries and track staff on £800 a day and let the market decide how much staff get paid - Pay them the same as bus drivers - £25,000 a year max. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Redblair feeling 2 Jan 2018 13:28 159 160 Yes mate, it's the workers' fault... Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Norsked feeling 2 Jan 2018 13:29 90 91 Why don't you think anyone should earn more than £25k a year? I assume you believe no-one should earn more than that and aren't just singling out train drivers, because the latter would be ridiculous... Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report excathedra feeling 2 Jan 2018 13:31 89 90 Another example of when you haven't a clue just lie and hope dome of it sticks. Here's a truth for you. Brian Souter, who used a variety of unpleasant tactics to establish his business in the first place, took out £400 million as dividends ensuring that he paid very little tax on a business that he shouldn't own, hasn't built up and makes money on the backs of very poorly paid workers. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Show 13 more replies shangani 2 Jan 2018 12:16 38 39 No it doesn't...why should people who never use a train subsidise people who do...I don't expect people who use a train to subsidise me driving a car. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Nepthsolem shangani 2 Jan 2018 13:29 136 137 why should people who never use a train subsidise people who do Because that's how infrastructure works in society. I don't expect people who use a train to subsidise me driving a car. Yet that is exactly what happens. The roads you drive on, the lights that light them and the people who repair them are paid for out of general taxation. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report fishworld shangani 2 Jan 2018 13:29 83 84 But you do expect there to be a non-toll-based road network, right? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report WelshPaul shangani 2 Jan 2018 13:30 104 105 Why should people who don't have children subsidise those who do? Why do I have to pay council tax to the fire brigade when my home has never burned down? Taxation doesn't work that way. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Show 31 more replies Mick James 2 Jan 2018 12:20 Guardian Pick 46 47 East Coast wasn't "sold off" and would generate money under any ownership. Ending dividends for shareholders would not necessarily release any of the 3 percent margin as it would also remove incentives to maximize revenue (eg by encouraging off peak usage). This "disastrous experiment" is a victim of its own success, doubling passenger numbers after years of stagnation. British Rail used to solve overcrowding by increasing fares. Just because a privatised rail system has problems Durant mean they will go away if it is nationalised. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Unpick Report LeftOrRightSameShite Mick James 2 Jan 2018 14:46 38 39 Ending dividends for shareholders would not necessarily release any of the 3 percent margin as it would also remove incentives to maximize revenue Interesting you write "would not necessarily" release the 3% margin yet are much more certain when you write "it would" remove revenue incentives. Pull your trousers up chap...your ideology is showing. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Paul1977 2 Jan 2018 12:25 21 22 The way to properly deal with this is to end the current franchise system that replaces a public monopoly with several private ones. OK is wrong to claim this as an example of the free market gone wrong as there is no free market here. In fact the best way to solve this problem is to create some genuine competition between the TOCs - it is competition that drives down prices and drives up standards, not mere private ownership. The current franchise system should be ripped up and something that creates genuine competition to replace it. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Paul1977 Paul1977 2 Jan 2018 12:26 0 1 OK should read OJ (Owen Jones!) Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report SnowyJohn Paul1977 2 Jan 2018 13:29 31 32 I think this was always the fundamental problem with rail privatisation: privatisation only leads to improvements if there is genuine competition, and the franchise system for rail doesn't really produce that. Rather than "privatisation", we should really call it what it is: a modern day form of selling monopolies. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report treebranches Paul1977 2 Jan 2018 13:33 9 10 The current franchise system should be ripped up and something that creates genuine competition to replace it. How could such a system work? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Show 11 more replies andrew ward 2 Jan 2018 12:26 202 203 Owen, you might not fully grasp this, but it's the taxpayer (not that magic money tree again) who ends up paying for those wonderful cheaper rail fares in Germany, France etc etc. So do you actually support cross subsidisation of the commuter rail network by people who may never use it - or perhaps due to geographical location, can never use it? If so I think you should set that case out here rather than come out with meaningless propagandist nonsense about rail fares being a failure of 'pro market dogma'. (I appreciate that such an approach involves some real mental effort rather than a simple 'cut and paste' - not great with a New Year's hangover.. ) You end with that ringing phrase - 'the economic system has failed - and must be replaced'. With what exactly??? If you could offer one example - yes, just one - of a centrally planned socialist economy anywhere in the world that has worked better than our own 'failed' free market system you might be taken a little more seriously. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Redblair andrew ward 2 Jan 2018 13:29 68 69 Any of the Scandinavian countries? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report DiBosco andrew ward 2 Jan 2018 13:32 151 152 That's right, ignore how the shareholders get paid and the rail companies still get subsidies. Tory and rail shareholder are we? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report SnowyJohn andrew ward 2 Jan 2018 13:33 Guardian Pick 196 197 The taxpayer is already subsidising the rail system to a large degree. Privatisation hasn't got rid of that, which is one reason it's failed. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Unpick Report Show 18 more replies dunn31 2 Jan 2018 12:27 19 20 According to a comprehensive survey carried out in 2012 our rail services are above the European average for cost efficiency.The cost for train drivers was 40% higher in the UK then the European average.This suggests that the existing system is extremely efficient given that its cost per mile good and it salaries high.If the article by Mr Jones is accurate all that needs to happen is for everyone to pay more tax so that rail fares can have a greater subsidy. I think he forgot to mention that was the case in the examples he was quoting. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report DiBosco dunn31 2 Jan 2018 13:30 5 6 Source please. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report RDUK123 dunn31 2 Jan 2018 13:31 21 22 Correct. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_subsidies#Europe According to this, Germany subsidises its rail by 17 Billion Euro, the UK by 4.4 Billion Euro. German passengers are being massively subsided at the expense of people who never use the system. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Kingkerouac dunn31 2 Jan 2018 13:31 14 15 How much more was the cost of executives?And how many more of them?Train drivers should be paid decently - they do the work.Executives. Well what do they do to deserve their huge wages? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Show 3 more replies PrakashShah 2 Jan 2018 13:25 5 6 Outsource it to Uber. We can all limousine to work like Grayling. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report fishplate 2 Jan 2018 13:25 5 6 Other wealthy nations manage to provide decent quality rail travel at an affordable price: but then, rather than flog this critical national service to profiteers, they’ve maintained them under public ownership. Are Germany, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand and Canada - to take some examples of places where commuter services are operated by contractors - not "wealthy nations"? Anyway, if the trains get any busier, no-one will use them. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Giuseppa_Acciaio fishplate 2 Jan 2018 13:43 8 9 "operated by contractors" doesn't equate to "privatised": in Germany for example the railways are owned by Deutsche Bahn (which has the State as its only shareholder) and operated by Deutsche Bahn and other companies. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report fishplate Giuseppa_Acciaio 2 Jan 2018 14:03 7 8 You mean like in Great Britain, where the railways are owned by Network Rail (which has the state as its only shareholder) and services are operated various companies? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report greenwichite 2 Jan 2018 13:25 19 20 Brilliantly written piece from OJ. Not a word wasted. Re-nationalise the railways. It's a winning policy for Labour. They can privatise the motorways to keep the Blairites happy, with French-style tolls. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report zippymosquito 2 Jan 2018 13:26 4 5 I don't think people would mind quite so much if the trains regularly appeared on time (or ran at all, for that matter) - and you had some chance of getting a seat. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Dufftime75 zippymosquito 2 Jan 2018 13:36 3 4 Well this is it isn't it? They've lowered our expectations so much we're grateful for scraps. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Ernekid 2 Jan 2018 13:26 Guardian Pick 91 92 In Northern Ireland, the NI Railways network is still publicly owned by Translink. To get A day return from Belfast to Derry at the station it costs £18.50. This is a 2 hour journey and the longest journey possible on the NI rail network. (It’s as little as £12.50 if prebooked online with a railcard) On the other hand An equivalent length 2 hour journey in England going from London to Liverpool today would cost you £85 for just a single ticket. Nationalised railways exist in the UK and they work. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Unpick Report fishplate Ernekid 2 Jan 2018 13:41 27 28 Belfast Central - Londonderry Waterside 151 km, 2 h 02 min on little diesel trains.London Euston - Liverpool Lime Street 312 km 2 h 12 min on intercity electric trains. If you are willing to travel this evening rather than now, you can do it for £33. The NI network was in such a state a few years ago, and ridership was so low, that there was serious talk of just giving up and abandoning it (although the Republic might have been willing to take over Dublin - Belfast at least). Instead the government agreed to throw buckets full of money at it. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report FTRH Ernekid 2 Jan 2018 15:12 4 5 Belfast to Londonderry 71 miles if you care to deal in facts! Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report SteveYates Ernekid 2 Jan 2018 15:18 18 19 Strangely, the value of a train journey is in the distance, not the time. If the Belfast - Derry journey took four hours, your analysis would suggest you'd happily pay twice as much for it, despite it being obviously worse. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Nepthsolem 2 Jan 2018 13:27 85 86 While the cheapest single ticket to the capital will cost a British commuter 50p per mile, German passengers are paying just 19p a mile The solution is simple then. Pretend to be German when you buy your ticket. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Frenske Nepthsolem 2 Jan 2018 14:55 24 25 Gutday, Ich want a ticket von Cambridge to London mit Deutsche discount. Klop. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report rustyowl 2 Jan 2018 13:27 7 8 No misery related to all the strikes? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report marziPANIC 2 Jan 2018 13:28 89 90 Those of us old enough to recall British Rail respectfully disagree Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Trumbledon marziPANIC 2 Jan 2018 13:32 36 37 The thing is that Owen isn't, really. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report odstjackson marziPANIC 2 Jan 2018 13:32 5 6 As a 30 something, I only know the privatized version, My parents hate both. Some new paradigm altogether is apparently needed. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Nepthsolem marziPANIC 2 Jan 2018 13:33 57 58 British Rail meant vast amounts of public money pumped into a system of late, dirty trains. Post-BR, we now have vast amounts of public money pumped into a system of late, dirty trains only with private companies managing to profit from it. Progress! Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Show 15 more replies jjsalmo 2 Jan 2018 13:28 46 47 Owen appears to have only one solution to all problems, namely 'Nationalisation'.Rather than those that use the service being responsible, he suggests that the general taxpayer, many who do not use the train would subsidise those that do.The other issue he fails to mention, is that the least efficient element and cause of much of the delays etc is already nationalised. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report ID4469239 jjsalmo 2 Jan 2018 13:44 25 26 Why do we pay the nationalised French companies to run our transport and subsidise French passengers from our fares ? Why should I have to subsidise those people deluded enough to think that Trident provides some sort of defence to me and my family. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report jjsalmo ID4469239 2 Jan 2018 13:59 8 9 You shouldn't, no argument there, but going back to the days of BR will achieve nothing. There needs to be greater genuine competition coupled with real sanctions for non-delivery. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Kingkerouac 2 Jan 2018 13:30 13 14 Everything Thatcher dogmatised, electric, gas, rail travel, football, poll-tax/rates has shot up in price when 'choice' was supposed to reduce prices. What happened? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report YEverKnot Kingkerouac 2 Jan 2018 13:40 7 8 Thatcher was responsible for football tickets? Well, I never. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report StephenHawking Kingkerouac 2 Jan 2018 13:44 3 4 Football? Don't disagree its become very expensive, but I am not sure Thatcher can be blamed for that. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report ChipKennedy Kingkerouac 2 Jan 2018 13:47 4 5 Bait and Switch . Heads you lose Tails they win . Socialism for the 1% Austerity and Rail price increases for the 99% . Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Show 2 more replies TheSpecialNeedsOne 2 Jan 2018 13:31 4 5 Good to hear you agree with Lord Adonis, Owen. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report odstjackson 2 Jan 2018 13:31 3 4 Our entire Produce/Consume society we are enslaved to is a problem. Any way of life that puts greed, selfishness and power at the forefront should not exist. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report rodmclaughlin 2 Jan 2018 13:32 1 2 The railway disaster doesn't prove that privatisation is a bad thing. It only shows that privatisation of the railways - in which companies have an inbuilt monopoly, because you can't have rival companies competing at the same times on the same lines - is a bad thing. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Trumbledon 2 Jan 2018 13:32 5 6 John Major claimed that “a better, cheaper and more effective service for the commuter” beckoned. He got two of those right, he was only wrong on cost. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report YEverKnot Trumbledon 2 Jan 2018 13:40 6 7 You really think fares would go down under nationalisation? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report Trumbledon YEverKnot 2 Jan 2018 13:46 5 6 No, not necessarily. All I'm saying is that services are now better and more effective than they were under BR. If you want a reminder of what BR was like, take a ride on one of the Class 156's which still operate in Scotland. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report DiBosco Trumbledon 2 Jan 2018 13:58 18 19 I'm willing to bet in the 70s the rail system, were it privatised, would have been absolutely no better. The world is a very different place now and renationalised railways would be nothing like 70s BR. There is no inherent reason nationalised industry can't be good. Noticed any improvement in gas, electricity and water since they started lining the pockets of the insanely rich? Do other countries' nationalised railways work a treat? Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report HonestJo 2 Jan 2018 13:32 21 22 Whatever our thoughts on privatisation please don't expect hard pressed tax payers outside London to subsidise jobs in London at the expense of their local poor services. If people can't afford to commute to these London jobs then frankly these jobs should move to places where people can afford to live and don't need to commute. Simple really. Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report ID4469239 HonestJo 2 Jan 2018 13:41 5 6 The companies should pay taxes which subsidise public transport. It's not rocket science (which is why this happens in other countries such as France) Reply Share Share on Facebook Facebook Share on Twitter Twitter | Pick Report 1 2 3 4 … next Sorry there was an error. Please try again later. 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For that reason, “overuse” of the internet and social media today may not be such a bad thing. It is our primary way of exploring all of the potential of that cultural mode, and that mode will at some point be tamed and neutered, just as Baroque music composition is now dormant.

“He has only two thousand pounds of his own; it would be madness to marry upon that, though for my own part I could give up every prospect of more without a sigh. I have been always used to a very small income, and could struggle with any poverty for him; but I love him too well to be the selfish means of robbing him, perhaps, of all that his mother might give him if he married to please her. We must wait, it may be for many years. With almost every other man in the world, it would be an alarming prospect; but Edward’s affection and constancy nothing can deprive me of, I know.”

Virtual-reality sickness (also known as cybersickness) is a side-effect experienced by some when using VR. Symptoms are similar to those of motion sickness, including nausea, disorientation, pallor, headaches, sweating and even vomiting. It’s widely thought that this is caused by a conflict taking place within the brain. Despite technological improvements, cybersickness is still experienced by some when viewing virtual reality © Getty Your visual and auditory sensory inputs tell you that you’re moving through space, whereas your inner ear doesn’t detect the corresponding motion. Similarly to motion sickness, the ‘area postrema’ in the brain senses this conflict, assumes you’re hallucinating after accidentally ingesting a neurotoxin and tells your body to eject the offending substance post-haste. This phenomenon is more likely to affect children between two and 12 years, which is why some VR unit manufacturers advise caution or even for their units to be used only by children of 13 and over. Thankfully, many of these short-term side effects have been reduced by technological developments over the last few years and will continue to do so as time rolls by. Increased resolution and screen refresh rates have had a positive impact, as has game design itself, with developers gaining a deeper understanding of what makes a truly immersive and stable VR experience. Rat reality Research is, however, being carried out to uncover whether the impact VR has on the brain is more significant than the superficial symptoms of cybersickness. Professor Mayank Mehta and his colleagues at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) have been conducting experiments to explore the effects of VR on the brains of rats. Experiments on rodents show VR activates less neurons than true reality. But, say the researchers, it’s too early to draw any concrete conclusions © UCLA By building an environment in which the animals can explore a virtual space on treadmills, the team have been able to monitor activity in the hippocampus – an area of the brain important for spatial awareness, learning and memory. They found that around half the neurons that fire in a real-world environment simply shut down when in VR. Research is ongoing to what impact this may have on the brain, but it at least intimates that the industry and researchers are taking the issue of VR and physical and mental healthy seriously. Social immobility Truly understanding the long-term neurological impact of VR in humans will take time, but what of the social ramifications? We’ve already seen the dangers that immersive gaming can pose in the MMO world, with isolation and reclusive behaviour, depression, suicide and even virtual-world conflicts spilling over into real-world violence. One of the key concerns of VR use is how the user manages the return to reality from these exciting VR worlds © Getty There was even the 2008 case of a Russian man dying after becoming embroiled in conflict resulting from the (virtual) death of one of the members of his game. A physical violent brawl ensued and the man died. Although such extremes tend to be rare, they do happen, and the introduction of VR into mainstream culture means that unexpected social problems will inevitably come to light. Having spent a lot of time in VR ourselves, one of the most peculiar sensations isn’t being in the virtual world itself, but the act of removing the headset at the end of the session, which is followed by the dull thud as you return to a comparatively beige reality, devoid of the wonder and boundlessness of the synthetic. It’s all too easy to see how, as the technology advances with ever greater velocity, users young and old will become ever-more reluctant to return to reality. Imagine trying to get a teenager to do their homework when they’re busy in the cockpit of an X-Wing, taking down the Death Star single-handedly. You’ll need more than Jedi mind tricks for that one. This escapism isn’t just limited to gaming. As with so many technological developments, much will be driven by the porn and sex industry. Teledildonic sex (remote sexual activity) is already bedding in, as products that allow partners many miles apart to control mechanical sex toys in real time are flying off the shelves. Combined with VR and social media, this opens up a whole new frontier of sexual exploration. That’s fair game for liberal, single individuals but what ethical rules apply if you have a partner and are having a virtual sexual encounter with a digital avatar? Perhaps it will simply be up to each and every individual, but it’ll only be a matter of time before such cases are raised in court. Try 3 issues from just $9.95 Promoted by Science Focus .str-adunit-article .thumbnail-wrapper{height:95px !important;}.str-advertiser{color:#c4218c !important;font-size:14px !important;line-height:1rem !important;margin-bottom:5px !important;}@media only screen and (max-width:500px){.str-adunit-article{width:100% !important;max-width:none !important;}.str-adunit-article .thumbnail-wrapper,.str-adunit-article .str-thumbnail{width:70px !important;height:70px !important;}.str-adunit-article .str-text{padding:0 0 0 10px !important;vertical-align:top !important;}} Into the unknown As is so often the case with new technology, there are many unknowns. Further studies into how VR impacts brain function are required to understand the potential pros and cons, while discourse on the social implications of the technology is equally important. Like most things in life there are potential risks but, used wisely, virtual reality will bring positive experiences to millions. Clinicians continue to research the potential side-effects of time spent in VR © specialeffect.org.uk Even now, organisations like the charity Special Effect, who develop and supply video-game control systems for people with disabilities, are taking advantage of the latest technology. As founder Dr Mick Donegan suggests, these systems “could allow people with severe mobility challenges, even those who are completely paralysed, the opportunity to ‘move freely’ in both the real and virtual worlds”. And it’s through applications like this that VR will truly unlock its full potential, regardless of the possible downsides. 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"As We May Think,"

We might think about digital redlining as the process by which different schools get differential journal access.

Often overly studious or perfectionistic youth believe it is reasonable to study for hours on end, to keep their bedroom as neat as a pin, or to wash their hands excessively after every activity. Other youth think there is something “wrong” with them. Children may focus on the physical symptoms of anxiety (e.g. stomachaches). Teens may think they’re weird, weak, out of control, or even going crazy! These thoughts might make them feel even more anxious and self-conscious

the majority reported feeling anxious during school. Most also reported that their anxiety usually or always interfered with their daily school functioning.

This supplemented the individual's memory and ability to visualize. (We are not concerned here with the value derived from human cooperation made possible by speech and writing, both forms of external symbol manipulation. We speak of the manual means of making graphical representations of symbols—

That means that — taken on their own — combustion vehicle sales fell from 17.03 million in 2017 to 16.91 million in 2018.Since USA total light vehicle sales have been essentially flat or slightly declining over the past four years, and EVs are now coming online in ever-increasing volumes, it’s hard to see gas vehicle sales going in any direction but south from now on. The total light vehicle market’s marginal growth in 2018 was only made possible by the arrival of the Tesla Model 3 in high volumes.Again, there’s an outside chance we may see a small up-blip, depending on the economic outlook, but that’s unlikely and the general trend for combustion vehicle sales is inexorably downwards. The reveal of the Tesla Model Y in the coming month or two also ensures that a significant number of folks will entirely avoid a gas vehicle purchase in the next year or so whilst they are waiting for their dream SUV/crossover. Again, this means that EV % market share will grow at a higher rate than the increase in absolute EV sales volume, as the competition withers away.The Global PictureSince the three largest auto markets are already seeing falling combustion vehicle sales, is there any hope left for the internal combustion engine?No. It’s firmly headed for the dustbin of history, and it is going to happen quickly. Most serious auto analysts (see here, and here, and here) postulated that 2018 would be the peak sales year for combustion vehicle sales globally. The figures we’ve discussed above support the idea of 2017 being the peak year.Japan is still indecisive about EVs, though big on hybrids, but will inevitably soon have to give up on its fuel-cell dreams (at least for LDVs) and rush to catch up with EV powertrains.India will grow to be a significant auto market in the middle of the next decade, but this will be too late to save the combustion engine. India’s LDV sales were some 3.2 million in 2017, growing around 9% from 2016. Both combustion sales and EV sales will continue to grow in India, but any short-term growth in combustion vehicles will be far outpaced by their decline in the 3 largest markets above (almost 20× the volume of India). India’s LDV buying middle class is really starting to buy vehicles at just the time when EVs are taking over from gassers. With many larger Indian cities having serious air quality problems to deal with, regulations will also be pushing in the direction of EVs, and away from polluting gassers. And before the middle of the next decade, EVs will be the less expensive option, even just on sticker price (they already are in many cases on total cost of ownership).New Delhi in smogWhat do you think about the prospects for combustion engine vehicles? Do you agree that we will look back on 2017 as the peak in these three largest markets, or will 2019 reverse the past year’s declines and see them clinging onto sales volume for another year or so? Please share you thoughts and reasoning in the comments.Related: Nissan, Toyota, Mercedes, VW, Honda, BMW, Lexus, Infiniti, & Audi Sales Drop In USA, While Ford & GM Hide    (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});   How much money can a solar roof save you in California? Profit from your roof space: find local deals on solar in your area, eliminate your power bill. Calculate My Savings! .px400 #wapp_signup_widget_wrapper_picture_copy_zip, .px300 #wapp_signup_widget_wrapper_picture_copy_zip { padding-left: 110px !important; overflow: hidden; font-size: 10px !important; } .px400 #wapp_signup_widget_wrapper_picture_img, .px300 #wapp_signup_widget_wrapper_picture_img { display: block !important; width: 100px !important; } .px300 #wapp_signup_widget_wrapper_picture_copy_zip { height: 83px !important; } .px400 #wapp_signup_widget_zip_button { top: 143px !important; } .px400 #wapp_signup_widget_wrapper_picture_input { top: 87px !important; } .px300 #wapp_signup_widget_wrapper_picture_input, .px300 #wapp_signup_widget_zip_button { width: 267px !important; } Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window)1K+Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)1K+Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)MoreClick to share on Telegram (Opens in new window)1Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)1Click to share on Flipboard (Opens in new window)Click to print (Opens in new window)Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window)Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)Tags: China EV sales, Death of the combustion engine, End of oil, Europe EV sales, EV sales, Rise of the EV, Tesla, US EV sales About the AuthorDr. Maximilian Holland Max is an anthropologist, social theorist and international political economist, trying to ask questions and encourage critical thinking about social and environmental justice, sustainability and the human condition. He has lived and worked in Europe and Asia, and is currently based in Barcelona. Related Posts Hyundai Kona EV Review … Tesla Model 3 #1 Electric Car In World … Elon, Like A Boss — #CleanTechnica Top 20 → Top 10 Best Selling Fully Electric Vehicle Brands In 2019 → Top 10 Best Selling Plug-In Vehicle Brands In 2019 → Beta Technologies Pops Out Of Stealth, Is Gearing Up To Be More Than An eVTOL Startup → Back to Top ↑AdvertisementAdvertise with CleanTechnica to get your company in front of our readers.CleanTechnica Clothing & Cups Top News On CleanTechnica The Tesla Model 3 Is Taking Over The World Boom! Fossil Vehicle Sales Are Officially Now Decreasing In China, Europe, & USA — #CleanTechnica Report 12 Ways of Looking at a Rivian vs Tesla Matchup Volkswagen Raises EV Sales Target 50%, Says ID Production Will Be Carbon Neutral The Dream Is Over — Europe Is Waking Up To A World Of Electric Cars Hyundai Kona EV Review ... Tesla Model 3 #1 Electric Car In World ... 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He came down the road with cigarette in his hand. I waved at him; he smiled at me and threw away the almost finished cigarette inhaling the last puff. As we sat down to talk, he lit up another cigarette; with its smoke surrounding us he began his story. “I was 12 when I took a puff of my first cigarette. My brothers used to smoke a lot and asked me if I wanted to try, so I tried to just cool among them. I didn’t know that smoking was injurious to health back then, I know it’s bad for my health now but I don’t want to quit , I don’t think it’s doing me any harm like alcohol. I used to go far from my home to buy cigarettes and smoke. I got habituated after a year, first I wanted to look cool and now it’s like daily ritual of my life. I light up a cigarette as soon as I wake up and may be finish a packet per day,” said Luke* , who is now a 23 year -old man.

Increase Font Size Toggle Menu HomeReadSign in Search in book: Search Contents I. The Middle Ages (ca. 476-1485) 1. Bede (ca. 672-735) Bede: BiographyCaedmon’s Hymn 2. Dream of the Rood Dream of the Rood 3. Beowulf: Parts I & II Introduction: BeowulfStory SummaryThemesHistorical BackgroundLiterary StyleReading:Part IPart II 4. Beowulf: Part III Part III 5. Judith  Judith6. The Wanderer 7. Wulf and Eadwacer Wulf and Eadwacer 8. The Wife's Lament The Wife’s Lament 9. The Ruin The Ruin 10. Selection of Old English Riddles Selections from Old English Poems 11. The Myth of Arthur's Return Geoffrey of Monmouth: From The History of the Kings of BritainWace: From Roman de BrutLayamon: From Brut  II. Irish Literature 12. Cúchulainn’s Boyish Deeds Cúchulainn: IntroductionCuchulainn’s Boyish Deeds III. Anglo-Norman Literature 13. Tristan and Iseult Introduction: Tristan and IseultThe Story SummaryLiterary ThemesReading: Tristan and Yseult 14. Guide for Anchoresses (Ancrene Wisse) The Sweetness and Pain of Enclosure15. Romances of Marie de France IV. Middle English Literature in the 14th and 15th Century 16. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (ca. 1375-1400) 17. Sir Gawain: Parts I & II Part IPart II 18. Sir Gawain: Parts III & IV Part IIIPart IV19. Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales 20. Canterbury Tales: General Prologue Prologue 21. Canterbury Tales: Miller's Prologue and Tale The Miller’s PrologueThe Miller’s Tale22. Canterbury Tales: The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale23. Canterbury Tales: The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale24. Canterbury Tales: The Nun's Priest's Tale25. Canterbury Tales: Close of Canterbury Tales26. Julian of Norwich: Revelations of Divine Love (Selections) 27. Margery Kempe: Excerpts from The Book of Margery Kempe The Birth of Her First Child and Her First VisionHer Pride and Attempts to Start a Business28. The Wakefield Second Shepherd's Play29. Middle English Lyrics30. Robert Henryson: The Cock and the Jasp31. Everyman32. Thomas Malory: Le Morte d'Arthur V. The Sixteenth Century 33. Sir Thomas More: Utopia UTOPIA34. From: The Book of Common Prayer 35. WOMEN IN POWER: Selected Readings Mary I (Tudor)Lady Jane GreyMary Queen of ScotsElizabeth I36. Edmund Spencer: the Faerie Queene (Book I) 37. Sir Walter Raleigh: Poems and From: The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana Poems38. Sir Philip Sidney: From Astrophil and Stella 39. THE WIDER WORLD: Selected Readings The Wider World: Selected Readings Hakluyt’s Dedicatory Epistle to The Principal Navigations, 1589Leo Africanus on the North Africans, 1526An English Traveller’s Guide to the North Africans, 1547Voyage to the Arctic, 1577, with Reflections on Racial DifferenceAmadas and Barlowe’s Voyage to Virginia, 1584Hariot’s Report on Virginia, 1585General History of the Turks, 1603 40. Christopher Marlowe: Hero and Leander Hero and Leander 41. Christopher Marlowe: Doctor Faustus The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 42. William Shakespeare: Selected Sonnets Selected Sonnets 43. William Shakespeare: Taming of the Shrew THE TAMING OF THE SHREW VI. Early Seventeenth Century 44. John Dunne: Selections Songs and SonnetsA Selection of Holy SonnetsFrom: Devotions upon Emergent Occasions45. Aemilia Lanyar: Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum 46. Ben Jonson: Epigrams and Poetry EpigramsPoemsFrom: Underwood 47. GENDER RELATIONS: Conflict and Counsel From: The Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women: Or the Vanity of Them Choose you WhetherRachel Speght: From A Muzzle for Melastomus William Gouge: From Domestical Duties48. Francis Bacon: Essays49. Margaret Cavendish: The Blazing World 50. George Herbert: The Temple The Temple 51. CRISIS OF AUTHORITY: The Beheading of Charles I From: King Charles, His Trial (1649)From: A Perfect Diurnal of Some Passages in Parliament, no. 288Robert Filmer: From Patriarcha John Milton: From The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates Gerrard Winstanley: From A New Year’s Gift Sent to the Parliament and ArmyThomas Hobbes: From Leviathan 52. CRISIS OF AUTHORITY: Political Writing Robert Filmer: From Patriarcha John Milton: From The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates Gerrard Winstanley: From A New Year’s Gift Sent to the Parliament and ArmyThomas Hobbes: From Leviathan 53. CRISIS OF AUTHORITY: Writing the Self Lucy Hutchinson: From Memoirs of the Life of Colonel John HutchinsonEdward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon: From The History of the RebellionLady Anne Halkett: From The Memoires 54. John Milton: Poems and Sonnets LycidasSonnets 55. John Milton: Paradise Lost (Books 1-3) BOOK 1BOOK 2BOOK 3 56. John Milton: Paradise Lost (Books 4-6) BOOK 4BOOK 5BOOK 6 57. John Milton: Paradise Lost (Books 7-9) BOOK 7BOOK 8BOOK 9 58. John Milton: Paradise Lost (Books 10-12) BOOK 10BOOK 11BOOK 12 Appendix An Open Companion for British Literature I 13 Tristan and Iseult Introduction: Tristan and Iseult by Noel Wallace Tristan and Isolde by Herbert James Draper (1863-1920). Wikimedia Commons. The story of Tristan and Iseult is an Anglo-Norman story of a love between two tragic lovers fated to be set apart.  The origins of the original text are unknown adding to the mystery of the story. There are also many different versions of the story. Each version just a little different. For clarity purposes of this paper, I will refer to the French version by Joseph Bedier. How daring the legend. How legendary. How incredibly naive. However, are not all young lovers naive? For it takes time to develop skepticism. Cynicism does not belong in the beginning of a story. It only belongs in the end. The lovers begin as two innocent and hopeful characters. Tristan represents the embodiment of all that is chivalrous. The desire to do only what is right by the laws his society. As the novel progresses, the audience will begin to question things as the characters change. At the very end both characters will die tragically apart. Both will have become cynical and heartbroken. Perhaps, you have heard of the two young lovers yourself? Perhaps you have heard how the tragedy of the poisonous wine brought about death and destruction? Was the wine an element of foreshadow? Maybe you are just looking for a great read. Either way the story of the two lovers will indeed be of interest. The Story Summary Set in the medieval era, this is the story of Tristan and Iseult and their tragic love affair. The story begins in Tristan’s childhood and covers a series of youthful adventures which shape him into a Knight. Then Tristan embarks on his biggest quest yet. He journeys to Ireland to obtain Princess Iseult. The plan was to bring the princess back to Ireland to marry King Mark of Cornwall. However, the Queen of Ireland was concerned for her daughter’s wellbeing and concocted an eternal love potion to be consumed by King Mark and Princess Iseult. Accidently Tristan and Iseult consume the potion and fall in love. King Mark and Iseult marry despite the potion. However, Tristan and Iseult are still in love. Though keeping pure, the two often meet in secret. King Mark eventually find out and banishes Tristan. Tristan goes off to another land and finds favor in a new king, marrying his daughter. Despite this Tristan still desperately loves Iseult and she him. In the final chapter Tristan falls ill after an ambus. He sends a messenger to retrieve Iseult the fair. However, he dies before she reaches him. Upon discovering Tristan’s death Iseult dies too. Literary Themes The story of Tristan and Iseult is filled with many themes. Morality was a common element in medieval literature. Thus, one can interpret many moral themes throughout the content. A few examples of these themes include: loyalty, love, fate, courage, and judgement. The theme of love is shown so many times. One could argue that if you took the theme of love out, there would be no story. How can you have a tragic love story without love? There is motherly love, fatherly love, romantic love, and love of a duty. Queen Blanchefleur demonstrates motherly love in that of her new born baby. King Mark, Rohalt, and Squire Gorvenal demonstrate fatherly love. Tristan and Iseult’s relationship demonstrate romantic love. Lastly, one can see love of duty in the actions of Tristan when he gives up his romantic love for a love of duty to King Mark. Another theme is loyalty. Tristan is constantly loyal to Mark even when Mark is not loyal in return. Mark betrays Tristan by allowing his advisors to manipulate his mind. Loyalty is even seen as soon in the story as the second paragraph when King Rivalen of Lyonesse comes to the aid of his ally, Mark of Cornwall. “When Mark was King over Cornwall, Rivalen, King of Lyonesse, heard that Mark’s enemies waged war on him; so, he crossed the sea to bring him aid (page 1).” The themes of Fate and judgement go together. This leads to the idea if something is truly fated, then how can one be judged? Works Cited: “Author ProfileJoseph Bedier.” PublicBookshelf, www.publicbookshelf.com/author/Joseph-Bedier. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Tristan and Isolde.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 8 Feb. 2012, www.britannica.com/topic/Tristan-and-Isolde. “Joseph Bédier.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Nov. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bédier. “Tristan and Iseult.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Jan. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan and Iseult. “Tristan and Isolde.” Myths Encyclopedia, www.mythencyclopedia.com/Tr-Wa/Tristan-and-Isolde.html. Draper, Herbert James. Tristan and Isolde. 1901, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert James Draper. Discussion Questions: Fate vs. accident: If Tristan and Iseult were fated to be together was it really the wine causing them to fall in love? If fate were in play and there was no wine, would they not have fallen in love anyway? A titanic question: Why do you think that Tristan and Iseult choose to stay in the woods rather than return to Ireland or Lyonesse? A perspective switch: Was King Mark a villain? Judgement Question: The hermit of Ogrin begged Tristan and Iseult to give penance under the laws of Rome for what he saw as a sin. However later Iseult is declared innocent by the hot-iron test. Give an example today that society may see as one thing as a sin, but may not be. Was Tristan wrong to return Iseult to Mark after he sent her to the lepers? At what point, would you consider a relationship over? Further Resources for Students: Fab Audio Books. “Tristan and Isolde: complete unabridged audiobook.” Youtube.com 17 Sept. 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OelPOx-Xg5c&t=4s   WLMi5514. “Tristan and Isolde (2006) Trailer.” Youtube.com 24 Feb 2010 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAJJay0Uv4M   WagneroperaNET. “Leonard Bernstein: Tristan und Isolde, Vorspiel Act 1.” Youtube.com 12 Jan. 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xa7Wo8PkpBs   Carls, Alice-Catherine. “Love in the Last Days: After Tristan and Iseult.” World Literature Today, vol. 92, no. 2, Mar. 2018, pp. 86–87. EBSCOhost, lsproxy.austincc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lsproxy.austincc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lfh&AN=128273558&site=eds-live&scope=site. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.lsproxy.austincc.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=29ca0eca-ebb3-4339-88f3-a9326f4cf7c2%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=128273558&anchor=TextToSpeech Reading: Tristan and Yseult PART THE FIRST THE CHILDHOOD OF TRISTAN My lords, if you would hear a high tale of love and of death, here is that of Tristan and Queen Iseult; how to their full joy, but to their sorrow also, they loved each other, and how at last they died of that love together upon one day; she by him and he by her. Long ago, when Mark was King over Cornwall, Rivalen, King of Lyonesse, heard that Mark’s enemies waged war on him; so he crossed the sea to bring him aid; and so faithfully did he serve him with counsel and sword that Mark gave him his sister Blanchefleur, whom King Rivalen loved most marvellously. He wedded her in Tintagel Minster, but hardly was she wed when the news came to him that his old enemy Duke Morgan had fallen on Lyonesse and was wasting town and field. Then Rivalen manned his ships in haste, and took Blanchefleur with him to his far land; but she was with child. He landed below his castle of Kanoël and gave the Queen in ward to his Marshal Rohalt, and after that set off to wage his war. Blanchefleur waited for him continually, but he did not come home, till she learnt upon a day that Duke Morgan had killed him in foul ambush. She did not weep: she made no cry or lamentation, but her limbs failed her and grew weak, and her soul was filled with a strong desire to be rid of the flesh, and though Rohalt tried to soothe her she would not hear. Three days she awaited re-union with her lord, and on the fourth she brought forth a son; and taking him in her arms she said: “Little son, I have longed a while to see you, and now I see you the fairest thing ever a woman bore. In sadness came I hither, in sadness did I bring forth, and in sadness has your first feast day gone. And as by sadness you came into the world, your name shall be called Tristan; that is the child of sadness.” After she had said these words she kissed him, and immediately when she had kissed him she died. Rohalt, the keeper of faith, took the child, but already Duke Morgan’s men besieged the Castle of Kanoël all round about. There is a wise saying: “Fool-hardy was never hardy,” and he was compelled to yield to Duke Morgan at his mercy: but for fear that Morgan might slay Rivalen’s heir the Marshal hid him among his own sons. When seven years were passed and the time had come to take the child from the women, Rohalt put Tristan under a good master, the Squire Gorvenal, and Gorvenal taught him in a few years the arts that go with barony. He taught him the use of lance and sword and ’scutcheon and bow, and how to cast stone quoits and to leap wide dykes also: and he taught him to hate every lie and felony and to keep his given word; and he taught him the various kinds of song and harp-playing, and the hunter’s craft; and when the child rode among the young squires you would have said that he and his horse and his armour were all one thing. To see him so noble and so proud, broad in the shoulders, loyal, strong and right, all men glorified Rohalt in such a son. But Rohalt remembering Rivalen and Blanchefleur (of whose youth and grace all this was a resurrection) loved him indeed as a son, but in his heart revered him as his lord. Now all his joy was snatched from him on a day when certain merchants of Norway, having lured Tristan to their ship, bore him off as a rich prize, though Tristan fought hard, as a young wolf struggles, caught in a gin. But it is a truth well proved, and every sailor knows it, that the sea will hardly bear a felon ship, and gives no aid to rapine. The sea rose and cast a dark storm round the ship and drove it eight days and eight nights at random, till the mariners caught through the mist a coast of awful cliffs and sea-ward rocks whereon the sea would have ground their hull to pieces: then they did penance, knowing that the anger of the sea came of the lad, whom they had stolen in an evil hour, and they vowed his deliverance and got ready a boat to put him, if it might be, ashore: then the wind, and sea fell and the sky shone, and as the Norway ship grew small in the offing, a quiet tide cast Tristan and the boat upon a beach of sand. Painfully he climbed the cliff and saw, beyond, a lonely rolling heath and a forest stretching out and endless. And he wept, remembering Gorvenal, his father, and the land of Lyonesse. Then the distant cry of a hunt, with horse and hound, came suddenly and lifted his heart, and a tall stag broke cover at the forest edge. The pack and the hunt streamed after it with a tumult of cries and winding horns, but just as the hounds were racing clustered at the haunch, the quarry turned to bay at a stones throw from Tristan; a huntsman gave him the thrust, while all around the hunt had gathered and was winding the kill. But Tristan, seeing by the gesture of the huntsman that he made to cut the neck of the stag, cried out: “My lord, what would you do? Is it fitting to cut up so noble a beast like any farm-yard hog? Is that the custom of this country?” And the huntsman answered: “Fair friend, what startles you? Why yes, first I take off the head of a stag, and then I cut it into four quarters and we carry it on our saddle bows to King Mark, our lord: So do we, and so since the days of the first huntsmen have done the Cornish men. If, however, you know of some nobler custom, teach it us: take this knife and we will learn it willingly.” Then Tristan kneeled and skinned the stag before he cut it up, and quartered it all in order leaving the crow-bone all whole, as is meet, and putting aside at the end the head, the haunch, the tongue and the great heart’s vein; and the huntsmen and the kennel hinds stood over him with delight, and the Master Huntsman said: “Friend, these are good ways. In what land learnt you them? Tell us your country and your name.” “Good lord, my name is Tristan, and I learnt these ways in my country of Lyonesse.” “Tristan,” said the Master Huntsman, “God reward the father that brought you up so nobly; doubtless he is a baron, rich and strong.” Now Tristan knew both speech and silence, and he answered: “No, lord; my father is a burgess. I left his home unbeknownst upon a ship that trafficked to a far place, for I wished to learn how men lived in foreign lands. But if you will accept me of the hunt I will follow you gladly and teach you other crafts of venery.” “Fair Tristan, I marvel there should be a land where a burgess’s son can know what a knight’s son knows not elsewhere, but come with us since you will it; and welcome: we will bring you to King Mark, our lord.” Tristan completed his task; to the dogs he gave the heart, the head, offal and ears; and he taught the hunt how the skinning and the ordering should be done. Then he thrust the pieces upon pikes and gave them to this huntsman and to that to carry, to one the snout to another the haunch to another the flank to another the chine; and he taught them how to ride by twos in rank, according to the dignity of the pieces each might bear. So they took the road and spoke together, till they came on a great castle and round it fields and orchards, and living waters and fish ponds and plough lands, and many ships were in its haven, for that castle stood above the sea. It was well fenced against all assault or engines of war, and its keep, which the giants had built long ago, was compact of great stones, like a chess board of vert and azure. And when Tristan asked its name: “Good liege,” they said, “we call it Tintagel.” And Tristan cried: “Tintagel! Blessed be thou of God, and blessed be they that dwell within thee.” (Therein, my lords, therein had Rivalen taken Blanchefleur to wife, though their son knew it not.) When they came before the keep the horns brought the barons to the gates and King Mark himself. And when the Master Huntsman had told him all the story, and King Mark had marvelled at the good order of the cavalcade, and the cutting of the stag, and the high art of venery in all, yet most he wondered at the stranger boy, and still gazed at him, troubled and wondering whence came his tenderness, and his heart would answer him nothing; but, my lords, it was blood that spoke, and the love he had long since borne his sister Blanchefleur. That evening, when the boards were cleared, a singer out of Wales, a master, came forward among the barons in Hall and sang a harper’s song, and as this harper touched the strings of his harp, Tristan who sat at the King’s feet, spoke thus to him: “Oh master, that is the first of songs! The Bretons of old wove it once to chant the loves of Graëlent. And the melody is rare and rare are the words: master, your voice is subtle: harp us that well.” But when the Welshman had sung, he answered: “Boy, what do you know of the craft of music? If the burgesses of Lyonesse teach their sons harp—play also, and rotes and viols too, rise, and take this harp and show your skill.” Then Tristan took the harp and sang so well that the barons softened as they heard, and King Mark marvelled at the harper from Lyonesse whither so long ago Rivalen had taken Blanchefleur away. When the song ended, the King was silent a long space, but he said at last: “Son, blessed be the master that taught thee, and blessed be thou of God: for God loves good singers. Their voices and the voice of the harp enter the souls of men and wake dear memories and cause them to forget many a mourning and many a sin. For our joy did you come to this roof, stay near us a long time, friend.” And Tristan answered: “Very willingly will I serve you, sire, as your harper, your huntsman and your liege.” So did he, and for three years a mutual love grew up in their hearts. By day Tristan followed King Mark at pleas and in saddle; by night he slept in the royal room with the councillors and the peers, and if the King was sad he would harp to him to soothe his care. The barons also cherished him, and (as you shall learn) Dinas of Lidan, the seneschal, beyond all others. And more tenderly than the barons and than Dinas the King loved him. But Tristan could not forget, or Rohalt his father, or his master Gorvenal, or the land of Lyonesse. My lords, a teller that would please, should not stretch his tale too long, and truly this tale is so various and so high that it needs no straining. Then let me shortly tell how Rohalt himself, after long wandering by sea and land, came into Cornwall, and found Tristan, and showing the King the carbuncle that once was Blanchefleur’s, said: “King Mark, here is your nephew Tristan, son of your sister Blanchefleur and of King Rivalen. Duke Morgan holds his land most wrongfully; it is time such land came back to its lord.” And Tristan (in a word) when his uncle had armed him knight, crossed the sea, and was hailed of his father’s vassals, and killed Rivalen’s slayer and was re-seized of his land. Then remembering how King Mark could no longer live in joy without him, he summoned his council and his barons and said this: “Lords of the Lyonesse, I have retaken this place and I have avenged King Rivalen by the help of God and of you. But two men Rohalt and King Mark of Cornwall nourished me, an orphan, and a wandering boy. So should I call them also fathers. Now a free man has two things thoroughly his own, his body and his land. To Rohalt then, here, I will release my land. Do you hold it, father, and your son shall hold it after you. But my body I give up to King Mark. I will leave this country, dear though it be, and in Cornwall I will serve King Mark as my lord. Such is my judgment, but you, my lords of Lyonesse, are my lieges, and owe me counsel; if then, some one of you will counsel me another thing let him rise and speak.” But all the barons praised him, though they wept; and taking with him Gorvenal only, Tristan set sail for King Mark’s land. THE MORHOLT OUT OF IRELAND When Tristan came back to that land, King Mark and all his Barony were mourning; for the King of Ireland had manned a fleet to ravage Cornwall, should King Mark refuse, as he had refused these fifteen years, to pay a tribute his fathers had paid. Now that year this King had sent to Tintagel, to carry his summons, a giant knight; the Morholt, whose sister he had wed, and whom no man had yet been able to overcome: so King Mark had summoned all the barons of his land to Council, by letters sealed. On the day assigned, when the barons were gathered in hall, and when the King had taken his throne, the Morholt said these things: “King Mark, hear for the last time the summons of the King of Ireland, my lord. He arraigns you to pay at last that which you have owed so long, and because you have refused it too long already he bids you give over to me this day three hundred youths and three hundred maidens drawn by lot from among the Cornish folk. But if so be that any would prove by trial of combat that the King of Ireland receives this tribute without right, I will take up his wager. Which among you, my Cornish lords, will fight to redeem this land?” The barons glanced at each other but all were silent. Then Tristan knelt at the feet of King Mark and said: “Lord King, by your leave I will do battle.” And in vain would King Mark have turned him from his purpose, thinking, how could even valour save so young a knight? But he threw down his gage to the Morholt, and the Morholt took up the gage. On the appointed day he had himself clad for a great feat of arms in a hauberk and in a steel helm, and he entered a boat and drew to the islet of St. Samson’s, where the knights were to fight each to each alone. Now the Morholt had hoisted to his mast a sail of rich purple, and coming fast to land, he moored his boat on the shore. But Tristan pushed off his own boat adrift with his feet, and said: “One of us only will go hence alive. One boat will serve.” And each rousing the other to the fray they passed into the isle. No man saw the sharp combat; but thrice the salt sea-breeze had wafted or seemed to waft a cry of fury to the land, when at last towards the hour of noon the purple sail showed far off; the Irish boat appeared from the island shore, and there rose a clamour of “the Morholt!” When suddenly, as the boat grew larger on the sight and topped a wave, they saw that Tristan stood on the prow holding a sword in his hand. He leapt ashore, and as the mothers kissed the steel upon his feet he cried to the Morholt’s men: “My lords of Ireland, the Morholt fought well. See here, my sword is broken and a splinter of it stands fast in his head. Take you that steel, my lords; it is the tribute of Cornwall.” Then he went up to Tintagel and as he went the people he had freed waved green boughs, and rich cloths were hung at the windows. But when Tristan reached the castle with joy, songs and joy-bells sounding about him, he drooped in the arms of King Mark, for the blood ran from his wounds. The Morholt’s men, they landed in Ireland quite cast down. For when ever he came back into Whitehaven the Morholt had been wont to take joy in the sight of his clan upon the shore, of the Queen his sister, and of his niece Iseult the Fair. Tenderly had they cherished him of old, and had he taken some wound, they healed him, for they were skilled in balms and potions. But now their magic was vain, for he lay dead and the splinter of the foreign brand yet stood in his skull till Iseult plucked it out and shut it in a chest. From that day Iseult the Fair knew and hated the name of Tristan of Lyonesse. But over in Tintagel Tristan languished, for there trickled a poisonous blood from his wound. The doctors found that the Morholt had thrust into him a poisoned barb, and as their potions and their theriac could never heal him they left him in God’s hands. So hateful a stench came from his wound that all his dearest friends fled him, all save King Mark, Gorvenal and Dinas of Lidan. They always could stay near his couch because their love overcame their abhorrence. At last Tristan had himself carried into a boat apart on the shore; and lying facing the sea he awaited death, for he thought: “I must die; but it is good to see the sun and my heart is still high. I would like to try the sea that brings all chances. … I would have the sea bear me far off alone, to what land no matter, so that it heal me of my wound.” He begged so long that King Mark accepted his desire. He bore him into a boat with neither sail nor oar, and Tristan wished that his harp only should be placed beside him: for sails he could not lift, nor oar ply, nor sword wield; and as a seaman on some long voyage casts to the sea a beloved companion dead, so Gorvenal pushed out to sea that boat where his dear son lay; and the sea drew him away. For seven days and seven nights the sea so drew him; at times to charm his grief, he harped; and when at last the sea brought him near a shore where fishermen had left their port that night to fish far out, they heard as they rowed a sweet and strong and living tune that ran above the sea, and feathering their oars they listened immovable. In the first whiteness of the dawn they saw the boat at large: she went at random and nothing seemed to live in her except the voice of the harp. But as they neared, the air grew weaker and died; and when they hailed her Tristan’s hands had fallen lifeless on the strings though they still trembled. The fishermen took him in and bore him back to port, to their lady who was merciful and perhaps would heal him. It was that same port of Whitehaven where the Morholt lay, and their lady was Iseult the Fair. She alone, being skilled in philtres, could save Tristan, but she alone wished him dead. When Tristan knew himself again (for her art restored him) he knew himself to be in the land of peril. But he was yet strong to hold his own and found good crafty words. He told a tale of how he was a seer that had taken passage on a merchant ship and sailed to Spain to learn the art of reading all the stars,—of how pirates had boarded the ship and of how, though wounded, he had fled into that boat. He was believed, nor did any of the Morholt’s men know his face again, so hardly had the poison used it. But when, after forty days, Iseult of the Golden Hair had all but healed him, when already his limbs had recovered and the grace of youth returned, he knew that he must escape, and he fled and after many dangers he came again before Mark the King. THE QUEST OF THE LADY WITH THE HAIR OF GOLD My lords, there were in the court of King Mark four barons the basest of men, who hated Tristan with a hard hate, for his greatness and for the tender love the King bore him. And well I know their names: Andret, Guenelon, Gondoïne and Denoalen. They knew that the King had intent to grow old childless and to leave his land to Tristan; and their envy swelled and by lies they angered the chief men of Cornwall against Tristan. They said: “There have been too many marvels in this man’s life. It was marvel enough that he beat the Morholt, but by what sorcery did he try the sea alone at the point of death, or which of us, my lords, could voyage without mast or sail? They say that warlocks can. It was sure a warlock feat, and that is a warlock harp of his pours poison daily into the King’s heart. See how he has bent that heart by power and chain of sorcery! He will be king yet, my lords, and you will hold your lands of a wizard.” They brought over the greater part of the barons and these pressed King Mark to take to wife some king’s daughter who should give him an heir, or else they threatened to return each man into his keep and wage him war.

The name “One” means that God is uniquely all things through the transcendence of one unity and that he is the Cause of all without ever departing from that oneness. Nothing in the world lacks its share of the One. Just as every number participates in unity — for we refer to one couple, one dozen, one-half, one-third, one-tenth-so everything, and every part of everything, participates in the One. By being the One, it is all things. The One cause of all things is not one of the many things in the world but actually precedes oneness and multiplicity and indeed defines oneness and multiplicity. For multiplicity cannot exist without some participation in the One. That which is many in its parts is one in its entirety. T

You may, however, notice that the Spearman similarities for individual years on this graph are about .1 lower than they were when we graphed fiction as a 39-year moving window. In principle Spearman similarity is independent of corpus size, but it can be affected by the diversity of a corpus. The similarity between two individual texts is generally going to be lower than the similarity between two large and diverse corpora. So could the changes we’ve seen be produced by changes in corpus size? There could be some effect, but I don’t think it’s large enough to explain the phenomenon. [See update at the bottom of this post. The results are in fact even clearer when you keep corpus size constant. -Ed.] The sizes of the corpora for different genres don’t change in a way that would produce the observed decreases in similarity; the fiction corpus, in particular, gets larger as it gets less like nonfiction. Meanwhile, it is at the same time becoming more like poetry. We’re dealing with some factor beyond corpus size.

As we enter the 21st century, the barriers are crumbling.

“I think of suicide as a health issue but also as a societal issue. There’s something going on to where people are not feeling hopeful in increasing numbers and don’t see opportunity or goodness out there," Meyers said. "And we really need to change that as a community and in our health care systems. We want to empower them to say, ‘Yeah, I can think about this, and I don’t have to act on it, and here are the ways I’m going to counter those thoughts or change what’s happening.'”

His fortune may, perhaps, afford him the means of acquiring both, but the mere possession of that fortune does not necessarily convey to him either.

one-on-one interviews

a collaborative endeavor

If we’re doomed to toil away until we die, we may as well pretend to like it. Even on Mondays.

Comprehensive knowledge of the reference wouldrequireustobeabletosayimmediatelywhetheranygivensensebelongsto it. To such knowledge we never attain.

And the essence of that history is, basically, we don't want to, as a country -- well, the vast majority of States, to fund houses of worship.

which predicts the tides.

Faster material and lenses, more automatic cameras, finer-grained sensitive compounds to allow an extension of the minicamera idea, are all imminent

advanced photography which can record what is seen or even what is not

A spider web of metal, sealed in a thin glass container, a wire heated to brilliant glow, in short, the thermionic tube of radio sets, is made by the hundred million, tossed about in packages, plugged into sockets—and it works!

For the biologists, and particularly for the medical scientists, there can be little indecision, for their war has hardly required them to leave the old paths. Many indeed have been able to carry on their war research in their familiar peacetime laboratories. Their objectives remain much the same.

Today, with microfilm, reductions by a linear factor of 20 can be employed and still produce full clarity when the material is re-enlarged for examination

“Consider a future device …  in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.”

his publication did not reach the few who were capable of grasping and extending it

First, they have increased his control of his material environment. They have improved his food, his clothing, his shelter; they have increased his security and released him partly from the bondage of bare existence.

They have done their part on the devices that made it possible to turn back the enemy

The perfection of these pacific instruments should be the first objective of our scientists as they emerge from their war work

For years inventions have extended man's physical powers rather than the powers of his mind

To make the record, we now push a pencil or tap a typewriter.

educing the size of the record,

The treated film

conclusions which he cannot find time to grasp, much less to remember, as they appear

aterial environment.

turn back the enemy

The world has arrived at an age of cheap complex devices of great reliability; and something is bound to come of it.

specialization becomes increasingly necessary for progress, and the effort to bridge between disciplines is correspondingly superficial.

giving the promise of an improved mental health

It is the physicists who have been thrown most violently off stride

There will always be plenty of things to compute in the detailed affairs of millions of people doing complicated things.

The world has arrived at an age of cheap complex devices of great reliability; and something is bound to come of it.

vironme

Science has provided the swiftest communication between individuals; it has provided a record of ideas and has enabled man to manipulate and to make extracts from that record so that knowledge evolves and endures throughout the life of a race rather than that of an individual.

They have improved his food, his clothing, his shelter; they have increased his security and released him partly from the bondage of bare existence

it would be advantageous to be able to snap the camera and to look at the picture immediately.

Science has provided the swiftest communication between individuals; it has provided a record of ideas and has enabled man to manipulate and to make extracts from that record so that knowledge evolves and endures throughout the life of a race rather than that of an individual.

Is it not possible that some day the path may be established more directly?

which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility

In the Bell Laboratories there is the converse of this machine, called a Vocoder. The loudspeaker is replaced by a microphone, which picks up sound. Speak to it, and the corresponding keys move.

the whole affair, assembled and compressed, could be lugged off in a moving van. Mere compression, of course, is not enough; one needs not only to make and store a record but also be able to consult it,

The investigator is staggered by the findings and conclusions of thousands of other workers—conclusions which he cannot find time to grasp, much less to remember, as they appear.

Rapid electrical counting appeared soon after the physicists found it desirable to count cosmic rays. For their own purposes the physicists promptly constructed thermionic-tube equipment capable of counting electrical impulses at the rate of 100,000 a second. The advanced arithmetical machines of the future will be electrical in nature, and they will perform at 100 times present speeds, or more.Moreover, they will be far more versatile than present commercial machines, so that they may readily be adapted for a wide variety of operations. They will be controlled by a control card or film, they will select their own data and manipulate it in accordance with the instructions thus inserted, they will perform complex arithmetical computations at exceedingly high speeds, and they will record results in such form as to be readily available for distribution or for later further manipulation. Such machines will have enormous appetites. One of them will take instructions and data from a whole roomful of girls armed with simple key board punches, and will deliver sheets of computed results every few minutes. There will always be plenty of things to compute in the detailed affairs of millions of people doing complicated things.4The repetitive processes of thought are not confined however, to matters of arithmetic and statistics. In fact, every time one combines and records facts in accordance with established logical processes, the creative aspect of thinking is concerned only with the selection of the data and the process to be employed and the manipulation thereafter is repetitive in nature and hence a fit matter to be relegated to the machine. Not so much has been done along these lines, beyond the bounds of arithmetic, as might be done, primarily because of the economics of the situation. The needs of business and the extensive market obviously waiting, assured the advent of mass-produced arithmetical machines just as soon as production methods were sufficiently advanced.With machines for advanced analysis no such situation existed; for there was and is no extensive market; the users of advanced methods of manipulating data are a very small part of the population. There are, however, machines for solving differential equations—and functional and integral equations, for that matter. There are many special machines, such as the harmonic synthesizer which predicts the tides. There will be many more, appearing certainly first in the hands of the scientist and in small numbers.If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world. One might as well attempt to grasp the game of poker entirely by the use of the mathematics of probability. The abacus, with its beads strung on parallel wires, led the Arabs to positional numeration and the concept of zero many centuries before the rest of the world; and it was a useful tool—so useful that it still exists.

Compression is important, however, when it comes to costs. The material for the microfilm Britannica would cost a nickel, and it could be mailed anywhere for a cent. What would it cost to print a million copies? To print a sheet of newspaper, in a large edition, costs a small fraction of a cent. The entire material of the Britannica in reduced microfilm form would go on a sheet eight and one-half by eleven inches. Once it is available, with the photographic reproduction methods of the future, duplicates in large quantities could probably be turned out for a cent apiece beyond the cost of materials. The preparation of the original copy? That introduces the next aspect of the subject.

They have improved his food, his clothing, his shelter; they have increased his security and released him partly from the bondage of bare existence. They have given him increased knowledge of his own biological processes so that he has had a progressive freedom from disease and an increased span of life. They are illuminating the interactions of his physiological and psychological functions, giving the promise of an improved mental health.

“Consider a future device …  in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.”

The summation of human experience is being expanded at a prodigious rate, and the means we use for threading through the consequent maze to the momentarily important item is the same as was used in the days of square-rigged ships.

To make the record, we now push a pencil or tap a typewriter. Then comes the process of digestion and correction, followed by an intricate process of typesetting, printing, and distribution.

If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world. One might as well attempt to grasp the game of poker entirely by the use of the mathematics of probability.

manipulate

Leibnitz invented a calculating machine which embodied most of the essential features of recent keyboard devices,

“Consider a future device …  in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.”

With one item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain. It has other characteristics, of course; trails that are not frequently followed are prone to fade, items are not fully permanent, memory is transitory. Yet the speed of action, the intricacy of trails, the detail of mental pictures, is awe-inspiring beyond all else in nature.

Adding is only one operation

Today we make the record conventionally by writing and photography, followed by printing; but we also record on film, on wax disks, and on magnetic wires

The economics of the situation were against it

will the author of the future cease writing by hand or typewriter and talk directly to the record?

Yet specialization becomes increasingly necessary for progress, and the effort to bridge between disciplines is correspondingly superficial.

fighting has ceased

truly significant attainments become lost in the mass of the inconsequential

It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.”

security

The camera hound of the future wears on his forehead a lump a little larger than a walnut. It takes pictures 3 millimeters square, later to be projected or enlarged, which after all involves only a factor of 10 beyond present practice. The lens is of universal focus, down to any distance accommodated by the unaided eye, simply because it is of short focal length. There is a built-in photocell on the walnut such as we now have on at least one camera, which automatically adjusts exposure for a wide range of illumination. There is film in the walnut for a hundred exposures, and the spring for operating its shutter and shifting its film is wound once for all when the film clip is inserted. It produces its result in full color.

The personnel officer of a factory drops a stack of a few thousand employee cards into a selecting machine, sets a code in accordance with an established convention, and produces in a short time a list of all employees who live in Trenton and know Spanish. Even such devices are much too slow when it comes, for example, to matching a set of fingerprints with one of five million on file. Selection devices of this sort will soon be speeded up from their present rate of reviewing data at a few hundred a minute. By the use of photocells and microfilm they will survey items at the rate of a thousand a second, and will print out duplicates of those selected.

Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified. The lawyer has at his touch the associated opinions and decisions of his whole experience, and of the experience of friends and authorities. The patent attorney has on call the millions of issued patents, with familiar trails to every point of his client's interest. The physician, puzzled by a patient's reactions, strikes the trail established in studying an earlier similar case, and runs rapidly through analogous case histories, with side references to the classics for the pertinent anatomy and histology. The chemist, struggling with the synthesis of an organic compound, has all the chemical literature before him in his laboratory, with trails following the analogies of compounds, and side trails to their physical and chemical behavior.

Consider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, "memex" will do. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.

Now rapid selection can slide just the proper card into position in an instant or two, and return it afterward. Another difficulty occurs, however. Someone must read a total on the card, so that the machine can add its computed item to it. Conceivably the cards might be of the dry photography type I have described. Existing totals could then be read by photocell, and the new total entered by an electron beam.

If necessary, it could be made extremely fast by substituting thermionic-tube switching for mechanical switching, so that the full selection could be made in one one-hundredth of a second. No one would wish to spend the money necessary to make this change in the telephone system, but the general idea is applicable elsewhere.

Selection devices of this sort will soon be speeded up from their present rate of reviewing data at a few hundred a minute. By the use of photocells and microfilm they will survey items at the rate of a thousand a second, and will print out duplicates of those selected.

For this reason there still come more machines to handle advanced mathematics for the scientist. Som

As he ponders over his notes in the evening, he again talks his comments into the record. His typed record, as well as his photographs, may both be in miniature, so that he projects them for examination.

The Encyclopædia Britannica could be reduced to the volume of a matchbox. A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.

but someone may speed it up, and it has no grain difficulties such as now keep photographic researchers busy. Often it would be advantageous to be able to snap the camera and to look at the picture immediately.

On a pair of ordinary glasses is a square of fine lines near the top of one lens, where it is out of the way of ordinary vision. When an object appears in that square, it is lined up for its picture. As the scientist of the future moves about the laboratory or the field, every time he looks at something worthy of the record, he trips the shutter and in it goes, without even an audible click.

Certainly progress in photography is not going to stop. Faster material and lenses, more automatic cameras, finer-grained sensitive compounds to allow an extension of the minicamera idea, are all imminent. Let us project this trend ahead to a logical, if not inevitable, outcome. The camera hound of the future wears on his forehead a lump a little larger than a walnut. It takes pictures 3 millimeters square, later to be projected or enlarged, which after all involves only a factor of 10 beyond present practice. The lens is of universal focus, down to any distance accommodated by the unaided eye, simply because it is of short focal length. There is a built-in photocell on the walnut such as we now have on at least one camera, which automatically adjusts exposure for a wide range of illumination. There is film in the walnut for a hundred exposures, and the spring for operating its shutter and shifting its film is wound once for all when the film clip is inserted. It produces its result in full color.

Now, says Dr. Bush, instruments are at hand which, if properly developed, will give man access to and command over the inherited knowledge of the ages.

On this are placed longhand notes, photographs, memoranda, all sorts of things. When one is in place, the depression of a lever causes it to be photographed onto the next blank space in a section of the memex film, dry photography being employed.

For this reason there still come more machines to handle advanced mathematics for the scientist.

the users of advanced methods of manipulating data are a very small part of the population

will the author of the future cease writing by hand or typewriter and talk directly to the record?

A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.

Consider film of the same thickness as paper, although thinner film will certainly be usable.

The cord which trips its shutter may reach down a man's sleeve within easy reach of his fingers.

record on film

They have done their part on the devices that made it possible to turn back the enemy, have worked in combined effort with the physicists of our allies. They have felt within themselves the stir of achievement. They have been part of a great team. Now, as peace approaches, one asks where they will find objectives worthy of their best.

burying their old professional competition in the demand of a common cause, have shared greatly and learned much. It has been exhilarating to work in effective partnership. Now, for many, this appears to be approaching an end.

Is it not possible that some day the path may be established more directly?

Next, in a history, he finds another pertinent item, and ties the two together.

A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.It consists of a desk, and while it can presumably be operated from a distance, it is primarily the piece of furniture at which he works. On the top are slanting translucent screens, on which material can be projected for convenient reading. There is a keyboard, and sets of buttons and levers. Otherwise it looks like an ordinary desk.

The personnel officer of a factory drops a stack of a few thousand employee cards into a selecting machine, sets a code in accordance with an established convention, and produces in a short time a list of all employees who live in Trenton and know Spanish. Even such devices are much too slow when it comes, for example, to matching a set of fingerprints with one of five million on file.

Combine these two elements, let the Vocoder run the stenotype, and the result is a machine which types when talked to.

Two centuries ago Leibnitz invented a calculating machine which embodied most of the essential features of recent keyboard devices, but it could not then come into use. The economics of the situation were against it: the labor involved in constructing it, before the days of mass production, exceeded the labor to be saved by its use, since all it could accomplish could be duplicated by sufficient use of pencil and paper. Moreover, it would have been subject to frequent breakdown, so that it could not have been depended upon; for at that time and long after, complexity and unreliability were synonymous.

it has provided a record of ideas and has enabled man to manipulate and to make extracts from that record so that knowledge evolves and endures throughout the life of a race rather than that of an individual.

Science has provided the swiftest communication between individuals

. In short, money doesn’t mean; it mov

However personal they may be, these hupomnemata ought not to be understood as intimate journals or as those accounts of spiritual experience (temptations, struggles, downfalls, and victories) that will be found in later Christian literature. They do not constitute a “narrative of oneself”; they do not have the aim of bringing to the light of day the arcana conscientiae, the oral or written confession of which has a purificatory value. The movement they seek to bring about is the reverse of that: the intent is not to pursue the unspeakable, nor to reveal the hidden, nor to say the unsaid, but on the contrary to capture the already-said, to collect what one has managed to hear or read, and for a purpose that is nothing less than the shaping of the self.

Can you afford to hire staff? The Council on Foundations has developed three basic examples to help you decide whether you can afford paid staff. The scenarios below roughly demonstrate the relationship between asset amounts, grant distribution, and staffing expenses. You make grants and do not provide direct charitable services. You want a permanent endowment. Your charitable budget is going to be in the range of 5 to 6 percent of assets The IRS mandated minimum annual charitable expenditure is 5 percent of assets. This includes grants and administrative expenses, but does not include investment management expenses. In the formulas below, we use the median foundation expenditure percentage of 5.5 percent for your charitable budget. No more than 15 percent of your annual charitable budget will be used for administrative expenses. Research by the Council on Foundations shows that the median charitable administrative expense level in relation to the total charitable budget for all private foundations is 8.6 percent. However, smaller foundations don't have the same economies of scale as larger foundations. Therefore, for smaller foundations we suggest that you assume that administrative expenses will be about 15 percent of your annual charitable budget. Annual legal and accounting fees will total $5,000. Depending upon the assets you have available, you may want to think about alternatives that can help you maximize your charitable dollars and choices for giving (see the "Additional Options" section below). Example 1: $1 Million Foundation (No Staff) Because of the small amount of money that should be devoted to administrative expenses (usually no more than 15 percent of your annual charitable budget), the option of hiring part-time staff is not financially prudent with a foundation of this size. Total Annual Charitable Budget $1,000,000 x .055 = $55,000 Assets x 5.5 percent = total annual charitable budget (grants + expenses) Administrative Costs $55,000 x .15 = $8,250 Total annual charitable budget x 15 percent = administrative budget Without paid staff, your administrative costs will reflect only your legal and accounting fees (estimated at $5,000), which in this case is 9 percent of your annual charitable budget. Volunteer Responsibilities Because in this scenario the foundation cannot realistically afford staff, it will be the responsibility of the donor and volunteer board to review all grant requests, go on site visits (as necessary), and handle all grantee correspondence, grantmaking investigations, and governance responsibilities of the foundation. If your grantmaking is focused and the grants are few in number, these responsibilities will be easier for you. These responsibilities can be extremely fulfilling when willingly undertaken. In preliminary responses to the Council's 2002 Foundation Management Survey, 93 percent of family foundation respondents reported that they feel inspired by their philanthropy. Example 2: $5 Million Foundation (Half-time CEO) Council on Foundations research shows the majority of private foundations with assets of $5 million to $9.9 million have part-time staff only. The following calculations assume your half-time CEO salary and benefits are $38,7501 and your annual legal and accounting fees are $5,000: Total Annual Charitable Budget $5,000,000 x .055 = $275,000 Assets x 5.5 percent = total annual charitable budget (grants + expenses) Administrative Costs $275,000 x .15 = $41,250 Total annual charitable budget x 15 percent = administrative budget In this case, because your total charitable budget is significantly larger than the previous example, you might consider the option of a half-time staff person. With your half-time CEO salary and benefits at $38,750 and your legal and accounting costs at approximately $5,000, administrative costs total $43,750, which exceeds the recommended 15 percent administrative ceiling. Therefore, you might consider hiring a lower-compensated staff person such as a program officer or administrative assistant, with the board retaining many responsibilities, or hiring a CEO with legal or accounting skills so that the $5,000 fee is reduced. Example 3: $10 Million Foundation (Half-Time CEO and Half-Time Administrative Assistant) In this case, your annual charitable budget is an amount that realistically allows you to consider the option of hiring a half-time CEO and a half-time administrative assistant. Assuming that your half-time CEO and half-time administrative assistant salary/benefits are $68,7502 and your annual legal and accounting fees are $5,000: Total Annual Charitable Budget $10,000,000 x .055 = $550,000 Assets x 5.5 percent = total annual charitable budget (grants + expenses) Administrative Costs $550,000 x .15 = $82,500 Total annual charitable budget x 15 percent = administrative budget Adding personnel and legal and accounting costs gives you a total of $73,750 for administrative costs. In this example, your administrative costs will be 13.4 percent of your annual charitable budget, which is below the 15 percent recommended ceiling. As noted above, there are many options available to manage a private foundation. Our research indicates that many families opt for more than one philanthropic tool, each fulfilling a different goal. For example, in preliminary data from the 2002 Foundation Management Survey, 11 percent of the family foundations responding also had donor advised funds at community foundations. The costs related to starting a foundation on the state level will vary from one state to the next and depend on the type of structure (e.g., trust or corporation, public charity, or private foundation) chosen for the foundation. State fees are paid with submission of required documents to the state office that is responsible for regulating charities; usually this is the secretary of state or the attorney general’s office. In addition, there are fees associated with seeking recognition of charity status with the IRS. Finally, there may be licensing or other fees required for operation of any business in a particular area.

EHC: This is an excellent question, but we don’t know the answer for certain. I think the origin for some of them was the region of Sicily, Sardinia, and southern Italy (some of the groups are called the Shekelesh and the Shardana, which sound similar), but others most likely joined in along the way, as they moved from west to east across the Mediterranean. Consequently, there may have been others from what is present-day Greece and Turkey among the Sea Peoples as well.

he was 6 foot 3, 6 foot 4 at that age.

if you tell people that they have a genetic predisposition to certain health characteristics, such as a low capacity for exercise or a tendency to overeat, their bodies start to respond accordingly. Even if their DNA does not actually contain the gene variants in question.

"defamiliarization": how to tell a well-known tale so as to "make it new."4

The Museum of Viral Memory’s House Mac, Vicki, reading User 23187425’s search queries (from I feel better after I type to you):

Narrator: The danger of their new occupation helped cultivate an air of reckless bravado among the pilots of the Escadrille. “If I should be killed in this war,” one of Chapman’s fellow pilots wrote home, “I will at least die as a man should.” Michael Neiberg, Historian: They throw outlandish parties. They have two lion cubs, Whiskey and Soda, as their mascots. Celebrities from all over Europe want to have dinner with them, want to see them. So they have this devil-may-care attitude. They don’t really need the French army’s discipline. The French army needs them more than they need the French army. They fly in their bathrobes. They do more or less whatever they want. Narrator: The Lafayette Escadrille made headlines in the United States and an American film crew arrived in France to chronicle the exploits of Victor Chapman and his fellow aviators. Voice: Victor Chapman: Dear Father, [We] roared and buzzed . . . past the camera man, up into the air. Then one at a time we rushed by him. I must say that he had nerve. . . You will see it all, I expect, sometime this summer; for it is to be given to some American cinema company in Paris Andrew Carroll, Writer: They’re very popular and regardless of what Americans felt about the war itself, these guys were in a way heroes. They were kind of like the early astronauts. Narrator: For all their fame, and often reckless bravery, the pilots of the Lafayette Escadrille understood that the odds against their survival were daunting. On June 23rd, Victor Chapman dove into a dogfight, trying to rescue some of his comrades. He shot down three German planes, before being overwhelmed, his plane riddled with bullets. He became the first American flier to give his life for France. A French friend of the Chapman’s wrote to Victor’s father shortly after his death. “I have just left the Church . . . after attending the service in honor of your son… The self sacrifice of this one who comes to us, and places himself at our side, for no other reason than to make right triumph over wrong, is worthy of . . . honor. America has sent us this sublime youth, and our gratitude for him is such that it flows back upon his country.” Richard Rubin, Writer: They were handsome, well-bred young men who went off to do what they thought was right, even though the United States didn’t want to get involved in the fight at that point. And they were flying airplanes which captured the imagination of the entire world. To this day, the image that we think of often when we think of World War I is an aviator with his goggles and his leather cap and his long silk scarf. They were a very tiny minority of any fighting force. But they were, in essence, the face that all the armies wanted to show the enemy and the world.

Horrified by what the war had become, in April of 1915, a group of delegates from the Woman’s Peace Party set off for the International Congress of Women, in The Hague. The WPP numbered more than 40,000 women nationwide, and their goal was the creation of an internationally sanctioned framework for an end to the war. The president was Jane Addams. Helen Zoe Veit, Historian: Jane Addams was in some ways the preeminent progressive. She founded a settlement house in Chicago called Hull House that was a place where immigrants and poor people could go to get help, to get education. She toured the country as a lecturer, in the name of peace. She was one of the most visible women in America at this time. Narrator: “We do not think that by raising our hands we can make the armies cease slaughter.” Addams admitted, “[But] we do think it is fitting that women should meet and take counsel to see what may be done.” One of the peace movement’s harshest critics, former president, Theodore Roosevelt, lashed out at Addams and her fellow pacifists.  “It is base and evil to clamor for peace in the abstract,” he thundered, “when silence is kept about concrete and hideous wrongs done to humanity at this very moment.”  The women were undeterred. Roosevelt was a “barbarian”, they responded, “out of his element” and “half a century out of date. More than a thousand women, from 12 different nations, attended the conference, including representatives from Germany and Austria-Hungary. Kimberly Jensen, Historian: Addams and women from many nations gathered to say war must end, and we must not engage in this conflict. The world has come too far to allow a barbarous war like this to happen and to really destroy what we have built. She saw alliances among women across national boundaries to be a very important pathway to peace. Michael Kazin, Historian: The reason why Jane Addams and other pacifist feminists go to The Hague is to put pressure on Wilson to get involved in really backing up with actions what he’s been saying all along which is that it is the role of the United States to help mediate the war. And so in a sense this is a citizen’s peace initiative which is trying to nudge Wilson to do the right thing.   Narrator: On her return to America, Jane Addams met with Wilson six times. Christopher Capozzola, Historian: He hears from her about what she’s seen in Europe. And I think it clearly influences him by making him think that his instinct that America should have a leadership role in settling the peace is a correct one.

NewsNightly NewsMeet the PressDatelineMSNBCTODAYSearchSponsored ByHalf of women in STEM have experienced gender discrimination at work, study finds Share this —U.S. newsHalf of women in STEM have experienced gender discrimination at work, study finds An Assistant Professor of Genetics and Developmental Biology works on stem cells.Spencer Platt / Getty Images filemps._execAd("interstitial");Breaking News EmailsGet breaking news alerts and special reports. The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings.SUBSCRIBEJan. 9, 2018 / 2:26 PM CST / Updated Jan. 9, 2018 / 2:26 PM CSTBy Elizabeth ChuckHalf of all women working in science, technology, engineering and math have experienced gender discrimination at work, according to a new study released the day after a disgraced Google engineer filed a lawsuit claiming white conservative men are the true victims of Silicon Valley.James Damore was fired from Google after writing a 10-page memo citing women's "neuroticism" as a reason there are fewer female workers in high-stress jobs at the search giant. The lawsuit he filed Monday argues that Google was so overly concerned with filling gender and racial quotas that it was hurting male employees as well as potential male employees.Video Will Begin In...3Fired Google engineer James Damore defends his manifesto about diversityAug. 10, 201702:34But a study out on Tuesday from the Pew Research Center, which polled more than 4,900 workers in the U.S., found that in the traditionally male-dominated fields of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM), only 19 percent of men said they had experienced gender discrimination at work, versus 50 percent of women.mps._execAd("boxinline");In certain STEM subsets, the proportion of women reporting discrimination was even higher: 78 percent of those who work in majority-male workplaces reported gender discrimination, followed by 74 percent of those working in computer jobs.Even outside of STEM, the numbers were high, with 41 percent of women in non-STEM jobs saying they've dealt with discrimination, the Pew study found."The challenges that women in STEM face often echo the challenges of all working women," said Cary Funk, lead author of the report and Pew's director of science and society research. "What the study does is take a broad-based look at the issues facing the STEM workforce. I think they really speak to the complex issues surrounding diversity in the workplace."The Pew study, which was conducted last July and August, before Hollywood's sexual misconduct scandal led to a national reckoning, also polled women on sexual harassment. Both groups were equally likely to say they had experienced sexual harassment at work — 22 percent.mps._execAd("boxinline",0,1,false);Both groups were less likely than their male counterparts to think that women are "usually treated fairly" when it comes to opportunities for promotion and advancement.RecommendedVideo Will Begin In...3Penny Marshall, famed actress and comedian, dead at 75Video Will Begin In...3Actress Penny Marshall dead at 75Damore's viewpoint, both in and outside of Google, is disputed. Google faces a separate suit filed by three women who allege the company pays women less than men for similar work and gives them less opportunity for promotions, bonuses and raises — a claim Google denies.Stephanie Newby, the CEO of Crimson Hexagon, an artificial intelligence company that provides consumer insights based on publicly available data, said she was "not at all surprised" by Pew's findings.In 2004, Newby founded Golden Seeds, an investment firm that provides capital to women-led businesses. At Crimson Hexagon, she said she has made a point of hiring and promoting qualified female candidates after seeing first-hand the challenges that women entrepreneurs and women in male-oriented jobs face.mps._execAd("boxinline",0,2,false);"We need environments where women can thrive, not be cornered about how they look or have to think about the kinds of things that make them worry about being different or trying to prove themselves, because so much energy can be expended on that instead of getting the job done," she said. "I think it provides a competitive advantage for us that we have women in senior positions."by Taboolaby TaboolaSPONSORED STORIESNationLandlines Are Disappearing with This Increasingly Popular OptionNationUndoExperianWhat is Alternative Credit Data?ExperianUndoby Taboolaby TaboolaSPONSORED STORIESDroneX ProThis $99 Drone Might Be The Most Amazing Invention In 2018DroneX ProUndoMy Smart Gadgets19 Insanely Cool Gadgets That Are Going To Sell Out This YearMy Smart GadgetsUndoUSA TodayMilitary Dad Comes Home To Unexpected ReactionUSA TodayUndogo.gadgetspost.com23 Cool Products Flying Off Shelves These Holidaysgo.gadgetspost.comUndoMicrosoft AzureHere’s What Makes An Azure Free Account So Valuable...Microsoft AzureUndoGadgets PostThe 19 Best Products Of 2018 RankedGadgets PostUndoTactical WatchMilitary Watch Everybody in United States is Talking AboutTactical WatchUndoTact WatchFinally. The Smart Watch Every Man In United States Has Been Waiting For!Tact WatchUndoU.S. newsSenate passes sweeping criminal justice reform billThe House is expected to take up the Senate version of the bill at a later date before sending it to the president.Senate Majority Leader Republican Mitch McConnell speaks during a news conference on negotiations to avoid a partial shutdown of the federal government on Capitol Hill on Dec. 18, 2018.Michael Reynolds / EPABreaking News EmailsGet breaking news alerts and special reports. The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings.SUBSCRIBEDec. 18, 2018 / 8:02 PM CST / Updated 8:38 PM CSTBy Rebecca Shabad and Phil HelselWASHINGTON — The Senate passed a huge criminal law reform bill on Tuesday night, seizing on bipartisan support for the broadest set of changes to federal crime statutes in a generation.A rare coalition of conservatives, liberals, activists, prosecutors and defense attorneys — spanning the political spectrum — pushed senators to pass the "First Step Act" by a final vote of 87-12.mps._execAd("boxinline",0,3,false);The House is expected to take up the Senate version of the bill at a later date. The House passed a similar version of the bill back in May by a wide margin, 360-59.President Donald Trump announced in November that he backs the legislation.Supporters of the bill claim that changes passed in the Senate would make America's criminal justice system fairer, reduce overcrowding and save taxpayer dollars — much to the benefit of drug and non-violent offenders.The bill would not affect state prisons. It only covers federal prisoners, who make up less than 10 percent of America's prison population.mps._execAd("boxinline",0,4,false);Trump quickly jumped on Twitter to hail the bill’s passage, and said "America is the greatest Country in the world and my job is to fight for ALL citizens, even those who have made mistakes.""This will keep our communities safer, and provide hope and a second chance, to those who earn it. In addition to everything else, billions of dollars will be saved. I look forward to signing this into law!” the president tweeted.Durbin: Kushner 'very important partner' in passing criminal justice reform billDec. 18, 201802:44The Senate bill overcame late obstacles by Sens. Tom Cotton, R-Ark., and John Kennedy, R-La.RecommendedSchool district police officer hit and run caught on cameraMcConnell convinced government shutdown won't happenCotton railed against the First Step Act as a "jailbreak" and said too many crimes were being included to allow prisoners consideration for early release.mps._execAd("boxinline",0,5,false);Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, in urging senators to reject an amendment sponsored by Cotton, said “this law is centered towards those people that are the least violent people that are in prison already," and that “we’re only going to help low-level offenders.""Let's see if we can keep our bipartisan coalition together, to pass a bill that the president said that he is ready to sign," Grassley said. The amendment was defeated.A major provision of the bill gives judges more leeway to diverge from strict mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent drug offenders with criminal histories.House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wisc., tweeted after the Senate vote: "Criminal justice reform is about giving more Americans a chance at redemption. The House looks forward to sending it to the president to become law."Rebecca ShabadRebecca Shabad is a congressional reporter for NBC News, based in Washington.Phil HelselPhil Helsel is a reporter for NBC News.David K. Li and Frank Thorp V contributed.MORE FROM newsAboutContactCareersPrivacy policyTerms of ServiceSiteMapAdvertiseAdChoices© 2018 NBC UNIVERSAL

Individualism is a concept that is highlighted in every motivational spiel, but does it really exist? The child in me would like to believe that it does, but I cannot ignore the clones that wandered the hallways of my high school. Society promotes individuality, yet there are little to no changes in our tendency to conform. As teenagers, we want to fit in, so we follow the crowd. Who would willingly outcast themselves from society? Even beyond high school, we are naturally inclined to assimilate ourselves into a community. That is why, when words such as “individuality” are defined, it seems a little far-fetched. The Merriam-Webster dictionary states that individuality is a “total character peculiar to and distinguishing an individual from others.” Is it possible to be this unique? Or are we unconsciously mimicking those around us? To what extent are we influenced by social norms and the behaviors of others?

I stood under the beating sun, my shoes covered in rust-colored dirt, as the Himba (an indigenous Namibian tribe)’s signature earthly smell from the clay they use to cover their bodies wafted into my nostrils. My family had just presented the tribe with some gifts as a sign of respect, but there was no way to communicate what our gifts were to be used for, or any way to tell if they were pleased, offended, or simply confused. At the time, I was too focused on the obvious language barrier, but as I look back, I realize that maybe I couldn’t tell what the Himba were thinking because they used body language or wore facial expressions different than the ones we were used to. Although judging someone’s emotion based on what we see may be considered an innate ability, perception of facial expressions of emotion may actually be culturally bound. For example, would someone in Arkansas be able to tell what someone in Japan is feeling, just from the expression on their face? When traveling, I often wonder if it is just the language barrier that impedes tourists and locals from understanding each other, or if there is more in the way of full comprehension between these two groups, such as the way people convey their emotions through the expressions on their faces. 

shouldn’t struggle to find employment

Medicare For All +

Any given book_ of his library /_and presumably other textual material, such as notes/ can thus be called up and consulted with far greater facility than if it were taken from a shelf

An alien . . . whose removal is unlikely in the reasonably foreseeable future, may be detained for additional periods of up to six months only if the release of the alien will threaten the national security of the United States or the safety of the community or any person.

n particular, describing all struggles against imperialism as ‘decolonizing’ creates a convenient ambiguity between decolonization and social justice work,especially among people of color, queer people, and other groups minoritized by the settler nation-state. ‘We are all colonized,’ may be a true statement but is deceptively embracive and vague, its inference: ‘None of us are settlers.’ Equivocation, or callingeverything by the same name, is a move towards innocence that is especially vogue in coalition politics among people of color

ather, because the prevalence of the adoption narrativein American literature, film, television, holidays and history books far exceeds the actual occurrences of adoptions, we are interested in how this narrative spins a fantasy that an individual settler can become innocent, indeed heroic and indigenized, against a backdrop of national guilt. The adoption fantasy is the mythical trump card desired by critical settlers who feel remorse about settler colonialism, one that absolves them from the inheritance of settler crimes and that bequeaths a new inheritance of Native-ness and claims to land (which is a reaffirmation of what the settler project has been all along).

However, we can all think of examples in which the music does not match what appears to be developing as part of the visual narrative and dialogue. For example, in the context of a slasher film, if several fun-loving teenagers are talking and laughing amongst themselves, but mid-conversation the musical score introduces an ominous, low synthesizer tone (a la Alan Howarth horror film scores), the incongruity between the laughing teenagers and the menacing musical sound will trigger an emotional response in the viewer-listener. In such situations, while the visual portion of the film may portray one meaning, the musical score is allowed to express a different (in this case, underlying psychological) meaning, providing a sense of foreboding…a harbinger of unpleasant events likely to follow.

n the latter half of the 20th century, youth participated in social movements?from the Civil Rights Movement to the recent WTO demonstrations (McAdam, 1988; Tarrow, 1998). However, the lack of a recent social movement that follows previous models of focusing on a single, monolithic issue may be linked to what Foucault (1994) describes as the diffuse and dispersed ways in which power and oppression operate in the current period. P

These days I tend to think of dystopias as being fashionable, perhaps lazy, maybe even complacent, because one pleasure of reading them is cozying into the feeling that however bad our present moment is, it’s nowhere near as bad as the ones these poor characters are suffering through. Vicarious thrill of comfort as we witness/imagine/experience the heroic struggles of our afflicted protagonists—rinse and repeat. Is this catharsis? Possibly more like indulgence, and creation of a sense of comparative safety. A kind of late-capitalist, advanced-nation schadenfreude about those unfortunate fictional citizens whose lives have been trashed by our own political inaction. If this is right, dystopia is part of our all-encompassing hopelessness. On the other hand, there is a real feeling being expressed in them, a real sense of fear. Some speak of a “crisis of representation” in the world today, having to do with governments—that no one anywhere feels properly represented by their government, no matter which style of government it is. Dystopia is surely one expression of that feeling of detachment and helplessness. Since nothing seems to work now, why not blow things up and start over? This would imply that dystopia is some kind of call for revolutionary change. There may be something to that. At the least dystopia is saying, even if repetitiously and unimaginatively, and perhaps salaciously, Something’s wrong. Things are bad.

Models such as these might lead us to suspect that what we need may be less an innovation in the delivery system for higher education today than a new conception of the community that we are building both within our institutions and between those institutions and the public they should serve

because mainstream readers often do not understand our prose, they are able to assume (sometimes dismissively, and sometimes defensively) that the ideas it contains are overblown and unimportant

support a multi-enumerator environment and the potential for quantitative analysis of observations drawn from shadowing.

Sahih al-Bukhari 4986 Zayd ibn Thabit said: Abu Bakr sent for me at the time of the battle of al-Yamama, and ‘Umar ibn al-Kattab was with him. Abu Bakr said: ‘Umar has come to me and said, “Death raged at the battle of al-Yamama and took many of the reciters of the Qur’an. I fear lest death in battle overtake the reciters of the Qur’an in the provinces and a large part of the Qur’an be lost. I think you should give orders to collect the Qur’an.” “What?” I asked ‘Umar, “Will you do something which the Prophet of God himself did not do?” “By God,” replied ‘Umar, “it would be a good deed.” ‘Umar did not cease to urge me until God opened my heart to this and I thought as ‘Umar did. Zayd continued: Abu Bakr said to me, “You are a young man, intelligent, and we see no fault in you, and you have already written down the revelation for the Prophet of God, may God bless and save him. Therefore go and seek the Qur’an and assemble it.” By God, if he had ordered me to move a mountain it would not have been harder for me than his order to collect the Qur’an. “What?” I asked, “Will you do something which the Prophet of God himself, may God bless and save him, did not do?” “By God,” replied Abu Bakr, “it would be a good deed.” And he did not cease to urge me until God opened my heart to this as he had opened the hearts of Abu Bakr and ‘Umar. Then I sought out and collected the parts of the Qur’an, whether written on palm leaves or flat stones or in the hearts of men. Thus I found the end of the Surah of Repentance, which I had been unable to find anywhere else, with Abu’l-Khuzayma al-Ansari. These were the verses: “There came to you a Prophet from among yourselves. It grieves him that you sin . . .” to the end. The leaves were with Abu Bakr until his death, then with ‘Umar as long as he lived, and then with Hafsa the daughter of ‘Umar.

how the theory that intelli-gence is fixed and unchangeable can lead students to in-terpret academic challenges as a sign that they may lackintelligence

de!ne issues of public concern and to exercise power in relation to them.

Recently a young woman was gang raped in a university in Nigeria, I think some of us know about that. And the response of many young Nigerians, both male and female, was something along the lines of this: "Yes, rape is wrong. But what is a girl doing in a room with four boys?" Now, if we can forget the horrible inhumanity of that response, these Nigerians have been raised to think of women as inherently guilty, and they have been raised to expect so little of men that the idea of men as savage beings without any control is somehow acceptable. We teach girls shame. "Close your legs." "Cover yourself." We make them feel as though by being born female they're already guilty of something. And so, girls grow up to be women who cannot see they have desire. They grow up to be women who silence themselves. They grow up to be women who cannot say what they truly think, and they grow up -- and this is the worst thing we did to girls -- they grow up to be women who have turned pretense into an art form.

Now, when a woman says, "I did it for peace in my marriage," she's usually talking about giving up a job, a dream, a career. We teach females that in relationships, compromise is what women do. We raise girls to see each other as competitors -- not for jobs or for accomplishments, which I think can be a good thing, but for attention of men. We teach girls that they cannot be sexual beings in the way that boys are. If we have sons, we don't mind knowing about our sons' girlfriends. But our daughters' boyfriends? God forbid.

n terms of “intimacy” and “openness,” those are traits that we might consider feminine versus perhaps maybe thicker walls, and things that are stronger, and privacy as things that are masculine.Suzanne: I think of Zaha, one of the first female architects that “shifted the plane” and went with softer angles. So softening the plane of an environment, and making things more circular — no square sides at all — it’s more fluid, and we’re seeing a lot more fluidity in workplaces.

o unified military to step in to end the uprisings,

He desires to preserve the Government, that it may be administered for all as it was administered by the men who made it. Loyal citizens everywhere have the right to claim this of their government, and the government has no right to withhold or neglect it.

Ex­orcise is good for you, and human beings are past the point at which Na­ture is a help. Our continued survival, and therefore the survival of the planet we're now dominating beyond all doubt, depends on our thinking past Nature.

The memex is the name of the hypothetical proto-hypertext system that Vannevar Bush described in his 1945 The Atlantic Monthly article "As We May Think".

 "What a sublime conception is that of a last judgment!" said he, -- "a righting of all the wrongs of ages! -- a solving of all moral problems, by an unanswerable wisdom! It is, indeed, a wonderful image."    "It is a fearful one to us," said Miss Ophelia.    "It ought to be to me, I suppose," said St. Clare stopping, thoughtfully. "I was reading to Tom, this afternoon, that chapter in Matthew that gives an account of it, and I have been quite struck with it. One should have expected some terrible enormities charged to those who are excluded from Heaven, as the reason; but no, -- they are condemned for not doing positive good, as if that included every possible harm."    "Perhaps," said Miss Ophelia, "it is impossible for a person who does no good not to do harm."    "And what," said St. Clare, speaking abstractedly, but with deep feeling, "what shall be said of one whose own heart, whose education, and the wants of society, have called in vain to some noble purpose; who has floated on, a dreamy, neutral spectator of the struggles, agonies, and wrongs of man, when he should have been a worker?"    "I should say," said Miss Ophelia, "that he ought to repent, and begin now."    "Always practical and to the point!" said St. Clare, his face breaking out into a smile. "You never leave me any time for general reflections, Cousin; you always bring me short up against the actual present; you have a kind of eternal now, always in your mind."    "Now is all the time I have anything to do with," said Miss Ophelia.    "Dear little Eva, -- poor child!" said St. Clare, "she had set her little simple soul on a good work for me."    It was the first time since Eva's death that he had ever said as many words as these to her, and he spoke now evidently repressing very strong feeling. -451-    "My view of Christianity is such," he added, "that I think no man can consistently profess it without throwing the whole weight of his being against this monstrous system of injustice that lies at the foundation of all our society; and, if need be, sacrificing himself in the battle. That is, I mean that I could not be a Christian otherwise, though I have certainly had intercourse with a great many enlightened and Christian people who did no such thing; and I confess that the apathy of religious people on this subject, their want of perception of wrongs that filled me with horror, have engendered in me more scepticism than any other thing."    "If you knew all this," said Miss Ophelia, "why didn't you do it?"    "O, because I have had only that kind of benevolence which consists in lying on a sofa, and cursing the church and clergy for not being martyrs and confessors. One can see, you know, very easily, how others ought to be martyrs."    "Well, are you going to do differently now?" said Miss Ophelia.    "God only knows the future," said St. Clare. "I am braver than I was, because I have lost all; and he who has nothing to lose can afford all risks."    "And what are you going to do?"    "My duty, I hope, to the poor and lowly, as fast as I find it out," said St. Clare, "beginning with my own servants, for whom I have yet done nothing; and, perhaps, at some future day, it may appear that I can do something for a whole class; something to save my country from the disgrace of that false position in which she now stands before all civilized nations."    "Do you suppose it possible that a nation ever will voluntarily emancipate?" said Miss Ophelia.    "I don't know," said St. Clare. "This is a day of great deeds. Heroism and disinterestedness are rising up, here and there, in the earth. The Hungarian nobles -452- set free millions of serfs, at an immense pecuniary loss; and, perhaps, among us may be found generous spirits, who do not estimate honor and justice by dollars and cents."    "I hardly think so," said Miss Ophelia.    "But, suppose we should rise up to-morrow and emancipate, who would educate these millions, and teach them how to use their freedom? They never would rise to do much among us. The fact is, we are too lazy and unpractical, ourselves, ever to give them much of an idea of that industry and energy which is necessary to form them into men. They will have to go north, where labor is the fashion, -- the universal custom; and tell me, now, is there enough Christian philanthropy, among your northern states, to bear with the process of their education and elevation? You send thousands of dollars to foreign missions; but could you endure to have the heathen sent into your towns and villages, and give your time, and thoughts, and money, to raise them to the Christian standard? That's what I want to know. If we emancipate, are you willing to educate? How many families, in your town, would take a negro man and woman, teach them, bear with them, and seek to make them Christians? How many merchants would take Adolph, if I wanted to make him a clerk; or mechanics, if I wanted him taught a trade? If I wanted to put Jane and Rosa to a school, how many schools are there in the northern states that would take them in? how many families that would board them? and yet they are as white as many a woman, north or south. You see, Cousin, I want justice done us. We are in a bad position. We are the more obvious oppressors of the negro; but the unchristian prejudice of the north is an oppressor almost equally severe."    "Well, Cousin, I know it is so," said Miss Ophelia, -- "I know it was so with me, till I saw that it was my duty to overcome it; but, I trust I have overcome it; and I know there are many good people at the -453- north, who in this matter need only to be taught what their duty is, to do it. It would certainly be a greater self-denial to receive heathen among us, than to send missionaries to them; but I think we would do it."    "You would I know," said St. Clare. "I'd like to see anything you wouldn't do, if you thought it your duty!"    "Well, I'm not uncommonly good," said Miss Ophelia. "Others would, if they saw things as I do. I intend to take Topsy home, when I go. I suppose our folks will wonder, at first; but I think they will be brought to see as I do. Besides, I know there are many people at the north who do exactly what you said."    "Yes, but they are a minority; and, if we should begin to emancipate to any extent, we should soon hear from you."    Miss Ophelia did not rely. There was a pause of some moments; and St. Clare's countenance was overcast by a sad, dreamy expression.    "I don't know what makes me think of my mother so much, to-night," he said."I have a strange kind of feeling, as if she were near me. I keep thinking of things she used to say. Strange, what brings these past things so vividly back to us, sometimes!"    St. Clare walked up and down the room for some minutes more, and then said,

They engage in safety behaviors, such as rehearsing exactly what to say in aconversation,

Recent evidence has suggested that people with SAD are actuallyconcerned with both positive and negative evaluation.

The wider public is not, in fact, a major consumer of OA research, George Monbiot notwithstanding. OA may have benefits from the point of view of the consumption of knowledge, but it is less clear that it has equivalent benefits from the perspective of the production of knowledge and, more importantly, the ecology of that production (which includes publishers aligned with academic interests and our learned societies and associations).

The advancing speck was observed by the blacks. Their shouts attracted the attention of Don Benito, who, with a return of courtesy, approaching Captain Delano, expressed satisfaction at the coming of some supplies, slight and temporary as they must necessarily prove. Captain Delano responded; but while doing so, his attention was drawn to something passing on the deck below: among the crowd climbing the landward bulwarks, anxiously watching the coming boat, two blacks, to all appearances accidentally incommoded by one of the sailors, violently pushed him aside, which the sailor someway resenting, they dashed him to the deck, despite the earnest cries of the oakum-pickers. “Don Benito,” said Captain Delano quickly, “do you see what is going on there? Look!” But, seized by his cough, the Spaniard staggered, with both hands to his face, on the point of falling. Captain Delano would have supported him, but the servant was more alert, who, with one hand sustaining his master, with the other applied the cordial. Don Benito restored, the black withdrew his support, slipping aside a little, but dutifully remaining within call of a whisper. Such discretion was here evinced as quite wiped away, in the visitor’s eyes, any blemish of impropriety which might have attached to the attendant, from the indecorous conferences before mentioned; showing, too, that if the servant were to blame, it might be more the master’s fault than his own, since, when left to himself, he could conduct thus well. His glance called away from the spectacle of disorder to the more pleasing one before him, Captain Delano could not avoid again congratulating his host upon possessing such a servant, who, though perhaps a little too forward now and then, must upon the whole be invaluable to one in the invalid’s situation. “Tell me, Don Benito,” he added, with a smile–“I should like to have your man here, myself–what will you take for him? Would fifty doubloons be any object?” “Master wouldn’t part with Babo for a thousand doubloons,” murmured the black, overhearing the offer, and taking it in earnest, and, with the strange vanity of a faithful slave, appreciated by his master, scorning to hear so paltry a valuation put upon him by a stranger. But Don Benito, apparently hardly yet completely restored, and again interrupted by his cough, made but some broken reply. Soon his physical distress became so great, affecting his mind, too, apparently, that, as if to screen the sad spectacle, the servant gently conducted his master below. Left to himself, the American, to while away the time till his boat should arrive, would have pleasantly accosted some one of the few Spanish seamen he saw; but recalling something that Don Benito had said touching their ill conduct, he refrained; as a shipmaster indisposed to countenance cowardice or unfaithfulness in seamen. While, with these thoughts, standing with eye directed forward towards that handful of sailors, suddenly he thought that one or two of them returned the glance and with a sort of meaning. He rubbed his eyes, and looked again; but again seemed to see the same thing. Under a new form, but more obscure than any previous one, the old suspicions recurred, but, in the absence of Don Benito, with less of panic than before. Despite the bad account given of the sailors, Captain Delano resolved forthwith to accost one of them. Descending the poop, he made his way through the blacks, his movement drawing a queer cry from the oakum-pickers, prompted by whom, the negroes, twitching each other aside, divided before him; but, as if curious to see what was the object of this deliberate visit to their Ghetto, closing in behind, in tolerable order, followed the white stranger up. His progress thus proclaimed as by mounted kings-at-arms, and escorted as by a Caffre guard of honor, Captain Delano, assuming a good-humored, off-handed air, continued to advance; now and then saying a blithe word to the negroes, and his eye curiously surveying the white faces, here and there sparsely mixed in with the blacks, like stray white pawns venturously involved in the ranks of the chess-men opposed. While thinking which of them to select for his purpose, he chanced to observe a sailor seated on the deck engaged in tarring the strap of a large block, a circle of blacks squatted round him inquisitively eying the process. The mean employment of the man was in contrast with something superior in his figure. His hand, black with continually thrusting it into the tar-pot held for him by a negro, seemed not naturally allied to his face, a face which would have been a very fine one but for its haggardness. Whether this haggardness had aught to do with criminality, could not be determined; since, as intense heat and cold, though unlike, produce like sensations, so innocence and guilt, when, through casual association with mental pain, stamping any visible impress, use one seal–a hacked one. Not again that this reflection occurred to Captain Delano at the time, charitable man as he was. Rather another idea. Because observing so singular a haggardness combined with a dark eye, averted as in trouble and shame, and then again recalling Don Benito’s confessed ill opinion of his crew, insensibly he was operated upon by certain general notions which, while disconnecting pain and abashment from virtue, invariably link them with vice. If, indeed, there be any wickedness on board this ship, thought Captain Delano, be sure that man there has fouled his hand in it, even as now he fouls it in the pitch. I don’t like to accost him. I will speak to this other, this old Jack here on the windlass. He advanced to an old Barcelona tar, in ragged red breeches and dirty night-cap, cheeks trenched and bronzed, whiskers dense as thorn hedges. Seated between two sleepy-looking Africans, this mariner, like his younger shipmate, was employed upon some rigging–splicing a cable–the sleepy-looking blacks performing the inferior function of holding the outer parts of the ropes for him. Upon Captain Delano’s approach, the man at once hung his head below its previous level; the one necessary for business. It appeared as if he desired to be thought absorbed, with more than common fidelity, in his task. Being addressed, he glanced up, but with what seemed a furtive, diffident air, which sat strangely enough on his weather-beaten visage, much as if a grizzly bear, instead of growling and biting, should simper and cast sheep’s eyes. He was asked several questions concerning the voyage–questions purposely referring to several particulars in Don Benito’s narrative, not previously corroborated by those impulsive cries greeting the visitor on first coming on board. The questions were briefly answered, confirming all that remained to be confirmed of the story. The negroes about the windlass joined in with the old sailor; but, as they became talkative, he by degrees became mute, and at length quite glum, seemed morosely unwilling to answer more questions, and yet, all the while, this ursine air was somehow mixed with his sheepish one. Despairing of getting into unembarrassed talk with such a centaur, Captain Delano, after glancing round for a more promising countenance, but seeing none, spoke pleasantly to the blacks to make way for him; and so, amid various grins and grimaces, returned to the poop, feeling a little strange at first, he could hardly tell why, but upon the whole with regained confidence in Benito Cereno. How plainly, thought he, did that old whiskerando yonder betray a consciousness of ill desert. No doubt, when he saw me coming, he dreaded lest I, apprised by his Captain of the crew’s general misbehavior, came with sharp words for him, and so down with his head. And yet–and yet, now that I think of it, that very old fellow, if I err not, was one of those who seemed so earnestly eying me here awhile since. Ah, these currents spin one’s head round almost as much as they do the ship. Ha, there now’s a pleasant sort of sunny sight; quite sociable, too. His attention had been drawn to a slumbering negress, partly disclosed through the lacework of some rigging, lying, with youthful limbs carelessly disposed, under the lee of the bulwarks, like a doe in the shade of a woodland rock. Sprawling at her lapped breasts, was her wide-awake fawn, stark naked, its black little body half lifted from the deck, crosswise with its dam’s; its hands, like two paws, clambering upon her; its mouth and nose ineffectually rooting to get at the mark; and meantime giving a vexatious half-grunt, blending with the composed snore of the negress. The uncommon vigor of the child at length roused the mother. She started up, at a distance facing Captain Delano. But as if not at all concerned at the attitude in which she had been caught, delightedly she caught the child up, with maternal transports, covering it with kisses. There’s naked nature, now; pure tenderness and love, thought Captain Delano, well pleased. This incident prompted him to remark the other negresses more particularly than before. He was gratified with their manners: like most uncivilized women, they seemed at once tender of heart and tough of constitution; equally ready to die for their infants or fight for them. Unsophisticated as leopardesses; loving as doves. Ah! thought Captain Delano, these, perhaps, are some of the very women whom Ledyard saw in Africa, and gave such a noble account of. These natural sights somehow insensibly deepened his confidence and ease. At last he looked to see how his boat was getting on; but it was still pretty remote. He turned to see if Don Benito had returned; but he had not. To change the scene, as well as to please himself with a leisurely observation of the coming boat, stepping over into the mizzen-chains, he clambered his way into the starboard quarter-gallery–one of those abandoned Venetian-looking water-balconies previously mentioned–retreats cut off from the deck. As his foot pressed the half-damp, half-dry sea-mosses matting the place, and a chance phantom cats-paw–an islet of breeze, unheralded, unfollowed–as this ghostly cats-paw came fanning his cheek; as his glance fell upon the row of small, round dead-lights–all closed like coppered eyes of the coffined–and the state-cabin door, once connecting with the gallery, even as the dead-lights had once looked out upon it, but now calked fast like a sarcophagus lid; and to a purple-black tarred-over, panel, threshold, and post; and he bethought him of the time, when that state-cabin and this state-balcony had heard the voices of the Spanish king’s officers, and the forms of the Lima viceroy’s daughters had perhaps leaned where he stood–as these and other images flitted through his mind, as the cats-paw through the calm, gradually he felt rising a dreamy inquietude, like that of one who alone on the prairie feels unrest from the repose of the noon. He leaned against the carved balustrade, again looking off toward his boat; but found his eye falling upon the ribbon grass, trailing along the ship’s water-line, straight as a border of green box; and parterres of sea-weed, broad ovals and crescents, floating nigh and far, with what seemed long formal alleys between, crossing the terraces of swells, and sweeping round as if leading to the grottoes below. And overhanging all was the balustrade by his arm, which, partly stained with pitch and partly embossed with moss, seemed the charred ruin of some summer-house in a grand garden long running to waste. Trying to break one charm, he was but becharmed anew. Though upon the wide sea, he seemed in some far inland country; prisoner in some deserted château, left to stare at empty grounds, and peer out at vague roads, where never wagon or wayfarer passed. But these enchantments were a little disenchanted as his eye fell on the corroded main-chains. Of an ancient style, massy and rusty in link, shackle and bolt, they seemed even more fit for the ship’s present business than the one for which she had been built. Presently he thought something moved nigh the chains. He rubbed his eyes, and looked hard. Groves of rigging were about the chains; and there, peering from behind a great stay, like an Indian from behind a hemlock, a Spanish sailor, a marlingspike in his hand, was seen, who made what seemed an imperfect gesture towards the balcony, but immediately as if alarmed by some advancing step along the deck within, vanished into the recesses of the hempen forest, like a poacher. What meant this? Something the man had sought to communicate, unbeknown to any one, even to his captain. Did the secret involve aught unfavorable to his captain? Were those previous misgivings of Captain Delano’s about to be verified? Or, in his haunted mood at the moment, had some random, unintentional motion of the man, while busy with the stay, as if repairing it, been mistaken for a significant beckoning? Not unbewildered, again he gazed off for his boat. But it was temporarily hidden by a rocky spur of the isle. As with some eagerness he bent forward, watching for the first shooting view of its beak, the balustrade gave way before him like charcoal. Had he not clutched an outreaching rope he would have fallen into the sea. The crash, though feeble, and the fall, though hollow, of the rotten fragments, must have been overheard. He glanced up. With sober curiosity peering down upon him was one of the old oakum-pickers, slipped from his perch to an outside boom; while below the old negro, and, invisible to him, reconnoitering from a port-hole like a fox from the mouth of its den, crouched the Spanish sailor again. From something suddenly suggested by the man’s air, the mad idea now darted into Captain Delano’s mind, that Don Benito’s plea of indisposition, in withdrawing below, was but a pretense: that he was engaged there maturing his plot, of which the sailor, by some means gaining an inkling, had a mind to warn the stranger against; incited, it may be, by gratitude for a kind word on first boarding the ship. Was it from foreseeing some possible interference like this, that Don Benito had, beforehand, given such a bad character of his sailors, while praising the negroes; though, indeed, the former seemed as docile as the latter the contrary? The whites, too, by nature, were the shrewder race. A man with some evil design, would he not be likely to speak well of that stupidity which was blind to his depravity, and malign that intelligence from which it might not be hidden? Not unlikely, perhaps. But if the whites had dark secrets concerning Don Benito, could then Don Benito be any way in complicity with the blacks? But they were too stupid. Besides, who ever heard of a white so far a renegade as to apostatize from his very species almost, by leaguing in against it with negroes? These difficulties recalled former ones. Lost in their mazes, Captain Delano, who had now regained the deck, was uneasily advancing along it, when he observed a new face; an aged sailor seated cross-legged near the main hatchway. His skin was shrunk up with wrinkles like a pelican’s empty pouch; his hair frosted; his countenance grave and composed. His hands were full of ropes, which he was working into a large knot. Some blacks were about him obligingly dipping the strands for him, here and there, as the exigencies of the operation demanded. Captain Delano crossed over to him, and stood in silence surveying the knot; his mind, by a not uncongenial transition, passing from its own entanglements to those of the hemp. For intricacy, such a knot he had never seen in an American ship, nor indeed any other. The old man looked like an Egyptian priest, making Gordian knots for the temple of Ammon. The knot seemed a combination of double-bowline-knot, treble-crown-knot, back-handed-well-knot, knot-in-and-out-knot, and jamming-knot. At last, puzzled to comprehend the meaning of such a knot, Captain Delano addressed the knotter:– “What are you knotting there, my man?” “The knot,” was the brief reply, without looking up. “So it seems; but what is it for?” “For some one else to undo,” muttered back the old man, plying his fingers harder than ever, the knot being now nearly completed. While Captain Delano stood watching him, suddenly the old man threw the knot towards him, saying in broken English–the first heard in the ship–something to this effect: “Undo it, cut it, quick.” It was said lowly, but with such condensation of rapidity, that the long, slow words in Spanish, which had preceded and followed, almost operated as covers to the brief English between. For a moment, knot in hand, and knot in head, Captain Delano stood mute; while, without further heeding him, the old man was now intent upon other ropes. Presently there was a slight stir behind Captain Delano. Turning, he saw the chained negro, Atufal, standing quietly there. The next moment the old sailor rose, muttering, and, followed by his subordinate negroes, removed to the forward part of the ship, where in the crowd he disappeared. An elderly negro, in a clout like an infant’s, and with a pepper and salt head, and a kind of attorney air, now approached Captain Delano. In tolerable Spanish, and with a good-natured, knowing wink, he informed him that the old knotter was simple-witted, but harmless; often playing his odd tricks. The negro concluded by begging the knot, for of course the stranger would not care to be troubled with it. Unconsciously, it was handed to him. With a sort of congé, the negro received it, and, turning his back, ferreted into it like a detective custom-house officer after smuggled laces. Soon, with some African word, equivalent to pshaw, he tossed the knot overboard. All this is very queer now, thought Captain Delano, with a qualmish sort of emotion; but, as one feeling incipient sea-sickness, he strove, by ignoring the symptoms, to get rid of the malady. Once more he looked off for his boat. To his delight, it was now again in view, leaving the rocky spur astern. The sensation here experienced, after at first relieving his uneasiness, with unforeseen efficacy soon began to remove it. The less distant sight of that well-known boat–showing it, not as before, half blended with the haze, but with outline defined, so that its individuality, like a man’s, was manifest; that boat, Rover by name, which, though now in strange seas, had often pressed the beach of Captain Delano’s home, and, brought to its threshold for repairs, had familiarly lain there, as a Newfoundland dog; the sight of that household boat evoked a thousand trustful associations, which, contrasted with previous suspicions, filled him not only with lightsome confidence, but somehow with half humorous self-reproaches at his former lack of it. “What, I, Amasa Delano–Jack of the Beach, as they called me when a lad–I, Amasa; the same that, duck-satchel in hand, used to paddle along the water-side to the school-house made from the old hulk–I, little Jack of the Beach, that used to go berrying with cousin Nat and the rest; I to be murdered here at the ends of the earth, on board a haunted pirate-ship by a horrible Spaniard? Too nonsensical to think of! Who would murder Amasa Delano? His conscience is clean. There is some one above. Fie, fie, Jack of the Beach! you are a child indeed; a child of the second childhood, old boy; you are beginning to dote and drule, I’m afraid.” Light of heart and foot, he stepped aft, and there was met by Don Benito’s servant, who, with a pleasing expression, responsive to his own present feelings, informed him that his master had recovered from the effects of his coughing fit, and had just ordered him to go present his compliments to his good guest, Don Amasa, and say that he (Don Benito) would soon have the happiness to rejoin him. There now, do you mark that? again thought Captain Delano, walking the poop. What a donkey I was. This kind gentleman who here sends me his kind compliments, he, but ten minutes ago, dark-lantern in had, was dodging round some old grind-stone in the hold, sharpening a hatchet for me, I thought. Well, well; these long calms have a morbid effect on the mind, I’ve often heard, though I never believed it before. Ha! glancing towards the boat; there’s Rover; good dog; a white bone in her mouth. A pretty big bone though, seems to me.–What? Yes, she has fallen afoul of the bubbling tide-rip there. It sets her the other way, too, for the time. Patience. It was now about noon, though, from the grayness of everything, it seemed to be getting towards dusk. The calm was confirmed. In the far distance, away from the influence of land, the leaden ocean seemed laid out and leaded up, its course finished, soul gone, defunct. But the current from landward, where the ship was, increased; silently sweeping her further and further towards the tranced waters beyond. Still, from his knowledge of those latitudes, cherishing hopes of a breeze, and a fair and fresh one, at any moment, Captain Delano, despite present prospects, buoyantly counted upon bringing the San Dominick safely to anchor ere night. The distance swept over was nothing; since, with a good wind, ten minutes’ sailing would retrace more than sixty minutes, drifting. Meantime, one moment turning to mark “Rover” fighting the tide-rip, and the next to see Don Benito approaching, he continued walking the poop. Gradually he felt a vexation arising from the delay of his boat; this soon merged into uneasiness; and at last–his eye falling continually, as from a stage-box into the pit, upon the strange crowd before and below him, and, by-and-by, recognizing there the face–now composed to indifference–of the Spanish sailor who had seemed to beckon from the main-chains–something of his old trepidations returned. Ah, thought he–gravely enough–this is like the ague: because it went off, it follows not that it won’t come back. Though ashamed of the relapse, he could not altogether subdue it; and so, exerting his good-nature to the utmost, insensibly he came to a compromise. Yes, this is a strange craft; a strange history, too, and strange folks on board. But–nothing more. By way of keeping his mind out of mischief till the boat should arrive, he tried to occupy it with turning over and over, in a purely speculative sort of way, some lesser peculiarities of the captain and crew. Among others, four curious points recurred: First, the affair of the Spanish lad assailed with a knife by the slave boy; an act winked at by Don Benito. Second, the tyranny in Don Benito’s treatment of Atufal, the black; as if a child should lead a bull of the Nile by the ring in his nose. Third, the trampling of the sailor by the two negroes; a piece of insolence passed over without so much as a reprimand. Fourth, the cringing submission to their master, of all the ship’s underlings, mostly blacks; as if by the least inadvertence they feared to draw down his despotic displeasure. Coupling these points, they seemed somewhat contradictory. But what then, thought Captain Delano, glancing towards his now nearing boat–what then? Why, Don Benito is a very capricious commander. But he is not the first of the sort I have seen; though it’s true he rather exceeds any other. But as a nation–continued he in his reveries–these Spaniards are all an odd set; the very word Spaniard has a curious, conspirator, Guy-Fawkish twang to it. And yet, I dare say, Spaniards in the main are as good folks as any in Duxbury, Massachusetts. Ah good! At last “Rover” has come. As, with its welcome freight, the boat touched the side, the oakum-pickers, with venerable gestures, sought to restrain the blacks, who, at the sight of three gurried water-casks in its bottom, and a pile of wilted pumpkins in its bow, hung over the bulwarks in disorderly raptures. Don Benito, with his servant, now appeared; his coming, perhaps, hastened by hearing the noise. Of him Captain Delano sought permission to serve out the water, so that all might share alike, and none injure themselves by unfair excess. But sensible, and, on Don Benito’s account, kind as this offer was, it was received with what seemed impatience; as if aware that he lacked energy as a commander, Don Benito, with the true jealousy of weakness, resented as an affront any interference. So, at least, Captain Delano inferred. In another moment the casks were being hoisted in, when some of the eager negroes accidentally jostled Captain Delano, where he stood by the gangway; so, that, unmindful of Don Benito, yielding to the impulse of the moment, with good-natured authority he bade the blacks stand back; to enforce his words making use of a half-mirthful, half-menacing gesture. Instantly the blacks paused, just where they were, each negro and negress suspended in his or her posture, exactly as the word had found them–for a few seconds continuing so–while, as between the responsive posts of a telegraph, an unknown syllable ran from man to man among the perched oakum-pickers. While the visitor’s attention was fixed by this scene, suddenly the hatchet-polishers half rose, and a rapid cry came from Don Benito. Thinking that at the signal of the Spaniard he was about to be massacred, Captain Delano would have sprung for his boat, but paused, as the oakum-pickers, dropping down into the crowd with earnest exclamations, forced every white and every negro back, at the same moment, with gestures friendly and familiar, almost jocose, bidding him, in substance, not be a fool. Simultaneously the hatchet-polishers resumed their seats, quietly as so many tailors, and at once, as if nothing had happened, the work of hoisting in the casks was resumed, whites and blacks singing at the tackle. Captain Delano glanced towards Don Benito. As he saw his meagre form in the act of recovering itself from reclining in the servant’s arms, into which the agitated invalid had fallen, he could not but marvel at the panic by which himself had been surprised, on the darting supposition that such a commander, who, upon a legitimate occasion, so trivial, too, as it now appeared, could lose all self-command, was, with energetic iniquity, going to bring about his murder. The casks being on deck, Captain Delano was handed a number of jars and cups by one of the steward’s aids, who, in the name of his captain, entreated him to do as he had proposed–dole out the water. He complied, with republican impartiality as to this republican element, which always seeks one level, serving the oldest white no better than the youngest black; excepting, indeed, poor Don Benito, whose condition, if not rank, demanded an extra allowance. To him, in the first place, Captain Delano presented a fair pitcher of the fluid; but, thirsting as he was for it, the Spaniard quaffed not a drop until after several grave bows and salutes. A reciprocation of courtesies which the sight-loving Africans hailed with clapping of hands. Two of the less wilted pumpkins being reserved for the cabin table, the residue were minced up on the spot for the general regalement. But the soft bread, sugar, and bottled cider, Captain Delano would have given the whites alone, and in chief Don Benito; but the latter objected; which disinterestedness not a little pleased the American; and so mouthfuls all around were given alike to whites and blacks; excepting one bottle of cider, which Babo insisted upon setting aside for his master. Here it may be observed that as, on the first visit of the boat, the American had not permitted his men to board the ship, neither did he now; being unwilling to add to the confusion of the decks. Not uninfluenced by the peculiar good-humor at present prevailing, and for the time oblivious of any but benevolent thoughts, Captain Delano, who, from recent indications, counted upon a breeze within an hour or two at furthest, dispatched the boat back to the sealer, with orders for all the hands that could be spared immediately to set about rafting casks to the watering-place and filling them. Likewise he bade word be carried to his chief officer, that if, against present expectation, the ship was not brought to anchor by sunset, he need be under no concern; for as there was to be a full moon that night, he (Captain Delano) would remain on board ready to play the pilot, come the wind soon or late. As the two Captains stood together, observing the departing boat–the servant, as it happened, having just spied a spot on his master’s velvet sleeve, and silently engaged rubbing it out–the American expressed his regrets that the San Dominick had no boats; none, at least, but the unseaworthy old hulk of the long-boat, which, warped as a camel’s skeleton in the desert, and almost as bleached, lay pot-wise inverted amidships, one side a little tipped, furnishing a subterraneous sort of den for family groups of the blacks, mostly women and small children; who, squatting on old mats below, or perched above in the dark dome, on the elevated seats, were descried, some distance within, like a social circle of bats, sheltering in some friendly cave; at intervals, ebon flights of naked boys and girls, three or four years old, darting in and out of the den’s mouth. “Had you three or four boats now, Don Benito,” said Captain Delano, “I think that, by tugging at the oars, your negroes here might help along matters some. Did you sail from port without boats, Don Benito?” “They were stove in the gales, Señor.” “That was bad. Many men, too, you lost then. Boats and men. Those must have been hard gales, Don Benito.” “Past all speech,” cringed the Spaniard. “Tell me, Don Benito,” continued his companion with increased interest, “tell me, were these gales immediately off the pitch of Cape Horn?” “Cape Horn?–who spoke of Cape Horn?” “Yourself did, when giving me an account of your voyage,” answered Captain Delano, with almost equal astonishment at this eating of his own words, even as he ever seemed eating his own heart, on the part of the Spaniard. “You yourself, Don Benito, spoke of Cape Horn,” he emphatically repeated. The Spaniard turned, in a sort of stooping posture, pausing an instant, as one about to make a plunging exchange of elements, as from air to water. At this moment a messenger-boy, a white, hurried by, in the regular performance of his function carrying the last expired half hour forward to the forecastle, from the cabin time-piece, to have it struck at the ship’s large bell. “Master,” said the servant, discontinuing his work on the coat sleeve, and addressing the rapt Spaniard with a sort of timid apprehensiveness, as one charged with a duty, the discharge of which, it was foreseen, would prove irksome to the very person who had imposed it, and for whose benefit it was intended, “master told me never mind where he was, or how engaged, always to remind him to a minute, when shaving-time comes. Miguel has gone to strike the half-hour afternoon. It is now, master. Will master go into the cuddy?” “Ah–yes,” answered the Spaniard, starting, as from dreams into realities; then turning upon Captain Delano, he said that ere long he would resume the conversation. “Then if master means to talk more to Don Amasa,” said the servant, “why not let Don Amasa sit by master in the cuddy, and master can talk, and Don Amasa can listen, while Babo here lathers and strops.” “Yes,” said Captain Delano, not unpleased with this sociable plan, “yes, Don Benito, unless you had rather not, I will go with you.” “Be it so, Señor.” As the three passed aft, the American could not but think it another strange instance of his host’s capriciousness, this being shaved with such uncommon punctuality in the middle of the day. But he deemed it more than likely that the servant’s anxious fidelity had something to do with the matter; inasmuch as the timely interruption served to rally his master from the mood which had evidently been coming upon him. The place called the cuddy was a light deck-cabin formed by the poop, a sort of attic to the large cabin below. Part of it had formerly been the quarters of the officers; but since their death all the partitioning had been thrown down, and the whole interior converted into one spacious and airy marine hall; for absence of fine furniture and picturesque disarray of odd appurtenances, somewhat answering to the wide, cluttered hall of some eccentric bachelor-squire in the country, who hangs his shooting-jacket and tobacco-pouch on deer antlers, and keeps his fishing-rod, tongs, and walking-stick in the same corner. The similitude was heightened, if not originally suggested, by glimpses of the surrounding sea; since, in one aspect, the country and the ocean seem cousins-german. The floor of the cuddy was matted. Overhead, four or five old muskets were stuck into horizontal holes along the beams. On one side was a claw-footed old table lashed to the deck; a thumbed missal on it, and over it a small, meagre crucifix attached to the bulk-head. Under the table lay a dented cutlass or two, with a hacked harpoon, among some melancholy old rigging, like a heap of poor friars’ girdles. There were also two long, sharp-ribbed settees of Malacca cane, black with age, and uncomfortable to look at as inquisitors’ racks, with a large, misshapen arm-chair, which, furnished with a rude barber’s crotch at the back, working with a screw, seemed some grotesque engine of torment. A flag locker was in one corner, open, exposing various colored bunting, some rolled up, others half unrolled, still others tumbled. Opposite was a cumbrous washstand, of black mahogany, all of one block, with a pedestal, like a font, and over it a railed shelf, containing combs, brushes, and other implements of the toilet. A torn hammock of stained grass swung near; the sheets tossed, and the pillow wrinkled up like a brow, as if who ever slept here slept but illy, with alternate visitations of sad thoughts and bad dreams. The further extremity of the cuddy, overhanging the ship’s stern, was pierced with three openings, windows or port-holes, according as men or cannon might peer, socially or unsocially, out of them. At present neither men nor cannon were seen, though huge ring-bolts and other rusty iron fixtures of the wood-work hinted of twenty-four-pounders. Glancing towards the hammock as he entered, Captain Delano said, “You sleep here, Don Benito?” “Yes, Señor, since we got into mild weather.” “This seems a sort of dormitory, sitting-room, sail-loft, chapel, armory, and private closet all together, Don Benito,” added Captain Delano, looking round. “Yes, Señor; events have not been favorable to much order in my arrangements.” Here the servant, napkin on arm, made a motion as if waiting his master’s good pleasure. Don Benito signified his readiness, when, seating him in the Malacca arm-chair, and for the guest’s convenience drawing opposite one of the settees, the servant commenced operations by throwing back his master’s collar and loosening his cravat. There is something in the negro which, in a peculiar way, fits him for avocations about one’s person. Most negroes are natural valets and hair-dressers; taking to the comb and brush congenially as to the castinets, and flourishing them apparently with almost equal satisfaction. There is, too, a smooth tact about them in this employment, with a marvelous, noiseless, gliding briskness, not ungraceful in its way, singularly pleasing to behold, and still more so to be the manipulated subject of. And above all is the great gift of good-humor. Not the mere grin or laugh is here meant. Those were unsuitable. But a certain easy cheerfulness, harmonious in every glance and gesture; as though God had set the whole negro to some pleasant tune. When to this is added the docility arising from the unaspiring contentment of a limited mind and that susceptibility of blind attachment sometimes inhering in indisputable inferiors, one readily perceives why those hypochondriacs, Johnson and Byron–it may be, something like the hypochondriac Benito Cereno–took to their hearts, almost to the exclusion of the entire white race, their serving men, the negroes, Barber and Fletcher. But if there be that in the negro which exempts him from the inflicted sourness of the morbid or cynical mind, how, in his most prepossessing aspects, must he appear to a benevolent one? When at ease with respect to exterior things, Captain Delano’s nature was not only benign, but familiarly and humorously so. At home, he had often taken rare satisfaction in sitting in his door, watching some free man of color at his work or play. If on a voyage he chanced to have a black sailor, invariably he was on chatty and half-gamesome terms with him. In fact, like most men of a good, blithe heart, Captain Delano took to negroes, not philanthropically, but genially, just as other men to Newfoundland dogs. Hitherto, the circumstances in which he found the San Dominick had repressed the tendency. But in the cuddy, relieved from his former uneasiness, and, for various reasons, more sociably inclined than at any previous period of the day, and seeing the colored servant, napkin on arm, so debonair about his master, in a business so familiar as that of shaving, too, all his old weakness for negroes returned. Among other things, he was amused with an odd instance of the African love of bright colors and fine shows, in the black’s informally taking from the flag-locker a great piece of bunting of all hues, and lavishly tucking it under his master’s chin for an apron. The mode of shaving among the Spaniards is a little different from what it is with other nations. They have a basin, specifically called a barber’s basin, which on one side is scooped out, so as accurately to receive the chin, against which it is closely held in lathering; which is done, not with a brush, but with soap dipped in the water of the basin and rubbed on the face. In the present instance salt-water was used for lack of better; and the parts lathered were only the upper lip, and low down under the throat, all the rest being cultivated beard. The preliminaries being somewhat novel to Captain Delano, he sat curiously eying them, so that no conversation took place, nor, for the present, did Don Benito appear disposed to renew any. Setting down his basin, the negro searched among the razors, as for the sharpest, and having found it, gave it an additional edge by expertly strapping it on the firm, smooth, oily skin of his open palm; he then made a gesture as if to begin, but midway stood suspended for an instant, one hand elevating the razor, the other professionally dabbling among the bubbling suds on the Spaniard’s lank neck. Not unaffected by the close sight of the gleaming steel, Don Benito nervously shuddered; his usual ghastliness was heightened by the lather, which lather, again, was intensified in its hue by the contrasting sootiness of the negro’s body. Altogether the scene was somewhat peculiar, at least to Captain Delano, nor, as he saw the two thus postured, could he resist the vagary, that in the black he saw a headsman, and in the white a man at the block. But this was one of those antic conceits, appearing and vanishing in a breath, from which, perhaps, the best regulated mind is not always free. Meantime the agitation of the Spaniard had a little loosened the bunting from around him, so that one broad fold swept curtain-like over the chair-arm to the floor, revealing, amid a profusion of armorial bars and ground-colors–black, blue, and yellow–a closed castle in a blood red field diagonal with a lion rampant in a white. “The castle and the lion,” exclaimed Captain Delano–“why, Don Benito, this is the flag of Spain you use here. It’s well it’s only I, and not the King, that sees this,” he added, with a smile, “but”–turning towards the black–“it’s all one, I suppose, so the colors be gay;” which playful remark did not fail somewhat to tickle the negro. “Now, master,” he said, readjusting the flag, and pressing the head gently further back into the crotch of the chair; “now, master,” and the steel glanced nigh the throat. Again Don Benito faintly shuddered. “You must not shake so, master. See, Don Amasa, master always shakes when I shave him. And yet master knows I never yet have drawn blood, though it’s true, if master will shake so, I may some of these times. Now master,” he continued. “And now, Don Amasa, please go on with your talk about the gale, and all that; master can hear, and, between times, master can answer.” “Ah yes, these gales,” said Captain Delano; “but the more I think of your voyage, Don Benito, the more I wonder, not at the gales, terrible as they must have been, but at the disastrous interval following them. For here, by your account, have you been these two months and more getting from Cape Horn to St. Maria, a distance which I myself, with a good wind, have sailed in a few days. True, you had calms, and long ones, but to be becalmed for two months, that is, at least, unusual. Why, Don Benito, had almost any other gentleman told me such a story, I should have been half disposed to a little incredulity.” Here an involuntary expression came over the Spaniard, similar to that just before on the deck, and whether it was the start he gave, or a sudden gawky roll of the hull in the calm, or a momentary unsteadiness of the servant’s hand, however it was, just then the razor drew blood, spots of which stained the creamy lather under the throat: immediately the black barber drew back his steel, and, remaining in his professional attitude, back to Captain Delano, and face to Don Benito, held up the trickling razor, saying, with a sort of half humorous sorrow, “See, master–you shook so–here’s Babo’s first blood.” No sword drawn before James the First of England, no assassination in that timid King’s presence, could have produced a more terrified aspect than was now presented by Don Benito. Poor fellow, thought Captain Delano, so nervous he can’t even bear the sight of barber’s blood; and this unstrung, sick man, is it credible that I should have imagined he meant to spill all my blood, who can’t endure the sight of one little drop of his own? Surely, Amasa Delano, you have been beside yourself this day. Tell it not when you get home, sappy Amasa. Well, well, he looks like a murderer, doesn’t he? More like as if himself were to be done for. Well, well, this day’s experience shall be a good lesson. Meantime, while these things were running through the honest seaman’s mind, the servant had taken the napkin from his arm, and to Don Benito had said–“But answer Don Amasa, please, master, while I wipe this ugly stuff off the razor, and strop it again.” As he said the words, his face was turned half round, so as to be alike visible to the Spaniard and the American, and seemed, by its expression, to hint, that he was desirous, by getting his master to go on with the conversation, considerately to withdraw his attention from the recent annoying accident. As if glad to snatch the offered relief, Don Benito resumed, rehearsing to Captain Delano, that not only were the calms of unusual duration, but the ship had fallen in with obstinate currents; and other things he added, some of which were but repetitions of former statements, to explain how it came to pass that the passage from Cape Horn to St. Maria had been so exceedingly long; now and then, mingling with his words, incidental praises, less qualified than before, to the blacks, for their general good conduct. These particulars were not given consecutively, the servant, at convenient times, using his razor, and so, between the intervals of shaving, the story and panegyric went on with more than usual huskiness. To Captain Delano’s imagination, now again not wholly at rest, there was something so hollow in the Spaniard’s manner, with apparently some reciprocal hollowness in the servant’s dusky comment of silence, that the idea flashed across him, that possibly master and man, for some unknown purpose, were acting out, both in word and deed, nay, to the very tremor of Don Benito’s limbs, some juggling play before him. Neither did the suspicion of collusion lack apparent support, from the fact of those whispered conferences before mentioned. But then, what could be the object of enacting this play of the barber before him? At last, regarding the notion as a whimsy, insensibly suggested, perhaps, by the theatrical aspect of Don Benito in his harlequin ensign, Captain Delano speedily banished it. The shaving over, the servant bestirred himself with a small bottle of scented waters, pouring a few drops on the head, and then diligently rubbing; the vehemence of the exercise causing the muscles of his face to twitch rather strangely. His next operation was with comb, scissors, and brush; going round and round, smoothing a curl here, clipping an unruly whisker-hair there, giving a graceful sweep to the temple-lock, with other impromptu touches evincing the hand of a master; while, like any resigned gentleman in barber’s hands, Don Benito bore all, much less uneasily, at least than he had done the razoring; indeed, he sat so pale and rigid now, that the negro seemed a Nubian sculptor finishing off a white statue-head. All being over at last, the standard of Spain removed, tumbled up, and tossed back into the flag-locker, the negro’s warm breath blowing away any stray hair, which might have lodged down his master’s neck; collar and cravat readjusted; a speck of lint whisked off the velvet lapel; all this being done; backing off a little space, and pausing with an expression of subdued self-complacency, the servant for a moment surveyed his master, as, in toilet at least, the creature of his own tasteful hands. Captain Delano playfully complimented him upon his achievement; at the same time congratulating Don Benito. But neither sweet waters, nor shampooing, nor fidelity, nor sociality, delighted the Spaniard. Seeing him relapsing into forbidding gloom, and still remaining seated, Captain Delano, thinking that his presence was undesired just then, withdrew, on pretense of seeing whether, as he had prophesied, any signs of a breeze were visible. Walking forward to the main-mast, he stood awhile thinking over the scene, and not without some undefined misgivings, when he heard a noise near the cuddy, and turning, saw the negro, his hand to his cheek. Advancing, Captain Delano perceived that the cheek was bleeding. He was about to ask the cause, when the negro’s wailing soliloquy enlightened him. “Ah, when will master get better from his sickness; only the sour heart that sour sickness breeds made him serve Babo so; cutting Babo with the razor, because, only by accident, Babo had given master one little scratch; and for the first time in so many a day, too. Ah, ah, ah,” holding his hand to his face. Is it possible, thought Captain Delano; was it to wreak in private his Spanish spite against this poor friend of his, that Don Benito, by his sullen manner, impelled me to withdraw? Ah this slavery breeds ugly passions in man.–Poor fellow! He was about to speak in sympathy to the negro, but with a timid reluctance he now re-entered the cuddy. Presently master and man came forth; Don Benito leaning on his servant as if nothing had happened. But a sort of love-quarrel, after all, thought Captain Delano. He accosted Don Benito, and they slowly walked together. They had gone but a few paces, when the steward–a tall, rajah-looking mulatto, orientally set off with a pagoda turban formed by three or four Madras handkerchiefs wound about his head, tier on tier–approaching with a saalam, announced lunch in the cabin. On their way thither, the two captains were preceded by the mulatto, who, turning round as he advanced, with continual smiles and bows, ushered them on, a display of elegance which quite completed the insignificance of the small bare-headed Babo, who, as if not unconscious of inferiority, eyed askance the graceful steward. But in part, Captain Delano imputed his jealous watchfulness to that peculiar feeling which the full-blooded African entertains for the adulterated one. As for the steward, his manner, if not bespeaking much dignity of self-respect, yet evidenced his extreme desire to please; which is doubly meritorious, as at once Christian and Chesterfieldian. Captain Delano observed with interest that while the complexion of the mulatto was hybrid, his physiognomy was European–classically so. “Don Benito,” whispered he, “I am glad to see this usher-of-the-golden-rod of yours; the sight refutes an ugly remark once made to me by a Barbadoes planter; that when a mulatto has a regular European face, look out for him; he is a devil. But see, your steward here has features more regular than King George’s of England; and yet there he nods, and bows, and smiles; a king, indeed–the king of kind hearts and polite fellows. What a pleasant voice he has, too?” “He has, Señor.” “But tell me, has he not, so far as you have known him, always proved a good, worthy fellow?” said Captain Delano, pausing, while with a final genuflexion the steward disappeared into the cabin; “come, for the reason just mentioned, I am curious to know.” “Francesco is a good man,” a sort of sluggishly responded Don Benito, like a phlegmatic appreciator, who would neither find fault nor flatter. “Ah, I thought so. For it were strange, indeed, and not very creditable to us white-skins, if a little of our blood mixed with the African’s, should, far from improving the latter’s quality, have the sad effect of pouring vitriolic acid into black broth; improving the hue, perhaps, but not the wholesomeness.” “Doubtless, doubtless, Señor, but”–glancing at Babo–“not to speak of negroes, your planter’s remark I have heard applied to the Spanish and Indian intermixtures in our provinces. But I know nothing about the matter,” he listlessly added. And here they entered the cabin. The lunch was a frugal one. Some of Captain Delano’s fresh fish and pumpkins, biscuit and salt beef, the reserved bottle of cider, and the San Dominick’s last bottle of Canary. As they entered, Francesco, with two or three colored aids, was hovering over the table giving the last adjustments. Upon perceiving their master they withdrew, Francesco making a smiling congé, and the Spaniard, without condescending to notice it, fastidiously remarking to his companion that he relished not superfluous attendance. Without companions, host and guest sat down, like a childless married couple, at opposite ends of the table, Don Benito waving Captain Delano to his place, and, weak as he was, insisting upon that gentleman being seated before himself. The negro placed a rug under Don Benito’s feet, and a cushion behind his back, and then stood behind, not his master’s chair, but Captain Delano’s. At first, this a little surprised the latter. But it was soon evident that, in taking his position, the black was still true to his master; since by facing him he could the more readily anticipate his slightest want. “This is an uncommonly intelligent fellow of yours, Don Benito,” whispered Captain Delano across the table. “You say true, Señor.” During the repast, the guest again reverted to parts of Don Benito’s story, begging further particulars here and there. He inquired how it was that the scurvy and fever should have committed such wholesale havoc upon the whites, while destroying less than half of the blacks. As if this question reproduced the whole scene of plague before the Spaniard’s eyes, miserably reminding him of his solitude in a cabin where before he had had so many friends and officers round him, his hand shook, his face became hueless, broken words escaped; but directly the sane memory of the past seemed replaced by insane terrors of the present. With starting eyes he stared before him at vacancy. For nothing was to be seen but the hand of his servant pushing the Canary over towards him. At length a few sips served partially to restore him. He made random reference to the different constitution of races, enabling one to offer more resistance to certain maladies than another. The thought was new to his companion. Presently Captain Delano, intending to say something to his host concerning the pecuniary part of the business he had undertaken for him, especially–since he was strictly accountable to his owners–with reference to the new suit of sails, and other things of that sort; and naturally preferring to conduct such affairs in private, was desirous that the servant should withdraw; imagining that Don Benito for a few minutes could dispense with his attendance. He, however, waited awhile; thinking that, as the conversation proceeded, Don Benito, without being prompted, would perceive the propriety of the step. But it was otherwise. At last catching his host’s eye, Captain Delano, with a slight backward gesture of his thumb, whispered, “Don Benito, pardon me, but there is an interference with the full expression of what I have to say to you.” Upon this the Spaniard changed countenance; which was imputed to his resenting the hint, as in some way a reflection upon his servant. After a moment’s pause, he assured his guest that the black’s remaining with them could be of no disservice; because since losing his officers he had made Babo (whose original office, it now appeared, had been captain of the slaves) not only his constant attendant and companion, but in all things his confidant. After this, nothing more could be said; though, indeed, Captain Delano could hardly avoid some little tinge of irritation upon being left ungratified in so inconsiderable a wish, by one, too, for whom he intended such solid services. But it is only his querulousness, thought he; and so filling his glass he proceeded to business. The price of the sails and other matters was fixed upon. But while this was being done, the American observed that, though his original offer of assistance had been hailed with hectic animation, yet now when it was reduced to a business transaction, indifference and apathy were betrayed. Don Benito, in fact, appeared to submit to hearing the details more out of regard to common propriety, than from any impression that weighty benefit to himself and his voyage was involved. Soon, his manner became still more reserved. The effort was vain to seek to draw him into social talk. Gnawed by his splenetic mood, he sat twitching his beard, while to little purpose the hand of his servant, mute as that on the wall, slowly pushed over the Canary. Lunch being over, they sat down on the cushioned transom; the servant placing a pillow behind his master. The long continuance of the calm had now affected the atmosphere. Don Benito sighed heavily, as if for breath. “Why not adjourn to the cuddy,” said Captain Delano; “there is more air there.” But the host sat silent and motionless. Meantime his servant knelt before him, with a large fan of feathers. And Francesco coming in on tiptoes, handed the negro a little cup of aromatic waters, with which at intervals he chafed his master’s brow; smoothing the hair along the temples as a nurse does a child’s. He spoke no word. He only rested his eye on his master’s, as if, amid all Don Benito’s distress, a little to refresh his spirit by the silent sight of fidelity. Presently the ship’s bell sounded two o’clock; and through the cabin windows a slight rippling of the sea was discerned; and from the desired direction. “There,” exclaimed Captain Delano, “I told you so, Don Benito, look!” He had risen to his feet, speaking in a very animated tone, with a view the more to rouse his companion. But though the crimson curtain of the stern-window near him that moment fluttered against his pale cheek, Don Benito seemed to have even less welcome for the breeze than the calm. Poor fellow, thought Captain Delano, bitter experience has taught him that one ripple does not make a wind, any more than one swallow a summer. But he is mistaken for once. I will get his ship in for him, and prove it. Briefly alluding to his weak condition, he urged his host to remain quietly where he was, since he (Captain Delano) would with pleasure take upon himself the responsibility of making the best use of the wind. Upon gaining the deck, Captain Delano started at the unexpected figure of Atufal, monumentally fixed at the threshold, like one of those sculptured porters of black marble guarding the porches of Egyptian tombs. But this time the start was, perhaps, purely physical. Atufal’s presence, singularly attesting docility even in sullenness, was contrasted with that of the hatchet-polishers, who in patience evinced their industry; while both spectacles showed, that lax as Don Benito’s general authority might be, still, whenever he chose to exert it, no man so savage or colossal but must, more or less, bow. Snatching a trumpet which hung from the bulwarks, with a free step Captain Delano advanced to the forward edge of the poop, issuing his orders in his best Spanish. The few sailors and many negroes, all equally pleased, obediently set about heading the ship towards the harbor. While giving some directions about setting a lower stu’n’-sail, suddenly Captain Delano heard a voice faithfully repeating his orders. Turning, he saw Babo, now for the time acting, under the pilot, his original part of captain of the slaves. This assistance proved valuable. Tattered sails and warped yards were soon brought into some trim. And no brace or halyard was pulled but to the blithe songs of the inspirited negroes. Good fellows, thought Captain Delano, a little training would make fine sailors of them. Why see, the very women pull and sing too. These must be some of those Ashantee negresses that make such capital soldiers, I’ve heard. But who’s at the helm. I must have a good hand there. He went to see. The San Dominick steered with a cumbrous tiller, with large horizontal pullies attached. At each pully-end stood a subordinate black, and between them, at the tiller-head, the responsible post, a Spanish seaman, whose countenance evinced his due share in the general hopefulness and confidence at the coming of the breeze. He proved the same man who had behaved with so shame-faced an air on the windlass. “Ah,–it is you, my man,” exclaimed Captain Delano–“well, no more sheep’s-eyes now;–look straight forward and keep the ship so. Good hand, I trust? And want to get into the harbor, don’t you?” The man assented with an inward chuckle, grasping the tiller-head firmly. Upon this, unperceived by the American, the two blacks eyed the sailor intently. Finding all right at the helm, the pilot went forward to the forecastle, to see how matters stood there. The ship now had way enough to breast the current. With the approach of evening, the breeze would be sure to freshen. Having done all that was needed for the present, Captain Delano, giving his last orders to the sailors, turned aft to report affairs to Don Benito in the cabin; perhaps additionally incited to rejoin him by the hope of snatching a moment’s private chat while the servant was engaged upon deck. From opposite sides, there were, beneath the poop, two approaches to the cabin; one further forward than the other, and consequently communicating with a longer passage. Marking the servant still above, Captain Delano, taking the nighest entrance–the one last named, and at whose porch Atufal still stood–hurried on his way, till, arrived at the cabin threshold, he paused an instant, a little to recover from his eagerness. Then, with the words of his intended business upon his lips, he entered. As he advanced toward the seated Spaniard, he heard another footstep, keeping time with his. From the opposite door, a salver in hand, the servant was likewise advancing. “Confound the faithful fellow,” thought Captain Delano; “what a vexatious coincidence.” Possibly, the vexation might have been something different, were it not for the brisk confidence inspired by the breeze. But even as it was, he felt a slight twinge, from a sudden indefinite association in his mind of Babo with Atufal. “Don Benito,” said he, “I give you joy; the breeze will hold, and will increase. By the way, your tall man and time-piece, Atufal, stands without. By your order, of course?” Don Benito recoiled, as if at some bland satirical touch, delivered with such adroit garnish of apparent good breeding as to present no handle for retort. He is like one flayed alive, thought Captain Delano; where may one touch him without causing a shrink? The servant moved before his master, adjusting a cushion; recalled to civility, the Spaniard stiffly replied: “you are right. The slave appears where you saw him, according to my command; which is, that if at the given hour I am below, he must take his stand and abide my coming.” “Ah now, pardon me, but that is treating the poor fellow like an ex-king indeed. Ah, Don Benito,” smiling, “for all the license you permit in some things, I fear lest, at bottom, you are a bitter hard master.” Again Don Benito shrank; and this time, as the good sailor thought, from a genuine twinge of his conscience. Again conversation became constrained. In vain Captain Delano called attention to the now perceptible motion of the keel gently cleaving the sea; with lack-lustre eye, Don Benito returned words few and reserved. By-and-by, the wind having steadily risen, and still blowing right into the harbor bore the San Dominick swiftly on. Sounding a point of land, the sealer at distance came into open view. Meantime Captain Delano had again repaired to the deck, remaining there some time. Having at last altered the ship’s course, so as to give the reef a wide berth, he returned for a few moments below. I will cheer up my poor friend, this time, thought he. “Better and better,” Don Benito, he cried as he blithely re-entered: “there will soon be an end to your cares, at least for awhile. For when, after a long, sad voyage, you know, the anchor drops into the haven, all its vast weight seems lifted from the captain’s heart. We are getting on famously, Don Benito. My ship is in sight. Look through this side-light here; there she is; all a-taunt-o! The Bachelor’s Delight, my good friend. Ah, how this wind braces one up. Come, you must take a cup of coffee with me this evening. My old steward will give you as fine a cup as ever any sultan tasted. What say you, Don Benito, will you?” At first, the Spaniard glanced feverishly up, casting a longing look towards the sealer, while with mute concern his servant gazed into his face. Suddenly the old ague of coldness returned, and dropping back to his cushions he was silent. “You do not answer. Come, all day you have been my host; would you have hospitality all on one side?” “I cannot go,” was the response. “What? it will not fatigue you. The ships will lie together as near as they can, without swinging foul. It will be little more than stepping from deck to deck; which is but as from room to room. Come, come, you must not refuse me.” “I cannot go,” decisively and repulsively repeated Don Benito. Renouncing all but the last appearance of courtesy, with a sort of cadaverous sullenness, and biting his thin nails to the quick, he glanced, almost glared, at his guest, as if impatient that a stranger’s presence should interfere with the full indulgence of his morbid hour. Meantime the sound of the parted waters came more and more gurglingly and merrily in at the windows; as reproaching him for his dark spleen; as telling him that, sulk as he might, and go mad with it, nature cared not a jot; since, whose fault was it, pray? But the foul mood was now at its depth, as the fair wind at its height. There was something in the man so far beyond any mere unsociality or sourness previously evinced, that even the forbearing good-nature of his guest could no longer endure it. Wholly at a loss to account for such demeanor, and deeming sickness with eccentricity, however extreme, no adequate excuse, well satisfied, too, that nothing in his own conduct could justify it, Captain Delano’s pride began to be roused. Himself became reserved. But all seemed one to the Spaniard. Quitting him, therefore, Captain Delano once more went to the deck. The ship was now within less than two miles of the sealer. The whale-boat was seen darting over the interval. To be brief, the two vessels, thanks to the pilot’s skill, ere long neighborly style lay anchored together.

[14] I have already computed the Charge of nursing a Beggars Child (in which list I reckon all Cottagers, Labourers, and four fifths of the Farmers) to be about two Shillings per Annum, Rags included; and I believe no Gentleman would repine to give Ten Shillings for the Carcass of a good fat Child, which, as I have said will make four Dishes of excellent Nutritive Meat, when he hath only some particular friend, or his own Family to Dine with him. Thus the Squire will learn to be a good Landlord, and grow popular among his Tenants, the Mother will have Eight Shillings neat profit, and be fit for Work till she produceth another Child. [15] Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the Times require) may flay the Carcass; the Skin of which, Artificially 17  dressed, will make admirable Gloves for Ladies, and Summer Boots for fine Gentlemen. [16] As to our City of Dublin, Shambles 18  may be appointed for this purpose, in the most convenient parts of it, and Butchers we may be assured will not be wanting, although I rather recommend buying the Children alive, and dressing them hot from the Knife, as we do roasting Pigs. [17] A very worthy Person, a true Lover of his Country, and whose Virtues I highly esteem, was lately pleased, in discoursing on this matter, to offer a refinement upon my Scheme. He said, that many Gentlemen of this Kingdom, having of late destroyed their Deer, he conceived that the want of Venison might be well supplyed by the Bodies of young Lads and Maidens, not exceeding fourteen Years of Age, nor under twelve; so great a Number of both Sexes in every County being now ready to Starve, for want of Work and Service: And these to be disposed of by their Parents if alive, or otherwise by their nearest Relations. But with due deference to so excellent a friend, and so deserving a Patriot, I cannot be altogether in his Sentiments, for as to the Males, my American acquaintance assured me from frequent Experience, that their flesh was generally Tough and Lean, like that of our School-boys, by continual exercise, and their Taste disagreeable, and to Fatten them would not answer the Charge. Then as to the Females, it would, I think, with humble Submission, be a loss to the Publick, because they soon would become Breeders themselves: And besides it is not improbable that some scrupulous People might be apt to Censure such a Practice, (although indeed very unjustly) as a little bordering upon Cruelty, which, I confess, hath always been with me the strongest objection against any Project, how well soever intended. [18] But in order to justify my friend, he confessed, that this expedient was put into his head by the famous Sallmanaazor, 19  a Native of the Island Formosa, who came from thence to London, above twenty Years ago, and in Conversation told my friend, that in his Country when any young Person happened to be put to Death, the Executioner sold the Carcass to Persons of Quality, as a prime Dainty, and that, in his Time, the Body of a plump Girl of fifteen, who was crucifyed for an attempt to Poison the Emperor, was sold to his Imperial Majesty's prime Minister of State, and other great Mandarins 20  of the Court, in Joints from the Gibbet, 21  at four hundred Crowns. Neither indeed can I deny, that if the same use were made of several plump young Girls in this Town, who, without one single Groat 22  to their Fortunes, cannot stir abroad without a Chair, 23  and appear at a Play-House, and Assemblies in Foreign fineries, which they never will Pay for; the Kingdom would not be the worse.

But Trump's gamble may not be universally successful. His clamorous approach could backfire in the more moderate suburban districts where the battle for the House will be decided and he ran behind Hillary Clinton in 2016.Read Moreclose dialog Receive Fareed Zakaria's Global Analysis including insights and must-reads of world newsPlease enter aboveActivate Fareed's BriefingBy subscribing you agree to ourprivacy policy. 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{.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-element-655004-MBEqoef> *:first-child {font-size: 30px;}}.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-element-655004-fBHaAez {padding: 0px 0px 20px;}@media all and (max-width: 736px) {.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-element-655004-fBHaAez {width: auto;padding: 0px 0px 10px;}}.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-element-655004-fBHaAez> *:first-child {font-size: 17px;font-family: CNN,Helvetica Neue,Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,Utkal,sans-serif;font-weight: 400;color: white;letter-spacing: 0.01em;}@media all and (max-width: 736px) {.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-element-655004-fBHaAez> *:first-child {font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 20px ;}}.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-group-655004-XevO9fF {width: 100%;padding: 0px;text-align: left;}@media all and (max-width: 736px) {.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-group-655004-XevO9fF {width: 300px;}}.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-element-655004-krkhHod {width: 30%;padding: 0px;}@media all and (max-width: 736px) {.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-element-655004-krkhHod {width: 100%;}}.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-element-655004-krkhHod> *:first-child {padding: 15px;font-size: 14px;font-family: CNN,Helvetica Neue,Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,Utkal,sans-serif;font-weight: 400;border-style: solid;border-color: #262626;border-width: 1px;background-color: #cc0300;}@media all and (max-width: 736px) {.bxc.bx-campaign-655004 .bx-element-655004-krkhHod> *:first-child {font-size: 14px;}}#bx-campaign-655004 #bx-close-inside-655004 { z-index: 1; }And his strategy -- which is essentially a case of a President grabbing some of the most emotive, divisive political issues and demagoguing them in a fear-based campaign for his own benefit -- is likely to leave the nation more polarized and unable to reach solutions to its most pressing problems.READ: Trump's making the migrant caravan a political issue. Here are the facts.The President's midterm onslaught is playing out in rallies across the nation that mostly target conservative regions where he is most popular.His latest stop was Texas, where he appeared alongside former GOP presidential primary rival Sen. Ted Cruz on Monday night."The Democrats have launched an assault on the sovereignty of our country, the security of our nation and the safety of every American," Trump said, blaming Democrats for "the crisis on our border."His hardcore approach sometimes overshadows the story of success that the President has to tell and would be the top talking point for most presidents, including the lowest jobless rate in half a century, an economy that has thrived since he has been in office and the two conservative Supreme Court justices he has installed.In his most extreme attack, Trump is accusing Democrats of organizing a migrant caravan trekking through Mexico that he says will lay siege to the US border. He has claimed without offering any evidence that the caravan includes criminals and "unknown Middle Easterners." Reporters walking with the caravan say it's made up of desperate Hondurans and Guatemalans fleeing repression and poverty.White House spokeswoman Sarah Sanders said that there was "absolutely" evidence of Middle Easterners in the caravan -- but did not provide any.Trump also argues that Democrats want to create a socialist system of "gridlock, poverty and chaos" like Venezuela. That's a big leap since the Nicolas Maduro regime and its predecessor destroyed the economy and triggered mass economic migration and the worst humanitarian crisis in the Western hemisphere.Trump has also warned of voter fraud, which doesn't exist at significant levels, and claims the Democratic Party has been taken over by proponents of "unhinged" mob rule -- even though his rallies are the ones where supporters yell for his political opponents to be locked up, and he praised a lawmaker for assaulting a reporter. He said most Democrats opposed his opioid initiative, even though it passed 98-1 in the Senate and 393-8 in the House. On Monday, in an exchange with reporters, he could not support his earlier claim that there were riots in California over so-called sanctuary cities.Vehemence of rhetoricTrump is certainly not the first politician to distort the profiles and positions of his opponents or to suggest that their positions are un-American.President George W. Bush, for instance, warned during the 2006 midterm campaign that with Democrats "the terrorists win and America loses." And rough campaigning has been a feature of elections involving Thomas Jefferson and John Adams to Barack Obama and Mitt Romney.But the volume and vehemence of Trump's rhetoric, and his willingness to fling explosive claims even though they are demonstrably untrue is unlike any campaign in decades.In Arizona, over the weekend for instance, a huge chunk of his speech was on immigration. Trump voters, many of whom believe politicians failed to do anything about what they see as undocumented migrants undercutting their wages and taking their jobs, see the President's rhetoric as legitimate. And they reject media critiques that the President lies and many see his unchained rhetoric as exactly the kind of anti-establishment behavior that made him an attractive candidate in the first place.The television footage of people marching across Mexico plays directly into Trump's rhetorical law-and-order construct of a nation under siege from outside criminal elements -- no matter what the reality on the ground may be. Trump's claims are also relayed by conservative media."A Democratic victory in November would be a bright flashing invitation to every trafficker, smuggler, drug dealer and illegal alien on the planet. Come on in, folks," Trump said in Arizona."A Republican victory would send the message that America will enforce our borders and defend our citizens. It's important."Trump's tough approach has highlighted one of his most useful political assets that also makes him the most dangerous threat to the conventions of the political system in decades -- his lack of shame and willingness to make brazen arguments based on lies, which most presidents would avoid.His energy and willingness to campaign like he is on the ballot may also be a factor."We've added a lot of spice to it, when I say we, maybe it's I, and others perhaps. They see that I am coming here," Trump said, in an interview with ABC 13 News in Houston.How do Democrats respond?Trump's spiced up rhetoric has left Democrats facing questions about how to respond since they have no one on the national political stage with the star power of the President. Former Vice President Joe Biden on Monday accused Trump of scaremongering over the border and a caravan that is still 1,000 miles away."He's making it sound like they're breaking through the border. This is hysteria on his part," Biden, a potential 2020 Democratic candidate, told CNN while campaigning in Florida.On Saturday, the top two Democrats in Congress, Chuck Schumer and Nancy Pelosi, argued that Trump's harsh turn was a sign of weakness rather than strength."The president is desperate to change the subject from health care to immigration because he knows that health care is the number one issue Americans care about," they said in a joint statement.In some ways, Trump does not have many options but to go on such a rampage. He's built his presidency on keeping his base angry -- and in the process has alienated many more moderate voters. So only a presidential-election-level turnout from his base in a midterm election is likely to stave off big Democratic gains at a time when the opposition party is also enthusiastic.And he knows that immigration -- from the moment he stepped on the escalator in Trump Tower in 2015 to be a candidate -- is the issue that has helped him at the ballot box more than any other, despite political missteps like the separation of undocumented immigrant families and their children earlier this year."I think Donald Trump is President because of the immigration issue," Scott Jennings, a former campaign aide to Bush, told CNN on Monday."He wants to paint a line between a party that wants border security and a party that doesn't."But former Clinton campaign manager Robby Mook argued that the fragmented nature of the Senate and House races meant that Trump's immigration rhetoric represented a high-risk strategy."I don't think it is going to save them in these suburban areas that are so important for the House map or the gubernatorial map," Mook told CNN's Erica Hill.CNN's Arlette Saenz and Jeremy Diamond contributed to this story /* dynamic basic css */ .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {margin:0;padding:0;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container .ob-clearfix {display:block;width:100%;float:none;clear:both;height:0px;line-height:0px;font-size:0px;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 2%;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {position:relative;margin:0;padding;0;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link, .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link:hover {text-decoration:none;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container {position:absolute;left:0;height:50%;width:100%;text-align:center;top:25%;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon {display:inline-block;height:100%;float:none;opacity:0.7;transition: opacity 500ms;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon:hover {opacity:1;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_what{direction:ltr;clear:both;padding:5px 10px 0px;} .AR_36 .ob_what a:after {content: "";vertical-align:super;;;background-image: url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/achoice.svg');background-size:75% 75%;width:12px;height:12px;padding-left:4px;display:inline-block;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:right center;border-left:1px solid #999;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_what a{color:#999;font-size:11px;font-family:arial;text-decoration: none;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_what.ob-hover:hover a{text-decoration: underline;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_amelia, .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_logo, .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo, .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo, .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{vertical-align:baseline !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom;padding:0px 5px;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:22px;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;} .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_smartFeedLogo.min.svg') no-repeat center top;width:140px;height:21px;} @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(min-resolution: 192dpi) { .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px; 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border-bottom: 1px solid #404040 !important; color: #fefefe !important; } .t-dark .OUTBRAIN .AR_36 .ob-rec-text, .t-dark .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1 .ob-rec-text, .t-dark .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2 .ob-rec-text, .t-dark .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3 .ob-rec-text, .t-dark .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4 .ob-rec-text { color: #fff !important; } .pg-politics .AR_36.ob-widget .ob_what a { color: #fff; } /*****DARK TEMPLATE*****/ .OUTBRAIN .AR_36.ob-widget, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget { width: 100%; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget { padding: 12px 0 24px; } .AR_36.ob-widget, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget { padding: 0 0 24px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget { border-bottom: solid 1px #e6e6e6; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .AR_36.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-header { display: block; width: 100%; color: #404040; height: 36px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border-bottom: solid 1px #e6e6e6; margin-bottom: 24px; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-stretch: condensed; letter-spacing: 2px; padding-top: 7px; text-transform: uppercase; font-family: "CNN Condensed", CNN, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, Utkal, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .AR_36.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-header:after { content: ''; display: BLOCK; width: 16px; height: 4px; background-color: #737373; position: relative; top: 6px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_3 .ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_2 .ob-rec-text { font-family: "CNN", Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Utkal, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; color: #262626; padding-bottom: 8px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_2 .ob-rec-text { padding-bottom: 0; } .OUTBRAIN .AR_36 .ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_1 .ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_4 .ob-rec-text { font-family: "CNN", Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Utkal, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-style: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; color: #262626; margin: 0; } .OUTBRAIN .AR_36 .ob-rec-text { padding-top: 8px; } .OUTBRAIN .AR_36 .ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_2 .ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_4 .ob-rec-text { font-weight: 500; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_1 .ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_3 .ob-rec-text { font-weight: bold; } .OUTBRAIN .AR_36 .ob-rec-source, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_2 .ob-rec-source, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_4 .ob-rec-source { font-family: "CNN", Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Utkal, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 500; font-style: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.63; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; color: #737373; padding: 0; } .OUTBRAIN .AR_36 .ob-rec-source, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_4 .ob-rec-source { padding-top: 4px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_1 .ob-rec-source, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN .SFD_STP_3 .ob-rec-source { font-family: "CNN", Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Utkal, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.63; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; color: #737373; } .AR_36.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-p .ob-rec-source:before, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2 .ob-p .ob-rec-source:before, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4 .ob-p .ob-rec-source:before { content: 'Sponsored: '; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container~.ob-unit.ob-rec-source, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container~.ob-unit.ob-rec-source { margin-left: 0; } .AR_36.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container { max-width: none; } /*****SMARTFEED*****/ .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container:before, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container:before { box-sizing: content-box; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .AR_36.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-items-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-items-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-items-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-items-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-items-container { box-shadow: none; margin-bottom: 0; background-color:initial; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row { padding-top: 24px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container { max-width: none; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .AR_36.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-header { margin-left: 0px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .AR_36.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-text, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-text { margin-left: 0px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .AR_36.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-source, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-source, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-source, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-source, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-source { margin-left: 0px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .AR_36.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob_what { top: 4px; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container .ob-rec-logo, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container .ob-rec-logo { border-radius: 0; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container { margin-left: 0; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container { position: absolute; } .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container .ob-rec-logo, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container .ob-rec-logo { position: absolute; top: -5px; z-index: 3; } /*****VIDEO ICON*****/ .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container { position: absolute; left: 8px; height: 32px; width: 32px; text-align: left; top: auto; bottom: 8px; object-fit: contain; } .AR_36.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon, .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon { opacity: 1.0; } Paid Content The Crazy Facial That Celebrities Say “Takes 10 Years Off” Your… Town & Country The 2019 Vehicles Are Released And The Best 2019 SUVS for… Auto Today | Sponsored Links /* dynamic basic css */ .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {margin:0;padding:0;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container .ob-clearfix {display:block;width:100%;float:none;clear:both;height:0px;line-height:0px;font-size:0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 2%;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {position:relative;margin:0;padding;0;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link:hover {text-decoration:none;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container {position:absolute;left:0;height:50%;width:100%;text-align:center;top:25%;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon {display:inline-block;height:100%;float:none;opacity:0.7;transition: opacity 500ms;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon:hover {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what{direction:ltr;clear:both;padding:5px 10px 0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what a{color:#999;font-size:11px;font-family:arial;text-decoration: none;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what.ob-hover:hover a{text-decoration: underline;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{vertical-align:baseline !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom;padding:0px 5px;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:22px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_smartFeedLogo.min.svg') no-repeat center top;width:140px;height:21px;} @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(min-resolution: 192dpi) { .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px; background-size:16px 32px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px; background-size:67px 24px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:20px; background-size:67px 40px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;background-size: 86px 23px;} } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{width:90px;height:20px;background-size:90px 20px;} } .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget:hover .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget:hover .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget:hover .ob_text_logo{background-position:center bottom;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what{position:absolute;top:5px;right:0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what{text-align:right;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-image {display:block;} /* dynamic smartfeed-strip css */ .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-image-ratio {height:0px;line-height:0px;padding-top:60.0%;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-rec-image {width:100%;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;opacity:0;transition:all 750ms;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-show {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {position:absolute;bottom:0px;left:0px;padding:0px 3px;background-color:#666;color:white;font-size:10px;line-height:15px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget {width:auto;min-width:180px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;min-width:50px;width:31.8%;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandLogo-container, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogoAndName {display:inline-block;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:bottom;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:super;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {direction: ltr;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin-left:0;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container ~ .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin:0 0 0 2.3%; } .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {direction:ltr; } .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit {display:block;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-text {max-height:60.0px;overflow:hidden;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-source {font-style:italic;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-date {font-weight:bold;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {box-shadow:0px 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .28);margin-bottom:20px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-top:0;background-color:white;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {margin-left:10px;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-text {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-source {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-description {margin: 5px 10px 2px 10px; font-size:16px;} .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN {padding:0; margin-top:20px;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {clear: both;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {background-color: #4a90e2; bottom:10px;right:0px;left:auto; font-family: helvetica;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 0%;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what {padding-top: 0; margin-top:0px; top: 0;} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-logo-container .ob-rec-logo {background-size: contain;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat} [data-idx="8"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container:not(:last-child) {box-shadow: none;margin-bottom: auto;} /* dynamic customized css */ .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-header {font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;color:black;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container {max-width:400px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text {font-family:inherit;color:black;margin:5px 0 0px;text-align:left;line-height:1.25;font-size:16px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text:hover {color:#c00;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container {margin:5px 0 0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-source {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:4px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:14px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-date {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-author {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-description {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandName {font-family:inherit;margin:5px 0 0px;line-height:1.25;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} Why This Medigap Plan Is the Most Popular ZagLine [Gallery] Anthony Bourdain’s Will Reveals He’s Left His Entire Fortune To One Individual Scribol Government Pays To Renovate Your Home If You Live Near Cincinnati (You Must Qualify) The Mortgage Savers /* dynamic basic css */ .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {margin:0;padding:0;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container .ob-clearfix {display:block;width:100%;float:none;clear:both;height:0px;line-height:0px;font-size:0px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 2%;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {position:relative;margin:0;padding;0;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link, .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link:hover {text-decoration:none;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container {position:absolute;left:0;height:50%;width:100%;text-align:center;top:25%;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon {display:inline-block;height:100%;float:none;opacity:0.7;transition: opacity 500ms;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon:hover {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_what{direction:ltr;clear:both;padding:5px 10px 0px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_what a{color:#999;font-size:11px;font-family:arial;text-decoration: none;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_what.ob-hover:hover a{text-decoration: underline;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo, .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo, .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{vertical-align:baseline !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom;padding:0px 5px;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:22px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_smartFeedLogo.min.svg') no-repeat center top;width:140px;height:21px;} @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(min-resolution: 192dpi) { .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px; background-size:16px 32px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px; background-size:67px 24px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:20px; background-size:67px 40px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;background-size: 86px 23px;} } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{width:90px;height:20px;background-size:90px 20px;} } .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget:hover .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget:hover .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget:hover .ob_text_logo{background-position:center bottom;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_what{position:absolute;top:5px;right:0px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_what{text-align:right;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-image {display:block;} /* dynamic smartfeed-strip css */ .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-image-ratio {height:0px;line-height:0px;padding-top:60.0%;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-rec-image {width:100%;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;opacity:0;transition:all 750ms;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-show {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {position:absolute;bottom:0px;left:0px;padding:0px 3px;background-color:#666;color:white;font-size:10px;line-height:15px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget {width:auto;min-width:120px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;min-width:50px;width:48.85%;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName, .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandLogo-container, .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogoAndName {display:inline-block;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:bottom;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:super;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {direction: ltr;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin-left:0;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container ~ .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin:0 0 0 2.3%; } .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {direction:ltr; } .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-unit {display:block;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-text {max-height:60.0px;overflow:hidden;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-source {font-style:italic;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-date {font-weight:bold;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {box-shadow:0px 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .28);margin-bottom:20px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-top:0;background-color:white;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {margin-left:10px;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-text {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-source {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-description {margin: 5px 10px 2px 10px; font-size:16px;} .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN {padding:0; margin-top:20px;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {clear: both;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {background-color: #4a90e2; bottom:10px;right:0px;left:auto; font-family: helvetica;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-logo-container {float: left;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 10px;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-logo-container ~ .ob-unit.ob-rec-source {margin-left: 55px;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 0%;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob_what {padding-top: 0; margin-top:0px; top: 0;} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-rec-logo-container .ob-rec-logo {background-size: contain;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat} [data-idx="9"] .SFD_STP_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container:not(:last-child) {box-shadow: none;margin-bottom: auto;} /* dynamic customized css */ .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-header {font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;color:black;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:0px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container {max-width:400px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text {font-family:inherit;color:black;margin:5px 0 0px;text-align:left;line-height:1.25;font-size:16px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text:hover {color:#c00;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container {margin:5px 0 0px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-source {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:4px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:14px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-date {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-author {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-description {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandName {font-family:inherit;margin:5px 0 0px;line-height:1.25;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;} .SFD_STP_1.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} Politics Supreme Court blocks deposition of Commerce chief Ross over… Bleacher Report Bleacher Report - MLB Hall of Famers disgusted by current MLB play /* dynamic basic css */ .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {margin:0;padding:0;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container .ob-clearfix {display:block;width:100%;float:none;clear:both;height:0px;line-height:0px;font-size:0px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 2%;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {position:relative;margin:0;padding;0;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link, .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link:hover {text-decoration:none;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container {position:absolute;left:0;height:50%;width:100%;text-align:center;top:25%;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon {display:inline-block;height:100%;float:none;opacity:0.7;transition: opacity 500ms;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon:hover {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_what{direction:ltr;clear:both;padding:5px 10px 0px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_what a{color:#999;font-size:11px;font-family:arial;text-decoration: none;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_what.ob-hover:hover a{text-decoration: underline;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo, .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo, .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{vertical-align:baseline !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom;padding:0px 5px;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:22px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_smartFeedLogo.min.svg') no-repeat center top;width:140px;height:21px;} @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(min-resolution: 192dpi) { .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px; background-size:16px 32px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px; background-size:67px 24px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:20px; background-size:67px 40px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;background-size: 86px 23px;} } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{width:90px;height:20px;background-size:90px 20px;} } .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget:hover .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget:hover .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget:hover .ob_text_logo{background-position:center bottom;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_what{position:absolute;top:5px;right:0px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_what{text-align:right;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-image {display:block;} /* dynamic smartfeed-strip css */ .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-image-ratio {height:0px;line-height:0px;padding-top:60.0%;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-rec-image {width:100%;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;opacity:0;transition:all 750ms;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-show {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {position:absolute;bottom:0px;left:0px;padding:0px 3px;background-color:#666;color:white;font-size:10px;line-height:15px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget {width:auto;min-width:180px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;min-width:50px;width:31.8%;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName, .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandLogo-container, .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogoAndName {display:inline-block;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:bottom;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:super;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {direction: ltr;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin-left:0;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container ~ .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin:0 0 0 2.3%; } .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {direction:ltr; } .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-unit {display:block;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-text {max-height:60.0px;overflow:hidden;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-source {font-style:italic;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-date {font-weight:bold;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {box-shadow:0px 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .28);margin-bottom:20px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-top:0;background-color:white;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {margin-left:10px;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-text {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-source {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-description {margin: 5px 10px 2px 10px; font-size:16px;} .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN {padding:0; margin-top:20px;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {clear: both;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {background-color: #4a90e2; bottom:10px;right:0px;left:auto; font-family: helvetica;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-logo-container {float: left;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 10px;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-logo-container ~ .ob-unit.ob-rec-source {margin-left: 55px;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 0%;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob_what {padding-top: 0; margin-top:0px; top: 0;} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-rec-logo-container .ob-rec-logo {background-size: contain;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat} [data-idx="10"] .SFD_STP_3.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container:not(:last-child) {box-shadow: none;margin-bottom: auto;} /* dynamic customized css */ .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-header {font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;color:black;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:0px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container {max-width:400px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text {font-family:inherit;color:black;margin:5px 0 0px;text-align:left;line-height:1.25;font-size:16px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text:hover {color:#c00;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container {margin:5px 0 0px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-source {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:4px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:14px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-date {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-author {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-description {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandName {font-family:inherit;margin:5px 0 0px;line-height:1.25;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;} .SFD_STP_3.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} Politics Donald Trump gets sweet revenge on Ted Cruz today in Texas Politics Hurricane forces Florida to ease voting rules CNN Underscored Underscored Genius morning habits, as told by five of the world's most successful people /* dynamic basic css */ .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {margin:0;padding:0;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container .ob-clearfix {display:block;width:100%;float:none;clear:both;height:0px;line-height:0px;font-size:0px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 2%;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {position:relative;margin:0;padding;0;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link, .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link:hover {text-decoration:none;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container {position:absolute;left:0;height:50%;width:100%;text-align:center;top:25%;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon {display:inline-block;height:100%;float:none;opacity:0.7;transition: opacity 500ms;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon:hover {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_what{direction:ltr;clear:both;padding:5px 10px 0px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_what a{color:#999;font-size:11px;font-family:arial;text-decoration: none;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_what.ob-hover:hover a{text-decoration: underline;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo, .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo, .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{vertical-align:baseline !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom;padding:0px 5px;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:22px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_smartFeedLogo.min.svg') no-repeat center top;width:140px;height:21px;} @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(min-resolution: 192dpi) { .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px; background-size:16px 32px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px; background-size:67px 24px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:20px; background-size:67px 40px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;background-size: 86px 23px;} } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{width:90px;height:20px;background-size:90px 20px;} } .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget:hover .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget:hover .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget:hover .ob_text_logo{background-position:center bottom;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_what{position:absolute;top:5px;right:0px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_what{text-align:right;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-image {display:block;} /* dynamic smartfeed-strip css */ .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-image-ratio {height:0px;line-height:0px;padding-top:60.0%;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-rec-image {width:100%;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;opacity:0;transition:all 750ms;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-show {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {position:absolute;bottom:0px;left:0px;padding:0px 3px;background-color:#666;color:white;font-size:10px;line-height:15px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget {width:auto;min-width:120px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;min-width:50px;width:48.85%;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName, .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandLogo-container, .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogoAndName {display:inline-block;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:bottom;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:super;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {direction: ltr;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin-left:0;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container ~ .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin:0 0 0 2.3%; } .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {direction:ltr; } .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-unit {display:block;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-text {max-height:60.0px;overflow:hidden;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-source {font-style:italic;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-date {font-weight:bold;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {box-shadow:0px 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .28);margin-bottom:20px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-top:0;background-color:white;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {margin-left:10px;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-text {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-source {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-description {margin: 5px 10px 2px 10px; font-size:16px;} .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN {padding:0; margin-top:20px;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {clear: both;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {background-color: #4a90e2; bottom:10px;right:0px;left:auto; font-family: helvetica;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 0%;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob_what {padding-top: 0; margin-top:0px; top: 0;} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-rec-logo-container .ob-rec-logo {background-size: contain;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat} [data-idx="11"] .SFD_STP_4.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container:not(:last-child) {box-shadow: none;margin-bottom: auto;} /* dynamic customized css */ .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-header {font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;color:black;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:0px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container {max-width:400px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text {font-family:inherit;color:black;margin:5px 0 0px;text-align:left;line-height:1.25;font-size:16px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text:hover {color:#c00;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container {margin:5px 0 0px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-source {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:4px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:14px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-date {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-author {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-description {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandName {font-family:inherit;margin:5px 0 0px;line-height:1.25;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;} .SFD_STP_4.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} Leading Long Distance Moving Companies. Search for Long… Office Moving Companies | Sponsored Listings [Gallery] Each State Hilariously Depicted By One Stereotypical… Daily Stuff /* dynamic basic css */ .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {margin:0;padding:0;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container .ob-clearfix {display:block;width:100%;float:none;clear:both;height:0px;line-height:0px;font-size:0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 2%;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {position:relative;margin:0;padding;0;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link:hover {text-decoration:none;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container {position:absolute;left:0;height:50%;width:100%;text-align:center;top:25%;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon {display:inline-block;height:100%;float:none;opacity:0.7;transition: opacity 500ms;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon:hover {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what{direction:ltr;clear:both;padding:5px 10px 0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what a{color:#999;font-size:11px;font-family:arial;text-decoration: none;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what.ob-hover:hover a{text-decoration: underline;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{vertical-align:baseline !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom;padding:0px 5px;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:22px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_smartFeedLogo.min.svg') no-repeat center top;width:140px;height:21px;} @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(min-resolution: 192dpi) { .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px; background-size:16px 32px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px; background-size:67px 24px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:20px; background-size:67px 40px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;background-size: 86px 23px;} } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{width:90px;height:20px;background-size:90px 20px;} } .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget:hover .ob_amelia, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget:hover .ob_logo, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget:hover .ob_text_logo{background-position:center bottom;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what{position:absolute;top:5px;right:0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what{text-align:right;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-image {display:block;} /* dynamic smartfeed-strip css */ .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {position:relative;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-image-ratio {height:0px;line-height:0px;padding-top:60.0%;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-rec-image {width:100%;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;opacity:0;transition:all 750ms;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container img.ob-show {opacity:1;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {position:absolute;bottom:0px;left:0px;padding:0px 3px;background-color:#666;color:white;font-size:10px;line-height:15px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget {width:auto;min-width:180px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;min-width:50px;width:31.8%;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandLogo-container, .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogoAndName {display:inline-block;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:bottom;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandName {vertical-align:super;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {direction: ltr;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin-left:0;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container ~ .ob-dynamic-rec-container {margin:0 0 0 2.3%; } .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {direction:ltr; } .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit {display:block;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-text {max-height:60.0px;overflow:hidden;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-source {font-style:italic;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-date {font-weight:bold;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {box-shadow:0px 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .28);margin-bottom:20px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-top:0;background-color:white;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-header {margin-left:10px;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-text {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-source {margin-left: 10px; margin-right:10px;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-unit.ob-rec-description {margin: 5px 10px 2px 10px; font-size:16px;} .ob-smartfeed-wrapper .OUTBRAIN {padding:0; margin-top:20px;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container {clear: both;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-label {background-color: #4a90e2; bottom:10px;right:0px;left:auto; font-family: helvetica;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 0%;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob_what {padding-top: 0; margin-top:0px; top: 0;} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-rec-logo-container .ob-rec-logo {background-size: contain;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat} [data-idx="12"] .SFD_STP_2.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container:not(:last-child) {box-shadow: none;margin-bottom: auto;} /* dynamic customized css */ .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-widget-header {font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;color:black;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container {max-width:400px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text {font-family:inherit;color:black;margin:5px 0 0px;text-align:left;line-height:1.25;font-size:16px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-text:hover {color:#c00;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-logo-container {margin:5px 0 0px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-source {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:4px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:14px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-date {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-author {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-description {font-family:inherit;color:black;padding:0px 0 0px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandName {font-family:inherit;margin:5px 0 0px;line-height:1.25;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;} .SFD_STP_2.ob-smartfeed-strip-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} Cincinnati Ohio: These Stair Lifts are Better Than You Ever Thought Possible Yahoo! Search The Secret Behind Mayweather’s Amazing Smile Revealed SNOW 30 TV Shows Of The 70s That Were Total Failures ALOT Living /* dynamic basic css */ .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container {margin:0;padding:0;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container .ob-clearfix {display:block;width:100%;float:none;clear:both;height:0px;line-height:0px;font-size:0px;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-widget-items-container.ob-multi-row {padding-top: 2%;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-container {position:relative;margin:0;padding;0;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link, .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-dynamic-rec-link:hover {text-decoration:none;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon-container {position:absolute;left:0;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon {display:inline-block;height:100%;float:none;opacity:0.7;transition: opacity 500ms;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-video-icon:hover {opacity:1;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_what{direction:ltr;clear:both;padding:5px 10px 0px;} .AR_13 .ob_what a:after {content: "";;;background-image: url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/achoice.svg');background-size:75% 75%;width:12px;height:12px;padding-left:4px;display:inline-block;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:right center;border-left:1px solid #999;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_what a{color:#999;font-size:11px;font-family:arial;text-decoration: none;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_what.ob-hover:hover a{text-decoration: underline;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_amelia, .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_logo, .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo, .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo, .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{vertical-align:baseline !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom;padding:0px 5px;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:22px;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_smartFeedLogo.min.svg') no-repeat center top;width:140px;height:21px;} @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(min-resolution: 192dpi) { .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_amelia{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px; background-size:16px 32px;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px; background-size:67px 24px;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_text_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_67x22@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:20px; background-size:67px 40px;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_feed_logo{background:url('https://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_feed_logo@2x.png') no-repeat center top;width:86px;height:23px;background-size: 86px 23px;} } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_sfeed_logo{width:90px;height:20px;background-size:90px 20px;} } .AR_13.ob-widget:hover .ob_amelia, .AR_13.ob-widget:hover .ob_logo, .AR_13.ob-widget:hover .ob_text_logo{background-position:center bottom;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob_what{text-align:right;} .AR_13.ob-widget .ob-rec-image-container .ob-rec-image {display:block;} /* dynamic classic css */ .AR_13.ob-classic-layout {width:auto;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout:after {content:"";display:block;height:0px;float:none;clear:both;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-widget-section {width:50%;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-widget-section > * {margin:0px 10px;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-widget-section { float:left; } .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-widget-header, .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container, .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container .ob-unit{direction:ltr;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container {display:block;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container:hover {text-decoration:underline;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-unit{display:inline;margin-bottom:10px;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-widget-header {font-weight:bold;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-text {} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-source {font-style:italic;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-date {font-weight:bold;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-brandName, .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo-container, .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-unit.ob-rec-brandLogoAndName, .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo {display:inline-block;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo {vertical-align: bottom;} /* dynamic customized css */ .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-widget-header {font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;color:#fff;padding-bottom:32px;padding-top:0px;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-widget-items-container {padding:0px 0px 0px 10px;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container {color:#262626;margin-bottom:0px;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-container:hover {color:#c00;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-link {color:#262626;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-dynamic-rec-link:hover {color:#c00;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-text {color:#262626;font-family:CNN,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,Utkal,sans-serif;;font-size:16px;line-height:1.25;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-source {font-family:CNN,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,Utkal,sans-serif;;color:#737373;font-size:14px;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-date {font-family:CNN,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,Utkal,sans-serif;;font-size:12px;color:black;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-author {font-family:CNN,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,Utkal,sans-serif;;font-size:12px;color:black;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-description {font-family:CNN,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,Utkal,sans-serif;;font-size:12px;color:black;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-brandName {font-family:CNN,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,Utkal,sans-serif;;padding:$dynamic:TitleMarginTop$px 0 $dynamic:TitleMarginBottom$px;line-height:1.25;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-rec-brandLogo {width:20px;height:20px;} .AR_13.ob-classic-layout .ob-widget-section.ob-last { padding-left: 2%; 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Why does boredom seem painful? Shouldn’t it just be boring?

As students move through the grades, they learn to use a general set of strategies, such as predicting, questioning, and summarizing a text, to support their comprehension and response to texts across the curriculum.

One might, for example, speak to a microphone, in the manner described in connection with the speech controlled typewriter, and thus make his selections. It would certainly beat the usual file clerk.

the Palestinians’reward for their good behavior, in the form of a buttocks aimed directly at their faces

it may have been misperceived as a lover’s spat by someone who just wanted to go back to sleep.

Whenever we are feeling sad, we can use helping someone else as a positive mood boost to feel happier.

he diffi cult choice between the two foci is captured in Reinhold Neibuhr’s prayer (now best known as Alcoholics Anonymous’s “Serenity Prayer”), which asks for the serenity to bear the things we cannot change, the courage to change the things we can, and the wisdom to tell the difference.

It is not that the Author may not 'come back' in the Text, in his text, but he then does so as a 'guest'. If he is a novelist, he is inscribed in the novel like one of his characters, figured in the carpet; no longer privileged, paternal, aletheological, his inscription is ludic.