10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
  2. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Sarah Jeong. How to Make a Bot That Isn't Racist. Vice, March 2016. URL:

      Using Microsoft's, at the time, recently launched @TayandYou Twitter Bot as a clear negative example, Sarah Jeong summarizes the processes of veteran bot-designers who strive to make their bots behave ethically: this process ranges from creating a blacklist of offensive words and phrases a bot can't say, using an algorithm to try and make sure a bot cannot write an offensive sentence, as well as attempts to make sure a bot cannot be mistaken as a human user.

    1. The answer is cyclical. Recruiting more BIPOC students early, addressing the social-academic and financial challenges, and increasing the visual representation, will in turn attract more BIPOC students to the field, helping to address the challenges. To serve our clients and patients most effectively, the diversity of our training programs—faculty and students—needs to reflect theirs. CSD’s growth depends on everybody cheering for it, representing it, and reaching for it—because the work we do is life-changing.

      it is the allowance of differences in the field. for language there is no right way and cannot be looked at that way. it hurts the generation working and the next generation going into that field by not having equality and allowing these difference to stay. if we do not educate and understand these differences we cannot respect them. AAE is just as important as english but has been looked down upon as if its incorrect.

    2. * (False, 'Recruit') BIPOC students by providing education about and awareness of the fields, starting in elementary school. * (False, 'Retain') BIPOC students in CSD programs by addressing our social-academic partnerships and financial challenges. * (False, 'Represent') BIPOC students by increasing diversity in university faculty and cohort groups.

      the three r's that will bring new diversity into the CSD. it will allow students to feel represented. allow understanding and respect between the diversity and bring us closer together without having to change our voice or language. its equality to allow them to learn the same as Majority students.

    3. It’s inspiring how we persevere through these struggles and journey on to become an SLP or audiologist despite them. But my conversations with colleagues indicate that truly drawing more BIPOC students into the professions requires targeting the three “R”s: recruit, retain, and represent.

      We need to represent, understand and respect these differences. It will allow diversity in language, it will allow different educational standpoints. It will allow diverse SLPs to teach others and help them understand as well. We need language, dialectical, and educational diversity. we are setting these students up for failure in writing, language, and social-academic situations and educational areas.

    4. A Black audiologist, who was born deaf, had received services since infancy, but didn’t meet their first Black audiologist until high school—an experience that led them to the field of audiology. Perhaps an undecided undergraduate student might search the department faculty demographics, see the lack of diversity, and decide not to pursue the major, the graduate program, or the career.

      the differences in demography scares students. you feel alienated if you are the only person of color in your field. Especially if that field is misdiagnosing students with dialects as disorders.

    5. Many BIPOC professionals pointed to difficulties posed by low numbers of faculty of color in their programs. Role models who look like you allow you to picture yourself in that space or doing that thing. In my program, seeing my speech-language pathology professor as “Dr. Black Woman SLP” helped me to see myself following the same path. I was lucky to land her as my mentor because—as I found out later once enrolled—she was the only Black faculty member in the department. My White cohort-mates, however, had a variety of examples to emulate.

      Yes you need role models of color. for you to feel close or similar to the ones teaching you. this doesn't have to be the case if everyone was taught and educated about the differences. It can make students see themselves in the field and allow them to train and educate even more knowing the other side.

    6. BIPOC colleagues on social media reported similar experiences. An SLP who identified as Black and Hispanic struggled to find their “group of people” and never felt like they “truly fit in” being only one of three people of color in their cohort. One Black SLP felt alienated from fellow students’ study groups as everyone else worked together to succeed, and a former speech-language pathology graduate student left their program because of a difficult social experience. This social and academic exclusion seems to take place in graduate school, when students have already committed to a CSD career.

      This is just students who chose Communications Sciences and Disorders, now the ones who are uneducated in it don't learn enough or at all move into fields they may fit in more and understand more. if there was more education earlier about CSD you may want to study and move into that field after highschool instead of learning about seperate sources.

    7. My next theory was that our graduate school experiences may turn us away. People tend to gravitate toward those who look like them or have a perceived commonality. As the only Black student in my graduate school cohort, I didn’t look like anyone else and probably was assumed not to have much in common with other students. After not being invited to participate in study groups and outings, I took the initiative to invite myself to social events with fellow students and to form academic partnerships with them, which was exhausting.

      her view in graduate school that she was discriminated against. She had to force herself to fit in just because she looked different. Even those theres a clear commonality in the things they were learning they were pushed away from participating in study groups and outings. Now if these students were to learn about the differences earlier there understanding and thus respect may change.

    1. Why would users want to be able to make bots?

      This is actually relevant for a platform I use a lot- Twitter. A while back, monetization was introduced for users that received a lot of engagement. This created a clear financial incentive to create bot-accounts as they could potentially generate revenue for their owner- and as much the number of bots noticeably shot up after this change.

    1. of purpose, his decisions can workagainst each other so that his writinglacks consis

      Having a question gives the writer a better sense of purpose and guide to strive for. Its like there is an end goal to meet therefore it easier to maintain a consistent drive to the goal.

    2. Most of your problems will come fromyour failure to realize that a statementthat seems clear to you may not beclear to them because they cannotalways see from the words alone justwhat you have in mind

      I personally believe that if the reader is able to understand what the writer is talking about, it shows mindfulness from the writers part in sense that he is able to keep in mind his or her reader(s) in mind while in the process of writing their work.

    3. . Writing is not good or bad in itself, but as it succeeds or fails in gettingthe response intended

      No writing is bad. If the writing relating to any matter is well put together even when the information is extremely debatable, it can go very far when it comes to its credibility.

    4. . A student complaining about agrade on a paper will talk very differently to his roommate and to his instructor. T

      Depending on who you are talking to will largely impact how you deliver what you want to say. It is like code switching in a sense

    1. 7:51 the quote by Matt Gaetz "Robots should not be subject to free speech" made the crowd laugh. Its funny because it has become a serious topic to the point where they have had to make laws restricting AI. On the other hand the crowd laughs because this man is stating the obvious. Why would the robot even have a freedom of speech if it docent have real human emotions? I believe they are trying to pass these types of laws to be able to control AI and what it can produce as it could be robbing the government.

    1. Away with us he's going,

      sadly, this seems to mark the moment the enchantment has succeeded. This statement suggest the child was actually taken by the faeries.

    2. And whispering in their ears

      Secrecy here is very telling. The faeries "whisper" in their ears which suggests that the ritual of enchantment was still ongoing. Also their whisper highlights the faeries deceptive intentions because if their intentions were benevolent then there was no need for whispering

    3. With a faery, hand in hand,

      The image of the child going hand and hand with the faery shows the pattern throughout the poem. First the luring, then the ritual followed by the distraction of bubbles and finally physical contact. Hand and hand is the moment of capture.

    4. And chase the frothy bubbles, While the world is full of troubles

      The image of chasing "frothy bubbles" while the world is full of troubles suggests that the feary world is an elaborate distraction so while the world is full of troubles the faery will be luring children with bubbles.

    5. Mingling hands and mingling glances

      I found this part kind of creepy. The repetition of the word "mingling" in "mingling in hands and mingling glances" suggests a spell is taking place. The joining of hand and the exchange of glances working together to complete the spell and lure the child.

    1. 个线程共享进程的

      进程和线程是操作系统中最核心的并发执行模型。简单来说,进程是“资源分配”的最小单位,而线程是“CPU调度”的最小单位

      我们可以将它们生动地比作一个“工厂”: * 进程(Process)就像是一个独立的工厂,它拥有自己的厂房和资源(独立的内存空间)。 * 线程(Thread)就像是工厂里的流水线工人,他们共享工厂的资源(共享内存),但在各自的流水线上干活(独立的执行路径)。

      一、 进程与线程的关系

      1. 包含关系: 一个进程至少包含一个线程(主线程)。线程不能独立于进程存在,它必须依附于进程。
      2. 资源共享: 同一个进程内的所有线程,共享该进程的代码段、数据段、堆内存以及打开的文件句柄等系统资源。
      3. 独立执行: 每个线程都有自己独立的程序计数器(PC)虚拟机栈/本地方法栈,用来记录各自的执行位置和局部变量。

      二、 核心区别比较

      | 比较维度 | 进程 (Process) | 线程 (Thread) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 根本性质 | 操作系统资源分配的基本单位。 | 操作系统CPU调度和执行的基本单位。 | | 内存隔离 | 进程间相互隔离,拥有独立的虚拟地址空间。 | 同一进程内的线程共享内存和资源,相互间不隔离。 | | 系统开销 | 。创建、销毁和切换进程时,系统需分配/回收大量资源(如页表),上下文切换成本高。 | 。属于轻量级,只保存少量寄存器和栈信息,上下文切换非常快。 | | 通信方式 | 复杂。需要借助进程间通信(IPC)机制,如管道、消息队列、共享内存、Socket等。 | 简单。可直接通过读写同一进程内的共享变量来通信(需处理并发同步)。 |


      三、 优缺点评估

      1. 多进程架构 (Multi-Process)

      • 优点(稳健性强): 各个进程相互独立。一个进程因为写错内存代码崩溃了,不会影响其他进程。非常适合对稳定性要求极高的系统(如 Nginx 的 Master-Worker 模型,Chrome 浏览器的多进程标签页)。
      • 缺点(笨重): 占用内存大,系统资源消耗多;进程间的上下文切换慢;进程间数据共享和通信比较麻烦。

      2. 多线程架构 (Multi-Thread)

      • 优点(轻量高效): 创建和切换代价小,能充分压榨多核 CPU 的性能;线程间通信极快,非常适合需要高频数据交互的并发场景(如 Java Web 服务处理 HTTP 请求)。
      • 缺点(脆弱且复杂): * 牵一发而动全身: 同一个进程中,如果某个线程因为段错误(如访问非法内存)崩溃,通常会导致整个进程直接崩溃。
        • 并发安全问题: 多个线程同时读写共享数据,极易引发竞态条件(Race Condition),需要开发者耗费大量精力使用锁(Mutex/Lock)、CAS 等机制来处理线程同步和死锁问题。
  3. Apr 2026
    1. Lack of awareness could be one reason BIPOC students are not drawn to CSD—we simply do not know about the field. But in my Facebook conversations with BIPOC and White CSD professionals, I found no discrepancy between the two groups related to when they learned about the fields (in eleamentary/middle school, high school, or college/adulthood). Most learned about the field as older adolescents, perhaps suggesting that the professions need more outreach to younger students.

      Students are not taught early enough about dialects and language differences. we need to allow students to learn and becoming intised by the differences. not taught they are wrong. everything in grade school teaches you to speak, write, and learn one way. once you go into the field it seems like grammar and dialect difference is wrong. it causes another student forced into Standard American English when they dont need to change.

    2. Overall, BIPOC audiologists and SLPs shared that although they may have experienced challenges such as social differences and questionable biases and discrimination, it didn’t change their commitment to continuing in CSD. But they said if graduate programs want to attract more BIPOC students to the professions, they need to step up efforts to be inclusive. In my conversations, four themes emerged: awareness, relationships, finances, and representation.

      right now there is two many things pushing BIPOC(Black, Indigenous and people of color) away from the field. they dealt with biases and discrimination that affected their relationships, finance and representation which causes them to move out of an industry they may really like, but the oppresion isnt worth it.

    3. The statistics clearly indicate that far fewer people who identify as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) are drawn to the field than those who are White: In the 2021 ASHA Member and Affiliate Profile, 8.7% of speech-language pathologists and audiologists self-identified as a racial/ethnic minority; 3.6% as Black/African-American; 3.1% as Asian; 1.5% as multiracial; and less than 1% each as American Indian/Alaska Native or Pacific islander. (Not every respondent chose to self-identify.)

      I consider this still a big issue, Less and less students are studing communication, the individuals with dialectical differences are hard to teach General american english especially if you haven't mastered it. most of the individuals who grow up learning this way cant change their voice and or dialect.

    1. at 4:49 Dustin Ballard ask a good question of "to a listener, does it always matter?" when referring to if music should be expressional or just cords. He makes a good point to the audience, would they really like a song enough to see how it was made and the passion behind it? most people wouldn't so what would it matter if AI made it or if an artist stayed up nights on end to create it. He then compares certian circumstances to AI to really show how though we might not use AI for music we do use other things and its not much different such as the example he has mentioned, "used AI to help with some song lyrics? is that much different than a rhyming dictionary"

    2. at 56 seconds, I really like when people pay a trick to prove their point and that's what he did here. He sort of bored everyone with something they would normally hear but instead it was made by AI. He really gets peoples attention and the viewers attention espesially when he mentions how a robot could replicate something only a human should. he describes the song saying "an old man singing straight from the soul" just for it to be AI.

    1. O human child!

      Why didn't the faeries simply say child? The specification of human implies that the child's humanity is what they were seeking. perhaps it was something they themselves did not possess.

    2. For the world's more full of weeping than you can understand

      The repetition of "the world's more full of weeping than you can understand is ambiguous because it can be interpretated as saving, but the title "The Stolen Child suggests the child was captured or lured.

    1. calcite is easily dissolved in acid and thus effervesces in dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl).

      The fact that calcite reacts with acid makes it easier to identify compared to other minerals. I think this is interesting because such a simple test can be very useful for geologists in the field.

    2. Calcite crystals show an interesting property called birefringence, meaning they polarize light into two wave components vibrating at right angles to each other. As the two light waves pass through the crystal, they travel at different velocities and are separated by refraction into two different travel paths. In other words, the crystal produces a double image of objects viewed through it. Because they polarize light, calcite crystals are used in special petrographic microscopes for studying minerals and rocks

      This property kind of reminds me of the refraction illusion that I was taught in middle school. Where you put a pencil in a cup of water, you could see the pencil "bending," but the light was making this illusion happen. In this case the light is traveling differently, giving us the illusion that light is "bending."

    1. Upon death, their hard parts accumulate on the ocean floor as sediments and eventually may become the sedimentary rock limestone.

      The process of shells accumulating and eventually forming limestone shows how materials from living organisms can become part of the rock cycle over time. I think this is interesting because it connects past life directly to the formation of Earth’s surface.

    2. Many organisms build bones, shells, and body coverings by extracting ions from water and precipitating minerals biologically.

      It is interesting that living organisms play a major role in forming minerals by pulling ions from water to create shells and bones. This shows that geology is connected to biology in shaping Earth’s surface.

    3. Heat is energy that causes atoms in substances to vibrate. Temperature is a measure of the intensity of the vibration. If the vibrations are violent enough, chemical bonds are broken and the crystals melt releasing the ions into the melt. Magma is molten rock with freely moving ions. When magma is emplaced at depth or extruded onto the surface (then called lava), it starts to cool and mineral crystals can form.

      Out of the 3 precipitations, the magma one is my favorite because this process can form crystal minerals from intense heat. This shows how nature has been doing its own thing for millions of years and will continue by using heat to create something we find amazing.

    1. During the attacks and exploits phase, the penetration tester attempts to exploitvulnerabilities discovered during information gathering. This may involvetechniques such as social engineering attacks, system-level exploitation, or webapplication attacks. The objective here is to achieve initial access in a controlledand documented manner

      Needs a lot of attention

    Annotators

    1. Figure 2. Four mechanisms support concurrent task execution in CORPGEN: hierarchical planning, isolated subagents, tiered memory, and adaptive summarization.

      特别的微软

    1. erreicht aber keine Privatpersonen

      see my comment above: private buyers actually do benefit form this but indirectly, as argued in this article. Change phrasing of this accordingly

    2. aber sie erreicht keine Privatpersonen.

      Earlier in the article, the opposite is argued: That private buyers actually do benefit from this, indirectly. Would change the phrasing here a bit to account for that

    3. Hat der Förderstopp überall in Europa den gleichen Effekt wie in Deutschland? Was haben Länder ohne Einbruch anders gemacht? Was können wir aus dem Vergleich lernen?

      Again, wouldn't need the questions here

    4. Das sind 74 % unter dem Ziel.

      this number seems wrong, isn't it ca. 50 %? I would delete the sentence in any case because the prior sentence makes the point clear already

    5. Vieles deutet darauf hin, dass der Gebrauchtmarkt zur wichtigsten Triebfeder der privaten E-Auto-Adoption wird.

      Could delete this here because this statement has been made a couple of times already up to this point, it's a bit redundant

    6. Die Erklärung liegt in der Zwei-Geschwindigkeiten-Transition

      make it "Die Erklärung liegt darin, dass der Übergang zum E-Auto in zwei Geschwindigkeiten stattfindet"

    7. bevorzugen 50 % der Autokäufer weiterhin einen Verbrenner

      What exactly is the paradox? If 50% prefer a combustion engine, that means that 50% prefer a BEV or such? Do the actual numbers show "the opposite" as the next sentence claims? This needs to cleared up

    8. Laut einer Studie des Center Automotive Research (CAR) betrug der durchschnittliche Mehrpreis eines E-Autos gegenüber einem vergleichbaren Verbrenner Anfang 2026 nur noch 1.340 Euro, nach 7.300 Euro ein Jahr zuvor.

      Is this true for the German market or globally? I'm a bit surprised the number is supposed to be that low in Germany

    9. Wie entwickelt sich der Gebrauchtmarkt für E-Autos? Warum überholen Gebrauchtkäufe die privaten Neuzulassungen? Was bedeutet der Wertverlust für Käufer und Verkäufer?

      as above, I personally wouldn't need these questions here and if anything, would prefer them as sub-headlines for the single section within this chapter

    10. Doch genau hier liegt der Wendepunkt: Die Dominanz des Firmenmarkts ist kein Problem, sondern der Beginn der eigentlichen Revolution.

      make this: "Doch die Dominanz des Firmenmarkts ist kein Problem, sondern möglicherweise der Wegbereiter einer echten Elektrowende."

    11. erreicht der gewerbliche Anteil seinen Höhepunkt bei über 75 %.

      After this, it first turned around because private buyers made use of the Umweltbonus before it ran out in December 2023. This should be acknowledged

    12. batterieelektrischer Fahrzeuge (BEV)

      use this the first time "BEV" is mentioned in the article so it is clear from the beginning what BEV stands for. after that you can also only use the abbreviation

    13. Wie hat sich der E-Auto-Markt seit dem Förderstopp entwickelt? Wie viele E-Autos gibt es aktuell in Deutschland? Ist die Erholung 2025 nachhaltig oder nur ein Strohfeuer?

      Maybe that's just me but I find don't need this questions. They feel a bit much after just reading 8 chapter headlines in the content overview.

    14. Unser Basisszenario sieht rund 4,5 Millionen BEV bis 2030. Selbst im optimistischsten Fall wären es 7,4 Millionen.

      make it make it "Das Basisszenario unserer Projektion geht bis 2030 von 4,5 Millionen BEV auf deutschen Straßen aus. Selbst im optimistischen Fall wären es nur 7,4 Millionen."

    15. Was keine Prämie geschafft hat, schafft jetzt der Gebrauchtmarkt

      The word "E-Autos" should be included in the headline, I think. For example: "E-Autos: Was keine Prämie geschafft hat, schafft jetzt der Gebrauchtwagenmarkt". That's solid. Also, try to find version that is a bit snappier and straighter to the point.

    16. Warum der Durchbruch des E-Autos nicht im Autohaus stattfindet, sondern auf dem Gebrauchtwagenmarkt.

      Used cars are also sold in car dealerships, right? If so, this sentence doesn't work. I also wouldn't start with "warum" in this case but more like: "Der Durchbruch des E-Autos kommt – aber nicht über Neuwagen oder neue Modelle, sondern über den Gebrauchtwagenmarkt. Warum, und was Deutschland von Europas Vorreitern lernen kann, erklärt diese Studie."

    17. Der Boom bei Neuzulassungen wird nicht von Privatpersonen getragen, sondern von Firmenwagen und Flotten. Aber der eigentliche Wandel findet dort statt, wo die Statistik ihn fast übersieht, auf dem Gebrauchtwagenmarkt.

      make it: "Der Boom bei Neuzulassungen wird nicht von Privatpersonen getragen, sondern von Firmenwagen und Flotten und findet vor allem auf dem Gebrauchtwagenmarkt statt."

    18. Zwei Jahre später stehen erstmals über zwei Millionen E-Autos auf deutschen Straßen.

      make it "Trotzdem stehen heute erstmals mehr als zwei Millionen E-Autos auf deutschen Straßen."

    1. Ionic bonds, also called electron-transfer bonds, are formed by the electrostatic attraction between atoms having opposite charges.

      Ionic bonding is important because it shows how minerals are formed through the attraction of opposite charges. This makes it easier to understand how compounds like salt or calcite are created in nature.

    2. Isotopes are forms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

      I think this is interesting because it shows how small changes in neutrons can affect measurements used in science.

  4. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Gender Pay Gap Bot [@PayGapApp]. Gender Pay Gap Bot (@PayGapApp). March 2023. URL: https://twitter.com/PayGapApp (visited on 2023-12-02).

      The gender pay gap bot essentially replies to tweets that have tagged their account with a statement if women's and mens pay is equal at that company. If accurate, I think that this could be a good way to gauge the surface level of industries that have a gender wage gap or not. One thing that I thought was interesting was how all the posts that this bot replied to were from International Women's Day.

    1. CompTIA PenTest+ PT0-003 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 3.0Copyright © 2023 CompTIA, Inc. All rights reserved.Given a scenario, conduct vulnerability discovery using various techniques

      !!! MISSED QUESTIONS HERE !!!

    2. CompTIA PenTest+ PT0-003 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 3.0Copyright © 2023 CompTIA, Inc. All rights reserved.Explain the components of a penetration test report

      !!! MISSED QUESTIONS HERE !!!

    Annotators

    1. How are people’s expectations different for a bot and a “normal” user?

      Peoples expectations are different for a bot and normal user because a bot often is associated with something that is taking up space or activity and that is preventing a normal user from being able to access a platform. So I feel like people expect normal users to make mistakes and take a longer time at completing something while if a bot was present, it is automatically programmed to do something, making a process quicker but also potentially stopping a normal user from achieving something.

    1. The figure shows the minerals associated with specific hardness values, together with some common items readily available for use in field testing and mineral identification. The hardness values run from 1 to 10, with 10 being the hardest; however, the scale is not linear. Diamond defines a hardness of 10 and is actually about four times harder than corundum, which is 9. A steel pocketknife blade, which has a hardness value of 5.5, separates between hard and soft minerals on many mineral identification keys.

      This paragraph explains how the Mohs Hardness Scale works and gives examples of the type of items that have different hardness values. This is another way of figuring out what type of mineral we may find. This method is not new but rather recently looked into.

    1. The chemical formula is (Fe,Mg)2SiO4. As previously described, the comma between iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) indicates these two elements occur in a solid solution. Not to be confused with a liquid solution, a solid solution occurs when two or more elements have similar properties and can freely substitute for each other in the same location in the crystal structure.

      I found this part interesting because two or more elements with similar properties within the crystal structure can substitute each other to create one mineral.

    1. Is this a large part of why white supremacy is so prevalent? Because of a recognized tendency to step out of the social norms of monogamy and commitment while people of color tend to value long-term monogamy more fundamentally?

    2. I find it quite plausible that despite carrying the facade of impeccable purity, many in this era were likely quite obsessed and quite deviant from what they deemed "acceptable" sexual behavior. Sexual exploration is fundamental to the human experience.

    3. As a recognized significant source of inequality, why has there been so little movement culturally towards a more equitable society here within the US?

    4. Having studied quite a bit about the feminist and gay movements and how they ramped up greatly during the 60's, I very much appreciate how the authors credited these events as important elements of how and why this article was written.

    1. So what are the ethical questions facing the designers and programmers of social media platforms? Are they responsible for designing their platforms around this accessibility issue, or is it the responsibility of users uploading image data to make their content accessible by using alt-text?

      Programmers of social media platforms that intentionally design their systems and interfaces allowing for negative impacts are responsibly even though in a way it is their job and money maker. It connects with my 2.2.3 comment about means. In a vise-versa perspective, should companies be held responsible for designing social interactions that cause damage to society for a living? Users are the pawns but the developers are the players in this structure.

    1. The ends justify the means.

      I find throughout life that character and intention may not align completely with the consequence. Humans are complicated individuals and unless you are the one who is responsible of the action, thought, or intent, you won't understand to the full capacity of all the information you need to make a fully-educated justification. I do not agree with the idea that the ends justify the means. It might be meant for a positive end, but that is basically the backbone of any tragic villain arc. On the flip side, what are the morals behind a bad intent done with good, or legal means? Can we kill a bunch of people for the greater good? Or cheat the system unfairly without breaking any laws?

    1. Oftentimes, we have found that people who lack an understanding of MLs and have a deficit perspective of them have not spent any amount of time in their communities. We have noticed through our own experience that a significant increase in the number of ML families present in a community may provoke feelings of panic and resentment from some community members. Some community members—especially those who have not spent time in a culture other than their own—may fear that ML families will take away resources and jobs from the community, will decrease home values, and will lessen their school’s academics.

      This selection reminds me of the times when segregation in schools was slowly changed into integration and many students of different ethnic and cultural background started joining white americans in schools. Because there was sadly a lot of controversy and fear back that that the african american, hispanic, muslim, etc. would affect the school's academics, decrease home values in white neighborhoods, and take away jobs. Even still to this day there are still some community members that are so set in that older systemic social construct because it was all they knew growing up. And it was because they never took the time to get to know those families and their culture.

    2. We all love to hear a good story, and MLs sharing their own stories is one way we can build bridges and help foster connections with ML students. Teachers of younger MLs can first model the task of students drawing a personal narrative storyboard or series of images, then have students write a response to the sentence prompt of their choice, such as “What’s your least favorite part of school? Why?” or “Share a favorite memory you have with a family member.” Teachers can ask older newcomer students to write a personal narrative and then share it with colleagues and school administrators

      This to me, would be a great thing to do during the first week of school. In my EDU 280 class we covered the importance of the first week of school because of the first impressions teachers and students make and how important introductions are to start building connections between teacher and students as well as students building connections with each other. And I think sharing a good story like this could be a good ice breaker or integrated into a fun activity to get to know one another. Of course that doesn't mean the story sharing idea couldn't also be used when a student transfers later on in the school year. The transfer student could still draw a personal narrative storyboard or write response to sentence promp of their choice even if its past the first week of school.

    3. Engaging in an assets-based approach with MLs requires a shift in our thinking from what we believe is lacking in our students to the many strengths and assets that they and their families already possess. To do this, we must take time to learn about our MLs’ and their families’ invaluable personal, cultural, social, and world experiences and draw from these strengths-based understandings to create instructional opportunities that are meaningful, purposeful, and appealing to our students. Not only will our MLs benefit, but native English-speaking students will learn from their ML peers and see them in a new light.

      As I started reading this selection, I started to think about how I recently learned about the importance of looking at our students strengths, weaknesses and learning about their families could help us be effective teachers. And reading about how doing the same for our ML students seemed to be an interesting expansion to what I've learned in that other course. I agree that drawing from that knowledge and implementing it in our lesson plans is an interesting idea, so that our native english-speaking students can learn from their ML peers and the ML students can likewise learn from their native-english speaking peers at the same time.

    4. Once we know more information about our students’ personal histories as well as academic backgrounds, MLs’ home language use and literacy practices should be used as rich resources in designing effective instruction. Educators can incorporate instructional practices into their lessons that provide students the opportunity to build on their knowledge and skills in their home language or languages (August et al., 2009).

      I think that its interesting idea for teachers to incorporate instructional practices into their lessons for students to build on their knowledge and skills in their home language or languages so that they don't have to lose that proficiency in their home language. I got to observe a DL math class during one of my EDU 280 classes and the teacher spoke through the entire lesson in spanish and encouraged her students to answer or ask questions in spanish so that they can improve on their math skills and keep up their spanish language skills at the same time. Especially since they were already taking some classes in english to learn english language as well.

    1. he League of Nations to stop German, Italian, and Japanese aggres

      The League of nations was fundamental in stoping the aggression of the violent countries trying to have power over other countries.

    2. , the Army Air Force (AAF) sent hundreds (and eventually thousands) of bombers to England in preparation for a massive strategic bombing campaign against Germany.

      The Army Air Force was helping in bombing Germany.

    3. It was the Soviet Union that broke Hitler’s army. Twenty-five million Soviet soldiers and civilians died during the

      The Soviet Union had recruited enough soldiers to broke down Hitler's army.

    4. . It split into three pieces and stood at the gates of Moscow, Stalingrad, and Leningrad, but supply lines now stretched thousands of miles, Soviet infrastructure had been destroyed, partisans harried German lines, and the brutal Russian winter arrived. Germany had won massive gains but the winter found Germany exhausted and overextended.

      Germany its obsessed to win territories. This is so sad. Its destroying a lot of lives and stability.

    5. Children were sent far into the countryside to live with strangers to shield them from the bombings.

      that is so sad because parents are being separated from their children. The worst fact... sending them with strangers.

    6. Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia and began to make demands on Poland. Britain and France promised war. And war came.

      Britain and France also joined the war

    1. Can you find any pairs where the analogy doesn't work?

      sock, feet glove, hand

      is an exception - in general might not be a super interpretable in the embedded space