Gotu kola (L.) Þéttbýli. Aperaceae — Heilir ofanjarðarhlutar (lauf og stilkur)
Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) Asísk jurt
Gotu kola fyrir brjósk:
🧱 styður uppbyggingu (kollagen!) 🛠️ hjálpar við viðgerð 🩸 bætir flæði
➡️ ein af fáum jurtum sem eru “repair & rebuild”
Salix alba L. Salicaceae — Börkur (þurrkaður börkur ungra greina)
Víðir (Salix alba) Víðir fyrir brjósk:
🔥 bólgueyðandi 💊 verkjastillandi 🛡️ óbein vernd
❌ byggir ekki upp brjósk
but an existential activity with tran-scendent potentiality.
Ok that seems a little grand to me but if they want me to buy it I will
the civil societyperspective views citizen participation as not simply important for demo-cratic organization but essential for realizing one’s humanity.
In that case the suburbs are defiantly NOT good
interdependent
right, the local level might be ok but step it up anymore and we've got a probelm
The ordering of these competing preferences depends upon how Irealize myself at any particular moment, an understanding that is pro-foundly shaped by my institutional and social circumstances.
So rational actors who are detached is not a good theory
who is fully formedbefore the confrontation begins.
But probably society has some say in how you are formed, I'm following
derive theirincome and other services from the remainder of the metropolis
But a different polity reaps the benefits
divorce themselves from the greater community with whichthey interact
The urb bruh
only to highlight the antidemocratic character of suburban institu-tional arrangements
Points out that there is going to be an inherent inequality between municipalities
although citiesdid at one time have such a character
Bring me back to machine politics
not all citizens are equally mobile
Which means not all municipalities have to be responsive
the multi-faceted and inherently social condition of human existence
I mean not if you believe Hobbes
not from democratic actionbut from the potential mobility of revenue-producing citizens.
Proactive gov.
they can simply“vote with their feet” and move to another jurisdiction
Self sorting leads to same-ness which is not a problem as we see above, might also be a problem for the causation the author wants to claim as self sorting would be selection bias. Of course ability to sort is not perfect eh.
citizens have replaced old-fashioned political ac-tion with modern consumer behavior.
?
These models startwith the Hobbesian-like premise that individuals in a political system areisolated and autonomous, with the added condition that all individualsare motivated to act in ways that maximize the utility of their actions.
Latter, maybe, former, hell no
If all people in a society think alike, then anyone member can speak for the group.
This presupposes that economic and racial homogeneity equates to political homogeneity
also varies with the diver-sity of opinion in a polity.
The views of a pop will not be stagnant and neither will the population and so civic action accounts for changes
create a protected sphere enabling indi-viduals to pursue their own goals in relative isolation.
Def of the suburbs bruh
civil society and social capital arguments
This could be bad, on a more national level
Similarly, if a person shares a politywith people who have an identical set of preferences, then the necessityof mass participation is quite low, as any one voter can articulate theviews of many.
homogeneity
Ifrepresentatives are adequately representing the aggregate of citizen inter-ests, then the level of citizen participation either necessary or possible inthe governing process is fairly low
The problem to be concerned about is the inter-municipal conflicts
that higher participation levels are an unquestionedbenefit for a democracy because they correspond to more authentic, rep-resentative, and fair governing processes
But what if those processes are already transpiring
are nec-essarily harmful for American democracy
My point
the content of political life
I mean also they are having a say over residents –> voters
institu-tionalizing of social differences among residents of a common metro-politan area
Keeping poor or black people from moving in
who par-ticipates?
The question should be "where participates"
Most important, the findings highlight the often over-looked role of social contexts and institutions in civic life
The place you live shapes the politics you participate in
suburbanization alsoeliminates many of the incentives that draw citizens into the publicrealm.
But hypothetically their needs are being met
the civic benefits of smaller size are undermined.
By a lack of diversity, still fuzzy about the mechanism here
The suburb superficially restores thedream of Jeffersonian democracy
Big claim
not surprisingly, arequick to draw on negative clich ́es.
I wonder if these can become self fulfilling prophecies
decry the isolating, banal, andoverly privatized quality of suburban areas
The writing in the book is pretty good
Open a social media interface (not the one you’ve been working with) and choose a view (e.g., a list of posts, an individual post, an author page etc.). First identify as many pieces of information you can see the screen (without doing anything). For each piece of information: What data types might be used to represent that data on a computer? How is this data a simplification of reality? That is, what does it not capture? Who does it work best for, and who does it not work well for? Did the user(s) directly provide that data, or was it collected automatically by the social media site?
TikTok only shows the number of likes as an integer data type, meaning it tells me how many people liked a video, but it does not show different emotions like Facebook, where users can react with various feelings. So we cannot really tell whether people truly enjoyed the video or just saved or liked it to share with others. It does not clearly reflect viewers’ real feelings, including mine. Another example is text data such as usernames and profile pictures which are based on users’ personal preferences and do not necessarily reflect who they are in real life. This is why there are many fake accounts on social media, created for different purposes. Sometimes when scrolling on TikTok, I wonder why I see unfamiliar videos that I have never searched for or talked about. I think this happens because the platform collects data from my followers, and if they like certain types of videos, similar content may also appear on my feed.
eLife Assessment
This study represents an important advance in our understanding of how certain inhibitors affect the behavior of voltage gated potassium channels. Robust molecular dynamics simulation and analysis methods lead to a new proposed inhibition mechanism with convincing strength of support. This study has considerable significance for the fields of ion channel physiology and pharmacology and could aid in development of selective inhibitors for protein targets.
Reviewer #3 (Public review):
Summary
In this manuscript, Zhang et al. investigate the conduction and inhibition mechanisms of the Kv2.1 channel, with a particular focus on the distinct effects of TEA and RY785 on Kv2 potassium channels. Using microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations, the authors characterize K⁺ ion permeation and RY785-mediated inhibition within the central pore. Their results reveal an inhibition mechanism that differs from those described for other Kv channel inhibitors.
Strengths
The study identifies a distinctive inhibitory mode for RY785, which binds along the channel walls in the open-state structure while still permitting a reduced level of K⁺ conduction. In addition, the authors propose a long-range allosteric coupling between RY785 binding in the central pore and changes in the structural dynamics of Kv2.1. Overall, this is a well-organized and carefully executed study, employing robust simulation and analysis methodologies. The work provides novel mechanistic insights into voltage-gated potassium channel inhibition and may offer useful guidance for future structure-based drug design efforts.
Weaknesses:
As noted in the Discussion, this study focuses primarily on the major binding site within the central pore and was not designed to systematically assess other potential allosteric binding sites for RY785. A more comprehensive structural and biophysical evaluation of possible additional binding sites would be a valuable direction for future investigations.
Comments on revisions:
The authors have addressed my comments.
Author response:
The following is the authors’ response to the previous reviews
Public Reviews:
Reviewer #1 (Public review):
Summary:
The authors were seeking to identify a molecular mechanism whereby the small molecule RY785 selectively inhibits Kv2.1 channels. Specifically, the authors sought to explain some of the functional differences that RY785 exhibits in experimental electrophysiology experiments as compared to other Kv inhibitors, namely the charged and non-specific inhibitor tetraethylammonium (TEA). The authors used a recently published cryo-EM Kv2.1 channel structure in the open activated state and performed a series of multi-microsecond-long all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to study Kv2.1 channel conduction under the applied membrane voltage with and without RY785 or TEA present. They observed that while TEA directly blocks K+ permeation by occluding ion permeation pathway, RY785 binds to multiple non-polar residues near the hydrophobic gate of the channel driving it to a semi-closed non-conductive state. They confirmed this mechanism using an additional set of simulations and used it to explain experimental electrophysiology data,
Strengths:
The total length of simulation time is impressive, totaling many tens of microseconds. The authors develop their own forcefield parameters for the RY785 molecule based on extensive QM based parameterization. The computed permeation rate of K+ ions through the channel observed under applied voltage conditions is in reasonable agreement with experimental estimates of the single channel conductance. The authors have performed extensive simulations with the apo channel as well as both TEA and RY785. The simulations with TEA reasonably demonstrate that TEA directly blocks K+ permeation by binding in the center of the Kv2.1 channel cavity, preventing K+ ions from reaching the SCav site. The authors conclude that RY785 likely stabilizes a partially closed conformation of the Kv2.1 channel and thereby inhibits K+ current. This conclusion is plausible given that RY785 makes stable contacts with multiple hydrophobic residues in the S6 helix, which they can also validate using a recently published closed-state Kv2.1 channel cryo-EM structure. This further provides a possible mechanism for the experimental observations that RY785 speeds up the deactivation kinetics of Kv2 channels from a previous experimental electrophysiology study.
Weaknesses:
The authors, however, did not directly observe this semi-closed channel conformation and in fact acknowledge that more direct simulation evidence would require extensive enhanced-sampling simulations beyond the scope of this study. They have not estimated the effect of RY785 binding on the protein-based hydrophobic pore constriction, which may further substantiate their proposed mechanism. And while the authors quantified K+ permeation, they have not made any estimates of the ligand binding affinities or rates, which could have been potentially compared to experiment and used to validate their models.
However, despite those relatively minor weaknesses, the conclusions of the study are convincing, and overall this is a solid study helping us to understand two distinct molecular mechanisms of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv2.1 inhibition by TEA and RY785, respectively.
Reviewer #2 (Public review):
Summary
In this manuscript, Zhang et al. investigate the conduction and inhibition mechanisms of the Kv2.1 channel, with a particular focus on the distinct effects of TEA and RY785 on Kv2 potassium channels. Using microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations, the authors characterize K⁺ ion permeation and RY785-mediated inhibition within the central pore. Their results reveal an inhibition mechanism that differs from those described for other Kv channel inhibitors.
Strengths
The study identifies a distinctive inhibitory mode for RY785, which binds along the channel walls in the open-state structure while still permitting a reduced level of K⁺ conduction. In addition, the authors propose a long-range allosteric coupling between RY785 binding in the central pore and changes in the structural dynamics of Kv2.1. Overall, this is a well-organized and carefully executed study, employing robust simulation and analysis methodologies. The work provides novel mechanistic insights into voltage-gated potassium channel inhibition and may offer useful guidance for future structure-based drug design efforts.
Weaknesses:
The study needs to consider the possibility of multiple binding sites for PY785, particularly given its impact on voltage sensors and gating currents. Specifically, the potential for allosteric binding sites in the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) should be assessed, as some allosteric modulators with thiazole moieties are known to bind VSD domains in multiple voltage-gated sodium channels (Ahuja et al., 2015; Li et al., 2022; McCormack et al., 2013; Mulcahy et al., 2019). Increasing structural and functional evidence supports the existence of multiple ligand-binding modes in voltage-gated ion channels. For example, polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to bind to KCNQ1 at both the voltage sensor domain and the pore domain (https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202012850). Similarly, cannabidiol has been structurally resolved in Nav1.7 at two distinct sites, one in a fenestration and another near the IFM-binding pocket (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39307-6). These advances illustrate that ligand effects cannot always be interpreted based solely on a single binding site identified previously.
Reviewing Editor:
The comments of the reviewers seem thoughtful and constructive. The weaknesses noted in reviews mainly concern mismatch between expectations, created by reading the Abstract, and data in the manuscript. The mismatch could be reconciled by either new simulations examining a semi-open state of the gate and additional RY785 binding sites, or by adjusting wording of the Abstract and Discussion to make it more clear that such simulations were not done.
The Abstract and Discussion have been revised to make clear the computer-simulations presented in our study were designed to specifically validate or refute the hypothesis that RY785 is recognized by the pore domain, not the voltage sensors.
Recommendations for the authors:
Reviewer #1 (Recommendations for the authors):
The authors addressed all the major issues in the original submission identified by the reviewers. I noticed a few minor issues, listed below, which can potentially fix small errors and further improve the readability of the manuscript.
p.3 tetramethyl-ammonium -> tetraethylammonium
p.7 "Snapshot of the final snapshot" -> "Snapshot of the final simulation coordinates"
p. 8 "sigma value" - please spell out what it is.
p. 9 "one or other subunit of the tetramer" -> "one or another subunit of the tetramer" or "one or more subunits of the tetramer"
p 15 "(the net charge of these constructs is thus zero)." -> ""(the net charge of these constructs is zero for these systems)." Please note that using ionizable amino acid residues in their default protonation state does not guarantee net zero charge of the system since the number of cationic and anionic residues is generally not the same.
p. 15 "Two K+ ions were initially positioned in the selectivity filter, one coordinated by residues 373..." Please indicate at which ion binding sites S_1, S_2, e.g. K+ were located and what the residue names are .
SI Figs. S3-S20. Please indicate in the figure captions that all those data are for RY785
SI Fig. S22 and SI Table S1 captions "shown in Fig. S20" -> "shown in Fig. S21"
We thank the Reviewer for this thorough proofreading. We have made the necessary corrections.
Reviewer #2 (Recommendations for the authors):
The authors have addressed most of my comments satisfactorily, with the exception of the first point. Below, I provide further clarification regarding my concern.
First, it appears that the authors may have misunderstood what is meant by the possibility of multiple binding sites for RY785. This does not imply that the central pore is excluded as a binding site. Rather, it refers to the possibility that, in addition to a pore-domain site, the ligand may interact with additional binding sites, either simultaneously or in a statedependent manner. Increasing structural and functional evidence supports the existence of multiple ligand-binding modes in voltage-gated ion channels. For example, polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to bind to KCNQ1 at both the voltage sensor domain and the pore domain (https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202012850). Similarly, cannabidiol has been structurally resolved in Nav1.7 at two distinct sites, one in a fenestration and another near the IFM-binding pocket (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-02339307-6). These advances illustrate that ligand ecects cannot always be interpreted based solely on a single binding site identified previously. Therefore, even if one assumes that there is no precedent for a small-molecule inhibitor that simultaneously acts on both the voltage sensor and pore domain, this does not exclude the possibility that a ligand may bind to both regions in dicerent functional states.
The Reviewer’s opinion came across clearly in the previous version. We however disagree that a computational investigation of the possibility that RY785 binds to the voltagesensors is well-advised at this point, given that the model we propose seemingly ocers a rationale for the inhibitory ecects observed experimentally. Our opinion is also that there is no compelling precedent for the mechanism of inhibition envisaged by the Reviewer – and would argue that neither of the two studies referenced above are compelling examples. As we stated in our previous response to the Reviewer, we believe that the logical next step in this research will be to validate or refute the computational prediction we have put forward, experimentally.
In addition, the present computational study does not provide direct mechanistic evidence to explain the statement that RY785 accelerates voltage-sensor deactivation. Specifically, no simulations were performed to model pore-domain closure or voltage-sensor motion upon RY785 binding. Moreover, alternative binding sites were neither explored nor explicitly excluded, as the simulations only involved placing a single molecule of TEA or RY785 approximately 10 Å below the cytoplasmic gate. Under these conditions, conclusions regarding ecects on voltage-sensor dynamics remain speculative.
That is a fair characterization.
These concerns do not detract from the overall quality of this otherwise strong computational study. There are several straightforward ways to address this issue. For example:
(1) Perform molecular docking or related screening approaches to evaluate potential ligand-binding sites beyond the central pore, particularly in regions proximal to the voltage sensor. This should not impose a substantial additional computational burden for a computational chemistry group.
(2) Revise the abstract and discussion to clarify that the current work focuses exclusively on pore-domain binding and does not explore possible additional binding sites near the voltage sensor. Explicitly stating this limitation would help prevent potential overinterpretation by readers.
We have opted for (2), as noted above.
El última línea es un indicador, señalando que el REPL está listo para que se ingrese una instrucción. Si escribe una línea de código y presiona Enter, la REPL muestra el resultado:
A program interacts with people
Es bueno para nosotros conocer sobre programación así sea de manera básica, para que cuando nos enfrentemos a un sistema que se quiera aplicar en nuestra labor podamos entendernos con los ingenieros de sistemas, por ejemplo cuando se quiere hacer el catalogo de la biblioteca: si uno no conoce ciertas cosas como: llegar a nuestros usuarios y mostrar lo que tenemos, además de la integración de los datos y que sea visible y entendible para nuestros usuarios. Este tipo de conocimientos nos ayudan a crear un buen sistema de usuario interfaz y de administrativo interfaz y demás aplicaciones.
n short, programming differs from good programming like crayon sketches in a diner from oil paintings in a museum.
Esta frase resume como nosotros hacemos nuestra profesión, donde nos enfocamos, por ejemplo si como científicos de la información me baso en solo catalogación y me vuelvo un duro en ello pero en las otras áreas las conozco pero no profundamente. o si me enfoco en la Referencia me vuelvo un duro encontrando información y formando usuarios pero catalogación se queda a un lado y así con todos nuestros conocimientos , pues difícilmente uno puede enforacarse en todas con la misma fuerza.
Accountants program
Es curioso como toda profesión tiene una herramienta que se debe usar como menciona este párrafo, pero lo mas curioso es que para nuestra profesión no solo se debe saber y aprender a usar sistemas o software bibliotecario sino otras herramientas ofimáticas, y de manera trasversal muchas otras cosas, pues cuando uno esta trabajando comienzan a de cierta forma obligar a usar otros tipos de recursos para suplir cosas en el diario vivir de la labor. como por ejemplo tener nociones básicas de programación, o de visualización de datos o hasta de creación de piezas graficas.
Solanaceae
same family as the mandrake
Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest
thirves in hotter climates
Leon, un influenceur fitness de 26 ans l’explique dans l’article « What else is new about social media influenceurs? » : «I share glimpses of my life so that I don’t seem like a robot to people. » (Lou et Zhou 2024)
tu as mis une citation qui n'est pas de Léon mais de Lou et Zhou
Ces initiatives ne suppriment pas totalement les normes dominantes, mais elles participent à leur redéfinition. Les influenceurs deviennent ainsi des acteurs capables de façonner de nouvelles références sociales, parfois plus inclusives, tout en continuant à structurer les représentations de la beauté et des genres.
C'est bien de rappeler que cela ne supprime pas totalement les normes dominantes
ce sera
peut être un peu trop famillier
Our results were consistent with the idea that each community has a limited amount of experience and resources to help build up student capital in their college-going population.
a very important issue that does need more addressing
we lumped them all together
yeesh
This approach also has the benefit of addressing systemic inequities built into society.
incredibily important.
gathered the resources, traits, and skills they need to navigate complex social and academic environments.
everyone has different ways of learning and teaching but there's really only one way that is taught and it's outdated. most students and teachers have to conform to that outdated standard
Student success is complicated.
YUP, and can never be assumed and is extremely difficult to put in a catagory cause it's a conundrum of things
sense of control over the world.
def what most people crave and make assumptions for a sense of safety
I
Il n’est pas nécessaire de mettre des numéros pour les titres
Garden Plan customer
These people haven't purchased the plan - so should be "Garden Plan User"
If you're reading this, you probably know the feeling. You want a real garden, the kind that actually feeds your family, but every year you end up with patchy results, wasted seeds, and a half-empty bed by July. I know that feeling because I lived it for a long time before I figured this out.In 2006, my dad Edwin joined his brother managing Bountiful Blessings Farm in middle Tennessee. I went full-time there in 2008, and we ran a Winter CSA from October through March. Keeping fresh produce on people's tables through the dead of winter is the hardest test of a gardener I can think of. We leaned hard on Eliot Coleman's books, on what my dad had learned over the years, and on a lot of trial and error in the field.Around the same time, my dad and I launched an online garden training business together. We'd been working alongside each other for years, and we wanted to teach what we knew to people growing food in their own backyards. That's where I learned the real problem isn't growing food. It's planning. Most people don't fail because they're bad gardeners. They fail because nobody ever gave them a real plan that maps out their season from start to finish.So we started building one. First it was spreadsheets and custom checklists for our students. Then it became "Click 'N Drop Gardening Calendars." Then it became Seedtime, the app, the plans, the cheat sheets, all of it, because what people really needed was one place where the layout, the timing, the rotation, and the techniques all lived together.The $2,000 Plug & Play Garden Plan you're looking at right now is the foundation of all of it. It's the same plan I use on my own garden. It's the plan we use to teach beginners and experienced gardeners alike how to actually feed themselves from a backyard space.If you're frustrated, if you've tried to garden and it just hasn't clicked, this is what I'd hand you if you walked up my driveway and asked me where to start. No fluff, no theory. Just the plan that works.
If you're reading this, you probably know the feeling. You want a real garden, the kind that actually feeds your family, but every year you end up with patchy results, wasted seeds, and a half-empty bed by July. I know that feeling and it's not fun.
In 2006, my dad Edwin joined his brother managing Bountiful Blessings Farm in middle Tennessee. I went full-time there in 2008, and we ran a Winter CSA from October through March. Keeping fresh produce on people's tables through the dead of winter is the hardest test of a gardener I can think of. We leaned hard on Eliot Coleman's books, on what my dad and uncle had learned over the years, and on a lot of trial and error in the field.
A few years later, I launched an online garden training business and eventually pulled in my dad in to work with me. We'd been working alongside each other for years, and we wanted to teach what we knew to people growing food in their own backyards. That's where I learned the real struggle for a lot of people isn't just growing food. It's planning. Most people don't fail at growing a continual harvest of fresh food because they're bad gardeners. They fail because they don't know what to do and when to do it. They get overwhelmed, stressed, and nobody ever gave them a real plan that maps out their season from start to finish.
So we started solving this problem. First it was spreadsheets that we planned to turn into custom checklists for our students. Then it became "Click 'N Drop Gardening Calendars." Then it became Seedtime, the app, our plug and play garden plan, the cheat sheets, all of it, because what people really needed was one place where the layout, the timing, the rotation, and the techniques all lived together.
The $2,000 Plug & Play Garden Plan you're looking at right now is the result of all of it. It's the same plan I used on my own garden. It's the plan we use to teach beginners and experienced gardeners alike how to actually feed themselves and make the most from a backyard space.
If you're frustrated, if you've tried to garden and it just hasn't clicked, this is what I'd hand you if you walked up my driveway and asked me where to start. No fluff, no theory. Just the plan that works.
“I've been a backyard hobby veggie gardener for easily 10 years. I've always struggled to be organized and timely with my seed starting and transplanting.
Update I've to I've etc.
Real reviews from people who bought and used this plan in their own garden.
Real reviews from people who are using this plan in their own garden.
Asking yourself, What am I doing? will help you overcome the habit of wanting to complete things quickly
How to be present.
Recently, I’ve been trying to do the dishes in silence. The easiest way to get them done, of course, is to blast some music, or put a podcast into my ears, to separate my mind from my body and distract myself from the task at hand. This will always be the post-dinner-party strategy, the only way to get it done. But in an effort to repair my relationship with time and attention and wean myself off of the devices that drain me, I have been trying to become more comfortable alone in my own head. Some people call dish-washing meditative; I don’t think I’ll ever get there. I am a subsistence dish-washer, not a fanatic. The act does not bring me delight, but I know that abstaining from it will only bring me stress. So I do it, and quietly. Sometimes I’ll even ask myself those words from Miller’s epigraph: what am I doing? The question feels like pause, not doubt.
This is a well written summation, honest and encouraging.
Sometimes when I don’t feel like doing the dishes, I’ll set a timer for 8 minutes, and tell myself that when it goes off, I can stop. But I never do. I’m either done or I keep going, it always works.
This actually seems like it could be very effective.
Cleaning, that is: before refrigeration was commonplace, cleaning after cooking meant keeping your family safe.
The nobility of protecting one's family.
The end point of cooking is not eating; it is cleaning.We dream, we plan, we crave, we shop, we chop, we fry, we simmer, we garnish, we serve. And then we eat, sometimes alone and sometimes not, and when the eating is done, a mess remains, record of our pleasure.
This reminds me of C.S. Lewis' Hross take on the full experience.
Urtica dioica L.
Brenninetla (Urtica dioica)
Brenninetla fyrir brjósk:
🧱 styður uppbyggingu (steinefni) 🔥 minnkar bólgu 🩸 nærandi tonic
➡️ meira “build & nourish” en “pain relief”
Rustic brynja
Piparrót (Armoracia rusticana)
Harpagophytum
Djöflakló
Túnsætur (Filipendula ulmaria) (L.) Maxim. Rosaceae — Blómstrandi jurt (ofanjarðar); blóm
Mjaðjurt
Liðliðir
Eiginlegir liðir Liðliðir = synovial liðir (latína: articulationes synoviales)
Þetta eru „alvöru liðirnir“ í líkamanum þeir sem:
hreyfast mest eru með liðvökva hafa liðpoka
➡️ t.d.:
hné öxl mjöðm olnbogi
n hot climates, Bute slept naked, and he was much amused by Mr Bistani who 'took offnothing except his outer clothes, not even his stockings.176 Perhaps what struck Bute most inthe palace, however, were the courtyards and rooms open to the air either above or througharches. The amazing mixture of room and open air fascinated him. The 'most perfectapartment' was the on
Likely innfluenced the islamic room in blah?
e was,however, still dwelling on his wrongs, and especially upon his financial wrongs. Bute wasgenerous with his charities, and surrounded by sons of some of the richer British families. Theold wrong which he felt had been done him by Stuart was still very real t
is this why he rebuilt castell coch - the outside was for the people, and he went onto build schools and other thigs in the gothic style that were for ordinary people
This is not surprising, as English establishment attitudes, severely alienated from Scotland ahundred years before during the Jacobite rebellions, and only slowly thawing under the wavesof the picturesque mediaevalism let loose by Sir Walter Scott and fashionable 'Balmorality'promoted by Victoria, still had little sympathy for the independent rights of the Scottishpeople, or understanding of the profoundly different culture which they cherished
mirror in the welsh?
Sophia had edited her father's journals and her sister's poems. Now she assisted her son tostart a small newspaper. The Mount Stuart Weekly Journal was begun at the end of 1858 to4convey to our absent friends some knowledge of how we are occupied' in which it succeedsnow as then. Bute was the editor, and he copied the whole out in his own hand, and as a goodeditor should, he solicited contributions from all the talented associates he could find.Occasionally, however, he was force
really really interesting, he found his own later on!
From the moonlight drive to the ferry at Folkestone, it was an enchanted time forthe young Bute, so much so that themes from it were to haunt his adulthood.
interesting, did this impact his love for gothic architecture?
Lady Bute fought back with vigour. Determined to have her own home, and with the southWales trustees on her side, Lord James was forced to leave Cardiff Castle in the summer of1849.61
interesting, did he wish to restore it to avenge his mum?
Lord Bute naturally wanted to take his son to Cardiff, the town he had created. Lady Sophiathought he intended to spend the whole spring there
Cardiff was significant for the bute family, it was a land in which they had built --> like the marcher lords? idk
ohn DavieS4 gives afascinating account of how Lord Bute created a thriving industrial complex out of this formeragricultural land. The city of Cardiff was largely of his making, springing up around the dockshe built; and he blazed the way in the creation of new collierie
background for bute and industry by his dad!
Bute appearsmore as a modemiser
interesting!!
There was also the question of Bute's Catholicism. There were many aristocratic Catholicconverts in the nineteenth century and they married into the old Catholic families, as Butehimself did. Yet Bute was extraordinary amongst them. His faith spilled over into hispatronage of the arts, and into his scholarship: indeed his faith, his scholarship and his art fedone other
slayyyyyyy
By the late 1960s, an estimated 10,249 families had been displaced by urban renewal projects in Boston, 32% of which were families of color.
This is one of the cities were people of color weren't in majority. It is also important that the context of Boston building highways and expressways and that Boston is a very old city in the U.S gives a little more insight.
"culture of clearance"
This is a interesting quote when put with the context of how during this era over 330,000 families , not people families where displaced. Add that they didn't even include certain years and demographics it paints a smudge on this "golden era" of the U.S.
By the late 1960s, an estimated 4,077 families had been displaced by urban renewal projects in Atlanta, 89% of which were families of color.
This is a much higher number between the one in Chicago 89% compared to 64%. Granted Chicago is larger but, the density of the color disparity is alarming.
renewable energy technologies
Här testar jag att göra en anteckning.
Klóelfting (*Equisetum arvense*) L. Equisetaceae — Sótthreinsuð loftblöð (sótthreinsaðir sprotar, uppskornir á sumrin)
á ensku: horsetail
Klóelfting: ✔️ styður uppbyggingu brjósks og bandvefs ✔️ veitir byggingarefni (kísil) ólíkt: túrmerik / engifer / djöflakló 👉 sem eru meira bólgueyðandi
Klóelfting er mjög góð með: túrmerik eða engifer þá færðu: 🔥 bólgueyðing 🧱 uppbyggingu
Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. Rubiaceae — Rótarbörkur og innri börkur
Uncaria tomentosa 👉 á íslensku: kattarkló (ekki rugla við aðrar „kló“-jurtir!) 👉 á ensku: Cat’s claw
🔥 minnkar bólgu 🛡️ verndar gegn niðurbroti 🧬 styður ónæmisjafnvægi ❌ byggir ekki upp brjósk beint
Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae — Rísóm
Curcuma longa L. Latneska heitið á túrmerik „L.“ = Carl Linnaeus (Linnaeus), sem gaf plöntunni nafn
Túrmerik: ✔️ verndar brjósk ✔️ hægir á sliti ✔️ minnkar bólgu og verki
❌ en: 👉 byggir ekki upp nýtt brjósk beint
Zingiber officinale Roscoe Zingiberaceae — Rísóm (ferskt og þurrkað)
Zingiber officinale „Roscoe“ = grasafræðingurinn sem lýsti plöntunni á íslensku: engifer
Engifer fyrir brjósk: verndar frekar en byggir upp minnkar bólgu og hægir á sliti *hjálpar við verki og hreyfanleika
🟢 Ferskt engifer meira kælandi / rakagefandi gott við: kvefi ógleði væg ummeltingartruflunum
🔴 Þurrkað engifer meira hitandi sterkara gott við: kulda í líkama slím (phlegm) hæga meltingu
Harpagophytum liggjandi DC. ex Meissner Pedaliaceae — Aukar geymslurætur (hnúðóttar)
Djöflakló (Harpagophytum procumbens)
Hvað er harpagosíð? Tilheyrir flokki sem kallast iridoid glycosides Er aðalvirka efnið í djöflakló Á stóran þátt í verkjastillandi og bólgueyðandi áhrifum jurtarinnar
Hvaða áhrif hefur það? Bólgueyðandi dregur úr bólgu í liðum og vöðvum oft notað við: liðverkjum slitgigt bakverkjum Verkjastillandi virkar svipað og mild náttúruleg „NSAID“ getur minnkað stífleika og verk
Boswellia serrata Roxb. fyrrverandi Colebr. Burseraceae — Gúmmíresín (oleo-gúmmíresín úr skurðum í berki)
Boswellia serrata á íslensku oft kölluð reykelsistré eða indverskt reykelsi gefur frá sér oleo-gúmmíresín = frankincense mjög öflug bólgueyðandi jurt
Bad buzz : quand les réseaux sociaux échappent au contrôle des organisations.
Pas obligatoire mais peut être ajouter une image pour illustrer
eLife Assessment
In this manuscript, based on electron microscopy observations of C. elegans embryos, the authors make the bold claim that the plasma membrane ruptures during cell division and that closure of this opening by membrane extension contributes to cytokinesis. Although the findings are potentially valuable, the evidence in support of the authors' claims is inadequate.
Human Centered Learning
Human-centered learning aligns well to the social learning concept. Social annotation delivers this.
sedation
moderate sedation
That Girl
je pense qu'il faut le mettre en italique
Clean Girl
je pense qu'il faut le mettre en italique
TikTok et Instagram
Je pense qu'il faut mettre ces termes en italique.
#messygirl ou encore le #notacleangirl
Je pense que tu pourrais un peu plus détailler sur ça; depuis quand... est ce qu'il y a un élément déclencheur... réponse ou non
n’importe quel utilisateur
Je ne pense pas que n'importe quel utilisateur peut reproduire cela, c'est trop généralisé. Je pense qu'il faut un minimum de moyens, etc.
faciles
Est ce vraiment facile à imiter ? Je pense que cela peut être nuancé car il faut un certain capital économique pour l'achat de produits, de vêtements toujours à la mode ...
Comprendre leur fonctionnement permet donc de prendre du recul… et peut-être de mieux choisir la manière dont on souhaite se représenter en ligne.
Très bonne conclusion qui résume bien les idées principales ! Juste il faudrait une petite ouverture je pense :)
Conclusion
il me semble que le mot "conclusion" ne doit pas apparaitre
B - Une identité de plus en plus “calculée”
je trouve cette partie très pertinente: on comprend bien que la mise en scène de soi devient une compétence numérique indispensable pour exister sur ces plateformes.
d’architexte
Je pense qu'il serait bien de sourcer d'ou vient ce concept, avec les auteurs ainsi que l'article ("L'énonciation éditoriale" il me semble).
Bibliographie:
Change #### Bibliographie: en ## Bibliographie (en fin de texte, comme dis dans les consignes.
CUH 和 CUF 的孔体积和比表面积通过 N₂吸附-脱附等温线获得。如图 2c 所示，CUH 和 CUF 的 N₂吸附-脱附等温线呈现典型的 I 型吸附-脱附等温线，在 0–0.2P/P0 范围内呈现急剧上升趋势，根据 IUPAC 分类[24]表明存在微孔结构，而 CUF 显示出更高的 N₂吸附容量。CUH 和 CUF 的比表面积和孔径数据展示于表 S3 和图 2c 中。与 CUH 相比，比表面积从 933.20 m²/g 增加至 1002.78 m²/g，平均孔径从 1.06 nm 增大至 1.09 nm，表明具有不对称结构的有机连接体能够扩大与反应物的接触面积并暴露更多活性位点。这些改进的特性有助于增强催化剂的吸附性能，促进 PMS 活化产生活性氧物种。
氮气吸附-脱附测比表面积与孔径 孔径数据
催化剂的可重复使用性能是评估其实用性的重要指标。通过循环降解实验考察了 CUF 催化剂的稳定性和可循环性。如图 8f 所示，在前四个循环中，CUF/PMS 体系的降解效率略有下降；而在第五和第六循环中，由于降解中间产物占据部分活性位点及循环过程中不可避免的质量损失，该体系对磺胺甲噁唑的去除率仍分别达到 84.8%和 82.3%。通过对比新鲜催化剂与使用后催化剂的 XRD 图谱和 XPS 谱图，进一步分析了催化剂相结构和化学状态的变化以验证其稳定性。图 S9a 和 S9b 显示，新旧催化剂的主要特征峰未发生明显变化，表明 CUF 催化剂具有良好的稳定性和可重复使用性。此外，通过 ICP-OES 检测了降解过程中 Ce 的金属溶出情况。CUF/PMS 体系溶液中 Ce 的溶出浓度（0.18 mg/L）低于 CUH/PMS 体系（0.49 mg/L),由于 2-氟对苯二甲酸对铈具有较强的配位能力，可有效抑制铈的浸出。
重复利用性
利用毒性评估软件工具（T.E.S.T）评估了磺胺甲噁唑及其降解过程中间体的潜在生态风险。通过四项指标（黑头呆鱼急性毒性 LC 50 （96 小时）、生物富集因子、发育毒性和致突变性）来评估结构与毒性之间的关系。如图 14a 所示，在磺胺甲噁唑的降解过程中，仅 P13 和 P6 对黑头呆鱼表现出高毒性，随后被矿化为其他低毒性中间体。生物富集因子与中间体的累积潜力相关。图 14b 显示生物富集因子呈下降趋势，表明 CUF/PMS 体系缓解了累积潜力。根据 T.E.S.T 计算模型（图 14c），在磺胺甲噁唑降解过程中产生了部分具有发育毒性的中间体，但随后进一步转化为无发育毒性的物质。此外，如图 14d 所示，在磺胺甲噁唑分解过程中，大多数生成的中间体被评估为致突变性阴性。 采用 Microtox®检测法评估降解产物的潜在环境影响。如表 S12 所示，CUH/PMS 和 CUF/PMS 体系的抑制效应低于磺胺甲噁唑。此外，CUF/PMS 体系展现出更高的降解效率，促进磺胺甲噁唑转化为毒性更低的中间产物。综上所述，CUF/PMS 体系能高效降解磺胺甲噁唑，且降解过程中产生的中间产物生态毒性较低，证实 CUF 催化剂可用于处理含磺胺甲噁唑的废水
毒性评估
在路径 I 中，磺胺甲噁唑的异噁唑环受到 CUF/PMS 体系中活性氧物种的攻击，生成 P1、P2 和 P3。这些分解产物 P1、P2 和 P3 分别氧化为 P4 和 P5，这被视为磺胺甲噁唑的经典氧化路径[64]。根据路径 II，P6 的形成源于异噁唑环上甲基和苯环上–NH 2 的氧化，随后因 S-N 键断裂转化为 P7 和 P8[65]。在路径 III 中，磺胺甲噁唑的 S-N 键可直接被活性氧物种断裂，矿化为 P5 和 P9。接着，TP 9 的异噁唑环因羟基化被活性氧物种攻击形成 P10，随后由于·HO 与烯烃双键之间的高反应活性进一步生成 P11[66]。 此外，生成的 P9 分别通过偶联反应和异恶唑环的亲电取代进一步转化为 P12。P13 的形成可能涉及源自 P10 的–NH 2 基团的氮中心自由基与中间产物的偶联。随后，异恶唑环发生开环反应，生成 P14，后者被活性氧物种氧化为 P15。最终，这些中间产物将进一步矿化为小分子（P16、P17 和 P18）。
Ce-UiO-66-F催化PMS降解SAs的中间产物 The intermediates of CUF/PMS system were identified by the HPLC-MS (in Figure S17), which was used to investigate the possible degradation pathway of sulfamethoxazole. As shown in Figure 13d, the degradation pathway of sulfamethoxazole could be summarized as hydroxylation, deamination, sulfonamide (S-N) cleavage and desulfonation. In pathway I, the isoxazole ring of sulfamethoxazole was attacked by ROSs in CUF/PMS to generate P1, P2 and P3. The breakdown products P1, P2 and P3 oxidized into P4 and P5, respectively, which was viewed as a classic oxidation pathway of sulfamethoxazole [64]. According to pathway II, the formation of P6 resulted from the oxidation of methyl group on the isoxazole ring and –NH2 on the benzene ring and then converted into P7 and P8 due to the broken S-N bond [65]. For pathway III, the S-N bond of sulfamethoxazole could be directly broken by ROSs to be mineralized into P5 and P9. Then, the isoxazole ring of TP 9 was attacked by ROSs to form P10 due to hydroxylation, and then further generated P11, caused by high reactivity between ·HO and olefinic double bonds [66]. In addition, the generated P9 was further converted into P12 via coupling reaction and electrophilic replacement of the isoxazole ring, respectively [67]. The formation of P13 might be involved in the coupling of N-centered radical derived from by –NH2 group of P10 and intermediate products [68]. Then, the isoxazole ring opening reaction occurred resulting in the generation of P14, which was oxidized by ROSs into P15. Finally, these intermediates would be further mineralized into small molecules (P16, P17 and P18). W. Peng, J. Liao, Y. Yan, L. Chen, C. Ge, S. Lin Enriched nitrogen-doped carbon derived from expired drug with dual active sites as effective peroxymonosulfate activator: Ultra-fast sulfamethoxazole degradation and mechanism insight Chem. Eng. J., 446 (2022), Article 137407, 10.1016/j.cej.2022.137407 View PDF View articleView in ScopusGoogle Scholar [65] Y. Chen, D. Chen, X. Bai Binary MOFs-derived Mn-Co3O4 for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation to remove sulfamethoxazole: Oxygen vacancy-assisted high-valent cobalt-oxo species generation Chem. Eng. J., 479 (2024), Article 147886, 10.1016/j.cej.2023.147886 View PDF View articleView in ScopusGoogle Scholar [66] Y. Bao, W.J. Lee, T.-T. Lim, R. Wang, X. Hu Pore-functionalized ceramic membrane with isotropically impregnated cobalt oxide for sulfamethoxazole degradation and membrane fouling elimination: Synergistic effect between catalytic oxidation and membrane separation Appl. Catal. B-Environ., 254 (2019), pp. 37-46, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.04.081 View PDF View articleView in ScopusGoogle Scholar [67] M. Xu, H. Zhou, Z. Wu, N. Li, Z. Xiong, G. Yao, B. Lai Efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole by NiCo2O4 modified expanded graphite activated peroxymonosulfate: Characterization, mechanism and degradation intermediates J. Hazard. Mater., 399 (2020), Article 123103, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123103 View PDF View articleView in ScopusGoogle Scholar [68] R. Guo, Y. Wang, J. Li, X. Cheng, D.D. Dionysiou Sulfamethoxazole degradation by visible light assisted peroxymonosulfate process based on nanohybrid manganese dioxide incorporating ferric oxide Appl. Catal. B-Environ., 278 (2020), Article 119297, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119297 View PDF View articleView in ScopusGoogle Scholar
通过高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术（图 S17 所示）对 CUF/PMS 体系中的中间产物进行了鉴定，以探究磺胺甲噁唑可能的降解路径。如图 13d 所示，磺胺甲噁唑的降解路径可归纳为羟基化、脱氨基、磺酰胺（S-N）键断裂和脱磺酸基过程。
PMS氧化SAs降解过程
contenus jugés problématiques et stéréotypés
préciser quels sont les contenus, de quel type racistes ? mysogines ?. a t'il était traité comme un influenceur et a du faire une vidéo d'excuse ?
sont moins naturels
moins naturels donc parfait ? les internautes ne vont-ils pas se lasser ou trop se comparer à une vision parfaite qu'ils ne peuvent pas atteindre ?
produire du contenu en continu
pour ces influenceurs virtuels y'a t'il un coup de production ?
personnes que l’on ne connaît pas directement
peut résumer à "inconnu"
Modélisée
précisé que Lil Miquela n'est pas générer par IA, cela peut porter à confusion
Klasický anglický cider
Dát do boldu
Klasický anglický cider
Všechny podnázvy mít v boldu
Sladkost
Všechny ty sladkosti mít v jedné rovině
This is important first step in autmating manual exploratory experimental workflows and make them instantly resumable
https://bafybeie6mvbv4iu6ohvg72edpp7n2cgwp455whdktehy2fkanyqsnk26ui.ipfs.dweb.link/?💻/asus/🧊/me/📓/2026/04
Here we have an IndyWeb Applet that provides a permanent link to launching IPFS Desktop WbUI in an iframe in a page so that the local IPFS resource can be seen and annotated
he sun had barely begun to set at 9 p.m. on an August Saturday in Alby, a suburban neighborhood about forty-five minutes from central Stockholm.1
i like how basically every chapter starts like this (in terms of imagery, painting a beautiful picture)
RED outperforms eight competitive baselines, achieving performance gains of up to 19.0% while reducing token consumption by 37.7% ~ 70.4%
大多数研究者认为要提升推理模型性能，需要增加计算资源和推理步骤。作者提出的RED框架却表明，通过抑制错误森林的生长和修剪后续推理，可以在大幅减少计算资源消耗的同时获得更好的性能，这一结论挑战了资源投入与性能正相关的基本假设。
alternative solutions are not merely suboptimal but potentially detrimental
大多数人认为在复杂推理任务中，即使第一个解决方案不完美，探索替代方案至少不会有害。作者却认为这些替代方案实际上是有害的，会引入新的错误并污染整个推理过程，这一观点与多方案探索的最佳实践相悖。
We characterize errors as a forest-structured Forest of Errors (FoE) and conclude that FoE makes the First the Best
主流观点认为推理错误是随机的、孤立的，可以通过更多探索来避免。但作者提出错误实际上具有森林结构特性，会相互影响和放大，这种系统性错误的观点挑战了人们对模型错误本质的传统理解。
This observation challenges widely accepted test-time scaling laws, leading us to hypothesize that errors within the reasoning path scale concurrently with test time.
大多数AI研究者认为推理时间越长，模型探索越充分，结果应该越好。作者却挑战这一共识，认为推理过程中的错误会随着时间同步增长，导致长时间推理反而会降低质量，这是一个颠覆性的观点。
The First is The Best, where alternative solutions are not merely suboptimal but potentially detrimental.
大多数人认为在大型推理模型中探索多种解决方案可以提高最终结果的质量，因为这种方法类似于人类的多角度思考。但作者认为第一个解决方案实际上是最好的，后续的替代方案不仅更差，甚至可能是有害的，这与主流的推理模型设计理念相悖。
For small entrepreneurs in the US, deciding what to sell and where to make it has traditionally been a slow, labor-intensive process that can take months. Now that work is increasingly being done by AI tools like Accio, which help connect businesses with manufacturers in countries including China and India.
大多数人认为全球化会削弱小型企业的竞争力，但作者认为AI正在赋予小企业前所未有的全球供应链接入能力。AI工具如Accio正在消除地理障碍，使小型企业家能够以前所未有的速度和效率连接国际制造商，这挑战了关于规模经济的传统认知。
Zhang, of Alibaba.com, says Accio currently does not include advertising. Suppliers can pay for higher placement in Alibaba.com's regular search results, but Zhang says Accio is 'not integrated' with that system.
大多数人认为AI工具会不可避免地融入现有的广告和付费推广模式，但作者认为Alibaba有意将AI搜索与付费广告分离。这表明公司可能正在尝试创建一个更公平、更少受商业利益影响的AI推荐系统，这是一个与行业普遍做法相悖的立场。
Sellers say that while AI tools have made it easier to come up with ideas and get a business off the ground, they do not replace the core skills that make someone good at e-commerce.
在AI热潮中，大多数人认为AI将使电子商务创业变得更容易，使技能变得不那么重要。但作者认为AI实际上放大了已有技能的价值，优秀的企业家仍然需要决策能力、执行速度和订单交付能力，这些是AI无法替代的核心竞争力。
Sally Li, a representative at a makeup packaging company in Wuhan, China, says her firm has started writing more detailed product descriptions and adding information about its equipment and manufacturing experience on Alibaba.com because it suspects those details make its listings more likely to be surfaced by AI.
大多数人认为AI会减少人类在商业中的参与，但作者认为AI实际上迫使制造商提供更详细、更透明的信息。制造商正在调整他们的在线策略，通过提供更多详细信息来迎合AI算法，这表明AI正在改变信息流动方式而非简单替代人类判断。
McClary took the process from there, contacting the supplier himself to discuss the revised design. Within a month, the new version of the Guardian flashlight was back up for sale on Amazon and on his brand's website.
大多数人认为AI会完全取代人类在产品开发中的角色，但作者认为AI实际上增强了人类决策者的能力。Mike McClary使用AI工具缩短了产品开发周期，但仍需要亲自与供应商沟通并做出最终决策，这表明AI是辅助工具而非替代品。
Cross-Model Consistency Verification leverages output agreement among heterogeneous models to assess sample difficulty and generate reliable annotations.
大多数人认为高质量标注需要人工专家或单一强大模型来完成，但作者提出利用多个异构模型输出的一致性来评估样本难度和生成可靠标注，这一方法挑战了'人工标注最优'的传统认知，展示了模型间协作的潜力。
A three-stage progressive training strategy -- large-scale pre-training, hard sample fine-tuning, and GRPO alignment -- sequentially exploits these data at different quality tiers.
大多数人认为训练策略应该统一应用于所有数据，但作者提出了分阶段渐进式训练策略，在不同质量层级的数据上采用不同方法，这种针对数据质量差异的训练方法挑战了传统'一刀切'的训练范式，代表了数据为中心的AI新思路。
SOTA models of different architectures and parameter scales exhibit highly consistent failure patterns on the same set of hard samples, suggesting that the performance bottleneck stems from shared deficiencies in training data rather than architecture itself.
大多数人认为不同架构的模型会有不同的失败模式和弱点，但作者发现无论架构和参数规模如何，SOTA模型在相同困难样本上表现出高度一致的失败模式，这表明性能瓶颈源于训练数据的共同缺陷，而非架构差异，这一发现挑战了模型多样化的传统观点。
Without any architectural modification, MinerU2.5-Pro achieves 95.69 on OmniDocBench v1.6, improving over the same-architecture baseline by 2.71 points and surpassing all existing methods including models with over 200× more parameters.
大多数人认为更大的模型架构必然带来性能提升，但作者仅通过数据工程和训练策略优化，在保持1.2B参数架构不变的情况下，超越了参数量超过200倍的现有模型，这挑战了'越大越好'的行业共识，证明了数据质量的重要性。
Current document parsing methods compete primarily on model architecture innovation, while systematic engineering of training data remains underexplored.
大多数人认为文档解析性能的提升主要依赖于模型架构的创新和规模的扩大，但作者认为训练数据的系统性工程优化才是关键瓶颈，因为不同架构的SOTA模型在相同困难样本上表现出高度一致的失败模式，这表明问题在于数据质量而非架构本身。
the design of the retrieval and cache policy, especially how they decide what to keep, reuse, or drop across scenes, seems to be what actually drives the latency and throughput gains
大多数研究者可能关注模型架构或算法创新来提升性能，但评论者指出检索和缓存策略的设计才是延迟和吞吐量提升的关键。这一观点挑战了AI研究中过度关注模型本身的倾向，暗示系统优化和资源管理策略可能比模型架构创新对性能影响更大，这是一个反直觉的系统设计见解。
they fuse streaming data construction with a unified model so the memory supports both real-time q&a and long-horizon interaction, which is nontrivial under strict latency constraints
大多数系统设计者可能认为实时问答和长时程交互需要不同的处理架构，但作者通过融合流式数据构建和统一模型，使内存同时支持这两种功能。这一设计挑战了实时系统处理复杂性的常规认知，表明在严格的延迟约束下实现多功能整合是可行的，这为实时AI助手的设计提供了新思路。
We release the AURA model together with a real-time inference framework to facilitate future research
大多数人认为先进的视频理解模型通常会被商业公司保留作为专有技术，但作者选择开源模型和实时推理框架。这一反直觉的决策挑战了AI研究中常见的封闭做法，表明作者更注重推动领域发展而非商业利益，这可能加速整个视频理解领域的技术进步。
It achieves state-of-the-art performance on streaming benchmarks and supports a real-time demo system with ASR and TTS running at 2 FPS on two 80G accelerators
大多数人认为实时视频处理需要极高的计算资源和帧率才能有效，但作者仅用两块80G加速器就实现了2 FPS的实时系统，并达到了最先进的性能。这一结果挑战了高性能视频处理需要大量计算资源的共识，暗示通过优化算法和架构可以显著降低实时视频处理的计算门槛。
current approaches often rely on decoupled trigger-response pipelines or are limited to captioning-style narration, reducing their effectiveness for open-ended question answering and long-horizon interaction
大多数人认为现有的视频大模型可以通过简单的触发-响应管道或描述式叙述来处理实时视频流，但作者认为这种方法对于开放式问答和长时程交互效果有限。这是一个反直觉的观点，因为它挑战了当前视频处理领域的常规做法，暗示需要更集成的端到端方法来真正实现实时视频理解。
leading baselines achieve only about half the accuracy at the same efficiency
作者暗示当前主流的KV缓存压缩方法在相同效率水平下只能达到约一半的准确率，这表明现有方法存在根本性缺陷。这一尖锐的批评挑战了当前领域内的技术路线，暗示大多数同行可能一直在错误的方向上优化KV压缩。
TriAttention enables OpenClaw deployment on a single consumer GPU, where long context would otherwise cause out-of-memory with Full Attention
主流观点认为需要高端GPU才能支持长上下文推理的大语言模型，但作者证明TriAttention仅使用消费级单GPU就能部署原本需要高端GPU才能运行的长上下文模型。这一发现挑战了当前对硬件需求的共识，可能使更广泛的开发者能够访问长上下文推理能力。
TriAttention matches Full Attention reasoning accuracy while achieving 2.5x higher throughput or 10.7x KV memory reduction
大多数人认为在KV缓存压缩中，准确率和效率之间存在不可避免的权衡，但作者提出的TriAttention方法能够在保持全注意力推理准确度的同时，实现2.5倍的吞吐量提升或10.7倍的内存减少。这一结果挑战了当前领域内的效率-准确度权衡范式，表明可以通过创新方法打破这一传统限制。
queries rotate with position during RoPE, making representative queries very few, leading to poor top-key selection and unstable reasoning.
大多数人认为注意力机制中的查询(Query)向量在旋转位置编码(RoPE)后仍然具有足够的代表性来准确估计键(Key)的重要性，但作者认为这种旋转实际上导致代表性查询向量非常少，从而严重影响键值选择和推理稳定性。这一发现挑战了当前主流的KV缓存压缩方法的基础假设。
amplifies the false narrative that technology and creativity are at odds, and that existing rights holders must be compensated by AI companies for changing industry dynamics.
大多数人认为技术创新与创意保护之间存在根本冲突，但作者认为这种观点是错误的叙事。这一挑战性论点打破了技术进步必然损害创作者权益的二元对立思维，暗示两者可以共存共赢。
The government has so far favoured a pro-innovation, sector-led approach, prioritising voluntary principles over hard regulation.
大多数人认为政府会迅速采取立法行动保护创作者权益，但作者指出英国政府实际上倾向于自愿原则而非硬性监管。这一观点挑战了公众对政府会在AI版权问题上采取强硬措施的预期，揭示了政策制定的实际倾向。
introducing a commercial text and data mining exception for AI training would expand the AI sector in the country.
大多数人认为放宽数据挖掘限制会促进AI创新和增长，但作者认为这种例外实际上不会扩大AI产业。这一观点与科技行业普遍倡导的'更多数据等于更好AI'的信念相悖，挑战了数据自由流动的主流叙事。
memory organized for future control improves delayed retrieval under cue conflict and load
大多数人认为记忆系统的组织应以数据检索效率为核心，但作者认为为未来控制而组织的记忆系统能更好地处理线索冲突和负载，这一观点挑战了传统数据库和记忆系统的设计原则，强调了前瞻性记忆组织的重要性。
fast local feedback plus predictive compensation improves robustness under hidden dynamics shifts
大多数人认为在动态变化环境中，全局优化和长期规划是提高系统鲁棒性的最佳方法，但作者认为快速局部反馈加上预测补偿更有效，这一观点挑战了主流的优化策略，强调了局部决策的价值。
A downstream conjecture is that role-differentiated proposer/executor/checker/adversary systems may reduce correlated error under asymmetric information and verification burden.
大多数人认为AI系统应追求统一和一致的内部分工，但作者提出采用角色分化的提案者/执行者/检查者/对抗者系统来减少相关错误，这与当前AI系统设计中的整合趋势相悖，具有反直觉性。
We introduce a minimal hierarchical partially observed control model with latent dynamics, structured episodic memory, observer-belief state, option-level actions, and delayed verifier signals.
大多数人认为AI系统应专注于实时控制和即时反馈，但作者提出了一种包含延迟验证信号的分层控制模型，挑战了实时控制优于延迟验证的常规认知，强调了延迟验证在复杂环境中的重要性。
This article argues that squirrel ecology offers a sharp comparative case because arboreal locomotion, scatter-hoarding, and audience-sensitive caching couple all three demands in one organism.
大多数人认为AI研究应专注于人类认知模型或计算机科学原理，但作者认为松鼠生态学提供了AI设计的最佳参考模型，这种将动物行为学与AI架构直接联系的观点在AI研究领域非常规且具有挑战性。
Agentic AI is increasingly judged not by fluent output alone but by whether it can act, remember, and verify under partial observability, delay, and strategic observation.
大多数人认为AI系统的价值主要取决于其流畅的输出能力，但作者认为AI的价值应更注重其在复杂环境中的行动能力、记忆功能和可验证性，这挑战了当前AI评估的主流标准。
when setting up a new Macbook it presents FileVault as an optional checkbox and I can certainly tell you that there are many people (including my younger self and my family member with the Intel Mac) who do not know what it is and choose to disable it instead.
大多数人认为Apple会默认启用关键安全功能如FileVault，以保护用户数据。但作者指出，FileVault实际上是一个可选功能，许多用户（包括他自己和家人）在设置新Mac时会选择禁用它，这挑战了人们对Apple默认安全策略的认知，揭示了系统安全依赖于用户知识而非厂商默认设置的实际情况。
using "Open File..." dialog (`⌘+O`) you could still open and view any file on the system and could preview any file that safari could preview (e.g. `.html`, `.htm`, `.txt`, `.pdf`, and image files)
大多数人认为Apple在更新后会修复安全漏洞，恢复模式的浏览器会被严格限制。但作者发现，即使在更新后的版本中，通过使用"打开文件"对话框，仍然可以访问和预览系统上的任何文件，这表明Apple的修复措施并不彻底，违背了人们对安全补效的预期。
by "saving" the webpage (`file->save as`) instead of downloading it (which Safari automatically adds an extension for) I could force it to save it as `malicious_file` (with no extension).
大多数人认为浏览器的保存功能是安全的，会自动处理文件扩展名以确保文件类型正确。但作者发现，通过使用非标准的Content-Type和保存网页功能，可以绕过Safari的安全检查，保存任意扩展名的文件，这打破了人们对浏览器文件处理安全机制的普遍认知。
macOS decides to boot the `Volumes` partition which includes `Data`, `Macintosh HD`, `macOS Base System`, and `Preboot` systems, and when you choose the `Macintosh HD` it allows you to save the file to the Mac's permanent disk.
大多数人认为macOS恢复模式是只读环境，用于系统修复和恢复，不应该允许对系统分区的写入操作。但作者发现，在恢复模式下，Safari浏览器竟然允许用户将文件直接保存到Mac的永久磁盘上，包括系统分区，这是一个严重的安全漏洞，违背了人们对恢复模式安全性的基本认知。
Rather than treating a complex document as a single monolithic task, Deep Extract deploys sub-agents to break it down and conquer each piece, which is what allows it to remain accurate even on documents with thousands of rows across hundreds of pages.
大多数人可能认为处理复杂文档的最佳方式是将其作为一个整体来处理，保持上下文完整性。但作者提出将复杂文档分解为多个子任务并由子代理分别处理的方法更有效，这一方法挑战了文档处理中'整体优于部分'的传统认知，暗示分解策略可能更适合处理超长文档。
Because Deep Extract is doing more work, it takes longer than a standard extraction call. That said, measured against the real alternative of someone manually reviewing a 500-page fund statement field by field, it's faster, cheaper, and consistent at scale.
大多数人认为更复杂的处理流程必然意味着更高的成本和更慢的速度。但作者提出Deep Extract虽然执行更多工作且比标准提取调用更耗时，但在大规模应用中仍然比人工审查更快、更便宜、更一致，这一观点挑战了人们对于复杂性与效率之间关系的传统理解。
We've seen customers go from 10-20% field accuracy with a frontier model to 99-100% just by switching to using Reducto's Deep Extract.
大多数人认为从前沿模型到接近完美的准确率需要根本性的技术突破或大量数据训练。但作者声称仅通过切换到Deep Extract方法就能将准确率从10-20%提升到99-100%，这种巨大性能提升的幅度与行业通常预期的改进曲线相悖，暗示现有方法可能存在根本性缺陷。
Given a thousand line items to extract, they'll often stop short, consolidate, or skip entries rather than working through every last row.
大多数人可能认为AI模型在处理重复任务时会保持一致性和全面性。但作者指出模型在处理大量重复任务时会采取'捷径'，如提前停止、合并或跳过条目，这揭示了AI模型在处理长文档时的一种非理性行为，挑战了AI作为完全理性执行者的假设。
The issue isn't that models are bad at reading documents. It's that single-pass extraction has no mechanism to catch its own mistakes, and models get lazy.
大多数人认为AI模型在文档提取中的低准确率主要是因为模型能力不足或理解能力有限。但作者提出了一个反直觉的观点：问题不在于模型本身，而在于单次提取缺乏自我纠错的机制，导致模型'变懒'。这挑战了对AI能力局限性的传统认知。
For the documents that matter most, it gets to 99–100% field accuracy, even out-performing expert human labelers on extraction tasks.
大多数人认为人工智能系统在文档提取任务上总会落后于人类专家，尤其是对于复杂文档。但作者声称Deep Extract可以达到甚至超过人类专家的准确率(99-100%)，这是一个相当大胆的断言，挑战了AI在文档处理领域无法超越人类能力的共识。
The demand for these medications has been the most ferocious thing I have witnessed in my working life, and the hardest parts of running a telehealth company, like finding doctors and fulfilling prescriptions, can be entirely outsourced to platforms like CareValidate and OpenLoop.
大多数人认为医疗行业监管严格且难以突破，但作者指出GLP-1药物的需求如此之大以至于一个人可以在短短两个月内创建价值数十亿美元的公司，并将医疗服务的核心功能外包。这一观点挑战了传统医疗行业的复杂性认知，展示了AI如何颠覆传统受监管行业。
His affiliates, armed with AI, built fake doctor profiles in Meta ads and made unscrupulous claims about weight loss using fake testimonials.
大多数人认为AI主要提高生产力和创造力，但作者展示了AI如何被用于大规模欺骗和剥削，创建虚假医生档案和虚假宣传。这一反直觉观点揭示了AI技术黑暗面，挑战了人们对AI价值的乐观假设，提醒我们技术中立性背后的伦理问题。
Software, he argues, should be approached the same way. It's a new medium, and it deserves a native design language instead of hand-me-down forms from the physical world.
大多数人认为数字界面应该模仿物理世界的设计元素以提高用户熟悉度，但作者认为软件应该有自己独特的设计语言，不应简单复制物理世界的形式。这一观点挑战了 skeuomorphism（拟物化设计）的传统理念，主张数字媒介应有原生表达方式。
The cost of understanding what happens in a video has dropped by a factor of roughly 40, while the quality of that understanding has improved dramatically.
大多数人认为AI视频分析仍处于早期阶段且成本高昂，但作者指出AI视频分析成本已大幅下降40倍，质量反而提升。这一反直觉观点暗示视频分析可能已经跨越了实用性的门槛，将催生全新的应用类别，挑战了人们对AI视频处理能力的传统认知。
The consistent argument across the Every Slack was that if cache-breaking usage costs more to serve, make those users pay more: Meter the consumption rather than ban the interface.
大多数人认为公司应该通过限制特定工具使用来保护自己的利益，但作者认为Anthropic应该按实际使用量收费而非直接禁止OpenClaw，因为这更符合公平原则和平台发展。这种观点挑战了科技公司常见的封闭生态策略，主张更开放的计量模式。
Historically, AI evaluation has leaned toward the forest approach. Most researchers settle for 1 to 5 raters per item, assuming this is enough to find a single 'correct' truth.
大多数人认为AI评估领域的现状是合理的，因为1-5名评估者足以找到单一'正确'真相，但作者指出这种假设忽视了人类评估中的自然分歧。这一批判挑战了AI评估领域的现状，暗示当前许多研究结论可能基于不充分的数据收集方法，需要重新审视评估方法的可靠性。
The most encouraging finding is that one doesn't need an infinite budget. We found that by optimizing the ratings-per-item ratio correctly... one can achieve highly reproducible results with a modest budget of around 1,000 total annotations.
大多数人认为高质量的AI评估需要大量预算和大量数据，但作者证明通过优化评估者与项目的比例，即使使用适度的总标注量（约1000个）也能实现高度可复现的结果。这一发现挑战了'越多越好'的普遍观念，为资源有限的研究团队提供了实用的评估路径。
Moving from commentary to real impact in how this technology is distributed and understood globally is incredibly important to us.
大多数人认为媒体公司的角色是提供评论和报道，而非直接影响技术发展。但TBPN的声明表明他们希望从单纯的评论者转变为技术发展的实际影响者，这暗示了媒体角色正在发生根本性变化，从旁观者转变为参与者，这一转变在传统媒体伦理中是颇具争议的。
TBPN will continue to run their programming, choose their guests, and make their own editorial decisions.
大多数人认为被大公司收购的媒体平台会失去编辑独立性，成为收购方的宣传工具。但作者明确表示TBPN将保持编辑独立性，这一反直觉的声明表明OpenAI试图打破科技公司收购媒体后通常会施加控制的模式，试图建立一种新型的媒体-科技公司关系。
the standard communications playbook just doesn't apply to us
大多数企业会遵循标准的公关和沟通策略。但作者认为OpenAI完全不需要遵循这些传统规则，这暗示了OpenAI认为自己已经达到了一个独特的地位，可以打破常规的商业沟通模式，这与其作为行业领导者的自我定位相符，但也可能引发对其沟通透明度的质疑。
We're not a typical company. We're driving a really big technological shift.
大多数人认为OpenAI是一家典型的科技企业，专注于开发和销售AI产品。但作者认为OpenAI实际上是一家推动重大技术变革的组织，其使命超越了传统商业模式，这暗示了OpenAI认为自己正在扮演一种社会变革推动者的角色，而非仅仅是技术提供商。
we aim to cover as many methods as possible, the environment is relatively complex. This codebase primarily supports inference for different world model tasks
大多数人可能认为统一框架应该简化复杂性以提高可用性，但作者认为为了覆盖更多方法，复杂环境是必要的，这挑战了'简单即是好'的普遍设计理念，因为作者认为复杂性能提供更全面的功能覆盖。
Despite limitations, 3D generation remains crucial for realistic physical simulation in world models
大多数人可能认为3D生成已经足够成熟，可以满足世界模型的需求，但作者暗示3D生成仍有重大局限性，却仍然不可或缺，这挑战了对3D生成技术成熟度的普遍认知，强调了其重要性与其当前状态之间的矛盾。
the memory module is where this design finally hits a sweet spot, separating persistence from real-time reasoning
大多数人认为记忆和推理应该是紧密结合的，但作者认为将持久性记忆与实时推理分离是设计的关键创新点，这挑战了传统认知中记忆与推理必须紧密结合的观点，因为作者认为这种分离能更好地管理长期记忆。
OpenWorldLib integrates models across different tasks within a unified framework, enabling efficient reuse and collaborative inference
大多数人认为不同类型的AI模型需要针对特定任务进行专门训练和优化，但作者认为通过统一框架可以实现不同世界模型任务的高效重用和协作推理，这挑战了当前AI领域模型碎片化的趋势。
a world model is a model or framework centered on perception, equipped with interaction and long-term memory capabilities, for understanding and predicting the complex world
大多数人认为世界模型主要是关于预测和模拟物理世界的系统，但作者认为世界模型必须同时具备感知、交互和长期记忆三种核心能力，这挑战了传统上认为世界模型主要是预测系统的观点，因为作者强调理解与预测同样重要。
we have kept the memory modules separate for each pipeline — precisely so that memory can be better isolated and iteratively improved during early development.
大多数人可能认为统一架构应该共享内存模块以提高效率，但作者选择为每个管道保持独立的内存模块，这挑战了系统设计的常规优化思路。这种分离方法虽然可能牺牲一些效率，但为早期开发提供了更大的灵活性和迭代空间。
our framework is still being refined, and the design of the memory module primarily draws from the description in Cambrian-S, implementing core memory expansion and management functions.
大多数人可能认为世界模型的记忆模块应该是全新设计的创新组件，但作者承认他们的记忆模块主要借鉴了现有工作(Cambrian-S)，这挑战了学术界对完全创新方法的期待。这种务实的方法表明，世界模型的发展可能更多依赖于现有技术的整合而非革命性创新。
despite limitations, 3D generation remains crucial for realistic physical simulation in world models
大多数人可能认为3D生成只是世界模型的一个可选组件，但作者强调3D生成对实现真实物理模拟至关重要，这挑战了当前AI研究中2D视觉处理的主流趋势。这一观点暗示未来世界模型研究必须重视3D空间理解，而不仅仅是2D图像处理。
OpenWorldLib integrates models across different tasks within a unified framework, enabling efficient reuse and collaborative inference.
大多数人认为不同类型的AI模型需要独立开发和训练，但作者主张通过统一框架实现跨任务的模型集成和协同推理，这挑战了当前AI领域模块化开发的常规做法。这种统一方法可能会带来效率提升，但也面临模型间兼容性和性能平衡的挑战。
we propose a clear definition: a world model is a model or framework centered on perception, equipped with interaction and long-term memory capabilities, for understanding and predicting the complex world.
大多数人认为世界模型主要关注预测和生成能力，但作者提出世界模型必须同时具备感知、交互和长期记忆能力，这是一个更广泛的定义，挑战了当前AI领域对世界模型的狭隘理解。这种定义扩展了传统预测模型的边界，将交互性和记忆能力作为核心要素。
Reconstructing raw inputs forces models to model irrelevant low-level detail. Predicting in a learned embedding space allows the model to focus on semantically meaningful, causally relevant features.
大多数人认为AI模型需要重建完整的输入数据才能理解世界，但作者认为这种方法迫使模型关注无关的低级细节。相反，在嵌入空间中进行预测可以让模型专注于语义上有意义、因果相关的特征，这是一个反直觉的见解。
Whether or not this specific bet pays off, the underlying argument that the next meaningful leap in AI capability requires moving beyond language modeling is increasingly hard to dismiss.
尽管当前AI领域由语言模型主导，但作者认为语言模型范式已经达到其极限，真正的AI进步需要超越这一范式。这与行业主流观点相悖，暗示我们可能正处于AI范式的转折点。
AMI Labs is not building a product for immediate deployment. This is a fundamental research effort, likely measured in years before commercial applications emerge.
在当今AI创业公司追求快速变现的环境中，作者认为AMI Labs正在进行的是基础研究，而非产品开发。这与大多数AI初创公司的商业模式背道而驰，暗示真正的AI突破需要长期投入而非短期商业考量。
LLMs have no grounded understanding of the physical world. They model the statistical distribution of language about reality, not reality itself.
大多数人认为大型语言模型通过学习物理世界的知识来理解现实，但作者认为它们实际上只是在学习关于现实的文本描述的统计分布，而非理解现实本身。这是一个反直觉的观点，因为它挑战了我们对AI理解能力的普遍认知。
You have to have people that have the ability to rethink the workflow at a scale that AI can execute, versus at a scale that humans can execute.
大多数人认为AI应该适应现有工作流程，但作者提出相反观点：人类需要重新设计工作流程以适应AI的能力范围。这一反直觉观点强调，AI的成功实施不仅需要技术，更需要组织思维方式的根本转变，从人类执行规模转向AI执行规模。
95% of organizations are getting zero return on AI deployed, with most failures found due to 'brittle workflows.'
尽管AI投资激增，但绝大多数企业未能获得任何回报，这与主流认知中AI能显著提升效率的观点相悖。这一发现表明，AI实施失败的主要原因不是技术本身，而是工作流程设计不当，暗示企业需要重新思考如何将AI整合到现有工作流程中，而非简单叠加技术。
in 2024, 47% of AI solutions were built internally and 53% were purchased; today, 76% of all AI is purchased rather than developed in-house.
大多数人认为企业会越来越倾向于自主开发AI模型以保持竞争优势和控制权，但数据显示相反趋势——企业正加速转向购买第三方AI解决方案。这种转变表明企业可能更看重快速部署而非技术专长，但也可能导致组织失去对AI核心能力的理解和优化能力。
You don't need a separate agent API. You need to look at every `input()` call, every CWD assumption, every pretty-printed-only output, and ask: what if the user on the other end is a process, not a person?
大多数人认为需要为AI代理创建专门的API或接口，但作者提出反直觉的观点：不需要单独的代理API，而应该重新设计现有的CLI工具，使其同时支持人类和代理。这种统一的方法更加高效，避免了维护两套接口的复杂性。
Implicit state is the Enemy
大多数开发者认为当前工作目录（CWD）和环境变量等隐式状态是理所当然的，是提高开发效率的捷径。但作者认为这些隐式状态是敌人，因为它们会给AI代理带来困难。通过使所有状态显式化，不仅解决了代理的问题，也使工具对人类更可预测和可脚本化。
The funny part is that none of this made the CLI worse for humans. The TUI picker still works and looks fancy, progress spinners still spin, confirmation dialogs still confirm. We just added a second door.
大多数人认为增加对AI代理的支持会使工具变得复杂，降低人类用户体验。但作者认为，为AI代理添加的功能实际上没有损害人类用户体验，反而通过增加'第二扇门'（非交互式接口）同时改善了两种用户群体的体验。
Every prompt is a flag in disguise
大多数开发者认为交互式提示是CLI工具的良好用户体验设计，但作者提出反直觉的观点：每个交互式提示都应该有对应的标志（flag）替代方案。这是因为AI代理无法处理交互式输入，而将所有提示转换为标志不仅支持代理，还使工具更加可编程和可测试。
Designing for agents forced us to build better tools for everyone.
大多数人认为为AI代理设计工具会使其对人类用户更加复杂或难以使用，但作者认为为AI代理设计工具实际上改善了所有用户的体验。因为代理的约束（如需要明确的参数、避免隐式状态）恰好使工具更加模块化、可脚本化和可测试，这对人类开发者同样有益。
Simultaneously, the parallelism in worker layer accelerates the speed of overall task execution, mitigating the significant latency
虽然并行处理在计算领域常见，但将其应用于LLM代理系统中的信息搜索任务可能出人意料，因为大多数LLM应用仍采用顺序处理模式，作者的观点挑战了这一现状。
our framework enforces strict context isolation to prevent saturation and error propagation
在大型语言模型领域，上下文窗口不断扩大被视为进步，但作者提出严格上下文隔离可以防止饱和和错误传播，挑战了'更大上下文窗口总是更好'的主流观点。