She argues that if city planners persist in ignoring sidewalk life, residents will resort to three coping mechanisms as the streets turn deserted and unsafe: 1) move out of the neighborhood, allowing the danger to persist for those too poor to move anywhere else, 2) retreat to the automobile, interacting with the city only as a motorist and never on foot, or 3) cultivate a sense of neighborhood "Turf", cordoning off upscale developments from unsavory surroundings using cyclone fences and patrolmen.

Noting that a well-used street is apt to be relatively safe from crime, while a deserted street is apt to be unsafe, Jacobs suggests that a dense volume of human users deters most violent crimes, or at least ensures a critical mass of first responders to mitigate disorderly incidents. The more bustling a street, the more interesting it is for strangers to walk along or watch from inside, creating an ever larger pool of unwitting deputies who might spot early signs of trouble. In other words, healthy sidewalks transform the city's high volume of strangers from a liability to an asset. The self-enforcing mechanism is especially strong when the streets are supervised by their "natural proprietors," individuals who enjoy watching street activity, feel naturally invested in its unspoken codes of conduct, and are confident that others will support their actions if necessary. They form the first line of defense for administering order on the sidewalk, supplemented by police authority when the situation demands it.

She instead advocated for dense mixed use development and walkable streets, with the "eyes on the street" of passers-by helping to maintain public order.

Edward Snowden disclosed in 2013 that the US government's Upstream program was collecting data people reading Wikipedia articles. This revelation had significant impact the self-censorship of the readers, as shown by the fact that there were substantially fewer views for articles related to terrorism and security.[12] The court case Wikimedia Foundation v. NSA has since followed.

"the enemy knows the system"

"one ought to design systems under the assumption that the enemy will immediately gain full familiarity with them"

The terms open and standard have a wide range of meanings associated with their usage.

In contrast to open formats, closed formats are considered trade secrets.

along an axis in a linear style.

other text

resistance-to-commitment model

A five component commitment model

This type relation is sometimes written S <: T

subtyping allows a function to be written to take an object of a certain type T, but also work correctly, if passed an object that belongs to a type S that is a subtype of T (according to the Liskov substitution principle)

the Add functions seem to work generically over various types when looking at the invocations, but are considered to be two entirely distinct functions by the compiler for all intents and purposes

The term "ad hoc" in this context is not intended to be pejorative; it refers simply to the fact that this type of polymorphism is not a fundamental feature of the type system.

chose the term ad hoc polymorphism to refer to polymorphic functions that can be applied to arguments of different types, but that behave differently depending on the type of the argument to which they are applied (also known as function overloading or operator overloading)

TOTP values can be phished like passwords, though this requires attackers to proxy the credentials in real time

The court's decision, which exonerated Hush-A-Phone and prohibited further interference by AT&T toward Hush-A-Phone users, stated that AT&T's prohibition of the device was not "just, fair, and reasonable," as required under the Communications Act of 1934, as the device "does not physically impair any of the facilities of the telephone companies," nor did it "affect more than the conversation of the user."

This victory for Hush-A-Phone was widely considered a watershed moment in the development of a secondary market for terminal equipment, in addition to contributing to the breakup of the Bell System.

Initially, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) found in AT&T's favor; it found that the device was a "foreign attachment" subject to AT&T control and that unrestricted use of the device could, in the commission's opinion, result in a general deterioration of the quality of telephone service.[1]

Customers were prohibited from connecting equipment not made or sold by Bell to the network.

In many households, telephones were hard-wired to wall terminals before connectors like RJ11 and BS 6312 became standardized.

distinction

it is a euphemism; abstract, agentless, and affectless, so that even if people succeeded in associating it with a real act or event, they would be insulated from any feelings of repulsion or moral outrage".

In 1999, "collateral damage" (German: Kollateralschaden) was named the German Un-Word of the Year by a jury of linguistic scholars. With this choice, it was criticized that the term had been used by NATO forces to describe civilian casualties during the Kosovo War, which the jury considered to be an inhuman euphemism.

the classic Orwellian arguments for finding this usage objectionable

it is jargon, and to the extent that people cannot decode it, it conceals what is actually going on;

The term has also been borrowed by the computing community to refer to the refusal of service to legitimate users when administrators take blanket preventative measures against some individuals who are abusing systems. For example, Realtime Blackhole Lists used to combat email spam generally block ranges of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses rather than individual IPs associated with spam, which can deny legitimate users within those ranges the ability to send email to some domains.

prototypical examples for the gift economy's prominence in the technology sector, and its active role in instating the use of permissive free software and copyleft licenses, which allow free reuse of software and knowledge.

The Fabian Society is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow.[1][2]

Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. Those programs which cannot so expand are replaced by ones which can.

published

Guédelon Castle (Château de Guédelon) is a castle currently under construction near Treigny, France. The castle is the focus of an experimental archaeology project aimed at recreating a 13th-century castle and its environment using period technique, dress, and material.

Data visualization is both an art and a science

e-book

the ordinal indicators should be distinguishable from superscript characters

frequent mistake is to confuse the degree sign U+00B0 (°) with the masculine ordinal indicator

respect for the physical and mental integrity of the worker in the exercise of his/her employment

ent work" and requires satisfact

CELEX (Communitatis Europae Lex) and soon became a well-used interinstitutional tool

in-line revisions or notes as well as marginal annotations.

In the Penal Settlement

After the collapse of Sargon's state, Lagash again thrived under its independent kings (ensis), Ur-Baba and Gudea, and had extensive commercial communications with distant realms

CloudDistributed

Web science

choose a song and either sing along to it as a solo, duet, or group performance.

earliest web annotation system.

Graphemes are often notated within angle brackets: ⟨a⟩, ⟨B⟩, etc.[8] This is analogous to both the slash notation (/a/, /b/) used for phonemes, and the square bracket notation used for phonetic transcriptions ([a], [b]).

emulate the way the brain links data by association rather than by indexes and traditional, hierarchical storage paradigms,

a user can download his or her own data

The Adi Granth, its first rendition, was compiled by the fifth Sikh Guru Arjan Dev (1563–1606). Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, did not add any of his own hymns; however, he added all 115 hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, to the Adi Granth and affirmed the text as his successor.[1

which are poetically rendered and set to a rhythmic ancient north Indian classical form of music.

Guru Nanak, Guru Angad, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan, and Guru Teg Bahadur.

The Dasam Granth includes hymns, mythological tales from Hindu texts,[2] a celebration of the feminine in the form of goddess Durga,[4] erotic fables,[2] an autobiography, letters to others such as the Mughal emperor, as well as reverential discussion of warriors and theology.[3]

he largest part of the Dasam Granth (40%), it is a controversial section;

Hindu epic

ballad

goddess

prayer

autobiography

However, many printed versions of the text in the contemporary era skip a major section (40%) because it is considered too graphic and obscene to print for the general audience

examined by scholars and found to be unreliable.

unreliable.

Most of the writing compiled at Anandpur Sahib was lost while the Guru's camp was crossing the Sirsa river before the Battle of Chamkaur (1704).

c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), were originally identified as kinases that bind and phosphorylate c-Jun on Ser-63 and Ser-73 within its transcriptional activation domain. They belong to the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, and are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock. They also play a role in T cell differentiation and the cellular apoptosis pathway. Activation occurs through a dual phosphorylation of threonine (Thr) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues within a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif located in kinase subdomain VIII. Activation is carried out by two MAP kinase kinases, MKK4 and MKK7, and JNK can be inactivated by Ser/Thr and Tyr protein phosphatases.[1] It has been suggested that this signaling pathway contributes to inflammatory responses in mammals and insects.[citation needed]

On 29 October 2008, at the International Semantic Web Conference 2008, Freebase released its RDF service for generating RDF representations of Freebase topics, allowing Freebase to be used as linked data.[11]

As of 2019, Medium is not profitable.

Medium has been focusing on optimizing the time visitors spend reading the site (1.5 million hours in March 2015), as opposed to maximizing the size of its audience

then it takes on any given value between f(a) and f(b) at some point within the interval

WTO membe

originally isolated from the skin of grapes (one can see the yeast as a component of the thin white film on the skins of some dark-colored fruits such as plums; it exists among the waxes of the cuticle)

Creating and destroying a thread and its associated resources can be an expensive process

relative condition number is

the study of beauty and taste

Some separate aesthetics and philosophy of art, claiming that the former is the study of beauty and taste while the latter is the study of art proper, in the form of materialized works of artists

Piwik was officially renamed as Matomo

Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve these goals are usually limited. Strategy generally involves setting goals, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions.[3] A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means (resources). Strategy can be intended or can emerge as a pattern of activity as the organization adapts to its environment or competes.[4] It involves activities such as strategic planning and strategic thinking.[5]

A given piece of material may require six or more drafts over a period of several years, and some drafts are never developed into completed work.

Subcommittees are assigned to write drafts on specific material, and the drafts are later presented, vigorously debated and re-drafted at the conferences.

I came upon a great idea that would put an end to these ceaseless interrogations by my comrade. 'We are five or six friends', I told him some time later, 'who are in charge of the same mathematics curriculum at various universities. Let us all come together and regulate these matters once and for all, and after this, I shall be delivered of these questions.' I was unaware of the fact that Bourbaki was born at that instant.

Weil and Cartan regularly complained to each other regarding the inadequacy of available course material for calculus instruction

the scene in which their characters wander through New York together was unscripted

The free software movement is a social movement with the goal of obtaining and guaranteeing certain freedoms for software users, namely the freedom to run the software, to study and change the software, and to redistribute copies with or without changes.

The community had a rich history in the fox farming and ship building industries.

If a server responds to a POST or other non-idempotent request with a 303 See Other response and a value for the location header, the client is expected to obtain the resource mentioned in the location header using the GET method

to trigger a request to the target resource using the same method, the server is expected to provide a 307 Temporary Redirect response

From the gene-centred view, it follows that the more two individuals are genetically related, the more sense (at the level of the genes) it makes for them to behave selflessly with each other.

Not being interested in stereotypes, he is a direct participant in the events, and uses personal experience and emotions in order to emphasize their basic meaning.

He doesn’t want to specify the time period, the place and reasons. Through photography he wants to show eternal themes, wants people to associate his works "with their memories from reading books, music, their own life."

1–9–90 rule (sometimes 90–9–1 principle or the 89:10:1 ratio),[1] which states that in a collaborative website such as a wiki, 90% of the participants of a community only consume content, 9% of the participants change or update content, and 1% of the participants add content.

Multiple, sometimes contradictory, versions of this work exist. The earliest known version was probably composed in the 1st century CE, but the story may have circulated in different versions for centuries before it was committed to writing,

sarcasm is an insincere form of politeness which is used to offend one's interlocutor.

keeping it parallel

An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced

Persistently taking beneficial chances is never beneficial at the end.

"Thou shalt not make a machine in the likeness of a human mind,"

In addition, Version 5 introduced a facility to use nested annotations within SBML's annotation format (an annotation format that is based on a subset of RDF).

Four worlds

businesses that require subscribers to print and mail their opt-out or cancellation request

pattern library with the specific goal of naming and shaming deceptive user interfaces

"we can know more than we can tell."[1]

The rationale for calling an action cruel rather than merely describing it in more neutral terms is to tune into this evaluative aspect

Thick concept

Meaning (semiotics)

a kind of concept that both has a significant degree of descriptive content and is evaluatively loaded

identities

The film was selected as the Icelandic entry

Outlaw: The Saga of Gisli

17 February 1984

ron and Headq

Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, or neural plasticity, is the ability of the brain to change continuously throughout an individual's life

Many programmers have had the experience of explaining a problem to someone else, possibly even to someone who knows nothing about programming, and then hitting u

She studied engineering physics in college but dropped out after a year.

He graduated in 1992, then attended The College of Saint Rose in Albany, New York, where he was a computer science major before switching to communications in his senior year. He was an average student. On weekends, he would perform stand-up comedy.[8] Fallon would often board buses from his aunt's house in Fort Hamilton to perform sets at Caroline's Comedy Club in Times Square.[17] He did not graduate, leaving college a semester early to pursue a comedy career.

Wikimedia REST API

James D. Watson, Francis Crick, and others hypothesized that DNA had a helical structure. This implied that DNA's X-ray diffraction pattern would be 'x shaped'

Predictions from the hypothesis

Any useful hypothesis will enable predictions, by reasoning including deductive reasoning

Scientists often use these terms to refer to a theory that is in accordance with the known facts, but is nevertheless relatively simple and easy to handle.

essfully campaign in Europe; his ministry reached global audiences with major campaig

The method was an early attempt to use logical means to produce knowledge. Llull hoped to show that Christian doctrines could be obtained artificially from a fixed set of preliminary ideas. For example, the most essential table listed the attributes of God: goodness, greatness, eternity, power, wisdom, will, virtue, truth and glory.

Calculation

this approach leverages new media to broaden access to opportunity and meaningful learning experiences.[1][2]

database provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases.

quantified self refers both to the cultural phenomenon of self-tracking with technology and to a community of users and makers of self-tracking tools who share an interest in “self-knowledge through numbers.”[1] Quantified Self practices overlap with the practice of lifelogging and other trends that incorporate technology and data acquisition into daily life, often with the goal of improving physical, mental, and/or emotional performance.

Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus

it determines which aspects of the environment an individual will deal with, and what gets passed through to that individual’s conscious awareness. The attentional awareness system is the reason one can safely drive or walk to work without noticing most of the buildings or cars one passes by.

The term "tacit knowing" or "tacit knowledge" is attributed to Michael Polanyi in 1958 in Personal Knowledge. In his later work The Tacit Dimension he made the assertion that "we can know more than we can tell."[1] He states not only that there is knowledge that cannot be adequately articulated by verbal means, but also that all knowledge is rooted in tacit knowledge.