倾听者的心理健康是什么？也是sdt的三则吗？

在控制变量（说话者自身的自我察觉意识）时，可能确实有如此的效果。并且减少表达时的直接冲突/上头。

Really good statement but also, self-preservation highlight.

modern indexing

tradional keywor match

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Word_in_Context Key Word in Context

倾听者不是机器，也有个人喜好。比如对特定的议题、讲述者的认知层次、讲述者在意的细节背后体现的价值观等，有个人倾向。所以，倾听不仅是：

1. 讲述者的表达能力
2. 倾听者满足表达者的std三种需求

也与讲述者与倾听者的compatibility相关。

倾听者适时提出解决方案，并且给予鼓励，可以提升讲述者的competence。但是这个“适时”很难把握。很多倾听者只是想被理解，而不期待获得解决方案。

ISSUE!!!! japan won't work here!!

ran

easy

kushalchattopadhyay@Kunals-MacBook-Air-7 jp-kyouzai % export PROJECT_ID=jp-digital-478220 kushalchattopadhyay@Kunals-MacBook-Air-7 jp-kyouzai % export LOCATION=asia-northeast1 kushalchattopadhyay@Kunals-MacBook-Air-7 jp-kyouzai % export CONTAINER_URI="gcr.io/deeplearning-platform-release/huggingface-text-embeddings-inference-cpu.1-6"

kushalchattopadhyay@Kunals-MacBook-Air-7 jp-kyouzai % export SERVICE_NAME="sarashina-embedding-server" <br /> kushalchattopadhyay@Kunals-MacBook-Air-7 jp-kyouzai % export MODEL_ID="sbintuitions/sarashina-embedding-v1-1b"

Este componente nomqueda tan claro como los otros, en términos de líneas o acciones concretas de desarrollo. Me parece que puede ayudar la distinción entre el desarrollo de protocolos o modelos de gobernanza, y el foco en uso de información orientada a la toma de desiciones, por medio del desarrollo de estudios estratégicos.

Esto está poco desarrollado. Acceso, desarrollo de manuales de uso, recomendaciones que aborden objetivos de estudios especificos, actividades de formación, etc.

Explicar

Un aspecto a destacar es el desarrollo de estudios estrategicos para la toma de desiciones.

Por ejemplo, DAMA (https://dama.org/about-dama/what-is-data-management/) es una asocación sobre Data Managment y sistematiza algo de lo que se presenta aquí.

Creo que le falta al contexto los crecientes requerimientos de parte de las revistas científicas (datos, códigos reproducibles, preregistros, etc.)

Citas

Las siguientes secciones parte con un párrafo fundamentado teoricamente sobre el problema en cuestion. Me parace que este debería iniciar igual. Fundamentar la importancia de la formación metodológica, usando el modelo de enseñanza de la Universidad (competencias) u otros modelos educativos que plantean de la necesidad de la formación en el uso de datos.

Si se va a mencionar el colaboratorio, esta sería la sección adecuada para hacerlo. Aunque no se me ocurre como.

Creo que los números me confunden, FACSO realizó 16 actividades y recibió 970 millones y FAGOB realizó 99 y recibió 2.4 millones. Tanto menos? y en que sentido sería una oportunidad para crecer? en el número de actividad, si, pero en $$ no?

legitimidad de qué?

Agregaría: en línea con estándares internacionales.

Dar un par de ejemplos

Me parece que falta mecionar en la introducción, al menos, un párrafo sobre el desarrollo de estádares en el manjo de datos a nivel global, como contraste de lo que ocurre en Chile (que está bien expresado). Por ejemplo, se hace mención a los principios FAIR recien en el componente de tranferencia. Me aprece que esto debería estar mencionado desde el inicio.

Misma cosa sobre el orden de aparición

Mantener el orden en que se presentan los apartados posteriormente.

el concepto de producción de datos está muy vinculado a levantamiento. Para diferenciarse de esa actividad propongo matizarlo o sacarlo por ahora. Así, el foco estaría en: transformar la manera en que se gestionan, documentan y utilizan los datos sociales, asegurando que el conocimiento generado sea riguroso, transparente y socialmente relevante.

Este párrafo es muy general. Funciona mejor como contexto amplio. Además, aparecen temas un poco descolgados como: los populismos o las crisis democráticas. ¿Cómo se conectan estos temas amplios con lo que se propone?

El título de formación requiere mayor detalle, parecido a los otros tres componentes: formación metodológica?

This work has been peer reviewed in GigaScience (see https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaf150), which carries out open, named peer-review. These reviews are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license and were as follows:

Reviewer 2: Hikmet Budak

I believe that the dataset produced is a great contribution to the community. My major concerns are as follows: 1. The data described is good but please clarify how would be solution the discrepancy between the manual annotations and the computational annotations and annotations quality for he sulfatide-centered MSI dataset, challenges? 2. Please remove too old references unless they are pioneer and replace with the new ones. 3. Please try to add some of figures as supplementary instead of text, 4. algorithm is not fully optimized or not? 5. How did you recover the missing annotations? Please clarify/elabroate this

Would be happy to review after revisions.

This work has been peer reviewed in GigaScience (see https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaf150), which carries out open, named peer-review. These reviews are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license and were as follows:

Reviewer 1: Morteza Akbari

This manuscript by Gruber et al. provides a Data Note detailing a high-value, sulfatide-focused benchmark dataset for the mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) community. The project is well thought out, technically advanced, and directly meets a major need for biologically relevant, deeply characterized ground-truth data to test MS1-level metabolite annotation software. It is a big technical achievement to create an ultra-high-resolution dataset (R∼1,230,000) with a 7T FT-ICR instrument. The use of isotopic fine structure (IFS) to boost annotation confidence is a major strength. Using QCL-MIR imaging strategically to guide the MSI acquisition is a smart and effective way to do things. It's great that the authors are committed to FAIR principles.

The writing in the manuscript is excellent, and the data is very good. It makes a big difference in the field. There are, however, several changes that should be made to make it clearer, more scientifically complete, and more useful as a stand-alone benchmark resource for the community. The following points are given to help make the manuscript stronger for publication.

Major Revisions

1. Provision of the "Ground Truth" Annotation List: The benchmark dataset is the most important part of this Data Note. The manuscript's supplementary information, on the other hand, doesn't seem to have the final, curated list of manual annotations that make up the "ground truth." For this dataset to be truly reusable for benchmarking third-party software, it needs another table. This table should show all of the manually annotated sulfatides for each replicate, along with their experimental m/z, proposed sum formula, lipid annotation, mass error (ppm), and a way to tell if IFS was used to confirm them.

2. Strengthening the "Ground Truth" Justification: The manuscript depends on an earlier publication (Ref) to validate the sulfatide structures using MS/MS. It is acceptable to reference previous work, but a benchmark Data Note should be as self-sufficient as possible. Please add a short paragraph to the "Data Validation and Quality Control" section that sums up the main MS/MS fragmentation evidence from Ref that backs up the sulfatide identifications. This will give users of the dataset a more complete and clear chain of evidence.

3. Deeper Analysis of Automated Annotation Discrepancies: The comparison with Metaspace shows how important this dataset is by showing that even a top-of-the-line tool can't annotate 14 high-confidence sulfatides. The discussion needs to be longer so that it can look at

why these failures could be happening. Please explain why Metaspace's scoring algorithm, which only looks at the four most intense isotopic peaks, might not work well with this kind of ultra-high-resolution data where low-intensity IFS peaks (like 34 S) are very important. Talking about how future algorithms could make better use of this information would make the paper much more useful and help with the development of new tools.

Minor Revisions

1. Clarification of Table 1: The row headers for the R2 dataset ("all" vs. "QCL-MIR-guided") are slightly confusing, as all R2 data is QCL-MIR-guided. Please revise these for clarity (e.g., "Total Annotations in ROIs" and "Annotations with Confirmed IFS Evidence").

2. Definition of "Internal Error": The legend for Figure 1g should include a brief definition or reference for how "internal error" was calculated to ensure the metric is fully understood.

3. Confirmation of Database Contents: In the Methods section, please add a sentence explicitly confirming that all manually annotated sulfatide species were included in the custom database file used for the Metaspace analysis. This is a crucial detail for a fair comparison.

4. Explicit Statement of Dataset Limitations: In the "Re-use Potential" section, it would be beneficial to explicitly state the inherent trade-off of the ultra-high-resolution approach. Please add a sentence acknowledging that the dataset is optimized for high-confidence annotation and that this comes at the cost of reduced sensitivity and comprehensive spatial coverage compared to a standard MSI experiment.

5. Link to Custom Database: The Methods section mentions the creation of a custom database of 780 theoretical sulfatides. Please explicitly state in the text that this database is available as Supplementary Dataset 3.

Addressing these points will significantly enhance the manuscript's value and ensure its lasting impact as a key resource for the computational mass spectrometry community.

This work has been peer reviewed in GigaScience (see https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaf148), which carries out open, named peer-review. These reviews are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license and were as follows:

Reviewer 1: Moran Chen

This manuscript presents a novel multivariate random forest (MRF) framework enhanced by the inverse minimal depth (IMD) metric for integrative multi-omics biomarker discovery. The authors clearly demonstrate the robustness and superiority of the proposed methods through comprehensive simulation studies and validation on TCGA datasets. The manuscript provides clear methodological explanations, offering valuable insights into its practical utility. I recommend accepting the manuscript after minor revisions. Minor Concern: 1. Biological Interpretation Depth: While the authors identified biologically relevant biomarkers, the biological interpretations remain somewhat superficial. A deeper exploration of novel or less-known biomarkers in the context of disease mechanisms would strengthen the biological relevance of the findings. 2. Sensitivity Analysis of Randomness: The authors should conduct and discuss sensitivity analyses regarding different random states or random seeds to assess the stability of the method's results. 3. Comparison with Existing Methods on Real Data: While the simulation studies provide thorough benchmarking, the manuscript could enhance its practical value by including detailed comparisons with methods such as SPLS, PMDCCA, and SGCCA using the real-world TCGA datasets. 4. Applicability to Other Diseases: The authors primarily focus on cancer datasets. It is recommended to discuss potential applicability to other disease contexts, such as neurodegenerative or immunological diseases, to illustrate broader utility. 5. Improved Visualization: Some figures in the manuscript have font sizes that are too small, which might impair readability. It is recommended to enlarge the text labels, legends, and axis annotations to ensure that all information is clearly visible and accessible. In Figure 8, the use of sub-labels (such as a, b, c) is mentioned in the text, but these labels are not visible in the figure itself.

This work has been peer reviewed in GigaScience (see https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaf148), which carries out open, named peer-review. These reviews are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license and were as follows:

Reviewer 2: Yun-Juan Bao

The article presents an Integrative Multi-Omics Random Forest Framework for Robust Biomarker Discovery. It addresses the challenge of extracting key shared biomarkers from multiple omics data types by introducing a multivariate random forest-based approach enhanced by an inverse minimal depth metric.

I have some concerns and comments below: 1. The new algorithm described in the study selected omics variables by assigning response variable to decision tree nodes. How the response variables relate to biological responses/outcomes? From the authors' description, it seems that the selected omics variables using the IMD are almighty, i.e., they can predict anything needed, such as prognosis, cancer types, and et al. Actually, the usual logic to select omics variables to predict prognosis is to evaluate the association between omics variables and survival time. 2. Following the discussion in 1, what is the biological meaning to extract shared biomarkers from multiple data layers? While it is straightforward to think that the shared biomarkers between multiple data layers or data types may induce the same biological responses, the unique biomarkers also matter depending on what biological responses we care. 3. The Introduction section is not sufficient. The biological significance and technical details of "extract shared biomarkers from multiple data layers" need to be explained in more details. 4. It is advised to provide some examples of the statement in the Introduction: "may fail to capture nonlinear interactions" of the current methods (sPLS, CCA). 5. It is also advised to explain and illustrate how the new method proposed in this study addressed the challenge of traditional methods for capturing nonlinear relationships. Ablation study could be one of the choices. 6. The authors showed that their new approach "uncovered known cancer biological relevant pathways". How about the functional enrichment of genes selected from traditional methods, such as sPLS, CCA? 7. The authors showed that the selected RNA-seq and ATAC-seq features using the new approach are able to capture the distinction between different cancer types (Figure 8). It is suggested to quantitatively evaluate this capability using metrics of recall, precision, and et al. to calculate how many samples are corrected classified and how many are mis-classified in comparison with other methods. 8. It is advised to re-find the Discussion. In what scenario their new method can be applied? What biological insights can be obtained and what can be missed by the new method? 9. The authors did not provide sufficient details about the datasets they used in the section Method. How many samples in TCGA? How many features did they use? How many features left after filtering? 10. Although the performance of the new approach showed some kind of superior in comparison with other methods, the authors only used the currently known databases. It is advised to apply their approach to additional testing datasets or real-world datasets to increase the confidence of the conclusion of this study. It is also observed that the performance of sPLS is better than others in some cases (Figure 4). 11. It is suggested to re-fine the figures. The labels and legends are too tiny to be seen. 12. There is no sub-figure labels a,b,c,d,e,f in Figure 8. The positions of sub-figure labels in Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 7 are not correct.

This work has been peer reviewed in GigaScience (see https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaf148), which carries out open, named peer-review. These reviews are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license and were as follows:

Reviewer 3: Yingxia Li

Summary: This manuscript presents a novel multivariate random forest (MRF)-based framework, incorporating the Inverse Minimal Depth (IMD) metric, for integrative multi-omics variable selection and robust biomarker discovery. The method is thoughtfully developed, rigorously evaluated through comprehensive simulations, and effectively demonstrated on TCGA datasets. The topic is highly relevant, and the manuscript is generally well-organized and clearly written.

Major comments: The proposed MRF-IMD framework demonstrates significant advantages in handling nonlinear relationships and high-dimensional data integration. However, a more comprehensive comparison with other nonlinear ensemble methods (e.g., gradient boosting or deep learning approaches) is recommended to highlight its uniqueness.

This work has been peer reviewed in GigaScience (see https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaf146), which carries out open, named peer-review. These reviews are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license and were as follows:

Reviewer 4: Laura Caquelin

Reproducibility report for: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Segmentation-Based Quality Control of Structural Magnetic Resonance Images Journal: GigaScience ID number/DOI: GIGA-D-25-00085 Reviewer(s): Laura Caquelin, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden [Worked on reproducing the results and wrote the report] Tobias Wängberg, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden [Worked on reproducing the results]

1. Summary of the Study The study addresses how variability in magnetic resonance images quality, especially from motion artifacts or scanner differences, can affect structural image analysis. It proposes a quality assessment framework for T1-weighted images based on tissue classification and standardized image quality measures. The method is shown to be robust across datasets and conditions, helping to detect outliers and control for motion-related artifacts.

1. Scope of reproducibility

According to our assessment the primary objective is: to develop and validate a standardized framework for assessing the quality of structural (T1-weighted) MRI images, enabling the detection of artifacts on simulated data.

• Outcome: Quantitative quality ratings derived from image properties such as noise-to-contrast ratio (NCR), inhomogeneity-to-contrast ratio (ICR), resolution score (RES), and edge-to-contrast ratio (ECR) and Full-brain Euler characteristic (FEC) combined into a Structural Image Quality Rating (SIQR).

• Analysis method outcome: Not precised in the manuscript, but with the Matlab script we identified that the quality scores were correlated using Spearman's rank correlation, and statistical significance was assessed using p-values computed using MATLAB's built-in method.

• Main result: Results are presented in Figure 5. "The evaluation on the BWP test dataset showed that most quality ratings have a very high correlation (rho > .950, p < .001) with their corresponding perturbation and a very low correlation (rho < |0.1|) with the other tested perturbations (see table in Figure 5A & C). This suggests considerable specificity of the proposed quality measures. The combined SIQR score also showed a very strong association with the segmentation quality kappa (rho = -.913, p < .001) and brain tissue volumes (rhoCSF/GM/WM = -.472/-.484/.736, pCSF/GM/WM < .001) (Figure 5B). […] The edge-based resolution measure ECR, on the other hand, generally performed better (rho = .828, p < .001), but was more affected by noise (rho = .306, p < .001) and inhomogeneity (rho = .223, p < .001) than other scores."

1. Availability of Materials a. Data
2. Data availability: Open
3. Data completeness: Complete, all data necessary to reproduce main results are available
4. Access Method: Private journal dropbox but also available on Github repository
5. Repository: https://github.com/ChristianGaser/cat12 -Data quality: Structured b. Code
6. Code availability: Share in the private journal dropbox but also open
7. Programming Language(s): Matlab
8. Repository link: https://github.com/ChristianGaser/cat12
9. License: GPL-2.0 License
10. Repository status: Public
11. Documentation: Readme file

1. Computational environment of reproduction analysis

2. Operating system for reproduction: MacOS 15.5 (reviewer 1) and MacOS 15.1 (reviewer 2)

3. Programming Language(s): Matlab
4. Code implementation approach: Using shared code
5. Version environment for reproduction: Matlab R2024b Update 6 (24.2.2923080) - Trial version

1. Results

5.1 Original study results - Results 1: Figure 5 C (see screenshot)

5.2 Steps for reproduction

->Finding how to reproduce the results - Issue 1: The methods section lacks sufficient detail regarding the statistical methodology, and the relevant information is not fully provided in the GitHub repository. -- Resolved: A message has been sent to the authors requesting further clarification on the methodology and additional resources (scripts/data) needed to reproduce the results. The script to reproduce the results is "cat_tst_qa_bwpmaintest.m".

-> Reproduce the results using the "cat_tst_qa_bwpmaintest.m" script. - Issue 2: To run the script "cat_tst_qa_bwpmaintest.m", the "eva_vol_calcKappa" function is missing. -- Resolved: The script was shared and added to the Github repository. - Issue 3: While running the script, the following error message encountered: Assigning to 0 elements using a simple assignment statement is not supported. Consider using comma-separated list assignment.

Error in cat_tst_qa_bwpmaintest (line 481) default.QS{find(cellfun('isempty',strfind(default.QS(:,2),'FEC'))==0),4} = [100, 850]; -- Resolved: This error stops the execution of the script. After discussion with the authors, the exact cause of the error encountered at line 480 was not directly identified. We exchanged and compared our environments at the point just before the error occurred and observed notable differences between them. Our environment is almost empty. The authors identified that the default variable is missing from our environment, even though it is referenced at line 437 by a call to the cat_stat_marks function. We confirmed that all required dependencies were installed (including Statistics toolbox, SPM and CAT12), and that we had access to all the necessary data. To ensure the issue was not due to user error, the code was independently executed by two reviewers. The error was consistently reproduced in both cases. About the setup, I specified to the authors: "To summarize my setup: * I have installed SPM, CAT, and the Statistics Toolbox. * I downloaded all datasets from the GigaScience server. * I also downloaded the IXI T1 data, but I've only kept the version available on the GigaScience server in my working directory. Is the version from GigaScience sufficient? I had presumed that this dataset was pre-processed and ready to use, so I ignored the time-consuming pre-processing step. Your last email seems to confirm this point."

The authors answered that: « Yes, this is correct. However, both directories have to be combined so that the original IXI images and the processing files are included. »

In an attempt to proceed, we modified the portion of the code that triggered the error:

% FEC FECpos = find(cellfun('isempty',strfind(default.QS(:,2),'FEC'))==0); try warning off; [Q.fit.FEC, Q.fit.FECstat] = robustfit(Q.FECgt(M,1),Q.FECo(M,1)); warning on; if ~isempty(FECpos) default.QS{FECpos,4} = round([Q.fit.FEC(1) + Q.fit.FEC(2), Q.fit.FEC(1) + Q.fit.FEC(2) * 6], -1); end

catch Q.fit.FEC = [nan nan]; Q.fit.FECstat = struct('coeffcorr',nan(2,2),'p',nan(2,2)); if ~isempty(FECpos) default.QS{FECpos,4} = [100 850]; end end

Following this adjustment, the end of the script "cat_tst_qa_bwpmaintest.m" ran without issue and generated output results:

Finally, the error was identified after numerous exchanges with the authors. The function "cat_stat_marks", available in the Github repository, was not shared in the FTP server. With this function added, the script runs correctly. Please note that the link to the Github repository where the software code can be found is not specified in the manuscript.

-> Compare the results reproduced and the original results - Issue 4: Discrepancy between reproduced results, output results provided by the authors and the original results shown in Figure 5C. -- Unresolved: We reproduced the figures and the corresponding output table using the modified "cat_tst_qa_bwpmaintest.m" script. We ran the script using the only default QC version selected in the script ("cat_vol_qa201901x"). By comparing our output with the result files shared by the authors, we were able to confirm that we had executed the correct pipeline. However, we encountered a discrepancy: neither the generated file in our run (tst_cat_col_qa201901x_irBWPC_HC_T1_pn9_rf100pC_vx200x200x200rptable.csv) nor the corresponding file provided by the authors (outputs from BWPmain_full_202504) matched the numerical values presented in Figure 5C of the manuscript. We contacted the authors to clarify whether the default QC version used in the script was indeed the one produce the figure. In response, they confirmed:

"All figures should show the results of this QC version although I had the plan to run a final check update after the reviewer comments (the figures are finally arranged in Adobe Illustrator)."

Therefore, although the correct version of the QC was used, the differences in the results shown in Figure 5C remain unexplained. This issue is still unresolved.

5.3 Statistical comparison Original vs Reproduced results - Results: Screenshot of reproduced tst_cat_vol_qa201901x_irBWPC_HC_T1_pn9_rf100pC_vx200x200x200_rptable.csv table

• Comments: Several p-values in the reproduced results appear as exactly 0 (0.00000000e+00), which is unlikely from a statistical point of view. It is possible that these values are just extremely small and were rounded down. However, this could also point a problem in the script. Further investigation would be needed to determine the cause.
• Errors detected: Values in Figure 5C do not correspond to those provided by the authors in the FTP server in the files (tst_cat_vol_qa201901x_irBWPC_HC_T1_pn9_rf100pC_vx200x200x200_rptable.csv). Multiple inconsistencies were observed, suggesting potential errors in the manuscript figure or mismatches between file versions (see file Comparison_original_rptable_vs_fig5C_data.csv for comparison).

(Screenshot of Figure 5C)

(Screenshot of the original output corresponding to the Figure 5C)

• Statistical Consistency: The reproduced correlation table (tst_cat_vol_qa201901x_irBWPC_HC_T1_pn9_rf100pC_vx200x200x200_rptable.csv). differs from the original in terms of r-values and p-values. Compared to the Figure 5C, the reproduced r-values do not all match those shown in the figure. P-values cannot be directly compared to Figure 5C, as they are represented by a color gradient without a scale or legend, making direct comparison impossible.

1. Conclusion
2. Summary of the computational reproducibility review The computational reproducibility of the main result we identified for the study is partially achieved. After several technical issues related to missing functions, I was able to execute the script to reproduce values of Figure 5C ("cat_tst_qa_bwpmaintest.m") and obtain ouput results. However, discrepancies were observed when comparing the reproduced results (tst_cat_col_qa201901x_irBWPC_HC_T1_pn9_rf100pC_vx200x200x200rptable.csv) to both:
3. the output file provided by the authors, and

4. the original results presented in figure 5C of the manuscript. Notably, the output file provided by the authors and the results in figure 5C do not match either, indicating potential errors or file versions mismatches. Additionally, many p-values in the reproduced results are equal to 0, which suggests a formatting issue or a problem in the script. Figure 5C also lacks a scale, legend detail, or supplementary data to make possible to verify p-values (assuming the color gradient represents the p-values).

5. Recommendations for authors We strongly recommend the authors to: -- Ensure all essential code and functions are included in the shared repositories. Some necessary files were not included in the FTP server provided with the paper. Although the GitHub repository (https://github.com/ChristianGaser/cat12) was shared with the journal, but it is not referenced in the manuscript, making it difficult for external users to locate. -- Add detailed documentation of the statistical methods: the current manuscript lacks sufficient information regarding the statistical methodology used, at least for the purpose of the reproducibility review. Please, include detailed explanation of statistical tests, packages and parameter settings (e.g. QC version) to improve reproducibility. -- Clarify the versioning and outputs for the figures: there is a lack of clarity regarding which specific data outputs were used to generate figure 5C. Providing metadata or links to the exact output file used would help to resolve this issue. -- Provide raw numerical data behind figures: figure 5C seems to display p-values using a color gradient but no scale or legend is provided. Sharing the raw data used would allow the comparison and the reproducibility of the figure. -- Improve the clarity of execution instructions and address potential p-values issues: the issue with p-values showing up as exactly 0 in the reproduced results might be caused by differences in the environment setup, such as missing variables, different software versions, or skipped steps before running the script. Improving the instructions for setting up the environment and running the would help prevent issues and facilitate reproducibility.

This work has been peer reviewed in GigaScience (see https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaf146), which carries out open, named peer-review. These reviews are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license and were as follows:

Reviewer 3: Cyril Pernet

The paper describes an alternative way to QC T1w images with 2 major innovations: a different set of metrics not relying on background and a global score that combines those metrics. In addition, all of this is integrated in a well maintained toolbox allowing easy usage.

I only have suggestions (ie it does not have to be all done) as the overall paper is well written, easy to follow and analyses well conducted. P6 NCR: it can be nice to demonstrate how it performs compared to traditional CNR (mean of the white matter intensity values minus the mean of the gray matter intensity values divided by the standard deviation of the values outside the brain) -- differs markedly because of background difference for sure, since you have plenty of test images you could show that more clearly (later in the method, based on what criteria/reason 'local' is defined as 555?) P7 ECR should capture something similar to Entropy Focus Criterion, would be nice to provide a direct comparison P8 typo, you meant equation 2 P8 SIQR I'm guessing you have experimented with the power function - maybe a side note to share your experience of why or how it works better than eg square

Dr Cyril Pernet

This work has been peer reviewed in GigaScience (see https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaf146), which carries out open, named peer-review. These reviews are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license and were as follows:

Reviewer 2: Oscar Esteban

Technical Note GIGA-D-25-00085 introduces a segmentation-based quality control (QC) framework for T1-weighted structural MRI integrated into the CAT12 toolbox. The approach defines five interpretable image quality metrics—noise-to-contrast ratio (NCR), inhomogeneity-to-contrast ratio (ICR), resolution score (RES), edge-to-contrast ratio (ECR), and full-brain Euler characteristic (FEC)—which are combined into a composite Structural Image Quality Rating (SIQR). The tool aims to provide a standardized, interpretable scoring system for identifying poor-quality scans, with validation across simulated datasets and real-world imaging data.

Strengths

The manuscript addresses a critical need in neuroimaging by presenting an automated, interpretable, and practical framework for quality control of T1-weighted structural MRI. By integrating multiple segmentation-derived metrics into a single Structural Image Quality Rating (SIQR), the approach enables fast, standardized assessment of image quality. The tool is embedded in the widely used CAT12/SPM ecosystem, facilitating adoption, and it is validated across a range of synthetic and real-world datasets. The scoring system is designed with user accessibility in mind, offering a clear grading scale and robust detection of motion-related artifacts, making it particularly well-suited for use in large-scale research and clinical imaging settings.

Weaknesses

1. Ambiguity of scope and segmentation dependency. A fundamental issue with the manuscript is its failure to clearly define the proposed QC framework's intended scope. If it is intended as a general-purpose image quality assessment tool, then several limitations become critical: its reliance on accurate tissue segmentation, its omission of background signal, its restricted validation within the CAT12 pipeline, and its lack of demonstrated interoperability with other workflows or populations. The method's reliability across different segmentation tools (e.g., FreeSurfer, FSL, SynthSeg) or in anatomically atypical populations (e.g., pediatric, lesioned brains) is untested. Conversely, if the framework is intended as a CAT12-specific internal QC tool, then the presentation is misleading. The inclusion of cross-tool benchmarks (e.g., MRIQC), the use of generalized grading schemes, and the claims of robustness give the impression of broader applicability. In this narrower interpretation, some concerns (e.g., pipeline generalization) would be less pressing, but others—such as the MRIQC comparison—become more problematic and unjustified. The manuscript would benefit greatly from explicitly stating whether the goal is a broadly applicable QC solution or a targeted add-on for CAT12 workflows.
2. Lack of compliance with GigaScience reproducibility standards. The manuscript does not currently meet GigaScience's data and code availability requirements. The code used to generate results and figures is not publicly accessible—only available upon request—which directly conflicts with the journal's expectations for open, reproducible research. Similarly, while the data are drawn from public sources, the manuscript lacks direct links, accession numbers, or DOIs for the datasets used, and provides no clarity on data preprocessing or analysis scripts. There is also no reference to licensing for the CAT12 toolbox or the code used in the study, and no reproducibility capsule (e.g., containerized environment, workflow script) is offered. These omissions limit the transparency and reusability of the work and must be addressed to comply with the FAIR principles and GigaScience's editorial policies.
3. Mischaracterization of background-based IQMs. In the "SIQR measure development" section, the manuscript states: "Image quality measures are commonly estimated from the image background (Mortamed et al., 2008; Esteban et al., 2017)." This statement is factually incorrect and conceptually misleading. First, the citation is incorrect—Mortamed should be Mortamet (2009). Second, it misrepresents tools like MRIQC, where most quality metrics are computed within brain tissue, including CJV, SNR, and contrast-based measures. Third, the authors entirely omit recent work (e.g., Pizarro et al., 2016; Provins et al., 2025\) showing that artifacts such as ghosting, wrap-around, and motion often manifest more clearly in the background, due to the nature of Fourier reconstruction. By excluding background regions, the proposed method may miss artifacts that are visible but lie outside the segmented brain, and the trade-offs of this design decision are not discussed. The rationale based on defacing is only partial: defacing typically removes the face, not the broader background, where artifact signals often dominate. The statement as written oversimplifies QC practices and signals a bias toward justifying the framework's internal constraints rather than engaging with the full methodological landscape. References: Provins, C., … Esteban, O. (2025). Removing facial features from structural MRI images biases visual quality assessment PLOS Biology. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003149 (OA). Pizarro RA, et al. (2016). Automated quality assessment of structural magnetic resonance brain images based on a supervised machine learning algorithm. Front Neuroinf. 10. doi:10.3389/fninf.2016.00052.
4. Underdeveloped and opaque benchmarking against MRIQC. The benchmarking against MRIQC is reported only in the Results section, with no corresponding description in the Methods. It is surprising that MRIQC is not mentioned by name until page 14, despite the Esteban et al. (2017) reference appearing earlier in a different context. This suggests that the treatment of MRIQC—a widely adopted, general-purpose QC tool—has not been as thorough or fair as would be desirable. Key methodological details are missing: the authors do not explain how MRIQC was executed, how specific features (e.g., snr_wm, cjv) were selected, or whether a multivariate classifier was considered. Given that MRIQC's full model leverages multiple features simultaneously, limiting the comparison to univariate metrics weakens the validity of the claim that SIQR outperforms existing approaches. A more balanced, transparent benchmarking setup would strengthen the manuscript considerably. This benchmarking also mentions an "SPM12-based" QC performance but does not clarify how and why this comparison is made.
5. No analysis of failure cases. The manuscript does not present examples of false positives or false negatives—cases where SIQR fails to align with visual inspection or known ground truth. Without understanding when and why the metric fails, users cannot judge the risk of misclassification or apply it conservatively in sensitive datasets.

Minor Issues

• Figure 7 could benefit from clearer annotation of thresholds and misclassified cases to help interpret the ROC curves.
• While the title "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly" is a play on the classic western film, this informal or humorous reference may be perceived as inappropriate in a scientific context—especially for a methods paper intended to support standardization and reproducibility. The title does not convey the technical scope or scientific contribution of the work, which may undermine its visibility and perceived rigor. A more descriptive and neutral title—e.g., "Segmentation-Based Quality Control of Structural MRI using the CAT12 Toolbox"—would better reflect the content and purpose of the manuscript.
• While the authors validate their approach against synthetic degradations and segmentation-derived kappa scores, they do not sufficiently leverage human expert QC ratings. Greater engagement with visual QC standards would make the case for SIQR's practical value more compelling.

I was given access to the supporting data but chose not to proceed with reproducibility checks at this stage, as the manuscript does not currently meet GigaScience's basic standards for code and data transparency. I look forward to reviewing a revised version that clearly defines the scope of the method, improves methodological transparency, and brings the manuscript into compliance with the journal's reproducibility and FAIR data principles.

Best regards,

Oscar Esteban, Ph. D. Research and Teaching FNS Fellow Dept. of Radiology, CHUV, University of Lausanne

This work has been peer reviewed in GigaScience (see https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaf146), which carries out open, named peer-review. These reviews are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license and were as follows:

Reviewer 1: Chris Foulon

The article presents a valuable effort towards standardising quality control methods and their evaluation. However, too many choices seem arbitrary without sufficient justification, and too many sections are unclear. Overall, the quality of the work cannot be fully assessed in the current state of the manuscript, and major revisions are needed to correct that. There is also not enough comparison (one) with other methods and no way of evaluating whether these measures are relevant to actual downstream imaging uses. Additionally, the article's goal is highly unclear and led me to think the segmentation measures were part of the QC pipeline until I read the discussion ... Nothing until the discussion explains that the segmentation measures are used to evaluate the single SIQR score output of the QC pipeline.

Comments: "All measures and tools are part of the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT; https://neuro-jena.github.io//cat, Gaser et al., 2024) of the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm, Ashburner et al. 2002) software and also available as a standalone version (https://neuro-jena.github.io/enigma-cat12/#standalone)." I cannot really expect everyone to avoid Matlab tools. Still, Matlab is a drag to the development of scalable tools nowadays (every system admin's nightmare is to have to try to make Matlab tools run on high-performance computing servers).

"such as noise, inhomogeneities, and resolution (Figure 1B)." At this point in the article, it's a bit unclear how that works in Figure 1B.

"It is assessed within optimized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white matter (WM) regions." Then, the NCR relies on the segmentation, right? What if the segmentation fails?

Oh, most of the measures actually rely on the segmentation. Are segmentation errors accounted for in the tool? I am thinking specifically about "abnormal" brains that can be difficult for segmentation algorithms. At least at this point of the article, it's not clear.

"To accommodate various international rating systems, we have adopted a linear percentage and a corresponding (alpha-)numeric scaling." this doesn't match the complexity of the following explanation about the rather arbitrary range. I think a much more international and understandable rating would have been a 0 to 1 range. A 0.5 to 10.5 range is not helping users at all. As the rating is linear, I am struggling to see the added value of this choice.

"Although the BWP does not include the simulation of motion artifacts, these are in general comparable to an increase of noise in the BWP dataset by 2 percentage points." Maybe that should be justified with a reference? "in general" might be a bit light to justify not having a direct measure for something presented as important (motion artefacts) in the introduction and goal of the tool. I think the absence of a noise estimation in the QC ratings should be more thoroughly justified.

"To balance the sensitivity to different quality measures while ensuring that the necessary quality conditions are met, we apply an exponentially weighted averaging approach — similar to the root mean square (RMS) but using the fourth power and fourth root." Why is there no justification or references for these arbitrary choices? Why not the fifth root or tenth root? Why the square root and not an exponential or any other function?

"Sample Normalization for Outlier Detection" It is unclear whether this is systematically applied or not. Is it a separate measure, or is it aggregated into another score? That measure could be relevant in many cases but could also be really bad in some specific cases (for example, historical data where the "ideal" quality would probably be well below standards.

"raw (co-registered)" Well, it is not raw if it's co-registered. I suggest reformulation to avoid confusion with actual raw images.

The "Evaluation Concept and Data" section is very unclear. The need for a training-testing scheme is not explained, and the scheme itself is very arbitrary (choosing odd and even numbered files ordered by filenames). How does that splitting strategy help with generalisation? Why that specific split? Why not another? How do we know that split is not biased? Finally, the selection of 6 scans also seems completely arbitrary. Overall, this section does not provide enough information to justify the seemingly arbitrary choices.

"Of note, obvious subject/scan-specific motion artifacts generally increase the scans' rating for about 1 grade, which corresponds to a decrease of 10 rps (and +0.5 grade / -5 rps for light artifacts), in comparison to the typical rating achieved by the majority of scans of the same protocol." This is incredibly vague! How are readers supposed to evaluate the quality control measures with this information?

Discussion: "as this is more relevant for segmentation and surface reconstruction (Ashburner et al., 2005)." A lot of work has been done in these domains in 20 years; this reference, however solid, is not enough to justify that choice. This might not be relevant with the methods developed in the last 20 years.

"with a power of 4 rather than 2, to place greater emphasis on the more problematic aspects of image quality." Still not enough to justify that choice. The authors failed to convince me that one single score is better than reporting all the measures significantly, as different quality measures will influence different tasks. A very practical example is the fact that the vast majority of acquisitions in clinical settings, the resolution is anisotropic (though less with T1 images nowadays, historical datasets will still have it). This anisotropy is not necessarily an issue for human diagnosis, for example; however, aggregating all the scores in one might hide that a low-quality measurement might not affect the specific downstream task. Coupled with the lack of justification for the factor scalings, this choice of a single score is a significant negative point for the tool.

Data availability: Where can the sources of these specific tools be accessed?

hypothesis

Martin reports having used Porstmanns Karteikunde in his youth circa 1975 when it was widely used in offices.

Open question: Did Luhmann teach zettelkasten practices while at Speyer?

(via https://forum.zettelkasten.de/profile/chrisaldrich)

https://alabut.com/photos/iwcsd2025/

Frank, Adam. 2025. “The Truth Physics Can No Longer Ignore.” The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/2025/12/physics-life-reductionism-complexity/685257/ (January 4, 2026).

This one is very tasty. Smooth on the tongue, not much burn. I can almost taste the brown butter.

Because labour is free and the only thing now remaining is capital.

What Is ChatGPT Doing … and Why Does It Work?<br /> by [[Stephen Wolfram]]<br /> accessed on 2026-01-04T16:29:29

BookNLP apparently incompatible with newer Python versions and libraries. Works under Python 3.9 and NumPy 1.26.4.

?

this is exactly me... i need to put my phone to somewhere i cant see or touch

people keep saying this but they still make no actions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7ydo7H_1TA Starts out with details for properly threading film projector

“NFORMATION RETRIEVAL” 1961 IBM BUSINESS COMPUTER PROMO MAINFRAME PUNCHCARD COMPUTERS SM10435<br /> by [[Periscope Film]] on YouTube <br /> accessed on 2026-01-04T15:56:12

Some great visuals hiding in here.<br /> Starts out with details for properly threading film projector<br /> keywords - indexing methods<br /> Key Word in Context (KWIC)<br /> inverted file (aka lookup file)<br /> Notice this is a few years after Desk Set (1957)<br /> Selective dissemination of information<br /> Fake company name: Alamer

" KEYS TO THE LIBRARY " 1950s EDUCATIONAL FILM CARD CATALOGS, ENCYCLOPEDIAS & DEWEY DECIMAL XD71644<br /> by [[Periscope Film]] on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2026-01-04T15:53:51

And the Fetish of the Year Is...Gooning! By Kayla Kibbe for Cosmopolitan Published: Dec 9, 2025

two separate quotes at the top

https://atkinsbookshelf.wordpress.com/2019/02/16/life-belongs-to-the-whole-community-it-is-a-sort-of-splendid-torch/

https://www.reddit.com/r/math/comments/1pz0owy/statistical_investigation_of_diamond_mining_in/<br /> Statistical investigation of diamond mining in Minecraft

Wasn't Web Ring culture back in the day the same on Geocities? When people controlled the HTML on their site rather than using a CMS(Content Management System) the internet was a more exciting place.

Technically speaking Facebook/Instagram/Tiktok/X are all just CMS software

Nice explanation of the site, it almost works as a definition of a knowledge garden but isn't actionable by the reader.

Abstract This chapter examines the origins and evolution of settler identity in colonial Algeria. Dealing with the years between 1830 and 1939, it examines the process by which Europeans of diverse origins gradually merged into a distinct people, the French of Algeria. The settlers defined themselves in opposition to the native Arabs and Berbers. The Jews of Algeria were in-between: non-Muslims caught between the Christian and Muslim inhabitants of the colony. Even before World War II, native intellectuals and religious leaders were calling for liberal reforms. Social conditions (residential segregation, inequality in education, linguistic and religious differences, and avoidance of mixed marriages) kept colonizer and colonized apart. The Europeans of Algeria considered themselves French, but their identification with the metropole remained contingent.

Again, Muslims rarely accept citizen ship because it requires de facto renunciation of Islam

"During the entire colonial period, perhaps 6,000 Muslims crossed to the other side and acquired French citizenship."

WOAH -> makes a "provocative" claim that race was not the dividing line between French and Arabs/Berbers so much as ETHNICITY AND RELIGION -> in part because "phneotype" was harder to distinguish between each other -> in other words, OFFSPRING of mixed marriages were hard to identify; harder to identify than mixed children of half African or half Vietnamese descent, for instance

Evidenced by the fact that gender parity was mostly the same in Algeria, UNLIKE in other (less settlement based) colonies -> Therefore white women less prized / protected (because there's plenty of them, less of a status symbol) Also security in idea of sexual UNAVAILABILITY / sequesteredness of Muslim women.

Eviudenced by the "unimportance" of the "metis question" in Algeria compared with other colonies.

If true makes it kinda more similar to NI

"In Indochina as well as the military regions of Saharan Algeria—parts of the empire where European women were rare, and the subject population was phenotypically distinct—the legal and social position of the offspring of mixed relations was an important question. Not so in the bulk of Algeria, where the sex ratio of the settler population was near parity; the offspring of sexual relations across the settler-Muslim divide were less easy to recognize; and sequestration limited the sexual freedom of Muslim women. Provocatively, the unimportance of the métis question in colonial Algeria suggests that ethnicity and religion—not phenotype—provided the main principle of differentiation between the colony’s peoples."

"During the quarter century after 1880, only 139 marriages joined a Muslim man and a European woman; and only 126 joined a European man and a Muslim woman. Most Europeans believed that unyielding cultural differences doomed such unions to failure."

Mixing was not common -> Catholic missionaries forbiodden because "Islamic society hinged on its male-female relations." -> wanted to keep them from rebelling.

"Unlike French colonies in Oceania, Indochina, and sub-Saharan Africa, to calm the Maghreb the authorities barred conversion by Catholic missionaries. The incommensurability of Islamic society hinged on its male-female relations. Polygamy was not widespread in Algeria but accepted; so were divorce and arranged marriage. By comparison with Europeans, spouses in a Muslim marriage tended to be further apart in age.33 The rarity of Muslims—particularly girls—in public schools raised an additional barrier to intermarriage. Others came from residential segregation in the cities and the rural concentration of the Muslim population. Absence of opportunity meshed with attitudes."

This is UNLIKE everywhere else the French colonised -> tried to undertake conversions (to varying success). Islam also maybe more establsihed / entrenched here?

All this unequal / stratified / caste system "ethnocracy" COEXISTS w/ liberal republicanism

"Rather than contradicting French institutions, ethnocracy coexisted with liberal republicanism.92 Political authority and armed force backed a system of unequal rights integral to the colonial order. When the state suffered shocks, therefore, the colonial system trembled."

This is all "ethnocracy" (Whatever that means)

Basically -> PN are CONSTRUCTED identity always in flux -> Jews, for instance, are welcomed because they are French / French citizens, and yet antisemitism remains rampant. Likewise, CLOSE PROXIMITY of the society to Arabs means cultural mixing, even if denied by PN.

Againb, a creole / mixed / constructed society.

Metropolitan France considers PN to be a frontier / less "civilized" population, like Corsicans (or Ulstermen, for that matter).

"Usually contained, tensions in defining who was French would persist beyond the 1930s. French in name, the Jews provided a counterweight to the Muslim majority; yet anti-Semitism persisted among the Europeans. The French from France enjoyed prestige relative to other Europeans. Outside the colony, the metropolitans might consider their Algerian compatriots like the Corsicans: French, yes, but not as civilized. Living alongside les Arabes, native expressions and folkways rubbed off on the French. Alongside such manifestations of hybridity, comparison with so much that was not French provided an everyday reminder of difference."

Damn -> UNLIKE AUSTRALIA / US / EVEN CASTE SYSTEM IN INDIA, NO PHYSICAL SEGREGATION BETWEEN PN AND MUSLIMS: - Is a CASTE society but encourages mixing -> like in Horne though, obviously paternalistic attitudes -> every Euro had his 'good Muslim' etc. There also WERE some mixed marriages apparently

"Although they overlap, personal identity is not reducible to social identity. A small number of Europeans married non-Europeans. Friendship could cross the lines of religion. At work, in the market, and around the neighborhood, Muslim might harmonize with Christian. A doctor, nurse, teacher, administrator, or soldier might care deeply for the Muslims in their charge. Algeria was a caste society but without the walls between the Brahmin and Dalit in India. Unlike North America and Australasia, the towns and cities of Algeria bred contact between native and nonnative. Every European had their Good Arab, a cynic might wisecrack. This seems too formulaic. For starters, it dismisses the duties that honor might impose on a European’s relations with others. The civilizing mission democratized noblesse oblige. It misses the overlaps between groups, moreover, the multiple ways that social circles intersected—sometimes fleetingly, other times not."

Basically, fall of Algeria to FLN further radicalizes PN against not only Muslims but also the FIFTH REPUBLIC -> National Front and French Far Right will both benefit from / try and take advantage OF this resentment.

Again, author's argument is that French far right / NF in the latter 20th century was rooted IN decolonization and the influx / resentment of PN -> capitalises off of that populations' distrust of Muslims ("immigrants").

"Though never achieved, a melting pot of Europeans—the French of Algeria—was in the making."

"Settlers of non-French stock entered the working class that would build and maintain the colony’s roads, ports, dams, railroads, warehouses, and public buildings"

Basically, settlers of NON-French descent arrive from Malta, Italy, and Spain -> become working class subjects, in similar way Scottish Presbyterians are slightly disenfranchised / etc underclass to Anglicans.

Like Presbyterians, eventually welcomed INTO the fold while Muslims left out to dry (though, of course, Cats did enjoy far more privileges by the 20th century than Muslims did).

"A nationalization law of 1889 extended French citizenship to the Algerian-born children of non-French Europeans. "

UNLIKE plantation economies / colonies in Caribbean, France views Algeria as a SETTLER COLONIAL opportunity -> "pioneer society" of Eueopeans working their own land.

"Unlike its plantation colonies in the Caribbean or later possessions in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, France envisioned a “pacified” Algeria as a pioneer society of European smallholders working their own land.11 "

I have recently changed my bed time to

Ewww this is an App not an explanation of what a Knowledge Garden is. I hate SEO sometimes.

No wonder people switched to LLM's for search on things

NGL I can't tell if this part of the site is AI generated or not, let's check the Internet Archive

https://web.archive.org/web/20220321173208/http://www.theknowledgegarden.it/

Looks like it is the same, I don't like how this is written. So many resources void of context.

This fits as a Requirement, interesting how Obsidian is getting adopted by organizations rather than a federated wiki where people all have their own section.

This is like an Axiom of consulting

This sounds more like poetry than a description of a Knowledge Garden

DB CFG postgress optimization

database cfg pg opt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_index

James Moylan obituary: Ford designer who invented fuel arrow<br /> by [[David Phillips]] Automotive News on 2025-12-23<br /> accessed on 2026-01-04T12:46:35

https://broadviewpress.com/ I've heard rumors that they publish great annotated editions of classics.

For comparison, ANPD—describing a static site generator as an LP doc that I published in response to Jared's Show HN thread for md2blog, is 126KB. It requires no compiler, because it uses the browser's JS runtime to execute (unlike md2blog, which requires you to download Deno or a binary with Deno embedded to run it).

Note also that the numbers here also differ from the ones Jared had at the time of publication, where he had originally written:

• It's ~270 KB (static binary + templates for this site, gzip compressed)
• It builds my ~140 page site in ~150 ms (wall clock time, on an 11-year-old old laptop)
• It performs acceptably on a 28-year-old laptop, running NetBSD (Pentium 166 MHz)
• It's trivial to compile, requiring only a C compiler, make, and sed

useEditior hook is use to create a Editor instance and in it we can pass inital state of editor and extensions like to make heading, bold, italic etc for normal use case we can use StarterKit which consist of all comman Extension

but while working with collaboration make sure to disable undoRedo because it can affect the history of document

Geogenic Contamination- Naturally occurring elements or compounds, like arsenic, fluoride, or uranium that become harmful when released from rocks and soil into groundwater or surface water due to natural geological processes.

?) synthetic membranes are a cool concept with lots of uses.

?) I am curious about this. That is very interesting.

This passage seems to sum up the central idea of the article. This passage stood out to me because it brings up multiple ideas of how chemicals can get into water and elaborates on the importance of this occurring. The authors reason for this passage is to portray the central idea of the paper while providing some background information.

strategic autonomy is eroded across the stack, and across several sectors. See EU efforts wrt rare earth, the prev race on African continent etc.

when we perceive a wave, it has deep roots, true for all tech. It emerges from an ecosystem (something the US billionaires don't accept as true about themselves). n:: vgl alle tech heeft diepe wortels

bit forced analogy, without the point is clearer.

The mathematician turned recluse https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Grothendieck that inspired [[Creation Lake by Rachel Kushner]]

Assessment of the fundamental strength of China. Makes me think of Malaysia that focused on food and edu, then manufacturing, then services and IT to go within a generation from poor to upper middle income country.

Chinese market is big enough itself to iterate quickly. EV cars tip of spear for global success author says. Their lead times are typically much shorter.

I see this too. But it's a weird paragraph. Yes the automotive industry is behaving like dinosaurs in Germany, but the two examples (Mittelstand is not the automotive industry, and a medical device maker) don't connect to the rest.

China's industrial and tech power is now almost by default ahead of US (and EU), except semiconductors (ASML, NXP) and aviation (Airbus, Boeing).

this is insane

good

Let's go

gunboat diplomacy

koppermaandag bestaat sinds de vroege 1400s

Na WOII kwam het weer wat op. o.a. Groningen waar ik het ken van De Ploeg

In de 19e eeuw werd het gebruik de koppermaandagprenten aan relaties te sturen. Dat verdween in de 20 eeuw.

In de 18e eeuw hielden de gilden op te bestaan. In de grafische sector werd het toen een proeve van bekwaamheid voor gezellen.

het ging om eten en drinken.

Alleen in de grafische sector, incl de grafische kunst, is het nu nog gebruik.

Koppermaandag was oorspronkelijk voor alle gilden.

in how the values and politics of SV shifted over time

Lien à rafraichir

kenbare fout

1and 10000are both just a number when using digital payment, but in cash they had a big different.

This is why people won't get everything they want, because they don't want to lose money.

"cashless effect"cause people to spend more money because they don't get the feeling of losing money.

volledig

!!

Cripes - I understood the Permian and the Bakken to be the two biggest oil fields in the USA

Oh, wow - even I thought there was plentiful oil and gas in the US shale. This is suggesting other wise?

Wow, i had no idea such a huge share was flared. That's so wasteful! Having the EU target there for context is v helpful to show it's not normal

Evidently, as culture is political, culture is also the basis of the social contract: That is, the customs, critical thinking, revisionism, and open dialogical exchange that communities (who communicate) necessitate. Culture is the values that allow for education, and health to be considered relevant too.

How to say it... culture is what gives you motivation when you are stressed and undergoing burnout, it's what tells others to hold your hand when difficult happen, it's the steady reaction against disinformation, noise, and threats! Culture is what prevents monopolies and its consecutive dictatorships on the first place (but if left unchecked, it's also what facilitates a docile mass of passive consumerist-doomerist individuals, the Society of the Spectacle's now platform-attention capitalism).

Just to know other historical authors who defended Rosseau & Descartes' idea of culture as a means for sovereignty.

I don't need no arguments, I already feel them, I just needed to motivation of social recognition and validation by someone else.

Thanks to the Internet it was now something VIP, yet accessible to most. The content creator myth helped build the self-exploitation meritocracy ideology present today.

With the (false) atheist turn, culture was displaced to private life, no more rituals beyond family standards. Capitalism has slowly entered to change this, to make "marketable talent" out of sports and arts after-school classes, to make "free leisure" out of data stealing and ad plaguing, it has enshitified the decentralised Internet.

Metrics, metrics, metrics! Instrumentalist quantification and automation biases.

In conclusion author points out the main issues and solutions about his research.

In that sentence author gives the reader authority evidences and used it to proof his points.

of a

outdated

German

dominant

term crioulo

Jacob Lawrence 1917-2000, currently oeuvre overview in Kunsthal Kade Amersfoort

What else are they expecting? Unless they have a way to aceess the weights and activations how can they answer this qn

Not sure if prompting would be considered as trained,

What does that even mean?

Can we do some kind of abalation study where we remove all conciousness related human data from the training corpus

矛盾的

used

used

used

Dossier de Synthèse : État Limite

Synthèse Exécutive

Ce document de synthèse analyse les thèmes centraux d'un corpus de textes décrivant le quotidien d'un service de psychiatrie au sein d'un hôpital public français.

Il met en lumière une crise systémique profonde, caractérisée par une pénurie critique de moyens et de personnel, entraînant l'épuisement des soignants et une déshumanisation des soins.

Face à ce système défaillant, un psychiatre, figure centrale du document, incarne une philosophie du soin basée sur la création de liens humains et la confiance, remettant en question les logiques institutionnelles de quantification et de contention.

À travers une série d'études de cas poignantes — patients suicidaires, polytoxicomanes, psychotiques — le document expose la complexité de la souffrance psychique et les dilemmes éthiques constants auxquels les praticiens sont confrontés.

En définitive, le corpus présente la psychiatrie publique non seulement comme un domaine médical, mais comme une métaphore des tensions de la société, où la question de l'inclusion, de la productivité et de l'interdépendance humaine est posée de manière cruciale.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. La Crise Systémique de la Psychiatrie Publique

Le thème le plus prégnant est celui de l'effondrement du système hospitalier public, en particulier dans le secteur psychiatrique. Cette crise se manifeste à plusieurs niveaux interdépendants.

1.1. Pénurie de Moyens et de Personnel

Le manque de ressources est une plainte récurrente et fondamentale.

Les institutions sont décrites comme "très paupérisées" et fonctionnant avec des "moyens très faibles".

Cette situation a des conséquences directes sur la qualité des soins et la tension au sein des équipes.

• Sous-effectif chronique : Un soignant déplore que le sous-effectif soit devenu "une habitude", menant à une baisse continue des effectifs car le système "marche" malgré tout. Il estime qu'il faudrait "5, 6, 7 psychiatres de plus" dans l'hôpital.

• Conséquences matérielles : Un exemple trivial mais révélateur est celui d'un robinet aux urgences qui reste cassé pendant deux mois, alors que des graffitis sont effacés immédiatement.

• Impact sur la prise en charge : Le manque de personnel et de brancards conduit à des situations où des "choix" doivent être faits, au détriment de patients vulnérables comme les SDF, ce qu'un soignant juge inacceptable :

« Je ne suis pas rentré dans ce métier moi pour faire des choix et pour pas m'occuper d'un mec SDF ».

1.2. La Logique de Quantification Contre le Soin Relationnel

Le psychiatre principal exprime une opposition farouche à la logique de gestion comptable qui s'impose à l'hôpital, notamment la tarification à l'activité (T2A), qu'il juge incompatible avec la nature même du soin psychiatrique.

• L'inquantifiable du soin : « Le problème c'est que moi je lutte contre une logique où on ne peut pas quantifier ce que je fais [...] le traitement c'est de la relation, c'est de bâtir des relations de confiance [...] ça n'a pas de prix. »

• La dévalorisation du temps : Il compare son travail à une opération de la cataracte qui dure 15 minutes, alors que son propre travail n'est "pas prévisible" et peut nécessiter une heure juste pour lire un dossier ou apaiser une famille.

Cette non-prévisibilité justifie difficilement le salaire d'un psychiatre aux yeux d'une administration focalisée sur la productivité.

1.3. L'Épuisement et le Burnout des Soignants

La pression systémique engendre une fatigue et une détresse profondes chez le personnel soignant, allant jusqu'au burnout.

• Épuisement généralisé : Le psychiatre sent les agents de police "épuisés" lors d'une intervention. Lui-même admet être "assez anxieux", bien qu'il le cache.

• Le burnout comme symptôme : Une infirmière expérimentée, décrite comme "géniale" et "en or", se retrouve hospitalisée en tant que patiente suite à un burnout.

La cause identifiée est directement liée à "l'encadrement" et à la gestion du service, se sentant "plus utile" et "débordée".

• Impact sur les plus jeunes : Une stagiaire confie être "beaucoup plus anxieuse" et moins bien dormir depuis le début de son stage, le contact avec la souffrance réactivant ses propres angoisses.

1.4. Complicité et Déshumanisation

Le personnel se retrouve pris dans un dilemme moral, se sentant complice d'un système qui maltraite les patients par négligence structurelle.

• Le sentiment de complicité : Le psychiatre s'interroge : « Est-ce qu'on se rend pas un peu complice tu vois à faire tenir un truc qui conduit à ce que les gens viennent à l'hôpital et qui en fait ils meurent de notre négligence tu vois ? »

• Perte de sens : Cette situation mène à un découragement profond : « Si c'est pour faire le travail comme ça je te cache pas que moi ça me décourage aussi. »

• Déconstruction de l'idéal du service public : Un confrère assène au psychiatre une vérité crue :

« Ils en ont rien à faire tu sais si les patients meurent à l'hôpital public [...] on vit maintenant dans une société où les établissements publics ne remplissent plus du tout leur valeur d'intérêt général. »

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2. Une Philosophie du Soin Centrée sur l'Humain

En contrepoint à la faillite du système, le psychiatre principal développe et applique une philosophie du soin résolument humaniste, basée sur le lien et une critique de l'institution.

2.1. Le Lien Thérapeutique comme Fondement

Au cœur de sa pratique se trouve la conviction que le soin réside avant tout dans la relation interpersonnelle.

• L'interdépendance fondamentale : « Le seule chose qui me paraît être du soin tu vois c'est de se dire on a besoin les uns des autres on est absolument dépendant les uns des autres il faut pas le fuir. »

• Créer des conditions non nuisibles : Il définit son rôle comme celui de créer "des conditions non nuisibles, j'espère le moins nuisible possible et après j'espère qu'il va arriver quelque chose mais c'est pas moi qui décide si ça va arriver ou pas."

• Le suivi comme clé : Il insiste auprès d'un patient alcoolique que le seul conseil qu'il peut donner est que "ce qui va marcher, c'est le suivi".

2.2. Une Approche Critique de l'Institution Psychiatrique

Son parcours personnel et ses convictions le poussent à remettre en cause les fondements de la psychiatrie traditionnelle.

• Une vocation de "désingueur" : Il raconte avoir choisi cette spécialité pour "désinguer la psychiatrie", trouvant que "ça n'allait pas de soi [...] le fait d'enfermer les gens, le fait de les prendre un peu pour des idiots".

• Une vision politique et sociale : Il souhaitait s'inscrire dans une "dimension plus politique plus social", ce que la psychiatrie lui permet.

• L'utopie d'une psychiatrie dissoute dans la société : Son objectif ultime est qu'il n'y ait "plus de psychiatrie", non pas par absence de soin, mais parce que la société aurait appris à "prendre tous soin des autres", assignant une place et une existence sociale à chacun, même à ceux qui voient le monde de manière "un peu déraisonnable".

2.3. Les Dilemmes Éthiques de la Pratique

Le psychiatre est constamment confronté à des choix difficiles qui mettent en balance la liberté du patient, sa sécurité et le cadre légal.

• Liberté vs. Protection (Cas de Solange) : Avec une patiente psychotique qui souhaite rester en France contre l'avis de sa famille, il verbalise son dilemme : « C'est la position impossible du psychiatre, il a envie de répondre a priori à votre liberté et en même temps mon pouvoir est tel que comme vous n'êtes pas dans le cadre de la raison je dois vous priver pour vous renvoyer chez vous et ça c'est un dilemme pour moi qui est très difficile. »

• Usage de la force et de la contention : Face à un patient intoxiqué, agité et refusant les soins, il est contraint de passer de la parole à la force. Après avoir tenté de négocier, il conclut :

« On a essayé de jouer les choses avec la parole je pense qu'on va pas y arriver [...] à mon avis on a pas le choix. » Il ordonne une sédation et une contention physique, malgré l'opposition véhémente du patient.

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3. Portraits de la Souffrance Psychique : Études de Cas

Le document est jalonné de rencontres avec des patients dont les histoires illustrent la diversité et la profondeur de la détresse psychique.

| Patient(e) / Situation | Problématique Principale | Détails Clés | | --- | --- | --- | | Alienor | Tentative de suicide, polytraumatisme, relations familiales | A perdu ses deux jambes et un avant-bras après avoir chuté d'un pont et avoir été percutée par un train. Sa sœur refuse de la voir tant qu'elle n'aura pas la "preuve exacte" qu'elle ne fera "aucune connerie pendant au moins 6 mois". Le psychiatre nuance sa responsabilité en pointant une prescription précoce et massive de benzodiazépines. | | Patient avec phobies d'impulsion | Re-diagnostic de trouble bipolaire (au lieu de schizophrénie) | Décrit des "phobies d'impulsion" : une peur obsédante de se jeter sous le métro ou par une fenêtre ouverte, bien qu'il n'en ait pas l'envie. Il met en place des stratégies d'évitement. | | Solange, "la théologienne" | Épisode psychotique ("voyage des fous"), autonomie | Se dit "en voyage", refuse les neuroleptiques. Le psychiatre pèse le risque de la laisser "livrée à elle-même" contre son désir de rester en France au sein d'une communauté religieuse. Il décide finalement de la laisser partir. | | Windy | Addictions, mal-être adolescent, échec thérapeutique | Jeune patient suivi par le psychiatre, participant à un atelier théâtre. Malgré le lien créé, il est retrouvé mort d'une overdose. Sa mort est un choc pour le psychiatre, symbolisant l'échec de sa mission : "on doit les empêcher de se buter avant qu'ils arrivent à trouver leur place". | | Jeune homme avec pancréatite | Douleur chronique, angoisse existentielle, idées noires | Souffre de douleurs intenses et exprime sa peur de tomber dans l'addiction aux opiacés. Il déclare : "Je sais pas jusqu'où je serais prêt à aller pour les faire cesser \[les douleurs\]". Son regard est décrit comme empreint de "mélancolie". | | Patient kidnappé et torturé | Traumatisme psychique sévère | Raconte avoir été enlevé par 15 à 20 personnes, frappé, et enfermé dans un coffre de voiture. Le psychiatre l'écoute et lui offre un cadre sécurisant pour la nuit. | | Patient intoxiqué et agité | Polytoxicomanie, refus de soins, mise en danger | Revendique son droit à se faire du mal (« Si ce n'est qu'à moi ça me regarde »). Son état d'intoxication rend toute discussion impossible, forçant l'équipe à recourir à la contention physique et à la sédation pour le protéger. | | Patiente et son anniversaire | Traumatisme, deuil, culpabilité | La patiente se met en danger à l'approche de son anniversaire. Elle révèle que c'est le jour où une amie est décédée dans un accident de voiture en venant la voir. Elle se sent responsable : « Je dis que c'est ma faute ». |

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4. La Psychiatrie comme Enjeu Social

Au-delà des cas cliniques, la pratique psychiatrique est présentée comme un miroir des valeurs et des dysfonctionnements de la société contemporaine.

4.1. L'Exclusion du "Fou" dans l'Environnement Urbain

Le psychiatre analyse comment l'organisation de la société moderne marginalise structurellement les personnes atteintes de troubles psychiques.

• La perte de "l'idiot du village" : Il oppose le village, où l'on peut avoir de la "sollicitude" pour la personne différente, à la "cité urbaine" qui est un facteur de risque pour les maladies psychiatriques.

• La logique de productivité : Dans un environnement urbain "réfléchi pour permettre à des populations d'être productives", le "fou" est exclu car "il n'est pas productif, il ne sert à rien, il ne produit rien et puis il a un coût en plus". L'institution devient alors le lieu où on le met à l'écart sous prétexte de le soigner.

4.2. Le Soin comme Acte de Résistance

Face à ce constat, chaque acte de soin centré sur la relation devient un acte politique de résistance contre la déshumanisation et l'isolement.

L'organisation d'un atelier de théâtre avec des jeunes patients, où ils jouent Molière, est une illustration de cette démarche, visant à recréer du lien social, de la confiance en soi et une existence au-delà du statut de malade.

La finalité est de réaffirmer que, malgré la maladie, une place dans la communauté est non seulement possible, mais nécessaire.

used

used

A vulnerability in Notepad++. Blast from the past, I used it a lot in the 00s until I switched to Mac early 2008. The vulnerability is in the updater for Notepad++ and can be exploited by a man in the middle attack. Newest version should be ok. Mostly fun it is still around, and gets a Dutch gov vuln warning.

Jorge Arango on the book [[Superagency by Reid Hoffman Greg Beato]], wrt how to look at AI.

commented here on h. "Wrt permanence, my own h. bookmarks and annotations flow directly into my local notes, through the h. API.

The h. software is open sourced, so theoretically one would be able to run their own instance of it. Except for the social function of it. Like you I follow Chris Aldrich annotations feed (which is how I ended up here), and several others. When others bookmark the same stuff I do but use very different tags for it, is where it gets interesting. Like years ago in the del.icio.us bookmarking service, the difference in tags signifies a social or sectoral distance. Basically you're finding a sliver of overlap between two different mindsets / contexts / interests. I then can add those people to the feeds I follow."

La Santé des Adolescents : Évolutions et Défis sur Trente Ans

Synthèse Exécutive

Ce document de synthèse analyse l'évolution de la santé et du bien-être des adolescents (10-19 ans) en France sur les trente dernières années, sur la base du rapport du Haut Conseil de la santé publique (HCSP).

Le bilan est contrasté, révélant des améliorations notables aux côtés de dégradations profondes et préoccupantes.

Les principales améliorations concernent la mortalité, qui a été divisée par deux depuis 1990, et une baisse de la consommation de substances psychoactives traditionnelles comme le tabac et l'alcool.

Cependant, ces progrès sont assombris par une détérioration progressive et marquée de la santé mentale, particulièrement chez les filles, et accentuée par la pandémie de Covid-19.

Le rapport met en lumière un déclin alarmant de la condition physique, avec une baisse de 13 % de la capacité cardio-respiratoire, et l'ancrage de modes de vie délétères.

On observe une augmentation exponentielle du temps d'écran, une baisse drastique de l'activité physique et une dette de sommeil chronique.

Parallèlement, la stabilisation à un niveau élevé du surpoids et de l'obésité demeure un enjeu majeur.

La socialisation des adolescents a été bouleversée par le numérique, entraînant de nouveaux risques tels que le cyberharcèlement et un sentiment de solitude croissant.

Si l'âge du premier rapport sexuel reste stable, la santé sexuelle se dégrade avec une hausse des Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (IST) et une baisse de l'usage du préservatif.

Enfin, les inégalités sociales et territoriales de santé (ISTS) se creusent durant l'adolescence, affectant de manière disproportionnée la santé mentale et la surcharge pondérale des jeunes issus de milieux défavorisés.

Les politiques publiques évoluent vers une approche plus préventive, mais la reconnaissance des adolescents comme un groupe spécifique avec des besoins distincts reste insuffisante.

1. Contexte et Approche du Rapport

Face aux transformations majeures de notre époque (numérique, pandémies, polycrises), le Haut Conseil de la santé publique (HCSP) a réalisé une analyse approfondie de l'évolution de la santé des adolescents sur trois décennies.

• Période d'étude : Les 30 dernières années.

• Population cible : Les adolescents, définis comme la tranche d'âge de 10 à 19 ans.

• Approche méthodologique : Le rapport s'appuie sur une analyse socio-anthropologique combinant données quantitatives, qualitatives et une analyse de l'environnement.

L'adolescence est considérée comme une phase de construction identitaire, dont la durée s'est allongée, marquée par des tensions entre autonomie et dépendance.

2. Tendances Démographiques et Sanitaires Générales

Mortalité et Morbidité

• Mortalité : Le taux de mortalité global chez les adolescents a été divisé par deux depuis 1990. Les 10-14 ans présentent le plus faible taux de mortalité.

Chez les 15-19 ans, les accidents de la route et les suicides demeurent les causes principales de décès.

• Morbidité : Les troubles mentaux (anxiété, dépression) et l'asthme sont les principales causes de morbidité.

On note un recul significatif des blessures liées aux accidents (-71,1 %), des violences (-44,8 %) et des blessures involontaires (-29,4 %). Les filles sont deux fois plus touchées par la dépression et l'anxiété que les garçons.

3. La Santé Mentale : Une Préoccupation Majeure

Bien qu'une majorité d'adolescents se perçoivent en bonne santé mentale, une dégradation progressive est observée depuis 30 ans, avec une accélération notable depuis la pandémie de Covid-19.

• Tendances : Les conditions socio-économiques défavorables et le contexte de polycrise ont un impact négatif direct.

• Disparités de genre : Les filles sont particulièrement concernées, exprimant deux fois plus de plaintes psychologiques que les garçons.

Le changement climatique est identifié comme une nouvelle menace pour la santé mentale des adolescents.

4. Comportements, Consommations et Santé Sexuelle

Consommation de Substances Psychoactives

L'adolescence reste une période d'expérimentation, mais les tendances de consommation ont évolué.

• Baisse : Une tendance générale à la baisse est observée pour l'expérimentation et l'usage régulier d'alcool et de tabac.

• Stabilité : La consommation de cannabis s'est stabilisée.

• Hausse : L'usage de la e-cigarette est en forte augmentation, dépassant désormais celui du tabac.

La consommation de poppers et de protoxyde d'azote est également en hausse.

Santé Sexuelle

• Comportements : L'âge du premier rapport sexuel est stable, mais les proportions de collégiens et lycéens l'ayant eu diminuent.

L'exposition à la pornographie est massive (deux tiers des moins de 15 ans).

• Prévention : L'usage du préservatif est en baisse, tandis que le recours à la contraception d'urgence augmente.

La pilule est moins utilisée au profit des dispositifs intra-utérins.

• IST : Les infections sexuellement transmissibles sont en progression, notamment les infections à Chlamydia et à gonocoque.

• Éducation : Un programme d'éducation à la vie affective, relationnelle et à la sexualité doit être déployé à la rentrée 2025-2026.

5. Santé Physique et Modes de Vie : Un Bilan Inquiétant

Croissance et Condition Physique

• Puberté et Poids : La puberté débute plus tôt, surtout chez les filles, un phénomène associé au surpoids et à l'obésité.

Après une forte hausse jusqu'en 2005, les taux de surpoids (15 %) et d'obésité (3,5 %) se sont stabilisés à un niveau élevé, particulièrement dans les milieux défavorisés.

• Condition Physique : Une détérioration majeure est constatée, avec une baisse de 13 % de la capacité cardio-respiratoire depuis les années 2000.

Habitudes de Vie

• Activité Physique : Le niveau est en forte baisse et très faible (seuls 12 % atteignent les recommandations).

La France se classe mal au niveau international (119e sur 146 pays). La prévalence de l'inactivité a augmenté de 85 %.

• Temps d'écran : Il a connu une hausse exponentielle, passant de 2h/jour dans les années 90 à 5h en 2016. Seuls 20 % des adolescents respectent les seuils recommandés.

• Sommeil : La durée est insuffisante et en baisse. La dette de sommeil est importante (près de 2h chez les 15-17 ans) et les troubles du sommeil touchent environ 40 % des adolescents.

• Alimentation : La consommation de fruits et légumes stagne à un niveau bas, tandis que celle des snacks, plats préparés et boissons sucrées augmente. Le petit déjeuner quotidien est en baisse.

6. L'Environnement Social, Numérique et Éducatif

Socialisation, Violence et Relations

• Socialisation : Le smartphone et les technologies numériques ont profondément transformé la socialisation, avec des effets différenciés selon le genre et le milieu social.

On observe une polarisation des opinions mais peu de radicalisation.

• Violence et Harcèlement : Le harcèlement scolaire diminue, mais le cyberharcèlement augmente, visant particulièrement les filles.

Les violences verbales et sexuelles sont en hausse, tandis que les violences physiques et matérielles reculent.

Les violences intra-familiales, notamment sexuelles, augmentent et ont des effets durables sur la santé mentale.

• Isolement : Le sentiment de solitude est en forte progression, surtout chez les filles.

Environnement Éducatif

L'école a connu de profondes transformations (réformes, numérique, inclusion).

Le lien entre santé, bien-être et apprentissage est de plus en plus mis en avant, évoluant d'une approche centrée sur le risque à une approche systémique visant à créer un milieu de vie favorable à la santé.

7. Tableau Synthétique des Évolutions sur 30 ans

Le tableau suivant résume les principaux constats et leur évolution sur trois décennies.

| Catégorie | Observations | Évolution en 30 ans | | --- | --- | --- | | Démographie | | | | Mortalité | Causes principales : Accidents de la voie publique, suicides. Taux plus élevé chez les garçons. | (Amélioration) Baisse régulière de la mortalité. | | Morbidité | Causes principales : Anxiété, dépression, asthme. Dépression et anxiété deux fois plus fréquentes chez les filles. | (Amélioration) Baisse des blessures accidentelles (-71,1%), des violences (-44,8%), des blessures involontaires (-29,4%) et des cancers (-36,2%). | | Santé Mentale | | | | Santé mentale | Impact négatif des conditions socio-économiques et des polycrises. Les filles expriment 2 fois plus de plaintes. | (Aggravation) Dégradation progressive, aggravée depuis la pandémie de Covid-19, plus marquée chez les filles. | | Substances | | | | Alcool | Première substance consommée. | (Amélioration) Tendance à la baisse de l'expérimentation et de l'usage régulier. | | Tabac / E-cigarette | L'usage de l'e-cigarette est supérieur à celui du tabac. | (Amélioration) Baisse de la consommation de tabac.<br>(Aggravation) Forte augmentation de la consommation d’e-cigarette. | | Cannabis | Consommation plus forte chez les lycéens. | (Stabilité) Stabilisation de la consommation. | | Santé Physique | | | | Croissance / Puberté | Prévalences élevées de surpoids et d'obésité. | (Stabilité) Stabilisation des paramètres de croissance, du surpoids et de l'obésité.<br>(Aggravation) Début de la puberté féminine de plus en plus jeune. | | Condition physique | Faible capacité cardio-respiratoire et musculaire. | (Aggravation) Forte diminution de la capacité respiratoire et musculaire depuis les années 2000. | | Socialisation | | | | Socialisation | Autonomisation par paliers. Sociabilités cruciales pour la santé. | (Changement majeur) Socialisation bouleversée par l'arrivée du smartphone et des technologies numériques. | | Santé Sexuelle | | | | Âge du premier rapport | Stabilité depuis une dizaine d'années. | (Tendance) Diminution des proportions de jeunes ayant eu un premier rapport. | | Utilisation du préservatif | \- | (Aggravation) Baisse de l'utilisation. | | IST | Taux élevé d'infections à Chlamydia. | (Aggravation) Augmentation des déclarations d'infections à gonocoque. | | Violence/Harcèlement | | | | Violence / Harcèlement | Incidents graves en milieu scolaire élevés. | (Aggravation) Augmentation du cyberharcèlement et des violences sexuelles.<br>(Amélioration) Diminution des crimes et délits. | | Mode de Vie | | | | Activité Physique | Niveau très faible (12% atteignent les recommandations). | (Aggravation) Augmentation de la prévalence de l'inactivité (+85%). | | Comportements sédentaires | Niveau très élevé (plus de 70% ne respectent pas les recommandations). | (Aggravation) Augmentation exponentielle du temps d'écran. | | Sommeil | Durée insuffisante et dette de sommeil importante. | (Aggravation) Diminution de la durée de sommeil et augmentation des troubles du sommeil. | | Alimentation | \- | (Aggravation) Augmentation des produits type snack et des boissons sucrées.<br>(Amélioration) Diminution du grignotage. | | Environnement | | | | Relations | Digitalisation des pratiques culturelles. | (Aggravation) Sentiment d'isolement en forte progression, surtout chez les filles. | | Inégalités (ISTS) | S'accentuent avec la crise sanitaire. | (Aggravation) Augmentation des ISTS, notamment pour la surcharge pondérale et la santé mentale. |

8. Synthèse des Recommandations

Pour répondre à ces défis, le HCSP propose une série de recommandations systémiques visant à améliorer la santé des adolescents.

Axe 1 : Créer des Environnements Favorables

• Aménager l'environnement pour modifier les comportements et encourager la mobilité active (marche, vélo).

• Créer des environnements favorables à la libération de la parole sur les sujets de santé mentale et de violence.

• Anticiper et répondre aux effets du changement climatique sur la santé des adolescents.

• Mobiliser les associations socio-culturelles et sportives dans l'éducation à la santé, en cohérence avec l'Éducation nationale et la santé publique.

Axe 2 : Renforcer les Politiques Publiques et la Prévention

• Développer la participation des jeunes dans l'élaboration des politiques publiques qui les concernent.

• Mettre en œuvre une politique publique intersectorielle d'éducation au numérique.

• Poursuivre la dénormalisation du tabac et développer celle de l'alcool.

• Produire des stratégies de surveillance et d'encadrement de la vente et de l'usage de la e-cigarette par les mineurs.

• Évaluer et poursuivre le déploiement des programmes de lutte contre les différentes formes de violence.

Axe 3 : Améliorer le Repérage, le Dépistage et la Prise en Charge

• Développer des outils de repérage des signes d'alerte et de dépistage précoce des troubles (anxiété, dépression).

• Former les acteurs de première ligne (enseignants, animateurs, médecins) à ces outils.

• Développer la dimension préventive de la prise en charge en santé.

Axe 4 : Éduquer, Sensibiliser et Accompagner

• Adapter et différencier les messages de santé publique (activité physique, alimentation, sexualité) pour qu'ils soient pertinents pour les adolescents.

• Inciter les parents et les proches à encourager l'activité physique et à réduire les temps d'écran.

• Mettre en œuvre des programmes de soutien à la parentalité.

• Promouvoir et éduquer à l'importance du sommeil naturel (durée, qualité, rythme).

Axe 5 : Développer la Recherche et les Données

• Mesurer périodiquement les déterminants de la santé des adolescents.

• Développer des recherches utilisant des méthodes fiables et objectives, notamment sur le sommeil.

• Mettre en place une surveillance du démarrage pubertaire.

• Disposer de données spécifiques par âge, sexe et genre pour mieux comprendre les phénomènes.

• Compléter les indicateurs de santé sexuelle avec des dimensions qualitatives (satisfaction, plaisir, respect des droits).

La Santé des Adolescents : Évolutions et Défis sur Trente Ans

Synthèse Exécutive

Ce document de synthèse analyse l'évolution de la santé et du bien-être des adolescents (10-19 ans) en France sur les trente dernières années, sur la base du rapport du Haut Conseil de la santé publique (HCSP).

Le bilan est contrasté, révélant des améliorations notables aux côtés de dégradations profondes et préoccupantes.

Les principales améliorations concernent la mortalité, qui a été divisée par deux depuis 1990, et une baisse de la consommation de substances psychoactives traditionnelles comme le tabac et l'alcool.

Cependant, ces progrès sont assombris par une détérioration progressive et marquée de la santé mentale, particulièrement chez les filles, et accentuée par la pandémie de Covid-19.

Le rapport met en lumière un déclin alarmant de la condition physique, avec une baisse de 13 % de la capacité cardio-respiratoire, et l'ancrage de modes de vie délétères.

On observe une augmentation exponentielle du temps d'écran, une baisse drastique de l'activité physique et une dette de sommeil chronique.

Parallèlement, la stabilisation à un niveau élevé du surpoids et de l'obésité demeure un enjeu majeur.

La socialisation des adolescents a été bouleversée par le numérique, entraînant de nouveaux risques tels que le cyberharcèlement et un sentiment de solitude croissant.

Si l'âge du premier rapport sexuel reste stable, la santé sexuelle se dégrade avec une hausse des Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (IST) et une baisse de l'usage du préservatif.

Enfin, les inégalités sociales et territoriales de santé (ISTS) se creusent durant l'adolescence, affectant de manière disproportionnée la santé mentale et la surcharge pondérale des jeunes issus de milieux défavorisés.

Les politiques publiques évoluent vers une approche plus préventive, mais la reconnaissance des adolescents comme un groupe spécifique avec des besoins distincts reste insuffisante.

1. Contexte et Approche du Rapport

Face aux transformations majeures de notre époque (numérique, pandémies, polycrises), le Haut Conseil de la santé publique (HCSP) a réalisé une analyse approfondie de l'évolution de la santé des adolescents sur trois décennies.

• Période d'étude : Les 30 dernières années.

• Population cible : Les adolescents, définis comme la tranche d'âge de 10 à 19 ans.

• Approche méthodologique : Le rapport s'appuie sur une analyse socio-anthropologique combinant données quantitatives, qualitatives et une analyse de l'environnement.

L'adolescence est considérée comme une phase de construction identitaire, dont la durée s'est allongée, marquée par des tensions entre autonomie et dépendance.

2. Tendances Démographiques et Sanitaires Générales

Mortalité et Morbidité

• Mortalité : Le taux de mortalité global chez les adolescents a été divisé par deux depuis 1990. Les 10-14 ans présentent le plus faible taux de mortalité.

Chez les 15-19 ans, les accidents de la route et les suicides demeurent les causes principales de décès.

• Morbidité : Les troubles mentaux (anxiété, dépression) et l'asthme sont les principales causes de morbidité.

On note un recul significatif des blessures liées aux accidents (-71,1 %), des violences (-44,8 %) et des blessures involontaires (-29,4 %). Les filles sont deux fois plus touchées par la dépression et l'anxiété que les garçons.

3. La Santé Mentale : Une Préoccupation Majeure

Bien qu'une majorité d'adolescents se perçoivent en bonne santé mentale, une dégradation progressive est observée depuis 30 ans, avec une accélération notable depuis la pandémie de Covid-19.

• Tendances : Les conditions socio-économiques défavorables et le contexte de polycrise ont un impact négatif direct.

• Disparités de genre : Les filles sont particulièrement concernées, exprimant deux fois plus de plaintes psychologiques que les garçons.

Le changement climatique est identifié comme une nouvelle menace pour la santé mentale des adolescents.

4. Comportements, Consommations et Santé Sexuelle

Consommation de Substances Psychoactives

L'adolescence reste une période d'expérimentation, mais les tendances de consommation ont évolué.

• Baisse : Une tendance générale à la baisse est observée pour l'expérimentation et l'usage régulier d'alcool et de tabac.

• Stabilité : La consommation de cannabis s'est stabilisée.

• Hausse : L'usage de la e-cigarette est en forte augmentation, dépassant désormais celui du tabac.

La consommation de poppers et de protoxyde d'azote est également en hausse.

Santé Sexuelle

• Comportements : L'âge du premier rapport sexuel est stable, mais les proportions de collégiens et lycéens l'ayant eu diminuent.

L'exposition à la pornographie est massive (deux tiers des moins de 15 ans).

• Prévention : L'usage du préservatif est en baisse, tandis que le recours à la contraception d'urgence augmente.

La pilule est moins utilisée au profit des dispositifs intra-utérins.

• IST : Les infections sexuellement transmissibles sont en progression, notamment les infections à Chlamydia et à gonocoque.

• Éducation : Un programme d'éducation à la vie affective, relationnelle et à la sexualité doit être déployé à la rentrée 2025-2026.

5. Santé Physique et Modes de Vie : Un Bilan Inquiétant

Croissance et Condition Physique

• Puberté et Poids : La puberté débute plus tôt, surtout chez les filles, un phénomène associé au surpoids et à l'obésité.

Après une forte hausse jusqu'en 2005, les taux de surpoids (15 %) et d'obésité (3,5 %) se sont stabilisés à un niveau élevé, particulièrement dans les milieux défavorisés.

• Condition Physique : Une détérioration majeure est constatée, avec une baisse de 13 % de la capacité cardio-respiratoire depuis les années 2000.

Habitudes de Vie

• Activité Physique : Le niveau est en forte baisse et très faible (seuls 12 % atteignent les recommandations).

La France se classe mal au niveau international (119e sur 146 pays). La prévalence de l'inactivité a augmenté de 85 %.

• Temps d'écran : Il a connu une hausse exponentielle, passant de 2h/jour dans les années 90 à 5h en 2016. Seuls 20 % des adolescents respectent les seuils recommandés.

• Sommeil : La durée est insuffisante et en baisse. La dette de sommeil est importante (près de 2h chez les 15-17 ans) et les troubles du sommeil touchent environ 40 % des adolescents.

• Alimentation : La consommation de fruits et légumes stagne à un niveau bas, tandis que celle des snacks, plats préparés et boissons sucrées augmente. Le petit déjeuner quotidien est en baisse.

6. L'Environnement Social, Numérique et Éducatif

Socialisation, Violence et Relations

• Socialisation : Le smartphone et les technologies numériques ont profondément transformé la socialisation, avec des effets différenciés selon le genre et le milieu social.

On observe une polarisation des opinions mais peu de radicalisation.

• Violence et Harcèlement : Le harcèlement scolaire diminue, mais le cyberharcèlement augmente, visant particulièrement les filles.

Les violences verbales et sexuelles sont en hausse, tandis que les violences physiques et matérielles reculent.

Les violences intra-familiales, notamment sexuelles, augmentent et ont des effets durables sur la santé mentale.

• Isolement : Le sentiment de solitude est en forte progression, surtout chez les filles.

Environnement Éducatif

L'école a connu de profondes transformations (réformes, numérique, inclusion).

Le lien entre santé, bien-être et apprentissage est de plus en plus mis en avant, évoluant d'une approche centrée sur le risque à une approche systémique visant à créer un milieu de vie favorable à la santé.

7. Tableau Synthétique des Évolutions sur 30 ans

Le tableau suivant résume les principaux constats et leur évolution sur trois décennies.

| Catégorie | Observations | Évolution en 30 ans | | --- | --- | --- | | Démographie | | | | Mortalité | Causes principales : Accidents de la voie publique, suicides. Taux plus élevé chez les garçons. | (Amélioration) Baisse régulière de la mortalité. | | Morbidité | Causes principales : Anxiété, dépression, asthme. Dépression et anxiété deux fois plus fréquentes chez les filles. | (Amélioration) Baisse des blessures accidentelles (-71,1%), des violences (-44,8%), des blessures involontaires (-29,4%) et des cancers (-36,2%). | | Santé Mentale | | | | Santé mentale | Impact négatif des conditions socio-économiques et des polycrises. Les filles expriment 2 fois plus de plaintes. | (Aggravation) Dégradation progressive, aggravée depuis la pandémie de Covid-19, plus marquée chez les filles. | | Substances | | | | Alcool | Première substance consommée. | (Amélioration) Tendance à la baisse de l'expérimentation et de l'usage régulier. | | Tabac / E-cigarette | L'usage de l'e-cigarette est supérieur à celui du tabac. | (Amélioration) Baisse de la consommation de tabac.<br>(Aggravation) Forte augmentation de la consommation d’e-cigarette. | | Cannabis | Consommation plus forte chez les lycéens. | (Stabilité) Stabilisation de la consommation. | | Santé Physique | | | | Croissance / Puberté | Prévalences élevées de surpoids et d'obésité. | (Stabilité) Stabilisation des paramètres de croissance, du surpoids et de l'obésité.<br>(Aggravation) Début de la puberté féminine de plus en plus jeune. | | Condition physique | Faible capacité cardio-respiratoire et musculaire. | (Aggravation) Forte diminution de la capacité respiratoire et musculaire depuis les années 2000. | | Socialisation | | | | Socialisation | Autonomisation par paliers. Sociabilités cruciales pour la santé. | (Changement majeur) Socialisation bouleversée par l'arrivée du smartphone et des technologies numériques. | | Santé Sexuelle | | | | Âge du premier rapport | Stabilité depuis une dizaine d'années. | (Tendance) Diminution des proportions de jeunes ayant eu un premier rapport. | | Utilisation du préservatif | \- | (Aggravation) Baisse de l'utilisation. | | IST | Taux élevé d'infections à Chlamydia. | (Aggravation) Augmentation des déclarations d'infections à gonocoque. | | Violence/Harcèlement | | | | Violence / Harcèlement | Incidents graves en milieu scolaire élevés. | (Aggravation) Augmentation du cyberharcèlement et des violences sexuelles.<br>(Amélioration) Diminution des crimes et délits. | | Mode de Vie | | | | Activité Physique | Niveau très faible (12% atteignent les recommandations). | (Aggravation) Augmentation de la prévalence de l'inactivité (+85%). | | Comportements sédentaires | Niveau très élevé (plus de 70% ne respectent pas les recommandations). | (Aggravation) Augmentation exponentielle du temps d'écran. | | Sommeil | Durée insuffisante et dette de sommeil importante. | (Aggravation) Diminution de la durée de sommeil et augmentation des troubles du sommeil. | | Alimentation | \- | (Aggravation) Augmentation des produits type snack et des boissons sucrées.<br>(Amélioration) Diminution du grignotage. | | Environnement | | | | Relations | Digitalisation des pratiques culturelles. | (Aggravation) Sentiment d'isolement en forte progression, surtout chez les filles. | | Inégalités (ISTS) | S'accentuent avec la crise sanitaire. | (Aggravation) Augmentation des ISTS, notamment pour la surcharge pondérale et la santé mentale. |

8. Synthèse des Recommandations

Pour répondre à ces défis, le HCSP propose une série de recommandations systémiques visant à améliorer la santé des adolescents.

Axe 1 : Créer des Environnements Favorables

• Aménager l'environnement pour modifier les comportements et encourager la mobilité active (marche, vélo).

• Créer des environnements favorables à la libération de la parole sur les sujets de santé mentale et de violence.

• Anticiper et répondre aux effets du changement climatique sur la santé des adolescents.

• Mobiliser les associations socio-culturelles et sportives dans l'éducation à la santé, en cohérence avec l'Éducation nationale et la santé publique.

Axe 2 : Renforcer les Politiques Publiques et la Prévention

• Développer la participation des jeunes dans l'élaboration des politiques publiques qui les concernent.

• Mettre en œuvre une politique publique intersectorielle d'éducation au numérique.

• Poursuivre la dénormalisation du tabac et développer celle de l'alcool.

• Produire des stratégies de surveillance et d'encadrement de la vente et de l'usage de la e-cigarette par les mineurs.

• Évaluer et poursuivre le déploiement des programmes de lutte contre les différentes formes de violence.

Axe 3 : Améliorer le Repérage, le Dépistage et la Prise en Charge

• Développer des outils de repérage des signes d'alerte et de dépistage précoce des troubles (anxiété, dépression).

• Former les acteurs de première ligne (enseignants, animateurs, médecins) à ces outils.

• Développer la dimension préventive de la prise en charge en santé.

Axe 4 : Éduquer, Sensibiliser et Accompagner

• Adapter et différencier les messages de santé publique (activité physique, alimentation, sexualité) pour qu'ils soient pertinents pour les adolescents.

• Inciter les parents et les proches à encourager l'activité physique et à réduire les temps d'écran.

• Mettre en œuvre des programmes de soutien à la parentalité.

• Promouvoir et éduquer à l'importance du sommeil naturel (durée, qualité, rythme).

Axe 5 : Développer la Recherche et les Données

• Mesurer périodiquement les déterminants de la santé des adolescents.

• Développer des recherches utilisant des méthodes fiables et objectives, notamment sur le sommeil.

• Mettre en place une surveillance du démarrage pubertaire.

• Disposer de données spécifiques par âge, sexe et genre pour mieux comprendre les phénomènes.

• Compléter les indicateurs de santé sexuelle avec des dimensions qualitatives (satisfaction, plaisir, respect des droits).

Podany, Amanda H. 2018. Ancient Mesopotamia: Life in the Cradel of Civilization - Course Guidebook. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company.

Purrli generates the sound of a purring cat, for relaxation. You can set several attributes to tune the purring to your liking. Only the Open Web...

https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1jkw9j7/i_dont_know_what_happened_dont_do_what_i_did/<br /> u/severrinX

https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q3eqxc/salmon_torpedo_18b/<br /> u/severrinX

Kuehn, Manfred. 2014. “Some Idiosyncratic Reflections on Note-Taking in General and ConnectedText in Particular.” ConnectedText - The Personal Wiki System. https://web.archive.org/web/20140215043743/http://www.connectedtext.com/manfred.php (January 3, 2026).

original source?

original source?

Manfred Kuehn talking about his use of ConnectedText as a note taking application.

Wanting to come up with and use knowledge hierarchies seems almost endemic to the beginning note taker. Kuehn's observation here closely matches my experience in watching newcomers to the note taking/zettelkasten space on Reddit.com and other fora over the past 8 years or so.

surprise, communication, chaos, secondary memory (Zweitgedächtnis) = combinatorial creativity

I'm pretty sure I've come across all these examples before, many from Kuehn in other contexts...

I HAVE read this before, but Hypothes.is isn't showing the matching document. See: https://hypothes.is/users/chrisaldrich?q=url%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.connectedtext.com%2Fmanfred.php%22

I love Kuehn's reading/understanding of Webb's work here:

"Relationships and classification can come in at any time, but it is not of prime importance that we observe them in note-taking, at least at first."

Movement from index cards to wikis in early 2002 by Manfred Kuehn.

Manfred Kuehn used Ecco Pro to index his notebooks in a hybrid analog/digital system.

5,500 note cards / (11 years * 365 days/year) = approximately 1.4 notes per day

Some observations on digital note taking with an app from someone who'd previously spent time using card indexes.

I am very curious that how the speed and scale of social media transformed a single tweet into a collective spectacle. The ethical issue is not only about the original offensive post, but also about how platforms and users amplify harm through attention, speculation, and public shaming before the person involved has any ability to respond. This raises questions about proportionality and due process in online accountability.

I regard Confucian ethics as something that could be emphasized more on reasoning, which evaluates ethical behavior through social relationships and the responsibilities attached to each role. This perspective is especially relevant for social media ethics, where harms and obligations are often relational rather than purely individual.

Interesting example of a digital tool mimicking a well known analog tool for its user interface.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecco_Pro<br /> Ecco Pro

E-books are expensive for libraries. Some states are trying to change that<br /> by [[Clare McGrane]] for NPR<br /> accessed on 2026-01-03T19:44:28

Rugg, Gordon and Petre, Marian. 2020. The Unwritten Rules of PhD Research. 3rd ed. Open University Press.

Only three mentions of index cards here...

A repetition of Beatrice Webb's old advice of one idea per card, though missing most of her other structural advice.

It's almost as if they're suggesting putting ideas onto index cards after-the-fact rather than from the start as older manuals would have suggested. This would seem to add a huge amount of work to the process.