What if we thought about our architecture this way? I am intrigued by this idea of thinking of architecture (a body) as a system of fluids that can only be balanced by either more or less of such. It just made me think of people/users of buildings as the fluid that is spoken of. In a litteral sense, there are people with good intentions with architecture and then there are those with ill intentions. For example, there are those that improve the building by decorating or giving a space their own personal touch. On the opposite side, there are those that seek to destroy or "upset" space. If we go back to the analogy, when architecture (the body) is not in equilibrium, people are introduced in a specific way. If the architecture is depressed, you introduce perhaps a florist to bring in bright colored flowers. If a building is being attacked by someone, security is called and they escort the delinquent out. This is a rough analogy, but it gives an interesting perspective on the relation between architecture and the body.

How can we design for the disabled body without thinking about it as a lack of impairment? Some bodies that we consider disabled actually have more ability than a typical disabled body. A blind person is certainly more prone to feeling with their hands, and perhaps interpret texture in a different way than non-blind individuals would feel things. When we walk on surfaces, its hard to think about what we're experiencing because the visual stimuli take over our senses. Someone who cannot see would feel the difference in the way their feet move and perhaps take more careful notice of the shifting of balance from lets say, walking on pavement then walking on a bed of rocks because they don't have the same visual stimuli as a distraction during this phenomenological perception.

The author explains there is a problem with this "original way of being in the world," because it leaves little room for historical change.

Phenomenology does in fact create very personal experiences that could seem bias if using these experiences to create generalized notions about architecture and design.

For example, if a deaf person designed music hall based on his own personal phenomenological experience with sound, the acoustic quality of the space could be awful for most people whose hearing is not impaired.

But, if any designer (deaf or not) designed a music hall based on modern technology, knowledge, and scientific studies on sound, the music hall would be more successful and potentially be able to adapt with the times.

sometimes what is more important or significant about the body is what is happening on the inside, which is not shown in the model of the Vitruvius Man

Throughout the beginning of the reading, I questioned why understanding medicine was important to understanding architecture... this quote makes the reason more clear. Vitruvius seems obsessed with "the perfect male body"... if architecture can embody or mimic God's perfect creation, it is seen as a success..?

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_nKTwJGa8s)

In all honesty, why? Perhaps an idea so radical is needed to change how we think about the body and architecture. In the link above, I connect a seen in the office I had though about when this subject was brought up in class. In the video, the office is trying to slow down the course of a woman going into the labor by doing the opposite of activities that speed up labor. One suggestion in this clip is to "stick spicy foods up her butt" as a means of inverting the suggestion to eat spicy food. But how would this relate to architecture? Are we so wound up in our perceptions around what the human body is, that we need to twist, turn, and invert these perceptions to think with a clear mind?

(http://letteraturaartistica.blogspot.com/2014/01/francesco-di-giorgio-martini-la.html)

This is such a strange way to look at architecture. I can understand that it tries to relate the body, but the plan does not really make sense in this translation. And for that matter, the translation seems too literal as well. Essentially, the plans break the church down to separating people into the head, legs, body, and arm. The head, seems to be a some-what resolved idea on this hierarchy, however the rest of the intention seems half though out. What does it mean to be in the arm of the church? What does it mean to be in the bowels of the church? It just seems strange to think that if someone were to walk down the plan of the church, they would start at the legs, motion up to the waist, through the torso, and end up at the head. It feels wrong and under-developed.

I would completely agree with this. The purpose of phenomenology is to feel connected with our surroundings, and perhaps, things that exist beyond our surroundings but are only experienced in being able to come into contact with something around us. Either way, if architecture were to hone in on the design of this spatial connection, the Vitruvius man needs to be update. In class, we had talked about the diagram not looking like any man, but an average depiction of man. This may have been fine to a hundred years ago, but our universal perceptions have changed. And thus, the universal base of design for phenomenology must change with it. Gender is more of a fluid subject, and is not defined/defining in how we operate. A reevaluation must include the groups left out by Vitruvius in order to seek this idea of the universal.

(https://books.google.com/books?id=t82XCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46&lpg=PT46&dq=ds+r+brasserie+washroom+trans&source=bl&ots=Qcjq32Go8Y&sig=TaXsfskr0QVXwFp_830qleFF7Gw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwir4sLgjJjeAhWRTt8KHcMLBsIQ6AEwAnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=ds%20r%20brasserie%20washroom%20trans&f=false)

In the DS + R project, the design takes the notion of the washroom as a means to distort our perceptions around comfort, hygiene, and privacy. The discussion of gender bathrooms, especially in recent years, revolve around the notion that some may feel uncomfortable with a person they would claim is a different gender using the same space as them. In the DS+R project, there is no distinction of gender in the bathrooms, nor is their "privacy" in the bathrooms. The wall journey the two bathroom are opaque, stall have peeking holes, etc. all to give the user a sense of being uncomfortable. Though it is not actively charged with advocating for a side on this argument, the project does open the perceptions around this "comfortability" in washrooms. Why do we have? Why do we have a need to preserve it around the scope of being comfortable around our gender? Wouldn't someone just be as uncomfortable if a person of the same gender played a closer role in these "private" times in the washroom.

The concept of flipping the Vitruvian Man upside down doesn't seem to mean that Jones is literally suggesting we eat with our butt, but rather using an analogy to say that something we think is just natural, or our day to day way of life could be completely rediscovered when looked at with a new perspective.

(https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/698055)

I wonder what would happen if Palladio and Foster sat in a room together? Palladio seems to admire the objective sense to architecture, that when we look at it, we can appreciate the beauty by what is seen on the skin of a building's body. However, if we look at the Pompidou, this building speaks to more of the truth behind the building. It is the complete opposite of Palladio's intention to conceal the "less prestigious". For Foster, the Pompidou reveals the veins of the building's body. It shows the HVAC, mechanical systems, etc. to expose the life of buildings. I feel as though these two would have a debate on what is shown. Do we a.) push forth for the objective beauty of a building, or b.) show the beauty in a truth revealed?

Does this mean that we should reflect our human natures onto the buildings we design? Should we make buildings that breathe and see? Or does this cross the line into territory that is uncomfortable for us?

this is what we are trying tp do!

Nice quote

People tend to use the word 'digital' or 'technology' for these things, not AI.

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/11/war-jedi-algorithmic-warfare-us-military

https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/b0bgrw3k

An interesting BBC radio doc about the morality involved in AI. Worth a listen.

1) Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) 2) Artificial general intelligence (AGI) 3) Artificial superintelligence (ASI)

https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/b0bgrw3k

An interesting BBC radio doc about the morality involved in AI. Worth a listen.

the idea of thinking "everything has been done. What else can there be?" rings true with me sometimes

note to self!

Where do global warming and the predicted ecological disasters that we face sit in this prediction?

"In other words, there’s exponential growth in the rate of exponential growth." Kurzweil

at an exponential rate?

http://www.kurzweilai.net/the-law-of-accelerating-returns

Do we experience this DPU effect if we are experiencing the change within our lifetime or is it so gradual, it in turn becomes natural and normalized technological progression?

It's really hard to keep politics out of things sometimes especially if there's times no matter what you do it's a losing choice.

People don't always realize that creativity helps build problem solving skills. Not the kind you do one tests where you have to get to one right answer, but the kind of intelligence that actually builds creative ability to see problems differently.

I often complain about certain situations, but when I realize someone else has been through something worse i tend to let it go. Cause my situation could be theirs.

I personally like to take the success of some, and use it as my personal motivation. They dont have to be anybody famous, I usually use my two older cousins who are very successful as my motivation for getting through college.

Some of us are definitely guilty of this, we usually take people who are higher up than us, and try to build ourselves off of them. With the looks, jobs, cars,etc. We take their image and try to make it ours.

Varying cultures encompass different values and knowing how to adjust can be difficult. For example, when considering differences in how death and dying is treated between cultures, a western American will say wear black at a funeral, while in Asian american cultures many would say wear white. So if looking for advice on something make sure your source is relevant to your specific situation.

This disappointment seems to be a recurring cycle when considering keeping up with the trends. Things change so fast sometimes, by the time you get something that is considered socially cool, something new is out. It can be exhausting, especially for middle/high school kids. And don't forget the parents who usually buy the stuff.

L'administration de la preuve désigne la manière dont les preuves peuvent être apportées devant un tribunal.

sort of related to the events in face-to-face interactions vs non-face-to-face interactions?

...which may lead to problems later in life involving substance abuse? I recently learned that this is an effect of a current issue of conformity--in e-cigarette (such as juul) use in teens.

people crave acceptance

basic type of learning, even utilized by infants

ex: most people who live nearby me hold the same political view/inclination, and our area is known to lean towards that particular view.

milgram experiement

We need to make a global decision about the excerpts for both the Book and Exhibition Reviews. After I went through and made suggestions regarding the excerpts in this issue, I moved onto my next issue and realized that in this issue the excerpts consist of text from the review itself, in the next issue it contains bibliographic information. We should be consistent across issues.

This is the Chee line I highlighted in the Windling piece but it is in a source by him so it would be better to use

sketching UX Designers workbook

knowledge base software startup disadvantages

The tags for Tarbell and for Ciregna are blank. The tag for Wingate takes us to her essay on Sculpture and Lived Space.

Please remove the author's bio from the excerpt. The excerpt should read: "Through extensive primary source research, I was able to uncover evidence that strongly supports the attribution of a portrait of the eighteenth-century religious leader the Reverend Samuel Finley to John Hesselius ..."

Please remove the author's bio from the excerpt. The excerpt should read: "Trying to square oddball works against thoroughly convincing interpretations of the rest of the oeuvre can be a fruitless exercise ..."

Please remove the author's bio from the excerpt. Also, can we use this for the excerpt? "Benjamin Ives Gilman invented the skiascope to ensure that museum visitors saw art as he thought best—without distraction. As far as I was able to determine, no skiascope survives. And so I built one …"

Please remove the ellipses at the end of this excerpt. The ellipses at the end of the Stott and Kaplan essays can be removed as well.

Please remove the author's bio from the excerpt.

Please change the crop for the image for the Thiele Family Monument by cropping out more of the bottom so that the heads of the sculpture don't get cut off.

Please remove the author's bio from the excerpt. It should start with this: For over one hundred years...

ie. is it a good edition?

The digital offers accurate replication that adheres to the properties of the original in mechanical reproduction = so to use the digital does not replace but offers a good progeny in the lineage of the work. So, Overall this piece is good and offers supports for the idea that a digital reproduction of a cultural artefact can be argued for without undermining the terms of the ‘original’.

The issues here have been highlighted by copyright law, a photograph of a painting that maintains ‘accuracy, understanding and respect’ cannot claim to be an original. Yet, If I paint an almost perfect copy of painting it can be an original.

Again , the affordances of the digital. The 3-D rendering of an object without interference. The damage to sculpture using moulding is a good case in point. There are many examples of this, the multiple relocations of Donatello’s bronze Judith and Holofernes has altered its meaning to the extent that its originality has become diluted. But, it is still accessible as an object.

Facsimiles enabling visibility and interaction away from the original site. Implications here for the digitization of heritage sites that can be transported digitally to any space.

Undermining place as a component in the trajectory, likewise the site of The Last Supper is a reconstruction, in addition does a change in the function of the site also interfere in the construction of originality?

Again place and object are complicit in creating originality.

¶ 22 – The Ambassadors is added to in order to maintain it while it really disappears but Cana is doubles its originality while maintain it as persistence.

The photograph is the most barren?! But then the photograph acts as model a simulacrum for the ‘original’.

A painting can only persist through alteration, look again to The Last Supper.

– Still the problem of closeness of ‘aura’, object and place persists in painting.

¶ 18 – extension of ¶ 17. The gap between the original and the copy closes again in the digital age, the ‘aura’ is confused.

The portability of the ‘aura’ prior to print as ‘copies’ were made. There was no remoteness even if there could be distance. Two manuscripts made by two monks in Ireland endeavouring to produce identical forms did not diverge from their ‘auratic’ substance even if one moved to Rome. Or maybe they did? The author’s point is that this distance from the ‘original’ increases with the advent of movable type. And further with the coming of the digital age.

¶ 15 & 16 – It is the technique that they say matters. The indexical nature of the photograph cannot compete with the materiality of the painting. Again, only if the aura is inherent in the painting and not in the construction of an aura around a painting.

¶ 11 & 12 & 13 & 14 – Yes, performance art survives in the interpretations and reinventions that take place in the works career. If not the works remain static as texts, and even they are the subject of editions and versions.

The sterility and barrenness of the original without the progeny. Good point and leading well to the argument conclusion. If I have never seen the Mona Lisa do I feel lessened, do I revere it more? Or, is it given substance only via the vicarious encounter through the ‘copy’. The Mona Lisa might just as well be a fiction in itself if not a reproduction of an actual living entity – a memetic construction.

• Good. The Iliad offers a nice example of the text being the thing. My reading of the text does not lessen my reading of the Iliad if my text is a €5 version bought in a local newsagent’s.

The Trajectory of a work of art. Its career. Like the Feast at Cana, I am thinking of Da Vinci’s Last Supper. We all know the work but of the ‘original’ how much of it remains and are we sure that the ‘aura’ we attach to a copy can be replicated by an encounter with the original. The original will most likely cease to exist soon enough.

Perhaps this is all about ‘othering’ – the original can only identify itself in relation to the copy? Also, is it not worth considering the falsity of the ‘aura’ created in the age of technological reproduction? The touch of the artist rather than the object of the painting? Is The Ambassadors gifted an aura rather than possessing one? Would it have an ‘aura’ to a citizen of Mali, devoid of access to the fetishes of Western cultures?

The Trajectory of a work of art. Its career. Like the Feast at Cana, I am thinking of Da Vinci’s Last Supper. We all know the work but of the ‘original’ how much of it remains and are we sure that the ‘aura’ we attach to a copy can be replicated by an encounter with the original. The original will most likely cease to exist soon enough.

Perhaps this is all about ‘othering’ – the original can only identify itself in relation to the copy? Also, is it not worth considering the falsity of the ‘aura’ created in the age of technological reproduction? The touch of the artist rather than the object of the painting? Is The Ambassadors gifted an aura rather than possessing one? Would it have an ‘aura’ to a citizen of Mali, devoid of access to the fetishes of Western cultures?

Where is the ‘aura’? Is the ‘aura’ fixed to location or to the work? Benjamin was not just talking about the work of art, he was also talking about any natural [real] object. The ‘aura’ was really a perceptual hangup from the era of cultic. ‘Reproduction emancipates the work of art from its parasitical dependence on ritual.’ Adorno would say that a work of art is more than what it is. Te aura for him is the trace of human labour in an appearance.

Does meaning attach itself to the painting only in its intended original location? After all most paintings in galleries and museums were not commissioned for gallery display. Is the Uffizi a depository for copies? If so are the originals extinct?

– Feast at Cana. The original has been displaced and reconstructed. Is meaning lost outside of its original location? Does the facsimile supplant the original if it occupies the originals location?

How do we tell the difference between the original and a copy? When does an original cease to be an original as it is restored and restored and relocated and relocated? At what point does annihilation take place?

The ruling of this case ultimately expanded federal power, giving power to congress over the constitution because of the Elastic Clause, correct?

I wonder how it is determine that a power is "implied", when it is not specifically stated in the Constitution?

If I am correct, the Supreme Court basically says that Congress has implied powers and the “Necessary and Proper” Clause grants the power to congress to establish a national bank?

I feel like this hurts the Justice's case. If I am not mistake, this appears to be a reference to the ability to ratify the Constitution? If I am incorrect, please give clarification.

Devil's Advocate: why the hell should they trust a federal government that professes itself to possess "the supreme law of the land"?

I wonder if a close reading the second half of this decision would prompt a conservative person to think about giving democratic socialism a try. If the federal government could create a bank to benefit the country, then what would REALLY dissuade them from allowing some form of universal health care? Is Congress really so buddy-buddy with the insurance companies that they would accept $$$ and reelection over what the people of the USA REALLY need? If so, that's f***ing awful and we need term limits right now.

Confidence in what? In the federal government's morality? Like having faith that it won't "carry [taxation and its other powers] to the excess of destruction"?

If so, I really appreciate Marshall's idealism. What a cool guy!

Or the role of digital in fostering the obsessive fan in the era of binge viewing. It might be fun to visit the podcast http://thewestwingweekly.com/ occasionaily but who wants to tune in every week?

Again, ehancing what, the brand? What about the quality of the prequel, sequel, spin-off. Is there possibly a different definition of multi-platform?

On one hand multimedia storytelling seems to be an exciting concept offering endless scope for creative ways to tell stories.

A good story engages people, regardless of platform, Is this media interest more in brand building, creating fans that consume more stuff?

In terms of polar opposites think Star Wars and some (not all) of its sequels and spin offs. Many prefer "Empire Strikes Back" to "A New Hope" few would admit to liking the prequels ("Phantom Menace" et al). Sadly there are too many examples of bad sequels. For this author, each installment of "The Matrix" progressively disappointed, so much so that I couldn't bother with the games, graphic novels or animated series.

I agree. Licensing can be very restrictive. It would seem that a collaborative creativity involving mutually beneficial remediation of various creations could be a good way forward. Although Jenkins isn't referring explicitly to phenomena like "fan fiction" or its game/film alternative, it does seem that an iterative approach could benefit all. The fan or alternate media producer would feel validated and invested. The studio/production house benefits from a greater pool of imagination. In many cases fans of media are far more invested, know more, and are in a better position to contribute than the original creators. A network of loosely connected, differently wired creative brains could be a powerful force.

Would be nice to see the sources/reference for this information. From a logical viewpoint, it makes sense, computer users have a device in front of them which makes it a task of milliseconds to find all the information, linkages and layers of a game, film, book, album, piece of theatre or performance. I would extrapolate this even more to mobile device users. In a sense, finding this information on a mobile device, to me at least, feels more like flow, than doing the same thing on a desktop machine. But perhaps Jenkins was referring to all users of digital devices, regardless of screen size.

These four links are going to the old journal pages rather than the new ones.

The links for these three articles are going to the old website instead of the new one. The links on the landing page are correct.

We should include the entire image here, with the caption below it. On the landing page, the image is cropped to fit into a square and in the banner above, it is cropped into a panorama format. We need to see the image as a whole, with no cropping.

Can you re-crop the header to show the ball players' heads rather than their bum and crotch?

The Research Notes are also listed in the TOC in the wrong order. The correct listing is Skiascope, Chase, and Hesselius

The TOC is listing the Baseball essay before the Thiele Family essay. They should be reversed so that they appear in the same order as they do on the landing page.

Test

Most likely the Clintons, No?

Ejemplo de anotación en el que se menciona una genuina preocupación sobre el rol del Departamento de Salud ante posibles acciones sobre cómo trabajar con diferentes determinantes de la salud.

And in terms of language, time/flexibility of scheduling, skill with/access to technology... can anyone think of others?

I would be curious to know what some of these intrinsic motivations are. If we knew, scientists could probably do a better job of making sure these projects are actually rewarding to the citizens who participate.

Third, is it possible that the "beleaguered project leader" just doesn't care? Maybe I'm just being cynical but can we really assume that every researcher engaged in citizen science cares deeply about the personal development of each participant?

Does this statement make anyone else a little sad? On the one hand, I think it's great that there's funding in place to promote science education through research. On the other, it would be so nice if we didn't have to incentivize it monetarily.

[9] "Sum-of-product-of-function pattern - objects are (in effect) restricted to be functions that take as first argument a distinguished method key argument that is drawn from a finite set of simple names."

fwiu: the "finte set of simple names" are all the objects defined in the codebase e.g. in java there are no functions as such just methods attached to classes i.e. "their key argument"

from what I understand in Java... there are some variables on classes (class instances) that are only acessible through methods and for those the "only send message" paradigm holds but there are also fields which are like attributes in python which you can change directly

generics so you've got a "template" collection e.g. Collectoin<animal> and you parametrise it with the Animal type in this example how is that broken by "non-Object types" in java</animal>

does he mean that list in python is polymorphic because it can be list of integers or string or ... ?

is this because:

• interfaces--contextually identical (because satisfy common set of behaviours)?
• or being wrapped in objects (thus blurring the difference)?

,bn b

nmvmnvnvm

totally agree.

kind of like clojure multimethods but those can dispatch on arbitary function hence arbitrary "property"

so essentially this is just a way to escape the contrains of types--overspecifying the type of argument for e.g. append function

I guess the behaviour implement cannot really implement on the type of value

Can you give an example or illustration of "rejecting a null hypothesis when power is too small" and "with larger effect size or significance level, and with smaller test power, the required sample size decreases"?

"an action or practice about which there is or is reputed to be some secrecy; esp. a highly skillful or technical operation in a trade or art. " (OED)

The link for open proposal provided in the poster referee to the preprint submitted to the EC during the evaluation. The peer-review version and the DoW included in the grant agreement is available through ZENODI. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1466869

Being treated for syphilis by mercury baths.

Two varieties of Sweet Spanish wine

李宏毅 linear algebra lec6: Having solution or Not?

Textbook: chapter 1.6

\(Ax=b\)

能否找到一个 x 使得 \(Ax=b\) 成立.

• Linear combination
• span

有没有解这个问题非常重要：假设 Linear system 是一个电路，现在老板告诉你这个电路要输出 b 这么大的电流，你能不能找到合适的电压源or电流源，还是根本就找不到？

关于“解”的名词定义

consistent

A system of linear equations is called consistent if it has one or more solutions。

只要有解就叫做 consistent.

inconsistent

A system of linear equations is called inconsistent if its solution set is empty(no solution)

没有解就叫做 inconsistent.

如何确定“解”

Naive 方法：线的交点

把 system of linear equations 的方程都画成直线，如果他们有交点，那么就是有解，否则无解。

General 方法

定义引入：Linear Combination

Given a vector set \(\{u_1,u_2,...,u_k\}\)

The linear combination of the vectors in the set: \(v=c_1u_1+c_2u_2+...+c_ku_k,\ c_1,c_2,...,c_k\ are\ scalars\ coefficients\ of\ linear\ combination\)

linear combination is a vector.

有了 Linear combination 的定义之后，我们再回一下 lec5 篇末讲解的关于 使用 column view of product of matrix and vector 所以我们可以得到的结论是：

\(Ax\) 其本质就是一个 linear combination, 他是

• 以 \(x\) 的每一位为 scalar coefficient of linear combination,
• 以 columns of \(A\) as vectors 作为 vector set engaged in linear combination, 的一个 linear combination

矩阵与向量的乘法就是对矩阵的列做线性组合。

对于 \(Ax=b\) 是否有解（x是变量）这件事，实际就是在问：b 是否是columns of A的所有可能的线性组合中的一种。

从是否有解到是否是线性组合

如果两个向量不是平行的同时不是0向量，那么他们可以组合出二维空间中所有可能的向量（亦即，线性组合的所有可能性覆盖整个2D空间）。

【判断题】：如上所说，如果非零非平行的两个向量的线性组合可以覆盖整个二维空间的话，那么非零非平行的三个向量的线性组合是否可以覆盖整个三维空间呢？

【答案】：否

引入 independent 向量

在三维空间中对参与线性组合的向量不能仅仅给出【非零】【非平行】两个限制，还得加上一个【不在同一个二维平面】。试想，如果三个向量处在同一平面的话，那么不论如何线性组合都不可能与第三维有任何关系。

引入 反之不反

非零非平行 ===> 有解；有解 ==X==> 非零非平行。

引入 span

vector set 的所有可能的 linear combination （另一个vector set）就是这组 vector set 的 span。

\(v = c_1u_1+c_2u_2+...+c_ku_k\)

\(v\) 毫无疑问是一个向量。

如果我们穷举所有可能的\(c_1,c_2,...,c_k\)，他们所得到的向量的集合（vector set \(V\)）就是\(x_1,x_2,...,x_k\)的span，同时，\(x_1,x_2,...,x_k\) 叫做 vector set \(V\) 的 generating set.

引入 generating set

\(if\ Vector\ set\ V=Span(S),\ then\ V\ is\ Span\ of\ S, also\ S\ is\ a\ generating\ set\ for\ V,\ or\ S\ generates\ V\)

\(S\) 可以作为一种描述 \(V\) 特性的方法。为什么我们需要这种描述方法呢？因为 \(V\) 作为一个 span，他通常都非常非常的大（一般都是无穷多个），如果我们想要描述这种无穷大（“无穷”都意味着抽象）的向量的集合，最好的方法就是找到一个更具体（“有限”意味着具体）的可联想的“指标” --- generating set --- 这个向量集合是由什么样的向量集合生成的。

相同的向量集(span)可能由不同的向量集（generating set）产生：

\(S_1=\begin{vmatrix} 1 \\ -1\end{vmatrix}\)

同

\(S_2=\{\begin{vmatrix}1\\-1\end{vmatrix},\begin{vmatrix}-2\\2\end{vmatrix}\}\)

产生的向量集是相同的。

引入 span of standard vector

standard vector 其实就是 one-hot encoding vector. 可以见下：

\(e_1=\begin{vmatrix}1\\0\\0\end{vmatrix}, e_1=\begin{vmatrix}0\\1\\0\end{vmatrix}, e_1=\begin{vmatrix}0\\0\\1\end{vmatrix}\)

\(span(e_1)=one\ R^1\ in\ R^3\), one axis in 3D-space \(span(e_1,e_2)=one\ R^2\ in\ R^3\), one 2D-space in 3D-space \(span(e_1,e_2,e_3)=R^3\), whole 3D-space.

其实今天学的东西就是“换句话说”，

• \(Ax=b\) has solution or not?

换句话说

• is \(b\) the linear combination of columns of \(A\)?

换句话说

• is \(b\) in the \(span\) of the columns of \(A\)?

李宏毅 linear algebra lec7

Textbook: chapter 1.7

前一节课已经介绍了如何判断【有没有解】：很多“换句话说”

有没有解 ---> 是不是线性组合 ---> 在不在span中。

现在要解决的是：如果有解，那么会有多少个解！

李宏毅 linear algebra lec7

Textbook: chapter 1.7

前一节课已经介绍了如何判断【有没有解】：很多“换句话说”

有没有解 ---> 是不是线性组合 ---> 在不在span中。

现在要解决的是：如果有解，那么会有多少个解！

李宏毅 linear algebra lec 5

重新定义线性代数

第三节课讲过，一个线性系统不仅仅是一条“直线”，直线只是一种特殊到不能再特殊的情况。线性系统的本质是：

1. '->' 以下表示线性系统

2. 符合加法性：x->y ==> x1+x2->y1+y2

3. 符合乘法(scalar)性：x->y ==> x1k->yk

广义向量

再结合一个超级牛逼的观点广义向量 --- 函数也是一种向量。我们就把线性系统是一条直线的观点边界向外扩展了一些：

线性系统是以向量（亦即，包含函数和数字和普通向量）作为输入

现实世界中的很多东西都可以表示为向量，就连函数也不例外。

他可以造就这样的奇迹：

1. 加法性：fn->fc ===> fn1 + fn2-> fc1+fc2

2. 乘法性：fn->fc ===> fn1k->fc1k

也就是说，线性系统接收的输入和输出都是一个向量，而数字和函数只是特殊的向量。，满足这一特殊性质的线性系统就是【微分】and【积分】。微分和积分更像是一种【功能】而不是一个【函数】，这也是为什么我们不把系统说成函数的原因，因为他强调功能而不是记号表示性，或者说函数只是功能的一个可记号话的特例

线性代数这门学科研究的主要目标就是线性系统。

于是新的关于线性系统的定义至此形成：

\(vector\ \Rightarrow LinearSystem\ \Rightarrow vector\)

\(domain\ \Rightarrow LinearSystem\ \Rightarrow co-domain\)

线性系统与联立线性等式

可以证明的是（in lec3）任何线性系统都可以表示为联立线性等式，也就是说联立等式与线性系统是等价的

Linear system is equal to System of linear equations.

【矩阵，联立方程式，线性系统】其实是一个东西

1. 矩阵 符合加法/乘法性 所以其为一个线性系统
2. 联立方程式 符合加法/乘法性 所以其为一个线性系统

因为

矩阵=线性系统，

联立方程=线性系统，

所以

矩阵=联立方程。

lec5: 两种方式理解 matrix-vector product

• 可以按行看待matrix,正常看法；
• 可以按列看待matrix,把整个matrix看成一个row向量;

联立方程式 ---> 按列看待matrix的 product of matrix and vector ---> 联立方程式可以写成 Product of matrix and vector. 因为之前说过任何一个线性系统都可以写成联立方程式，那么矩阵就是一个线性系统。

\(Ax=b\) 中的 \(A\) 就是一个线性系统

GPS wouldn't work. Lead on roof perhaps?

Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon larger trees in tropical and subtropical climates. (Well, that's what it says on Wikipedia anyway.)

This is my first annotation.... This is Paul S on the MA DaH.

I think that this shows how his thought process reveals a lot about his character.

Why does victor's father want victor and Elizabeth to be together so bad?

So Dante imagined the 2nd circle of purgatory where the lustful souls are tried.

Nickname for precisian (puritan) or maybe presbyterian?

switch "them" and "me"

Everything you acquire—clothing wealth, shelter, food—comes by base activities like labor and trade or even stealing.

Accommodation : " 2. Provision of what is suitable, necessary, or convenient." (OED

True. But how does this align to the prior section where they are encouraged to set their own goals? Are we suggesting that even when setting their own goals, they might not understand what they are?

I assume this means 'personal meaning'. Helpful in creating a sense of motivation and self responsibility

Seems to be a really important factor for self regulated learning, and one that is largely innate. How might we instill motivation where it otherwise does not exist?

Introduced in 17.2R2 via PR1267659

Victor feels guilty for knowing that the monster killed William, Justine, and know Clerval.

This will link to CEStoicism's Ecology page or a subpage within.

This is only affecting EX devices

These sentences are giving us setting.

Is victor talking about the Female monster? I'm confused.

Developing critical consciousness necessitates that one is able to develop an opinion as a result of analysis of oppressive conditions with interests that develop an awareness of both social and political factors that create oppression, with a mission to strengthen relationships and cross cultural conditions. Scholarly author Hooks says that “I have not forgotten the day a student came to class and told me: "We take your class. We learn to look at the world from a critical standpoint, one that considers race, sex, and class. And we can't enjoy life anymore." Without question, Hooks is doing something right by giving her students a lens in which to critically view class, race, sex, and social class through challenging students to look at the world in a different way through reflection upon what is considered unthinkable. She discusses the discomfort involved in giving up old routines and ways of thinking in an effort to analyze how one’s old world of looking is not working. Specifically, she discusses views of how class, race, sexual preference and ethnicity are constructed in western ideologies and she questions systematic pedagogies of oppression challenging thinking in order to establish multiple vantage points that can be considered. In essence she broadly states that: Students are eager to break through barriers to knowing. They are willing to surrender to the wonder of re-learning and learning ways of knowing that go against the grain. When we, as educators, allow pedagogy to be radically changed by our recognition of a multicultural world, we can give students the education the desire and deserve. We can teach in ways that transform consciousness, creating a climate of free expression that is the essence of a truly liberatory liberal arts education. (44) Without question the discomfort and tension in her analysis of systematic pedagogies allow for the emergence of a rite of passage into adulthood in which students are able to develop critical perspectives, and a lens to more meaningful perspectives.

Reference

Hooks, b. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. New York: Routledge.

Less

Scaffolding as an instructional and learning strategy has been a topic that many experts in the field of education have researched within a span of several decades. This has resulted in an abundance of scaffolding research across many academic disciplines, using many different contextual supports such as brainstorming, vocabulary, annotation, and group work. Remarkably, although scaffolding is an important and frequently studied concept, much discussion exists with regard to its effectiveness and as Morris in Critical Instructional Design and Acts of Resistance presumes will develop learning outcomes. However, research findings from theoretical notes, artifacts, and observation that I have completed in my own research, support the effectiveness of scaffolding in the classroom to enhance learning English curriculum, for general education, special education, and English language learners.<br> Through the use of Scaffolding a support is given during the learning process, which is tailored to the needs of the student with the intention of helping the student achieve his/her learning goals. Beishuizen, Van De Pol and Volman (2010) suggest that there is academic evidence that scaffolding is associated with existing literature of the findings from the sociocultural theory of Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky said that the way in which children, or students acquire new knowledge, is dependent on instruction, previous understandings, and classroom activities.<br> Borrowed, from the field of construction, where a scaffold is a temporary structure, on the outside of a building, often made of wooden planks and metal poles used by workers while building, repairing, cleaning, or remodeling a building. The use of scaffolding as a metaphor applied across all disciplines of learning refers to the temporary support provided for the completion of task, learners might not be able to complete. This support can be provided using an array of instructional literacy strategies that draw on prior knowledge, metacognition, attitudes, observations, interests, and collaboration. Other scholarly experts, Clark and Graves (2005) suggested that there is academic evidence that scaffolding provides students’ comprehension of text, founded on Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development. Particular research they have done on reading comprehension, in which students internalize responsibility, have high expectations for engaging in their own learning of reading and writing tasks in English that enhance understandings, motivations, problem solving, and work quality, showed improvements of student achievement.

References

Clark, K. F., & Graves, M. F. (2005). Scaffolding students' comprehension of text. Reading Teacher, 58(6), 570-580.

Van de Pol, J., Volman, M., & Beishuizen, J. (2010). Scaffolding in Teacher-Student Interaction: A Decade of Research. Educational Psychology Review, 22(3), 271-296.

默认情况下，通道在发送和接收值时会阻塞，因此它们将被等待。

understand understood Frode pingback

The author is using foreshadowing in this portion of the letter.

authorship central human activity to be augmented

augment tough knowledge work

Authorship Augment

ggg

hgfdhg

so import your custom stuff first, then bootstrap. this is how !default works (probably at sass level). this is demonstrated in the lines below this one... . And the reason is how !default is working, which is sass feature, so the default values come/included AFTER you've set your default values.

Tiene toda la pinta.

?? we're making promises conditional on that supply?

but you can do "contextual/local best practices" e.g. don't use abrreviations in function names other than: <team-wide-whitelist-of-abbr></team-wide-whitelist-of-abbr>

implementation, performence of text entry

use of macros implementing data structures making things more readable!

abbreviations whitelist - good programming practice!

mouse considered experimental mouse better than keyboard?

living system interacting with a running lisp machine

bandwith restrictions -> out of date text -> user has to imagine what it currently looks like

personal computers as novel concept (vs time sharing) and what it enables

I find that this actually should be 1, because Python doesn't care what the object in the list is whether integer or string. It keeps looping until all objects in the list have been iterated. So the value of the 2nd number based on the fact that it is a list, shouldn't it be 1 since Python begins with 0 for a numbering system?

I can't refer these figures to the spss output. which figures should we interpret to get these results?

Benny the History Pin Map

Start of the third Putnam's Monthly installment.

This is where the second Putnam's installation begins.

goes back to that part within us telling us to do what we can to up our survival rates and hereditary line... we want to improve our own groups so we can live the best lives possible.

belief that they deserve it

Stereotype threat!!

just as consequential in effects on people.

= less open to hearing others opinions - see's them as "wrong" instead of just "different"from their own.

It's like if you don't fit in with the already dominant group you're less.... because you're different. It seems to have nothing to do with who they actually are just the fact that they're not to "certain group" that holds highest power.

that's interesting. I wonder what other stereotype/prejudice factors play into political statistics.

I think it's pretty natural to want to favor your own group. Everybody wants to believe they're good, and that they're the best. I think a lot of that has to do with the fact that social standings, etc. really do effect our lives and some people might even have the mentality that if they put others down, they will raise up (plays into stereotype threat). (even if done unconsciously. It's almost like a mentality for survival/optimal living).

I think that it isn't that hard to someone who will openly put down a group of people, but they won't openly see it as "wrong" in their mind.

people follow social norms on the outside, but on the inside people really aren't always who them seem to be (going back to the first unit with inner and outer selves).

Research shows Russian trolls working both ends of the political spectrum.

He will go and see wife to convey the good news.

les philosophes ne sont pas les seuls lecteurs ; et de quels philosophes s'agit-il ?

"la vérité" : on va vite en besogne

le cours parle de décadence ; pas de traces de combat

voir

surprenant et sans arguments

à préciser

posture de l'auteur non consensuelle

What are some examples of texts that have rhetorical features?

What exactly is "new rhetoric?"

Why is it that the discourse community prefers to use texts digitally rather than the traditional print?

Multiple definitions and approaches to the term, "text" as a "communicative event."

What is the relationship between digital rhetoric and visual rhetoric? How are they similar? How are they different?

What is the power of rhetoric and how can it be defined in a contemporary approach?

Federal prosecutors on Friday alleged that a Russian woman is the chief accountant of Project Lakhta, a sprawling Kremlin campaign to influence politics in the U.S. and European Union. It’s an operation that the FBI, in a criminal complaint, says is ongoing.

The complaint accuses the woman, Elena Alekseevna Khusyaynova, of keeping detailed records of payouts to a social-media campaign of which the St. Petersberg-based troll farm, the Internet Research Agency, is just one component. Its chief financing, the FBI complaint continues, comes from Concord Management and Consulting, run by the oligarch Yevgeniy Prigozhin, sometimes called “Putin’s Chef.”

This should say: Noelle Belanger is a PhD candidate at the University of Illinois ...

1. intransitive. slang. To experience sexual orgasm; (of a man) to ejaculate. Cf. to come off 10 at Phrasal verbs 1. Now frequently in form cum.

Arma virumque canō, Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs Ītaliam, fātō profugus, Lāvīniaque vēnit lītora, multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō vī superum saevae memorem Iūnōnis ob īram; multa quoque et bellō passūs, dum conderet urbem inferretque deōs Latiō, genus unde Latīnum,

Albānīque patrēs, atque altae moenia Rōmae. Mūsa, mihī causās memorā, quō nūmine laesō, quidve dolēns, rēgīna deum tot volvere cāsūs īnsīgnem pietāte virum, tot adīre labōrēs impulerit. Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae?