Video on how to fold A4 to make a 16 p zine.
- Last 7 days
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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glassmanlab.seas.harvard.edu glassmanlab.seas.harvard.edu
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Estes and Hasson [17] argue that while alignable differences can be more straightforward and easier for comparison, non-alignable differences can also provide key information that might otherwise remain overlooked.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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By incorporating theories such as Structural Alignment Theory and Variation Theory, it aims to support the learning of both the human and the model.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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This symbiotic relationship stems from the fact that Structural Alignment Theory (SAT) enhances the salience of differences, while the way we used Variation Theory (VT) to generate contradicting examples across the boundaries of labels ensures that these differences are conceptually informative.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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It states that understanding and sensemaking involve mapping the relationships between elements, especially in complex and ambiguous tasks.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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Structural Alignment Theory states that humans naturally look for structural mapping between representations of objects to help them understand, compare, and infer relationships between said objects.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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According to Variation Theory, learners better understand concepts by observing variations along critical features (dimensions of variation) that define that concept and, separately, observing variations along superficial features that do not define that concept—all while other features, when possible, are held constant.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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Mocha exemplified the application of human cognition and concept learning theories in the interactive machine learning pipeline to support the negotiation of conceptual boundaries for bi-directional human-AI alignment.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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This pattern of selective attention suggests that the visual cues provided by Mocha effectively guided participants to focus on more relevant information within the context of unchanged text when making their labeling decisions.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Overall, the incorporation of counterfactuals has generally improved the models' F1 scores, driven largely by the improvements in precision. This suggests that counterfactuals have effectively improved performance without necessitating a significant trade-off between precision and recall.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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The inclusion of counterfactuals often resulted in a substantial increase in precision, indicating that the models were better able to correctly classify relevant instances while reducing false positives. This improvement suggests that the counterfactuals provided essential information that helped refine the models' decision boundaries.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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By visualizing these consistent pattern rules, users may be better understanding the behavior of the model through inference projection [26]. This can not only boosts the model's performance but also enable participants to validate or correct the model during the interactive training process.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Thus, the integration of both theories enables users to efficiently process and compare variations, leading to more informed decisions and a clearer understanding of the model's behavior.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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By helping users see alignable differences, SAT-based rendering helps users focus on key variations that are essential to changing the data item's label, making it easier to interpret the effects of changes and their significance.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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We argue that these two theories form a symbiotic relationship (Fig. 6). Variation Theory provides the conceptual basis for generating structurally consistent differences, while Structural Alignment Theory (SAT) enhances the user's ability in recognizing and processing these differences.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Participants were able to efficiently focus on key differences between the original and counterfactual examples, which facilitated more efficient annotations.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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The results from our user study suggest that both the participants and the model benefited from the Variation Theory (VT)-based counterfactuals and Structural Alignment Theory (SAT)-based rendering.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Thus, the integration of both the-ories enables users to efficiently process and compare variations,leading to more informed decisions and a clearer understanding ofthe model’s behavior.
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Specifically, they underscore the need for co-adaptive systems that can evolve along with users' mental models and definitions of labels.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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This requires the development of interfaces and visualizations that demystify the generated data, allowing systematic variation and coverage across the concept space.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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By visualizing these consistent pattern rules, users may be better understanding the behavior of the model through inference projection [26].
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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By incorporating theories such as Structural Alignment Theory and Variation Theory, it aims to support the learning of both the human and the model.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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Such studies could determine whether these non-alignable comparisons enhance user performance and elicit deeper insights in human-AI collaborative systems.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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Most previous research in counterfactual generation has focused on the model side by either generating counterfactuals to improve the model's performance or explaining its behaviors post hoc.
any single sentence that compares and contrasts this work with prior work.
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Variation Theory provides the conceptual basis for generating structurally consistent differences, while Structural Alignment Theory (SAT) enhances the user's ability in recognizing and processing these differences.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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While SAT-based rendering supported human sensemaking in both Gero et al. [29] and Mocha, we also show that the combination of VT and SAT support the model's learning.
any single sentence that compares and contrasts this work with prior work.
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This finding is consistent with previous work that supports users' sense-making of text, e.g., by modulating text saliency. Specifically, Gu et al. [32] and Gero et al. [29] both found improved reading efficiency and comprehension with saliency-modulating text renderings.
any single sentence that compares and contrasts this work with prior work.
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In decision making, SAT argues that people tend to focus on alignable differences—features that can be directly compared—rather than on differences that cannot be easily aligned.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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Structural Alignment Theory (SAT) [27] is a cognitive theory that explains how people make sense of concepts by comparing relational structures between two items.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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Specifically, we use Variation Theory of learning [44] which states that for learning to occur, some aspects that define the concept being learned must vary while others are held constant.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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According to SAT, humans compare two similar entities by trying to find structural alignments between them, and then comparing corresponding elements, with a special focus on differing aligned elements.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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VT posits that human learning occurs when learners experience variation across critical and superficial aspects of a concept—through exposure to contrasting examples that systematically vary along different critical and superficial feature dimensions.
return any single sentence that describes an explicit or implicit connection to theory
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To analyze the annotation efficiency, we first conducted a Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test [39] to determine if there were statistically significant differences in annotation time across the three conditions, because our data violated the homogeneity of variances assumption, making non-parametric methods more appropriate.
return any single sentence that describes data analysis done on data collected by the authors when running human subjects experiments.
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austinkleon.com austinkleon.com
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Tutorials How to make a 12-page zine from a single sheet of paper
[[Austin Kleon]] shows how to make a 12 page zine from one sheet of paper (A3 would give you the same size as a 6p A4 version) vid https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMJNUb0uJk8
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Orientations et Dispositifs de la Santé Mentale en Occitanie : Rapport de Synthèse IREPS 2022
Résumé Exécutif
Ce document synthétise les interventions de la session IREPS 2022 consacrée aux politiques publiques de santé mentale, avec un focus particulier sur la région Occitanie.
Face à l'augmentation des besoins et à la complexité des parcours de soins, les politiques actuelles s'orientent vers un décloisonnement massif entre le sanitaire, le médico-social et le social.
Les points clés à retenir sont :
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Territorialisation de l'action : L'articulation entre le niveau départemental (Projets Territoriaux de Santé Mentale - PTSM) et le niveau local (Conseils Locaux de Santé Mentale - CLSM) est le pilier d'une réponse adaptée aux besoins de proximité.
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Prise en charge de la jeunesse : Les Maisons des Adolescents (MDA) se consolident comme des lieux d'accueil pluridisciplinaires et souples, essentiels pour capter un public souvent réticent aux structures de soin classiques.
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Complexité et "Clinique Indirecte" : Le réseau Déclics traite les situations les plus précaires (adolescents à difficultés multiples) par une méthode de concertation partenariale et une "archéologie" des parcours de vie.
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Innovation Numérique : Le déploiement de l'outil Viapsi vise à simplifier l'orientation dans le "labyrinthe" de la psychiatrie pour les usagers et les professionnels.
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1. Cadre Stratégique et Politiques Publiques Territoriales
La santé mentale est désormais intégrée de manière globale dans les politiques publiques, portée par des moyens financiers accrus et une volonté de proximité.
1.1 Contexte National et Régional
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Financement : Les Assises de la santé mentale de fin 2021 ont débloqué 1,9 milliard d'euros sur 5 ans via 30 mesures spécifiques.
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Feuilles de route : La stratégie s'appuie sur la feuille de route nationale de 2019, déclinée en région Occitanie.
L'objectif est de lutter contre la stigmatisation et de favoriser le rétablissement.
1.2 Structuration des Dispositifs Territoriaux
Le déploiement repose sur deux échelles complémentaires :
| Dispositif | Échelle | Pilotage / Composition | Mission Principale | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | PTSM (Projet Territorial de Santé Mentale) | Départementale | Professionnels du sanitaire, médico-social et social. | Organisation globale, décloisonnement des parcours de vie et de santé. | | CLSM (Conseil Local de Santé Mentale) | Locale (Ville/Intercom) | Présidé par un élu, co-animé par la psychiatrie publique. | Plateforme de concertation, action sur les déterminants sociaux (logement, environnement). |
1.3 Le Rôle des Collectivités Locales
Bien que la santé mentale ne soit pas une compétence directe des mairies, elles agissent via leurs compétences transversales :
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Urbanisme et environnement : Impact positif des espaces verts et des jardins partagés sur le bien-être psychique.
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Éducation et petite enfance : Levier pour agir sur les compétences psychosociales (ex: programme PRODAS).
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Universalisme proportionné : Cibler prioritairement les populations les plus vulnérables tout en maintenant une offre pour tous.
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2. La Prise en Charge des Adolescents : Les MDA
Les Maisons des Adolescents (MDA) sont des structures pivots pour les 11-25 ans, conçues pour pallier les ruptures de parcours.
2.1 Principes Fondamentaux
Les MDA reposent sur une culture de réseau et quatre missions socles :
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Accueil, écoute et information (gratuité, anonymat, libre adhésion).
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Évaluation et repérage des problématiques.
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Prise en charge de courte durée (n'est pas un lieu de soin permanent, mais de "prise de soin").
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Orientation vers les ressources locales.
2.2 Pluridisciplinarité et Pluri-institutionnalité
Le cœur du projet MDA est le staff clinique, où collaborent des professionnels de cultures différentes (médecins, éducateurs, psychologues, avocats, assistantes sociales).
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Mise à disposition : 100 % des MDA disposent de personnels détachés par des institutions partenaires (Hôpitaux, PJJ, Conseil Départemental).
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Avantage pour l'adolescent : Il choisit le professionnel en qui il place sa confiance, facilitant ainsi l'entrée dans le parcours de soin.
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3. Situations Complexes : Le Réseau Déclics
Le dispositif Déclics (Dispositifs de Clinique Indirecte Concertée) s'occupe des adolescents dits "incasables" ou à "difficultés multiples".
3.1 Profil des Adolescents
Ce sont des jeunes souvent victimes de traumatismes précoces, présentant une "destructivité intrinsèque" et une phobie du soin.
Ils préfèrent parfois porter le "costume du délinquant" plutôt que celui du "fou" pour éviter la stigmatisation.
3.2 La Méthode de la "Clinique Indirecte"
Le réseau n'intervient pas toujours directement auprès du jeune, mais soutient les professionnels qui l'entourent :
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Archéologie du parcours : Reconstitution minutieuse de l'histoire du jeune (périnatalité, ASE, scolarité) pour identifier les points de rupture.
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Réunions Déclic (ou RCP) : Espaces neutres pour "penser l'impensé", où les partenaires (Justice, Soin, Éducatif) partagent leurs limites et coordonnent un "fil rouge" pour éviter les "patates chaudes" institutionnelles.
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4. Outils d'Orientation et Innovation : Viapsi
Le projet Viapsi, porté par la Ferepsi et financé par l'ARS Occitanie, répond à la complexité du système de santé mentale.
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Objectif : Un répertoire pédagogique unifié pour les usagers et les professionnels afin de naviguer dans le "labyrinthe" de l'offre locale.
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Fonctionnalités :
- Recherche par critères ou par "idées".
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Information déstigmatisante via des illustrations (travail d'Olivier Balez et Léa German).
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Cartographie précise des ressources (sanitaire, médico-social, associatif).
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État du déploiement : Actif sur 7 départements d'Occitanie, avec une extension prévue à toute la région début 2023, et des discussions pour une nationalisation du site.
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5. Synthèse des Enjeux Transversaux
Les échanges entre intervenants ont mis en lumière plusieurs défis persistants :
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Le Secret Professionnel Partagé : Nécessité de mieux définir le cadre légal pour permettre un échange d'informations sécurisant entre le médical et l'éducatif.
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La Posture de Réseau : Passer d'une posture de "consommateur de ressources" à celle de "contributeur", où l'on apporte un éclairage pour enrichir la réflexion collective.
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Le Case Management : Réflexion en cours sur la nécessité de désigner un coordonnateur de parcours pour les situations les plus complexes.
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L'Aller-vers : Importance cruciale des équipes mobiles pour toucher les jeunes isolés ou en refus de soin (notamment dans les zones rurales ou les quartiers prioritaires).
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Soutien à la Parentalité : Les parents doivent être reconnus comme les premiers acteurs du soin et soutenus pour éviter leur épuisement psychique.
Citation marquante : "La confiance des ados, ça se gagne goutte à goutte et ça se perd en litres." — Mohamed Gaotti, Coordinateur Déclics.
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Tags
Annotators
URL
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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58468
DOI: 10.64898/2026.01.20.700414
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Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_58468
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DOI: 10.64898/2026.01.20.700414
Resource: RRID:Addgene_62988
Curator: @scibot
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DOI: 10.64898/2026.01.20.700414
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259
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DOI: 10.64898/2026.01.20.700414
Resource: RRID:Addgene_11347
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_11347
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DOI: 10.64898/2026.01.20.700414
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
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SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
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DOI: 10.64898/2026.01.20.700414
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Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_54139
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17448
DOI: 10.3390/cimb48030241
Resource: RRID:Addgene_17448
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_17448
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8454
DOI: 10.3390/cimb48030241
Resource: RRID:Addgene_8454
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_8454
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12260
DOI: 10.3390/cimb48030241
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
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122089
DOI: 10.3390/cimb48030241
Resource: RRID:Addgene_122089
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_122089
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201953
DOI: 10.3390/cimb48030241
Resource: None
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_201953
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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109,049
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SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_109049
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72,035
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Resource: None
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_72035
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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12260
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-39175-2
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SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-39175-2
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SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_17424
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-39175-2
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SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_55759
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12524
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SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12524
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plasmid_12259
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Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12259
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Plasmid_66839
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5c00651
Resource: RRID:Addgene_66839
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_66839
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Plasmid_85680
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5c00651
Resource: RRID:Addgene_85680
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_85680
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Plasmid_60415
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5c00651
Resource: RRID:Addgene_60415
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_60415
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Plasmid_17447
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Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_17447
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plasmid_40978
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5c00651
Resource: RRID:Addgene_40978
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_40978
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plasmid_22036
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Resource: RRID:Addgene_22036
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_22036
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plasmid_71782
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5c00651
Resource: RRID:Addgene_71782
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_71782
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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62197
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.038
Resource: RRID:Addgene_62197
Curator: @olekpark
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_62197
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Addgene_12253
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.038
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12253
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12253
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Addgene_204501
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.038
Resource: RRID:Addgene_204501
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_204501
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Addgene_12259
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.038
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12259
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Addgene_127968
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.038
Resource: RRID:Addgene_127968
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_127968
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Addgene_62196
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.038
Resource: RRID:Addgene_62196
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_62196
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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RRID:Addgene_141371
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Resource: RRID:Addgene_141371
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RRID:Addgene_141370
DOI: 10.3390/bios16030167
Resource: RRID:Addgene_141370
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_141370
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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RRID:Addgene_12259
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Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12259
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RRID:Addgene_180646
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering13030336
Resource: None
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_180646
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RRID:Addgene_12260
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering13030336
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
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RRID:Addgene_52961
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering13030336
Resource: RRID:Addgene_52961
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_52961
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RRID:Addgene_12247
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering13030336
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12247
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12247
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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RRID:Addgene_119239
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag254
Resource: RRID:Addgene_119239
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_119239
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plasmid_160675
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag254
Resource: None
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_160675
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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RRID:Addgene_44170
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Resource: RRID:Addgene_44170
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_44170
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RRID:Addgene_22297
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag245
Resource: None
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_22297
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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RRID:Addgene_29520
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Resource: RRID:Addgene_29520
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SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_29520
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RRID:Addgene_12259
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69526-6
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259
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SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12259
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RRID:Addgene_12260
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Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
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SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
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RRID:Addgene_52961
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Resource: RRID:Addgene_52961
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_52961
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RRID:Addgene_113900
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69526-6
Resource: RRID:Addgene_113900
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_113900
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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SCR_021200
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z
Resource: Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Transmission Electron Microscopy Core Facility (RRID:SCR_021200)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_021200
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RRID:SCR_022526
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z
Resource: Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Light Microscopy Imaging Core Facility (RRID:SCR_022526)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_022526
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RRID:Addgene_223715
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z
Resource: None
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_223715
-
RRID:Addgene_12260
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
-
RRID:SCR_021134
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z
Resource: Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility (RRID:SCR_021134)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_021134
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RRID:Addgene_24130
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z
Resource: RRID:Addgene_24130
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_24130
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RRID:Addgene_52691
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z
Resource: RRID:Addgene_52691
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_52691
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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AB_303664
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03859
Resource: None
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_303664
-
RRID:Addgene_106920
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03859
Resource: None
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_106920
-
RRID:Addgene_55102
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03859
Resource: RRID:Addgene_55102
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_55102
-
RRID:Addgene_14860
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c03859
Resource: RRID:Addgene_14860
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_14860
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link.springer.com link.springer.com
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RRID:AB_2892682
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_3718609
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_955447
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_2753196
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_2107448
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_302459
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_2756528
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_2894870
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_10597232
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_2289842
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_3083804
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_2210545
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_2801561
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_955417
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_2714032
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_2076150
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_10644283
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
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RRID:AB_3678465
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/create_release_tables.py", line 54, in format_anno_for_release parsedanno = HypothesisAnnotation(anno) File "/home/ubuntu/dashboard/py/hypothesis.py", line 192, in init t = row['document']['title'] TypeError: string indices must be integers
Tags
- RRID:AB_2076150
- RRID:AB_3718609
- RRID:AB_2894870
- RRID:AB_955447
- RRID:AB_2892682
- RRID:AB_2289842
- RRID:AB_2210545
- RRID:AB_302459
- RRID:AB_2801561
- RRID:AB_2107448
- RRID:AB_2756528
- RRID:AB_955417
- RRID:AB_2714032
- RRID:AB_3678465
- RRID:AB_10644283
- RRID:AB_3083804
- RRID:AB_10597232
- RRID:AB_2753196
Annotators
URL
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glassmanlab.seas.harvard.edu glassmanlab.seas.harvard.edu
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Mohamed et al. (2020) put forth the idea of dismantling power assymmetries to resist data colonialism.
sentence that refers to a theory
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Couldry and Mejias (2019) propose 'data colonialism' as a new form of colonialism to make sense of the use of large amounts of data by a small group of corporate and government actors.
sentence that refers to a theory
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Taken together, these findings almost unanimously show that, on average, AI-supported writing decreases but does not eliminate writer's feelings of ownership, underscoring the need for a larger theory of AI participation in the creative process.
sentence that refers to a theory
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This can be understood through the frame of precarious work [5]; as writers feel that their work is increasingly precarious, the power differential between themselves and the organizations seeking to train LLMs grows larger.
sentence that refers to a theory
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information scholars argue that data should be collected and used in accordance with data subjects' perspectives on the acceptable use of their data [29, 40, 83].
sentence that refers to a theory
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lms.portablelearning.jp lms.portablelearning.jp
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3Dレイヤー
3Dレイヤーがないコンポジションではグレーで表示されて押せません。3Dレイヤーは応用編で学習します。
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publish.obsidian.md publish.obsidian.md
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They offer salvation, enlightenment, or moral guidance to all people, regardless of tribal, ethnic, or regional boundaries. This sets them apart from ethnic religions tied to specific groups of "chosen peo
The idea of being set apart or better than others is something that typically appeals to humans, sort of like a "cool kids club" that everybody wants to join.
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The Huns reached their peak under Attila
I know the Disney character Shun-Yu from Mulan was based off of Atilla, I wonder if Atilla would have been around the same time as Mulan was set in or not.
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removal of women from leadership roles that most historians agree they had occupied in the early years of the faith.
This is something I did not know about, I had assumed that Christianity typically had male in leadership positions.
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arliest surviving manuscript of the Gospel of Mark. Late 2nd or early 3rd century.
It amazes me that writing this old has survived. The ink survived very well in some places, with some legible words.
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nmoer.pressbooks.pub nmoer.pressbooks.pub
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Some events and trends are too recent to appear in Tier One sources, which tend to be highly specific, and sometimes you need a more general perspective on a topic. Thus, Tier Two sources can provide quality information that is more accessible to non-academics. There are three main categories. First, official reports from government agencies or major international institutions like the World Bank or the United Nations; these institutions generally have research departments staffed with qualified experts who seek to provide rigorous, even-handed information to decision-makers. Second, feature articles from major newspapers and magazines like the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, London Times, or The Economist are based on original reporting by experienced journalists (not press releases) and are typically 1500+ words in length. Third, there are some great books from non-academic presses that cite their sources; they’re often written by journalists. All three of these sources are generally well researched descriptions of an event or state of the world, undertaken by credentialed experts who generally seek to be even-handed.
Tier two, reports articles and books from credible non-academic sources
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books and scholarly articles. Academic books generally fall into three categories: (1) textbooks written with students in mind, (2) monographs which give an extended report on a large research project, and (3) edited-volumes in which each chapter is authored by different people. Scholarly articles appear in academic journals, which are published multiple times a year in order to share the latest research findings with scholars in the field.
Tier one peer reviewed academic publications
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Instead, the main objective is to highlight specific information about your topic. In this project, you may be asking “after researching general aspects about my topic, what do I want others to understand about it?”
the main objective is to highlight specific information about your topic. What do others want to understand about it?
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r. The Informative Research Report is a report that relays the results of a central research question in an organized manner through more formal sources. These resources could include Google Scholar, library catalogs and academic article databases, websites of relevant agencies, and Google searches using (site: *.gov or site: *.org). A report is written from the perspective of someone who is seeking to find specific and in-depth information about a certain aspect of a topic.
informative report results of a central research question
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Table: Research Source Tiers from Writing in College
The four tiers of research sources from Writing in College
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The purpose of an informative essay, sometimes called an expository essay
Informative essay is sometimes called expository essay
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. The Informative Research Report is a report that relays the results of a central research question in an organized manner through more formal sources.
What is Informative Research
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accessmedicine.mhmedical.com accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
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Also in small studies, the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) significantly improved leiomyoma-related bleeding scores
Adenomyosis and leiomyoma (uterine fibroids) are common, benign causes of heavy, painful periods and an enlarged uterus, but they differ in location and structure. Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows into the uterine muscle wall, causing diffuse enlargement, while leiomyomas are distinct, encapsulated muscular tumors. Both can cause severe pelvic pain and infertility. PubMed Central (PMC) (.gov) PubMed Central (PMC) (.gov)
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lms.portablelearning.jp lms.portablelearning.jp
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3秒
0:00:00:00を時間単位にするとh:mm:ss:frame
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bookshelf.vitalsource.com bookshelf.vitalsource.com
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seeing colonies instead as sources of raw materials and markets for manufactured goods.
Colonies didn’t industrialize because colonizing countries wanted raw materials, not competition.
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The end of World War II in 1945 would be much different from the end of World War I. There was no “armistice” or standing down of armies; total war yielded total defeat
WWII ended with total defeat, unlike WWI, which changed how countries rebuilt afterward.
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espanol.libretexts.org espanol.libretexts.org
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Me quede en el ejercicio 1.2.16 Multiplos y divisibles
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glassmanlab.seas.harvard.edu glassmanlab.seas.harvard.edu
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We recruited 12 active researchers by word of mouth followed bysnowball sampling [ 53 ]
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Interviews were video and audio recorded. We transcribed the audio using OpenAI's Whisper automatic speech recognition system and anonymized the transcript before analysis.
sentence describing any interview procedures
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Immediately after the focused reading task, we conducted a short interview asking participants to reflect on their experience with both tasks (Appendix J.2), followed by a post-study survey (Appendix J.3).
sentence describing any interview procedures
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The study concluded with a 15-minute semi-structured interview. During the interview, participants saw screenshots from the three conditions and were asked which they preferred and disliked, why, what they wished the interface had, what influenced their skimming, and how they normally skimmed texts.
sentence describing any interview procedures
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After the interviews, we analyzed the data using the process described in Appendix B
sentence describing any interview procedures
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We used these mock-ups as design probes [31] to inspire ideation and elicit creative responses. Specifically, we asked participants to compare and contrast alternative mock-ups and reflect on how they could be used or improved to support their known or emerging synthesis and information-foraging goals.
sentence describing any interview procedures
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In the second part of the session, we provided participants with mock-ups of possible reifications of cross-document relationships that might help them synthesize information across abstracts.
sentence describing any interview procedures
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In the first part of the session, we asked participants about their strategies for selecting publication venues for their manuscript submissions, how they identify and synthesize information from venues, their approaches to writing manuscripts, and finally, the technology they have used to help with these processes, current technology shortcomings, and ideas for addressing these challenges.
sentence describing any interview procedures
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Sessions, which were held on Zoom, lasted 55 minutes on average. Participants were compensated with $15 USD.
sentence describing any interview procedures
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The interview sessions were divided into two parts: an open-ended semi-structured interview about their backgrounds and practices, followed by feedback on a range of mock-ups, including novel reified relationships between analogous sentences in different abstracts (Figure 2).
sentence describing any interview procedures
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In order to determine (1) the context in which we might offer novel views of scientific abstracts and (2) the intelligibility of various novel prototype designs for reifying cross-abstract relationships, we conducted a formative interview study with 12 active researchers (see Appendix A for participant information).
sentence describing any interview procedures
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pre-computing and reifying cross-document analogous relationships make it psychologically possible for users to engage—if they are willing to be guided by it. (Lower NFC users are more likely to fall into this category.)
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Participants with lower NFC more frequently preferred and experienced less cognitive load when skimming with all the features enabled.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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These results suggest that these three features lose their effectiveness when not used together.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Lower NFC participants were generally guided by emergent visual patterns created by the interactions between features, especially blocks of color spanning multiple sentences created when all three features are turned on.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Dialectical activities cannot be done on a user's behalf by AI; with variation affordances, AI is supporting the user's engagement with the data themselves.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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In this sense, AbstractExplorer enables dialectical activities that users may otherwise have found to be too tedious or difficult to engage with.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Our work demonstrates that designs informed by Structure-Mapping Theory can support users in navigating, making use of, and engaging with variation present in information.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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We posit that our approach can generalize to other domains such as journalism, code synthesis, and social media analytics where visual alignment of text can enable meaningful comparisons of underlying patterns to identify relational clarity.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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We demonstrate how slicing sentences according to roles and visually aligning them can help readers perceive cross-document relationships in a coherent manner.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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In this work, we introduce a new paradigm for exploring a large corpus of small documents by identifying roles at the phrasal and sentence levels, then slice on, reify, group, and/or align the text itself on those roles, with sentences left intact.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Like prior Structural Mapping Theory (SMT)-informed work in text corpora representation, AbstractExplorer's features have enabled some users to see more of both the overview and the details at the same time, facilitating abstraction without losing context.
statements that draw general conclusions about humans, computers, and/or human-computer interaction based on the results of the specific experiment done in the paper.
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Interviews were video and audio recorded. We transcribed the audio using OpenAI's Whisper automatic speech recognition system and anonymized the transcript before analysis. We analyzed the interview data using thematic analysis [1]. First, two members of the research team independently coded four (25% of collected data) randomly chosen participant data to generate low-level codes. The inter-coder reliability between the coders was 0.88 using Krippendorff's alpha [37]. The two coders then met together to cross-check, resolve coding conflicts, and consolidate the codes into a codebook across two sessions. Using the codebook, the two coders analyzed six randomly selected participant data each. The research team then met, discussed the analysis outcomes, and finalized themes over three sessions.
sentence describing how analysis was performed on data collected by the authors of this paper
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Our work demonstrates that designs informed by Structure-Mapping Theory can support users in navigating, making use of, and engaging with variation present in information. In this sense, AbstractExplorer enables dialectical activities that users may otherwise have found to be too tedious or difficult to engage with.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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Together, the vertical and horizontal juxtapositions are designed to help users identify both high-level commonalities and nuanced variations across structurally similar sentences.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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Dialectical activities cannot be done on a user's behalf by AI; with variation affordances, AI is supporting the user's engagement with the data themselves.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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In this work, we introduce a new paradigm for exploring a large corpus of small documents by identifying roles at the phrasal and sentence levels, then slice on, reify, group, and/or align the text itself on those roles, with sentences left intact.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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These observations underscored the need for an improved UI design for authoring custom aspects, especially for those who are less familiar with the research corpus.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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Future work could explore more seamless ways of preserving context, such as allowing users to navigate through every sentence of an abstract directly within the Cross-Sentence Relationship pane, fostering a more cohesive understanding of the content.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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Supporting a new corpus would require defining new corpus-appropriate predefined aspects and chunk role labels. Other components would likely be able to remain unchanged.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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We posit that our approach can generalize to other domains such as journalism, code synthesis, and social media analytics where visual alignment of text can enable meaningful comparisons of underlying patterns to identify relational clarity.
any sentence that describes explicit design implications
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securityconference.org securityconference.org
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💻/thinkpad/🧊/♖/hyperpost/1/I/📓/2026/03/29
https://hypothes.is/a/8fQgkCsOEfGaMR_axVPfhg
)
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Iranian nuclear program
threshold countries
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to dissemble and dismantle these new walls?
require years decded
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a choice in favor of democracy, freedom, openness and a sincere partnership with all the members of the big European family.
choice mad by the people of Russia
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“the fact that we are ready not to place a NATO army outside of German territory gives the Soviet Union a firm security guarantee.” Where are these guarantees?
guarantees
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I think it is obvious that NATO expansion
does not have any relation with the modernization of the Alliance itself or with ensuring security in Europe. On the contrary, it represents a serious provocation that reduces the level of mutual trust. And we have the right to ask: against whom is this expansion intended? And what happened to the assurances our western partners made after the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact? Where are those declarations today? No one even remembers them. But I will allow myself to remind this audience what was said. I would like to quote the speech of NATO General Secretary Mr. Woerner in Brussels on 17 May 1990. He said at the time that: “the fact that we are ready not to place a NATO army outside of German territory gives the Soviet Union a firm security guarantee.” Where are these guarantees?
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nsarchive.gwu.edu nsarchive.gwu.edu
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“We believe that consultations and discussions within the framework of the ‘two+four’ mechanism should guarantee that Germany’s unification will not lead to NATO’s military organization spreading to the east.”
not lead to NATO spreading to the East
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Americans understand the importance for the USSR and Europe of guarantees that “not an inch of NATO’s present military jurisdiction will spread in an eastern direction.”
not an inch
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“not one inch eastward” formula with Gorbachev in the February 9, 1990, meeting. He agreed with Gorbachev’s statement in response to the assurances that “NATO expansion is unacceptable.” Baker assured Gorbachev that “neither the President nor I intend to extract any unilateral advantages from the processes that are taking place,” and that the Americans understood that “not only for the Soviet Union but for other European countries as well it is important to have guarantees that if the United States keeps its presence in Germany within the framework of NATO, not an inch of NATO’s present military jurisdiction will spread in an eastern direction.” (See Document 6)
not an inch Baker
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cascade of assurances about Soviet security given by Western leaders to Gorbachev and other Soviet officials throughout the process of German unification
casade of assurrances
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we should take care about non-expansion of its jurisdiction to the east.
not expnion
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www.bbc.com www.bbc.com
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Even nations that have formally apologised for their role in slavery, such as the Netherlands in 2022, have ruled out direct financial reparations to descendants of enslaved people.
Worth noting that the Netherlands abstained in the vote.
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Most of the reparations paid by governments came in the form of compensation to slave owners in the 19th Century, rather than to those who had been enslaved.
So, paying the slave owners for their lost value, rather than any attempt at restorative justice for the destruction of an entire race of people. Brilliant.
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Yes - the most famous reparations case involves Germany. Since 1952, the European nation has paid more than $80bn (£60bn) to Jewish victims of the Nazi regime, including payments to Israel.
I find this interesting, given that they voted against this resolution.
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not legally binding but analysts say it sends a powerful message
I wonder if there will be a related security council resolution.
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The United Nations General Assembly this week overwhelmingly backed a resolution declaring the transatlantic slave trade "the gravest crime against humanity".
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pascallottaz.substack.com pascallottaz.substack.com
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💻/thinkpad/🧊/♖/hyperpost/1/I/📓/2026/03/29)
Yes, 'Not an Inch to the East' Was Binding Under International Law
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Yes, 'Not an Inch to the East' Was Binding Under International Law
Yes, 'Not an Inch to the East' Was Binding Under International Law
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localhost:4321 localhost:4321
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NoteWe Want Your Feedback!
no "!"
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bafybeih5y3ze3iufg7nsnxrpmczjqapr2gnddb4dh4c2ju7unzmcx3ttkm.ipfs.dweb.link bafybeih5y3ze3iufg7nsnxrpmczjqapr2gnddb4dh4c2ju7unzmcx3ttkm.ipfs.dweb.link
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starbase118.net starbase118.net
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(b) Nomination: The candidate must be nominated by their commanding officer (Commander rank or above) and seconded by the ship’s First Officer or another officer of Commander rank or above. Self-nomination is not permitted, but soliciting a second is permitted and encouraged.
Due to confusion with a recent promotion process, could wording be added here along the lines of "to begin the Commanders promotion process"?
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(b) Captains Council: A motion is valid only if at least 60% of the commanding officers currently running a ship participate. Decisions pass by simple majority (51%+) unless this Constitution or a Bylaw specifies a higher threshold.
Similar to other annotation, this is dependent on the vote and may include Commanders.
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(b) A second from another voting member is required before the vote can proceed.
Non-voting CC observers may second a call for a vote.
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A CC motion is valid only if at least 60% of the commanding officers currently running a ship participate.
I do believe this should say 60% of eligible voters (Captains+ and Commanders) depending on the vote as determined by the CC Voting Procedure.
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nmoer.pressbooks.pub nmoer.pressbooks.pub
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Chapter 42: If you question: Is this source relevant to my purpose? Is this source reliable? The source should be used in narrative.
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Chapter 42 Evaluating sources: If you question the relvancy of the source for your purpose and if the source is reliable and reputable it could be used to support your narrative.
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publish.obsidian.md publish.obsidian.md
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They are hunters by profession and they would have the whole range of the forests for themselves and their cattle.
It seems almost like living in a town, I couldn't imagine living in a forest full of trees, I think I would get lost.
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publish.obsidian.md publish.obsidian.md
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One of our tribes was forced to wander far beyond Quebec, others dispersed in small bodies and sought places of refuge where they could. Some came to Pennsylvania, others went far to the westward and mingled with other tribes.
There could have been family members separated and never seen each other again.
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They at first asked only for a little land on which to raise bread for themselves and their families and pasture for their cattle, which we freely gave them. They soon wanted more, which we also gave them. They saw the game in the woods which the Great Spirit had given us for our subsistence and they wanted that too.
This is really disappointing, it just shows you may not receive kindness in exchange of kindness.
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Soon your mighty forest trees under the shade of whose wide spreading branches you have played in infancy, sported in boyhood, and now rest your wearied limbs after the fatigue of the chase will be cut down to fence in the land which the white intruders dare to call their own
This is very interesting to read, it's very poetic.
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publish.obsidian.md publish.obsidian.md
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Peace, civilization, and the cheerful sound of the human voice have taken the place of the frightful savage wilderness, of the nightly howling of the wolf, and the mid-day terrors of the Indian scalping knife.
This is terrible, fear of being scalped is definitely now one of my phobias.
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typewriterdatabase.com typewriterdatabase.com
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Local file Local file
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praised the lay societies at a meeting of the Dyffryn Clwyd Church Society in 1853, when heargued that lay and clerics were now waking up to their responsibilities and duties. The Churchwas being revived, and one way this could be demonstrated was by looking at the number ofchurches being built or restored
slayyyyy about revival of church buildings
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