___________
tenemos
u <- movStats(gh ~ age, stat=stats, msmooth='both', eps=30, # +/- 30 observation window melt=TRUE, data=d, pr='margin')
I needed to load the qreport package to get this function to work as written in the book. Can also set pr='plain' to run without needing qreport. Another option to get function to run as written book: do not run getRs('movStats.r') and just use the movStats() function in the Hmisc package.
But as for you, only keep (shamar) yourselves from the things under the ban - NIV = "keep away from the devoted things" This command to keep away from the "devoted" things could not have been any clearer. It means to guard, to keep oneself in this case from evil, and is the same verb used by the psalmist of Yahweh protecting and guarding His own "sheep." (Ps 127:7-8).
The guarding the sheep is interesting connection.
Because she hid. The original has an extraordinary and emphatic form, implying that she carefully and diligently hid them.
I’d like to read this original form
Incipit vita nova
"New life begins"
What does the bins argument in geom_histogram() do?
bins — sets the number of bars. R figures out the width automatically based on your data range.
binwidth — sets the width of each bar in the actual units of your variable. R figures out how many bars are needed.
So if your data ranges from 0–100:
bins = 10 → 10 bars, each automatically ~10 units wide binwidth = 10 → bars 10 units wide, automatically creates 10 bars Same result here, but they diverge when your data range is irregular. binwidth is generally preferred because it's more interpretable — saying "each bar represents 5 years" means more than "I want 20 bars.
How are the following two plots different? Which aesthetic, color or fill, is more useful for changing the color of bars?
color there is making the OUTLINE of the bars red. fill makes the entire thing red. use fill, then.
Make a bar plot of species of penguins, where you assign species to the y aesthetic. How is this plot different?
it would be horizontal instead- more or less different yeah
Recreate the following visualization. What aesthetic should bill_depth_mm be mapped to? And should it be mapped at the global level or at the geom level?
bill depth with one continuous line- natually the color is mapped to the geom level, mapped to geompoint (aes(color=bill_dep))
Will these two graphs look different? Why/why not?
no, they are applied on both local levels and on the global level- yields same result, but global is just easier.
Run this code in your head and predict what the output will look like. Then, run the code in R and check your predictions. ggplot( data = penguins, mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, color = island) ) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(se = FALSE)
method=lm not added, a regression curve is used making everything more curvy. you have three separate trend lines since the color is specified on mapping, and the graph is stratified as per the island here.
Make a scatterplot of bill_depth_mm vs. bill_length_mm. That is, make a scatterplot with bill_depth_mm on the y-axis and bill_length_mm on the x-axis. Describe the relationship between these two variables.
made- it looks almost liek there is no/rnegative relationship, but if you look at each individual species, they have a positive relationship but the trend line is negative. This is an example of confounding as per Simpson's Paradox, where the overall trend reverses as each species is on its own distinct point on the plot, but we see here that each has a positive relationship.. The overall negative trend here is being confounded by species- here species-specific stratificaiton is most important, as the crude trend overall can lie.
What does the na.rm argument do in geom_point()? What is the default value of the argument? Create a scatterplot where you successfully use this argument set to TRUE
na.rm controls whether R warns you about missing (NA) values when it plots. By default it's FALSE, which means R will plot everything it can but show you a warning message like "Removed 2 rows containing missing values" — you've already seen this in your console earlier.
Setting it to TRUE just silences that warning. It still removes the NA rows from the plot either way — the only difference is whether R tells you about it or not.
r ggplot(penguins, aes(x=flipper_length_mm, y=body_mass_g)) + geom_point(na.rm=TRUE) Run that, then run it without na.rm=TRUE and compare your console output. The plot looks identical — but without it you get the warning message, with it you don't.
For your epi work, I'd actually recommend leaving it as FALSE (the default). You want to know when data is missing — missing data is a big deal in epidemiology and silencing warnings about it is a bad habit. But the exercise just wants you to know the argument exists.
Add the following caption to the plot you made in the previous exercise: “Data come from the palmerpenguins package.” Hint: Take a look at the documentation for labs().
in labs(), we then add a line with a comma that says: caption = "......"
Why does the following give an error and how would you fix it? ggplot(data = penguins) + geom_point()
in R studio, put them in same line, taking care to add the plus after the function., so:
ggplot (data=penguins) + geom_point()
What happens if you make a scatterplot of species vs. bill_depth_mm? What might be a better choice of geom?
without even needing to try, species has 3 distinct classes- this would not be properly represrnted on a scatter. instead, try a bar graph., i.e, geom_bar()
What does the bill_depth_mm variable in the penguins data frame describe? Read the help for ?penguins to find out.
numeric variable indicating the bill depth of a penguin in millimeters(mm)
How many rows are in penguins? How many columns?
344 rows, 8 column.
When aesthetic mappings are defined in ggplot(), at the global level, they’re passed down to each of the subsequent geom layers of the plot. However, each geom function in ggplot2 can also take a mapping argument, which allows for aesthetic mappings at the local level that are added to those inherited from the global level. Since we want points to be colored based on species but don’t want the lines to be separated out for them, we should specify color = species for geom_point() only.
When you put something inside ggplot(aes(...)), it applies to everything you add after it — every geom_point(), geom_line(), geom_smooth(), all of them. That's the "global" level. In other words, you will see that there is GLOBAL APPLICATION OF COLOR=SPECIES HERE, such that color is applied to the LINE POINTS AND SMOOTH CURVE, creating 3 different lines per color/species.
When you put something inside a specific geom like geom_point(aes(...)), it only applies to that one layer. That's the "local" level. As a result, putting color=species here maintains the different colors for the various points, since this is the points layer, BUT only applies "local color" to the points in question.
Link functions allow the systematic component (β0+β1X1+…βpXp) to live on (−∞,∞) while keeping the μi consistent with the range of the response variable. For example, g−1(η)=exp(η) ensures that the mean in Poisson regression models, λi, is greater than or equal to 0. Similarly, g−1(η)=exp(η)1+exp(η) ensures the mean of logistic regression models, pi, is between 0 and 1 (Figure 14.2).
I found this chunk a little unintuitive...I'm wondering if it might be better to phrase it something like:
Link functions $g(\cdot)$ transform the response onto the unbounded scale of the linear predictor $\nu_i = X_i \cdot \beta$, allowing regression coefficients to operate without constraint. Inverse link functions $g^{-1}(\cdot)$ map the linear predictor back onto the scale of the response. This ensures that predictions respect their distributional constraints (e.g., non-negative for count data, bounded between 0 and 1 for binary data).
Generalized** linear models
Latex is showing here
casey newtonWell, Kevin, pull out the couch because it’s time for therapy.
beginning of section on “Putting ChatGPT On the Couch”
Again, no one presently knowsthe answer to this question
The last of the four so called Landau's problems.
In 1994, Smith Corona moved manufacturing from the Route 13 plant to Tijuana, Mexico, leaving some supplementary operations at the South Cortland facility. In 1988, the company left the sprawling, largely vacant complex to the Bennie Road site.
Smith Corona closes shop after nearly a century<br /> by [[Kelly Palmer]]<br /> accessed on 2026-05-16T13:06:28
As the last Smith Corona workers drove away, they took the local bits and pieces of the last U.S. typewriter manufacturer with them.
Last typewriter manufacturer in the U.S. was Smith-Corona
2001-05-03
Typesapce reputation being chipped away at by AI slop accusations...
A Ladybug Walker
This is a good mini-workout, and the solution is given. Note the introduction of unit vector \(\hat{u}\).
The State of Texas has a website
Please move all of the text next to the picture.
David Manheim (Technion/ALTER) and Mirjam Capuder (University of Maribor) participated. The session was recorded — all attendees joined knowing this. It covered introductions, a walkthrough of the interactive cost model dashboard, and early framing questions about key modeling uncertainties. Full recording pending participant review before public release.
mention the insights here? I'm not sure we'll put out htis video either; it's not something interesting to watch , I guess. It was mostly preparation and broad discussion.
You Don't Need A New Smartwatch!
People accused of a crime can represent themselves or may retain a criminal defense lawyer to represent them. Si
How can I delete this private page and the next page.
In 2022, Kohl’s agreed to a $2.5 million Federal Trade Commission settlement over false sustainability claims, and Walmart settled similar charges for $3 million the same year.
Legal risk: Deceptive green marketing violates consumer protection laws, risking multi-million-dollar lawsuits and heavy financial fines. (similar to Walmart and Kohl's cases).
alleging that H&M engaged in deceptive practices and false advertising by marketing these products as more sustainable than they actually were, knowing consumers would pay premium prices based on false environmental claims.
Ethical concern: The company exploits consumers' good intentions and charges premium prices based on fake sustainability claims just to boost corporate profits.
For example, a black dress was labeled as using 20% less water in production than an industry average, but H&M’s own supply chain data showed it actually used 20% more water.
Misleading data: Presenting inverted figures (claiming 20% less water when it used 20% more) is highly deceptive and misleads consumers who trust the metrics.
exposed systematic false claims in H&M’s online “Sustainability Profiles”—detailed environmental scorecards that appeared next to product listings and purported to show the environmental impact of each garment.
Greenwashing Claim: The brand uses 'Sustainability Profiles' to look eco-friendly, but lacks verification, creating a false green image to attract consumers.
Refer to the diagrammatic representation of
I made this figure 7.4 but should the link to the website also be hyperlinked below or does the sentence above cover its attribution.
Figure 7.9 FILE – President Joe Biden, right, and Republican presidential candidate former President Donald Trump, left, during a presidential debate June 27, 2024, in Atlanta. (AP Photo/Gerald Herbert, File
Is it allowable to use this photo since it is a AP photo?
When corporations lie, they will eventually lose respect, loyalty and business.
Misleading sustainability claims may create long-term reputational and financial risks for companies.
fast-fashion retailers shouldn’t have the right to lie to everyone else,
This statement highlights ethical concerns regarding false environmental marketing and misleading communication toward consumers.
If brands want to avoid more of this kind of investigation in the future, they need to engage directly with organizations exclusively focused on reducing environmental impact and increasing the sustainability and reuse of products.”
Companies should work with credible environmental organisations to ensure their sustainability claims are accurate and ethically responsible.
“The industry cannot rely on trade associations as the arbiters of sustainability or eco-impact scoring,”
Sustainability claims should be verified by independent organisations to ensure transparency and avoid conflicts of interest.
H&M would be well advised to get their house in order or face consumer backlash at the register and on social media
This statement shows that misleading sustainability claims may damage consumer trust and negatively affect brand reputation through public backlash.
touting products that used 30 percent more water as using 30 percent less water
This creates serious ethical concerns because consumers may believe the products are environmentally friendly when the actual environmental impact is much higher.
The trade group has paused the use of the consumer-facing transparency scorecards in response to a complaint by the Norwegian Consumer Authority and is reassessing their methodology.
The suspension of the scorecards indicates that concerns regarding the accuracy and reliability of the sustainability information were taken seriously.
the company’s environmental promise is undermined by greenwashing.
This statement suggests that H&M’s sustainability image may be misleading because the company’s actual business practices do not fully support its environmental claims.
some instances in which H&M’s scorecards allegedly gave information about the sustainability of a product that was completely opposite from the truth.
Providing sustainability information that contradicts the truth may create legal risks related to false advertising and misleading marketing practices.
more than half of the scorecards portrayed products as being better for the environment than they actually were.
This may be considered greenwashing because consumers are given inaccurate information regarding the environmental impact of the products.
6.5 Political Participation
Move this entire section to the end of 6.4. Section 6.5 would then be deleted and knowledge check would be 6.5.
Figure 6.1: Image from: Smithsonian
I added/changed the Did you know, but could you please delete the box. Is figure cited correctly or should it be hyperlinked?
J’ai pu rendre compte des intenses disputes juridictionnelles entre médecins, chercheurs, infirmières, thérapeutes paramédicaux, qui se sont concentrées autour des conditions à respecter pour pouvoir attribuer un label « thérapeutique » à ces pratiques. Comme dans le cas des recherches sur les I.A.T., le pouvoir de la sphère biomédicale est très fort : le consensus autour de la politique de « la thérapie aux thérapeutes » (qui consiste à réserver l’utilisation du terme « thérapie » à des professionnels du soin titulaires d’un diplôme déjà reconnu par l’autorité médicale) témoigne bien de la force d’inertie des professions établies (Strauss, 1992) dans ce milieu. Certains segments professionnels comme celui des infirmières ont, en revanche, su tirer profit du soin par le contact animalier pour étendre leur juridiction.
pouvoir de la sphère bio médicale sur l'utilisation du terme "thérapie"
cells navigate a latent
cells navigate a - latent, - ordered morphospace of possibilities
beyond - local molecular interactions and ancestral selection.
Levin provocatively frames this - in terms of forms and - goals that ingress from beyond space-time -
《四书》
四书又称为四子书,是指《论语》《孟子》《大学》《中庸》。五经是《诗经》《尚书》《礼记》《周易》和《春秋》。
The collective pullback among collectors is more likely linked to the plummeting secondary-market values of all the painting they bought over the past five years.
It's just like the games industry!
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The Old Svalich Road transitions here from being a winding path through the Balinok Mountains to a lazy trail that hugs the mountainside as it descends into a fog-filled valley. In the heart of the valley you see a walled town near the shores of a great mountain lake, its waters dark and still. A branch in the road leads west to a promontory, atop which is perched a dilapidated stone windmill, its warped wooden vanes stripped bare.
PC INFO: As the Old Svalich road begins to travel in a northerly direction it transitions here from being a winding path through the Balinok Mountains to a lazy trail that hugs the mountainside as it descends into a fog filled valley. Vagley through the mists you can make out a walled town near the shores of a large mountian lake. A muddy branch road with many narrow wheel ruts from a light cart leads to a promontory atop of which is perched a dilapidated stone windmill, its warped wooden vanes stripped bare.
Old Bonegrinder
In our game refer to the old bone grinder as the old mill, old grain mill or the stone grinder.
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Zeilenabstand
angenommen, dass der Fötus hier eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Der Platz wird jetzt auch für Ihr Kind langsam eng, die Fruchtwassermenge nimmt ab und wird von uns nun, wenn der Termin erreicht oder gar überschritten wurde, regelmäßig kontrolliert werden.
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und keine Beschwerden machen und außerhalb der Schwangerschaft auch nicht behandlungsbedürftig sind. Die Bakterien können für das Neugeborene eine große Gefahr darstellen, insbesondere dann, wenn sich das Kind während der Geburt ansteckt. Aus diesem Grund erhält eine Frau unter der Geburt ein Antibiotikum wenn zwischen Blasensprung und Geburt des Kindes mehr als 12 Stunden verstrichen sind, oder wenn die Entbindende Fieber unter der Geburt entwickelt. Sind die oben genannten Bakterien zuvor durch eine Abstrich nachgewiesen worden, würde man einer Frau unter der Geburt nach dem Blasensprung ein Antibiotikum verabreichen und damit das Kind vor einer Infektion unter der Geburt schützen.
Zeilenabstand
Was wir Ihnen zusätzlich empfehlen würden:
fett
Wenn Sie den Arzt, der Sie während der Geburt betreuen soll, gerne vorher kennen möchten und Ihnen die Wolfartklinik in Gräfelfing gut gefällt, dann steht ihnen Herr PD Dr. Raab jederzeit bei Tag oder Nacht zur Verfügung.
Streichen
33.-36.
In der 32. Woche erfolgt auch die Blutuntersuchung auf Hepatitis B.
Streichen
Da der Bauch immer größer wird, verschwinden die möglicherweise bestehenden Schwangerschaftsbeschwerden natürlich nicht. Es kommt zu Übungswehen, die man besonders bei körperlicher Belastung vermehrt spüren kann und die ein Zeichen dafür sein können, einfach mal eine Pause zu machen.
Zeilenabstand
29.-32.
Tokogramm: Untersuchung auf Wehentätigkeit
Streichen
Kontrolle und körperliche Untersuchung und erste Hilfe für all die oben genannten Schwangerschaftsbeschwerden.
streichen
werden. Besenreiser, Schwangerschaftsstreifen der Haut und auch die erste Milchsekretion können dazu kommen.Schwangerschaft ist jetzt häufig nicht nur schön.
Zeilenabstand
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Zeilenabstand
Blutuntersuchung auf Antikörper gegen Ringelröteln
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5.-8. W
schaftstest. Diesen kann man frei verkäuflich in der Apotheke oder in einer Drogerie erwerben.Bei positivem Testergebnis machen Sie einfach einen Termin bei uns.
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Ergänzend finden Sie in unserer Infothek weitere Informationen und Themen.
Satz Streichen
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Das sollte eine Überschrift sein Thin Prep Krebsvorsorgeabstrich
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Jim Hollan and Scott Stornetta. Beyond being there. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '92, 119–125. New York, NY, USA, June 1992. Association for Computing Machinery. URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/142750.142769 (visited on 2023-12-08), doi:10.1145/142750.142769. [p7] Jim Hollan and Scott Stornetta. Beyond being there. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '92, 119–125. Monterey, California, United States, 1992. ACM Press. URL: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=142750.142769 (visited on 2023-12-08), doi:10.1145/142750.142769.
This source seems important because its main idea is not that computers should perfectly copy face-to-face interaction, but that they can support new forms of communication with their own strengths. I think that connects really well to crowdsourcing, since online systems can coordinate large groups across distance and time in ways in-person collaboration usually cannot.
Because of these (and other) differences, different forms of communication might be preferable for different tasks.
I liked this point because it shows that crowdsourcing is not just about gathering many people, but also about choosing the right communication structure. For example, asynchronous and archived communication can help large groups coordinate more fairly and efficiently. At the same time, those same features can make participation feel less personal, so there is always a tradeoff.
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–
alles kleine Gedankenstriche und wir müssen alle Texte so umstellen dass immer die Jahreszahlen vorne stehen damit es einheitlich ist wie bei Frau Dr. Emmerich
1.1.
Nur 2026 nicht 1.1