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  1. Dec 2020
    1. Many linguistics books have used Genie's case study as an example to illustrate principles of language acquisition, frequently citing it as support of Chomsky's hypothesis of language being innate to humans and of a modified version of Lenneberg's critical period hypothesis, and her work with Genie provided the impetus for several additional case studies.
  2. Nov 2020
    1. Theia was an Earth trojan about the size of Mars, with a diameter of about 6,102 km (3,792 miles).

      Where did the Moon come from? https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/427539/pdf E Belbruno, JR Gott III - The Astronomical Journal, 2005

      We propose that the giant impactor could have formed in a stable orbit among debris at Earth’s L4 (or L5) Lagrange point. We show that such a configuration is stable, even for a Mars-sized impactor. It could grow gradually by accretion at L4 (or L5), but eventually gravitational interactions with other growing planetesimals could kick it out into a chaotic creeping orbit, which we show would likely cause it to hit Earth on a zero-energy parabolic trajectory. We argue that this scenario is possible and should be further studied.

      Jacobson, S.A. and Walsh, K.J., 2015. Earth and terrestrial planet formation. The early Earth: Accretion and differentiation, pp.49-70.

      https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.03852.pdf

      The feeding zones,which determine the compositions of Earth and Venus follow a particular pattern determined by Jupiter, while the feeding zones of Mars and Theia, the last giant impactor on Earth, appear to randomly sample the terrestrial disk. Thelate accreted mass samples the disk nearly evenly.

      https://www.researchgate.net/profile/E_Asphaug/publication/280321193_Impact_Origin_of_the_Moon/links/55bb9a8e08aec0e5f4418e9f.pdf Asphaug, E., 2014. Impact origin of the Moon?. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 42, pp.551-578.

      The idea that Earth and the Moon coaccreted as a binary pair was refined by Morishima &Watanabe (2001) in the context of the waning solar nebula. But W isotopes and other chronometers(Touboul et al. 2007) have shown that the Moon must have formed long after the disappearance of the gas, at∼4.5 Ga or later. Without the nebula, coaccretion appears impossible to support dynamically. Another idea—another kind of coaccretion—is that Theia formed at one of Earth’s Trojanpoints (Belbruno & Gott 2005) or otherwise in the same feeding zone near 1 AU. Coformationof some kind is consistent with the low-velocity collision that is required of the standard model.But even if the physical conditions could be satisfied to make a Mars-mass Trojan, it might notbe sufficient to make Theia in the same feeding zone as Earth, or in a Trojan point of Earth, togive it indistinguishable isotopes. A Trojan point exists only after Earth is substantially accreted,so it would be a depleted and much less massive region of the disk. It remains to be demonstrated how a Trojan Theia or a nearby Theia, forming at lower pressures, fugacities, and temperatures and with different boundary conditions, would have the same isotopes.

    2. Theia might have formed in the outer Solar System rather than the inner Solar System, and that much of Earth's water originated on Theia.

      Popular account here

      "They show that most of the molybdenum in Earth's mantle was supplied by the protoplanet Theia, whose collision with Earth 4.4 billion years ago led to the formation of the Moon. However, since a large part of the molybdenum in Earth's mantle originates from the outer solar system, this means that Theia itself also originated from the outer solar system. According to the scientists, the collision provided sufficient carbonaceous material to account for the entire amount of water on Earth. "Our approach is unique because, for the first time, it allows us to associate the origin of water on Earth with the formation of the Moon. To put it simply, without the Moon there probably would be no life on Earth," says Thorsten Kleine, Professor of Planetology at the University of Münster."

      https://www.uni-muenster.de/news/view.php?cmdid=10278&lang=en

    1. the pinyin romanization of this Chinese word is becoming more widely used instead of the two common translations of it—"connections" and "relationships"—as neither of those terms sufficiently reflects the wide cultural implications that guanxi describes.

      Nuance Precision of words

    1. notion

      I don't feel very comfortable with this choice of wording, perhaps because the dictionary definition includes such wishy-washy definitions as "A belief or opinion." "An impulse or whim."

      Why not choose a better word like "property"? Which is what they called it here, for example.

      (Even "concept" or "idea", though just as vague, might be better than notion?)

    2. the adjective strong or the adverb strongly may be added to a mathematical notion to indicate a related stronger notion; for example, a strong antichain is an antichain satisfying certain additional conditions, and likewise a strongly regular graph is a regular graph meeting stronger conditions. When used in this way, the stronger notion (such as "strong antichain") is a technical term with a precisely defined meaning; the nature of the extra conditions cannot be derived from the definition of the weaker notion (such as "antichain")
    1. In December 1940, Constable Alexander was accidentally scratched by a rose thorn on his face.

      Source says

      The stories normally have it that Albert Alexander had scratched his face on a rose bush, the wound had become infected and the infection had spread. But Eric offers an alternative. He has an old police pamphlet of stories about individual officers which suggests Alexander was injured during a bombing raid while he was on secondment from Abingdon to Southampton. He was transferred to the Radcliffe Infirmary when his infection became severe. Frustratingly his hospital notes don’t reveal the cause of his infections. >

    1. Outside the nucleus, free neutrons are unstable and have a mean lifetime of 879.6±0.8 s (about 14 minutes, 40 seconds); therefore the half-life for this process (which differs from the mean lifetime by a factor of ln(2) = 0.693) is 610.1±0.7 s (about 10 minutes, 10 seconds).

      More than stable enough to perform neutron scattering experiments.

    1. encouraged tutors to educate their students through practice, travel, and human interaction. In doing so, he argued that students would become active learners, who could claim knowledge for themselves.

      主动学习者的技能是一旦获得终生受用的。因为经历过的实践,旅行,和人际关系,带来幸福感和挫折感都成了宝贵的财富。即使主动学习带来的乐趣和痛苦分量相当,人脑也只会记住幸福感,而忘却痛苦,对新事物的纯求知乐趣会成为一辈子的习性。

    2. students would become passive adults, blindly obeying and lacking the ability to think on their own

      实践出来的真知有天然的科学思辨性,因为实践的过程不可能是一帆风顺,所有通过坚毅得出真知的实践,都面对过不同程度不同视角的挑战,换句话说,是经过思辨选择之后的结果。这样提炼之后形成的思维更经得起未来的考研,更全面和更容易的未以后的实践中最决策产生正面的效应,从而产生认知正循环。相比之下认识负循环和内循环,这容易用一个没经过实践验证过的理论去解释另一个正在经历的实践的失败结果。

    3. a child's curiosity could serve as an important teaching tool when the child is allowed to explore the things that the child is curious about

      这点对家长特别难,因为孩子的好奇心意味着,时间,花销,精力,甚至危险。要想成为一个好家长,首先要自己要储备足够的精力,修养足够的耐心(对于很多家长,只要有精力还是有耐心的,毕竟是亲生的娃),还要有足够的财力。

    1. In December 2019, The Washington Post reported that the US Justice Department was investigating whether Sci-Hub founder Alexandra Elbakyan had links with Russian intelligence, in part due to the suspicion that tacit approval or assistance of the Russians is required for an operation of the scale of Sci-Hub.[33]

      Russians for open-access literature?! Are we really complaining, and wasting our time investigating?

    1. A problem arose historically which held up progress for twenty years: although we start with the assumption of three basic "simple" actions, the rules of the game say that if we want to calculate the probability amplitude for an electron to get from A to B, we must take into account all the possible ways: all possible Feynman diagrams with those endpoints.

      l

    1. A moving average is commonly used with time series data to smooth out short-term fluctuations and highlight longer-term trends or cycles. The threshold between short-term and long-term depends on the application, and the parameters of the moving average will be set accordingly.
    1. That is, if Company A owns 80% or more of the stock of Company B, Company A will not pay taxes on dividends paid by Company B to its stockholders, as the payment of dividends from B to A is essentially transferring cash from one company to the other.
    1. In July 2010, Microsoft let go Jimmy Schementi, one of two remaining members of the IronRuby core team, and stopped funding the project.[19][20] In October 2010 Microsoft announced the Iron projects (IronRuby and IronPython) were being changed to "external" projects and enabling "community members to make contributions without Microsoft's involvement or sponsorship by a Microsoft employee".
    1. He hosted Disney Channel's Mouseterpiece Theater (a Masterpiece Theatre spoof which featured Disney cartoon shorts). In the "I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can" episode of The Simpsons, he hosts the "Spellympics" and attempts to bribe Lisa Simpson to lose with the offer of a scholarship at a Seven Sisters College and a hot plate; "it's perfect for soup!"[24] He had a recurring role as the grandfather of Dr. Carter on the NBC series ER.[25] He also appeared in an episode of the NBC sitcom Wings.

      He played a hand in many very popular shows.

    2. In 1958, prior to a post-season exhibition game at Yankee Stadium between teams managed by Willie Mays (National League) and Mickey Mantle (American League), Plimpton pitched against the National League. His experience was captured in the book Out of My League. (He intended to face both line-ups, but tired badly and was relieved by Ralph Houk.) Plimpton sparred for three rounds with boxing greats Archie Moore and Sugar Ray Robinson while on assignment for Sports Illustrated.[citation needed] In 1963, Plimpton attended preseason training with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League as a backup quarterback, and he ran a few plays in an intrasquad scrimmage. These events were recalled in his best-known book Paper Lion, which was later adapted into a 1968 feature film starring Alan Alda. Plimpton revisited pro football in 1971,[17] this time joining the Baltimore Colts and seeing action in an exhibition game against his previous team, the Lions. These experiences served as the basis of another football book, Mad Ducks and Bears, although much of the book dealt with the off-field escapades and observations of football friends Alex Karras ("Mad Duck") and John Gordy ("Bear").[18] Another sports book, Open Net, saw him train as an ice hockey goalie with the Boston Bruins, even playing part of a National Hockey League preseason game

      This narrative shows how successful he was in his sports career. He did all kinds of things.

    3. In 1953, Plimpton joined the influential literary journal The Paris Review, founded by Peter Matthiessen, Thomas H. Guinzburg, and Harold L. "Doc" Humes, becoming its first editor in chief. This periodical has carried great weight in the literary world, but has never been financially strong; for its first half-century, it was allegedly largely financed by its publishers and by Plimpton.

      This speaks of a great accomplishment in literature.

    4. Plimpton attended St. Bernard's School, Phillips Exeter Academy (from which he was expelled just shy of graduation), and Mainland High School, where he received his high school diploma[15] before entering Harvard College in July 1944. He wrote for the Harvard Lampoon, was a member of the Hasty Pudding Club, Pi Eta, the Signet Society, and the Porcellian Club. He majored in English. Plimpton entered Harvard as a member of the Class of 1948, but did not graduate until 1950 due to intervening military service. He was also an accomplished birdwatcher.

      This speaks a lot about him as a character because he struggled in behaving in school and went on to go to college. This is big character development.

    5. George Ames Plimpton (March 18, 1927 – September 25, 2003) was an American journalist, writer, literary editor, actor and occasional amateur sportsman. He is widely known for his sports writing and for helping to found The Paris Review, as well as his patrician demeanor and accent. He was also famous for "participatory journalism" which included competing in professional sporting events, acting in a Western, performing a comedy act at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, and playing with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra[1] and then recording the experience from the point of view of an amateur.

      This describes who he was and what he did.

    6. Researcher and writer Samuel Arbesman filed with NASA to name an asteroid after Plimpton; NASA issued the certificate 7932 Plimpton in 2009.

      An honor that was well deserved. He seemed to be a very creative, intelligent writer.

    7. He had a small role in the Oscar-winning film Good Will Hunting,[21] playing a psychologist. Plimpton played Tom Hanks's antagonistic father in Volunteers.[

      Plimpton really did it all, which I think made it possible for him to have such a successful writing career. It amazes me that he took the time and put so much effort in order to understand what he was writing about.

    8. A November 6, 1971, cartoon in The New Yorker by Whitney Darrow Jr. shows a cleaning lady on her hands and knees scrubbing an office floor while saying to another one: "I'd like to see George Plimpton do this sometime."

      The character in the cartoon describes how Plimpton wrote his narratives, by putting himself in the shoes of who or what he is writing about.

    9. His mother was Pauline Ames,[12] the daughter of botanist Oakes Ames and artist Blanche Ames. Both of Plimpton's maternal grandparents were born with the surname Ames; his mother was the granddaughter of Medal of Honor recipient Adelbert Ames (1835-1933), an American sailor, soldier, and politician, and Oliver Ames, a US political figure and the 35th Governor of Massachusetts (1887–1890). She was also the great-granddaughter on her father's side of Oakes Ames (1804–1873), an industrialist and congressman who was implicated in the Crédit Mobilier railroad scandal of 1872; and Governor-General of New Orleans Benjamin Franklin Butler, an American lawyer and politician who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and later served as the 33rd Governor of Massachusetts.[13]

      Plimpton is the character of this story and this opening describes that he came from what seems to have been a successful family. This sets the stage for the success that he would have in his career and life.

    10. In the April 1, 1985 issue of Sports Illustrated, Plimpton pulled off a widely reported April Fools' Day prank. With the help of the New York Mets organization and several Mets players, Plimpton wrote a convincing account of a new unknown pitcher in the Mets spring training camp named Siddhartha Finch who threw a baseball over 160 mph, wore a heavy boot on one foot, and was a practicing Buddhist with a largely unknown background

      The narrative of this work by Plimpton was created as a prank. By following sports like I do, I could see how this work could be taken as real by other teams and fans and I am sure it caused quite the fear amongst other teams.

    11. An oral biography titled George, Being George was edited by Nelson W. Aldrich Jr., and released on October 21, 2008.

      Plimpton sounds like an interesting figure in his era. As a writer, he seemed to want to be able to speak from personal experiences, despite the fact that many of his works seemed to be non-fiction. To understand something fully, you have to put yourself in the shoes of who you are writing about and it seems as if Plimpton achieved this.

    12. At Harvard, Plimpton was a classmate and close personal friend of Robert F. Kennedy. Plimpton, along with former decathlete Rafer Johnson and American football star Rosey Grier, was credited with helping wrestle Sirhan Sirhan to the floor when Kennedy was assassinated following his victory in the 1968 California Democratic primary at the former Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California. Kennedy died the next day at Good Samaritan Hospital.

      Good friendships helped him on his path, but a little weird he was involved in kennedy's death.

    13. Plimpton was a demolitions expert in the post-World War II Army. After returning to New York from Paris, he routinely fired off fireworks at his evening parties.[28

      seems like one of pimptons many hobbies, scientist type vibes.

    14. The prank was so successful that many readers believed the story, and the ensuing popularity of the joke resulted in Plimpton writing an entire book on Finch.

      Pimpton was very clever, and knew how to tell a story and this grew his popularity.

    15. In 1963, Plimpton attended preseason training with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League as a backup quarterback, and he ran a few plays in an intrasquad scrimmage.

      Pimpton was all over the place, even got to play some football!

    16. This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents

      It's interesting that they so openly ask for revisions. . .I wonder why the information is a mystery?

    1. Although Lamarr had no formal training and was primarily self-taught, she worked in her spare time on various hobbies and inventions,

      This is a description of what Lamar did on her spare time.

    2. She initially turned down the offer he made her (of $125 a week), but booked herself onto the same New York-bound liner as he. During the trip, she impressed him enough to secure a $500 a week contract.

      This can be viewed as the argument and counterargument as she was seeking higher pay for her work.

    3. As a child, Kiesler showed an interest in acting and was fascinated by theatre and film. At the age of 12, she won a beauty contest in Vienna.[17] She also began to associate invention with her father, who would take her out on walks, explaining how various technologies in society functioned

      This BACKGROUND helps us understand where she came from as it all started from her early childhood.

    4. At the beginning of World War II, Lamarr and composer George Antheil developed a radio guidance system for Allied torpedoes

      This can help with the PLOT of her life, by showing one of the events that took place mixed with one of her many accomplishments.

    5. Hedy Lamarr (/ˈheɪdi/), born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler (November or September[1] 9, 1914[a] – January 19, 2000), was an Austrian-American actress, inventor, and film producer.

      This is the introduction to Hedy Lamar.

    6. Author Richard Rhodes describes her assimilation into American culture:

      The author gave his opinion and he was an expert who wrote and won a pulitzer prize winning for the making of the atomic which means this they cited an expert opinion.

    7. Far more popular was Boom Town (1940) with Clark Gable, Claudette Colbert and Spencer Tracy; it made $5 million

      Using a visual of what made $5 million is to get the audience attention and it is relevant to what they are talking about.

    8. According to Marie Benedict's book The Only Woman In The Room, Kiesler's expression resulted from someone sticking her with a pin.

      Using specific evidence to support the claim of her expressions was from someone sticking her with a pin.

    9. "world's most beautiful woman".

      As labeling her this, this is how she was being INTRODUCED in Hollywood and in turn it helped promote her in the film industry.

    1. Hashtags are widely used on microblogging and photo-sharing services such as Twitter and Instagram as a form of user-generated tagging that enables cross-referencing of content sharing a subject or theme.

      Hashtags are a form of user-generated tagging that enables cross-referencing.

    1. The actress retired from films for almost two years, to instead focus on school and other activities.

      Wonder if she started going for her politcal career afterwards.

    2. n almost all of these films she played the role of emotional healer, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, estranged family members, traditional and modern ways, and warring armies. Characteristically lacking one or both parents, she constituted new families of those most worthy to love and protect her.

      It shows the impact of what she had and the audience in through the years.

    3. Temple, who was stranded at a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge on the roof of the hotel. She later reported that it was from here she saw an unarmed woman on the street gunned down by Soviet forces, the sight of which stayed with her for the rest of her life

      she probably suffered ptsd after this event

    4. She was appointed first female Chief of Protocol of the United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977), and in charge of arrangements for President Jimmy Carter's inauguration and inaugural ball.[97][98]

      This is a really great accomplishment and set examples for other women who might have not had confidence to run for these positions

    5. False claims circulated that Temple was not a child, but a 30-year-old dwarf, due in part to her stocky body type. The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Europe, that the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. The fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth led some people to conclude that she had all her adult teeth. Temple was actually losing her teeth regularly through her days with Fox, most notably during the sidewalk ceremony in front of Grauman's Theatre, where she took off her shoes and placed her bare feet in the cement to take attention away from her face. When acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide the gaps in her teeth.[75] Another rumor said her teeth had been filed to make them appear like baby teeth.[76] A rumor about Temple's trademark hair was the idea that she wore a wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test the rumor. She later said she wished all she had to do was wear a wig. The nightly process she endured in the setting of her curls was tedious and grueling, with weekly vinegar rinses that burned her eyes.[77] Rumors spread that her hair color was not naturally blonde. During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news spread that she was going to do extended scenes without her trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss a couple of days. As a result, a false report originated in Britain that all of her hair had been cut off.[76] Televisio

      most of these rumors circled around her appearance

    6. The nightly process she endured in the setting of her curls was tedious and grueling, with weekly vinegar rinses that burned her eyes

      She kept up with herself and burned her eyes trying to take care of her curls. Hence the saying "beauty is pain"

    7. A rumor about Temple's trademark hair was the idea that she wore a wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test the rumor.

      what a horrible rumor that people were testing out on her. ouch

    8. To get control over the corporate unlicensed use of her image and to negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Wright to represent them. On July 18, 1934, the contractual salary was raised to $1,000 per week; meanwhile, her mother's salary was raised to $250 per week, with an additional $15,000 bonus for each movie finished. Temple's original contract for $150 per week is equivalent to $2,960 in 2019, adjusted for inflation; however, the economic value of $150 during the Great Depression was equal to around $18,500 in 2019 money due to the punishing effects of deflation—six times higher than a surface-level conversion. The subsequent salary increase to $1,000 weekly had the economic value of $123,000 in 2019 money, and the bonus of $15,000 per movie (equal to $296,000 in 2019) had the purchasing power of $1.85 million (in 2019 money) in a decade when a quarter could buy a meal.

      probably the smartest thing they could have done was hire a lawyer. they lived a totally different lifestyle after this

    9. She began her diplomatic career in 1969, when she was appointed to represent the United States at a session of the United Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S. Mission under Ambassador Charles W. Yost.

      There are many Hollywood stars who have followed in her shoes and started a political career

    10. She made guest appearances on television shows in the early 1960s and filmed a sitcom pilot that was never released

      Im wondering why this film was never released?

    11. Temple was a lifelong cigarette smoker but avoided displaying her habit in public because she did not want to set a bad example for her fans.[120]

      This shows she had a good heart. She cared for her fans so much that even though she chose to smoke she made sure to hide it so she wouldn't influence any one.

    12. False claims circulated that Temple was not a child, but a 30-year-old dwarf, due in part to her stocky body type. The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Europe, that the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child.

      Here the Author exposes false rumors about the subject's identity. I believe his purpose was to make a counterargument to all of the myths.

    13. Temple began her film career at the age of three in 1931. Two years later, she achieved international fame in Bright Eyes, a feature film designed specifically for her talents. She received a special Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as a juvenile performer in motion pictures during 1934. Film hits such as Curly Top and Heidi followed year after year during the mid-to-late 1930s. Temple capitalized on licensed merchandise that featured her wholesome image; the merchandise included dolls, dishes, and clothing. Her box-office popularity waned as she reached adolescence.[1] She appeared in 29 films from the ages of 3 to 10 but in only 14 films from the ages of 14 to 21. Temple retired from film in 1950 at the age of 22.

      This is a basic paragraph that almost consists of an opening, body, and closing that summarizes the career of Temple without much argument.

    14. Most of the Shirley Temple films were inexpensively made at $200,000 or $300,000 apiece,

      This statement is describing to the audience that in fact 300,000 was "inexpensive" in the 1930's.

    15. Shirley Temple Black[note 1] (April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, singer, dancer, businesswoman, and diplomat who was Hollywood's number one box-office draw as a child actress from 1935 to 1938.

      This here is a firm opening that gives a thorough background of the subject they are talking about. Sets the stage if you will.

    16. Her mother encouraged Shirley to develop her singing, dancing, and acting talents, and in September 1931 enrolled her in Meglin's Dance School in Los Angeles.

      This shows that the mom first proposed the idea of her child's stardom. It is as if the mom convinced her that was her path through life.

    17. For the drink named after her, see Shirley Temple (drink).

      How many people have a drink named after them? I wonder what this says about her personality or celebrity?

    1. When you do the common things in life in an uncommon way, you will command the attention of the world."[53]

      Bravo!! He sure did get the attention of the world.

    2. Carver viewed faith in Jesus Christ as a means of destroying both barriers of racial disharmony and social stratification.[51] He was as concerned with his students' character development as he was with their intellectual development. He compiled a list of eight cardinal virtues for his students to strive toward:

      Its a way for anyone to share something in common. God used this man to bring many people to the kingdom, Carver probably was not well known for this but Im sure that was the whole plan, in the first place. God is good!

    3. God just came into my heart one afternoon while I was alone in the 'loft' of our big barn while I was shelling corn to carry to the mill to be ground into meal. A dear little white boy, one of our neighbors, about my age came by one Saturday morning, and in talking and playing he told me he was going to Sunday school tomorrow morning. I was eager to know what a Sunday school was. He said they sang hymns and prayed. I asked him what prayer was and what they said. I do not remember what he said; only remember that as soon as he left I climbed up into the 'loft,' knelt down by the barrel of corn and prayed as best I could. I do not remember what I said. I only recall that I felt so good that I prayed several times before I quit. My brother and myself were the only colored children in that neighborhood and of course, we could not go to church or Sunday school, o

      Amazing!! Reading this is just so heart touching to me. Its exactly how God works. He just hears you and is always there without you even knowing. Im sure God had this all planned out with his life.

    4. Carver's testifying to Congress made him widely known as a public figure.

      Again his intelligence and articulate manner won him acceptance in the community. This man must have been quite a shock for the white community to see him doing so many important things.

    5. Carver submitted or threatened his resignation several times: when the administration reorganized the agriculture programs,[26] when he disliked a teaching assignment,[27] to manage an experiment station elsewhere,[28] and when he did not get summer teaching assignments in 1913–14

      Carver definitely knew his worth and wasn't afraid to speak up. I'm sure this attitude is what helped him get as far as he did in his career.

    6. Carver designed a mobile classroom to take education out to farmers.

      Another great thing that I'm sure made a huge impact on society. Im sure there were many who couldnt leave the farms if they wanted to just because of the amount of work that had to be done.

    7. espite occasionally being addressed as "doctor," Carver never received an official doctorate, and in a personal communication with Louis H. Pammel, he noted that it was a "misnomer", given to him by others due to his abilities and their assumptions about his education

      He must have been a very articulate individual. it seems most people had a lot of respect for him.

    8. George decided to go to a school for black children 10 miles (16 km) south, in Neosho. When he reached the town, he found the school closed for the night. He slept in a nearby barn. By his own account, the next morning he met a kind woman, Mariah Watkins, from whom he wished to rent a room.

      His want to learn just astounds me. He walked 10 miles just to attend school. at such a young age that is some real drive to succeed.

    9. After slavery was abolished, Moses Carver and his wife, Susan, raised George and his older brother, James, as their own children.

      They only owned his parents 5years before the kidnapping so by them taking care of him and his brother as their own tells me they were unlike other slave owners ive read about .

    10. Apart from his work to improve the lives of farmers, Carver was also a leader in promoting environmentalism

      there is no doubt in my mind that American agriculture would not be where it is right now if it wasn't for the contributions of this man

    11. Carver believed he could have faith both in God and science and integrated them into his life

      this to me seems like a very bold and forward thinking idea as, at least in my mind, religion and science are as opposite as it gets. and for someone to have them reside and coexist within him is a fascinating concept to me.

    12. , Carver's life savings totaled $60,000, all of which he donated in his last years and at his death to the Carver Museum and to the George Washington Carver Foundation

      to me this man contributed his fair share to society in life and even at the time of his death he had one final parting gift.

    13. During the last two decades of his life, Carver seemed to enjoy his celebrity status

      this to me seems like a monumental change in lifestyle from that of his ancestors which in my opinion is really swell that is is getting to enjoy the fame that he worked hard to aquire.

    14. When he began there in 1891, he was the first black student at Iowa State.[16] Carver's Bachelor's thesis for a degree in Agriculture was "Plants as Modified by Man", dated 1894.[17][18] Iowa State University professors Joseph Budd and Louis Pammel convinced Carver to continue there for his master's degree.

      The fact that his professor encouraged him to pursue his goals and continue i think deserves more credit than stated as these were times where racial tension was at a all time peak. and his teacher supported him instead of being like the majority of society

    15. Carver was born into slavery, in Diamond Grove (now Diamond), Newton County, Missouri, near Crystal Place, sometime in the early or mid 1860s. The date of his birth is uncertain and was not known to Carver

      this to me shows just how rough and de humanized African Americans where. Knowing our date of birth is something most people take for granted meanwhile back then these people did not have that luxury

    1. Since 1964, there have been 538 electors. The number of electors from each state is the same quantity as the state's Congresspeople (members of the House of Representatives and two Senators). There are 100 senators and 435 state representatives.[20][21][22] The Twenty-third Amendment, ratified in 1961, provides that the district established pursuant to Article I, Section 8 as the seat of the federal government (namely, Washington, D.C.) is entitled to the number of electors it would have if it was a state, but no more than that of the least populous state.[23] In practice, that results in Washington D.C. being entitled to 3 electors. U.S. territories (both modern-day territories like Puerto Rico and historical territories like Dakota Territory) have never been entitled to any electors in t

      How get 538: 100 + 435 + 3 (for DC)

    1. Prominent mountain peaks near Ogden include Mount Ogden to the east and Ben Lomond to the north.

      These make for a wonderful backdrop to the Weber State Campus.

    1. The use of antioxidants to prevent some diseases is controversial.[53] In a high-risk group like smokers, high doses of beta carotene increased the rate of lung cancer since high doses of beta-carotene in conjunction of high oxygen tension due to smoking results in a pro-oxidant effect and an antioxidant effect when oxygen tension isn't high.[54][55] In less high-risk groups, the use of vitamin E appears to reduce the risk of heart disease.[56] However, while consumption of food rich in vitamin E may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged to older men and women, using vitamin E supplements also appear to result in an increase in total mortality, heart failure, and hemorrhagic stroke
    1. High doses of some antioxidants may have harmful long-term effects. The beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) study of lung cancer patients found that smokers given supplements containing beta-carotene and vitamin A had increased rates of lung cancer.[22] Subsequent studies confirmed these adverse effects.[23] These harmful effects may also be seen in non-smokers, as one meta-analysis including data from approximately 230,000 patients showed that β-carotene, vitamin A or vitamin E supplementation is associated with increased mortality, but saw no significant effect from vitamin C
    1. ALEX JONES Publisher & Director PAUL JOSEPH WATSON Editor, Staff Writer STEVE WATSON Associate Editor, Staff Writer ADAN SALAZAR Associate Editor, Staff Writer KIT DANIELS Associate Editor, Staff Writer ROB DEW Nightly News Director DAVID KNIGHT Reporter LEE ANN MCADOO Reporter JON BOWNE Correspondent MILLIE WEAVER Reporter JAMIE WHITE Associate Editor, Staff Writer OWEN SHROYER Reporter DAN LYMAN Correspondent JON RAPPOPORT Contributor SHEPARD AMBELLAS Contributor GREG REESE Contributor

  3. Oct 2020
    1. The term "x86" came into being because the names of several successors to Intel's 8086 processor end in "86", including the 80186, 80286, 80386 and 80486 processors.

      好几个使用了这个指令集的 CPU 的型号都以 86 结尾,所以将此指令集以 x86 命名

    1. Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid. In a single strand of DNA or RNA, the chemical convention of naming carbon atoms in the nucleotide sugar-ring means that there will be a 5′-end (usually pronounced "five prime end" ), which frequently contains a phosphate group attached to the 5′ carbon of the ribose ring, and a 3′-end (usually pronounced "three prime end"), which typically is unmodified from the ribose -OH substituent. In a DNA double helix, the strands run in opposite directions to permit base pairing between them, which is essential for replication or transcription of the encoded information.
    2. Nucleic acids can only be synthesized in vivo in the 5′-to-3′ direction, as the polymerases that assemble various types of new strands generally rely on the energy produced by breaking nucleoside triphosphate bonds to attach new nucleoside monophosphates to the 3′-hydroxyl (-OH) group, via a phosphodiester bond. The relative positions of structures along a strand of nucleic acid, including genes and various protein binding sites, are usually noted as being either upstream (towards the 5′-end) or downstream (towards the 3′-end).
    1. In molecular biology, complementarity describes a relationship between two structures each following the lock-and-key principle. In nature complementarity is the base principle of DNA replication and transcription as it is a property shared between two DNA or RNA sequences, such that when they are aligned antiparallel to each other, the nucleotide bases at each position in the sequences will be complementary, much like looking in the mirror and seeing the reverse of things. This complementary base pairing allows cells to copy information from one generation to another and even find and repair damage to the information stored in the sequences.
    2. The degree of complementarity between two nucleic acid strands may vary, from complete complementarity (each nucleotide is across from its opposite) to no complementarity (each nucleotide is not across from its opposite) and determines the stability of the sequences to be together. Furthermore, various DNA repair functions as well as regulatory functions are based on base pair complementarity. In biotechnology, the principle of base pair complementarity allows the generation of DNA hybrids between RNA and DNA, and opens the door to modern tools such as cDNA libraries. While most complementarity is seen between two separate strings of DNA or RNA, it is also possible for a sequence to have internal complementarity resulting in the sequence binding to itself in a folded configuration.
    1. With lexical scope, a name always refers to its lexical context. This is a property of the program text and is made independent of the runtime call stack by the language implementation. Because this matching only requires analysis of the static program text, this type of scope is also called static scope. Lexical scope is standard in all ALGOL-based languages such as Pascal, Modula-2 and Ada as well as in modern functional languages such as ML and Haskell. It is also used in the C language and its syntactic and semantic relatives, although with different kinds of limitations. Static scope allows the programmer to reason about object references such as parameters, variables, constants, types, functions, etc. as simple name substitutions. This makes it much easier to make modular code and reason about it, since the local naming structure can be understood in isolation. In contrast, dynamic scope forces the programmer to anticipate all possible execution contexts in which the module's code may be invoked.
    2. Correct implementation of lexical scope in languages with first-class nested functions is not trivial, as it requires each function value to carry with it a record of the values of the variables that it depends on (the pair of the function and this context is called a closure). Depending on implementation and computer architecture, variable lookup may become slightly inefficient[citation needed] when very deeply lexically nested functions are used, although there are well-known techniques to mitigate this.[7][8] Also, for nested functions that only refer to their own arguments and (immediately) local variables, all relative locations can be known at compile time. No overhead at all is therefore incurred when using that type of nested function. The same applies to particular parts of a program where nested functions are not used, and, naturally, to programs written in a language where nested functions are not available (such as in the C language).
    1. In 2018 Mill identified a new therapeutic technique for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).[11] She proposed that drugs which make dynein motor proteins functional could improve the quality of life of patients suffering from primary ciliary dyskinesia.[11][12] In October 2018 Mill chaired the first PCD awareness day.[13] She proposed that the Government of the United Kingdom introduced early genetic diagnosis of PCD for babies with no identified causes of neonatal respiratory distress.[14] She hopes that genome editing will be able to treat PCD.

      DiseaseRelevantResearch

    1. The recital of the creation myth is believed to restore order to the chaos caused by the death of a person. Ngaju people believes that death creates disorder and destruction of the cosmos, which must be continually recreated if life is to continue. By allowing the sangiang to possess the tukang hanteran and recite the creation myth, the cosmos is being restored.

      Looking for Hans Sharer's 1963 account of the Ngaju creation myth... I want to know what the hornbill says to his three children

    1. In 1965, he published the highly influential work Theories of Primitive Religion, arguing against the existing theories of what at the time were called "primitive" religious practices. Arguing along the lines of his theoretical work of the 1950s, he claimed that anthropologists rarely succeeded in entering the minds of the people they studied, and so ascribed to them motivations which more closely matched themselves and their own culture, not the one they were studying. He also argued that believers and non-believers approached the study of religion in vastly different ways, with non-believers being quicker to come up with biological, sociological, or psychological theories to explain religion as an illusion, and believers being more likely to come up with theories explaining religion as a method of conceptualizing and relating to reality.
    1. Formula[edit] The Y-intercept of the SML is equal to the risk-free interest rate. The slope of the SML is equal to the market risk premium and reflects the risk return tradeoff at a given time: S M L : E ( R i ) = R f + β i [ E ( R M ) − R f ] {\displaystyle \mathrm {SML} :E(R_{i})=R_{f}+\beta _{i}[E(R_{M})-R_{f}]\,} where: E(Ri) is an expected return on security E(RM) is an expected return on market portfolio M β is a nondiversifiable or systematic risk RM is a market rate of return Rf is a risk-free rate

      The key equation ... specifying risk vs return

    2. The Y-intercept of the SML is equal to the risk-free interest rate. The slope of the SML is equal to the market risk premium and reflects the risk return tradeoff at a given time: S M L : E ( R i ) = R f + β i [ E ( R M ) − R f ] {\displaystyle \mathrm {SML} :E(R_{i})=R_{f}+\beta _{i}[E(R_{M})-R_{f}]\,} where: E(Ri) is an expected return on security E(RM) is an expected return on market portfolio M β is a nondiversifiable or systematic risk RM is a market rate of return Rf is a risk-free rate

      This is one statement of the key relationship.

      The point is that the market will have a single tradeoff between unavoidable (nondiversifiable) risk and return.

      Asset's returns must reflect this, according to the theory. Their prices will be bid up (or down), until this is the case ... the 'arbitrage' process.

      Why? Because (assuming borrowing/lending at a risk free rate) *any investor can achieve a particular return for a given risk level simply by buying the 'diversified market basket' and leveraging this (for more risk) or investing the remainder in the risk free-asseet (for less risk). (And she can do no better than this.)

    1. If the fraction q {\displaystyle q} of a one-unit (e.g. one-million-dollar) portfolio is placed in asset X and the fraction 1 − q {\displaystyle 1-q} is placed in Y, the stochastic portfolio return is q x + ( 1 − q ) y {\displaystyle qx+(1-q)y} . If x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} are uncorrelated, the variance of portfolio return is var ( q x + ( 1 − q ) y ) = q 2 σ x 2 + ( 1 − q ) 2 σ y 2 {\displaystyle {\text{var}}(qx+(1-q)y)=q^{2}\sigma _{x}^{2}+(1-q)^{2}\sigma _{y}^{2}} . The variance-minimizing value of q {\displaystyle q} is q = σ y 2 / [ σ x 2 + σ y 2 ] {\displaystyle q=\sigma _{y}^{2}/[\sigma _{x}^{2}+\sigma _{y}^{2}]} , which is strictly between 0 {\displaystyle 0} and 1 {\displaystyle 1} . Using this value of q {\displaystyle q} in the expression for the variance of portfolio return gives the latter as σ x 2 σ y 2 / [ σ x 2 + σ y 2 ] {\displaystyle \sigma _{x}^{2}\sigma _{y}^{2}/[\sigma _{x}^{2}+\sigma _{y}^{2}]} , which is less than what it would be at either of the undiversified values q = 1 {\displaystyle q=1} and q = 0 {\displaystyle q=0} (which respectively give portfolio return variance of σ x 2 {\displaystyle \sigma _{x}^{2}} and σ y 2 {\displaystyle \sigma _{y}^{2}} ). Note that the favorable effect of diversification on portfolio variance would be enhanced if x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} were negatively correlated but diminished (though not eliminated) if they were positively correlated.

      Key building block formulae.

      • Start with 'what happens to the variance when we combine two assets (uncorrelated with same expected return)'

      • What are the variance minimizing shares and what is the resulting variance of the portfolio.

    1. Bose was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,[3] to a Bengali Hindu father, Noni Gopal Bose and an American mother of French and German ancestry, Charlotte. His father was an Indian freedom revolutionary[4] who, having been imprisoned for his political activities, fled Bengal in the 1920s in order to avoid further persecution by the British colonial police.[5] His mother, Charlotte, is described as an American schoolteacher of French and German ancestry,[6] but Bose described her as "more Bengali than I". She was a vegetarian and deeply interested in Vedanta and Hindu philosophy.

      Interesting history of the Bose corporation

    1. "While I trembled lest the thunders of their wrath might dissolve in showers like that of Xantippe, Mrs Flyter herself awoke, and began, in a tone of objurgation not unbecoming the philosophical spouse of Socrates, to scold one or two loiterers in her kitchen." (Book 2, Chapter 7)

      objurgation

    1. The unknot is not equivalent to the trefoil knot since one cannot be deformed into the other through a continuous path of homeomorphisms of the ambient space. Thus they are not ambient-isotopic.

    1. In mathematics, homotopy theory is a systematic study of situations in which maps come with homotopies between them. It originated as a topic in algebraic topology but nowadays it is studied as an independent discipline.

      hompotopies

    1. In 2015, ISIL was estimated to have an annual budget of more than US$1 billion and a force of more than 30,000 fighters.

      How? Where did it get the money?

    1. PCA is defined as an orthogonal linear transformation that transforms the data to a new coordinate system such that the greatest variance by some scalar projection of the data comes to lie on the first coordinate (called the first principal component), the second greatest variance on the second coordinate, and so on.[9]

      That's why a 3D sphere becomes kind of a circle after the PCA

    1. The mysteries represented the myth of the abduction of Persephone from her mother Demeter by the king of the underworld Hades, in a cycle with three phases: the descent (loss), the search, and the ascent, with the main theme being the ascent (άνοδος) of Persephone and the reunion with her mother.

      This is #Hormetic #Hormesis

    1. Information fragmentation refers to the difficulty encountered in ensuring co-operation and keeping track of different personal information assets

      Information fragmentation

    1. An Euler diagram (/ˈɔɪlər/, OY-lər) is a diagrammatic means of representing sets and their relationships. They are particularly useful for explaining complex hierarchies and overlapping definitions. They are similar to another set diagramming technique, Venn diagrams. Unlike Venn diagrams, which show all possible relations between different sets, the Euler diagram shows only relevant relationships.
    1. Longstanding controversy surrounds the meaning of the term "hacker". In this controversy, computer programmers reclaim the term hacker, arguing that it refers simply to someone with an advanced understanding of computers and computer networks[5] and that cracker is the more appropriate term for those who break into computers, whether computer criminals (black hats) or computer security experts (white hats).
    1. Hypertext fiction is a essential part of the virtual mode in literature because in the way we find some conection that permit us explore the world beyond hyperlinks.

    2. This information are very important because this hypertext fiction is part of electronic literature that we can use for share some works or information about literature.