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  1. Jul 2025
  2. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    The human cytomegalovirus-encoded pUS28 antagonizes CD4+ T cell recognition by targeting CIITA
    5
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    elifesciences.org/articles/96414
  3. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    A geometric shape regularity effect in the human brain
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/106464v1
  4. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Making plant tissue accessible for cryo-electron tomography
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/106455v1
  5. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Cross-species insemination reveals mouse sperm ability to enter and cross the fish micropyle
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/106303v1
  6. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Multifaceted role of galanin in brain excitability
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    elifesciences.org/articles/98634
  7. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Highly sensitive in vivo detection of dynamic changes in enkephalins following acute stress in mice
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    elifesciences.org/articles/91609
  8. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Competence for transcellular infection in the root cortex involves a post-replicative, cell-cycle exit decision in Medicago truncatula
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    elifesciences.org/articles/88588
  9. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    The ESCRT protein CHMP5 restricts bone formation by controlling endolysosome-mitochondrion-mediated cell senescence
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    elifesciences.org/articles/101984
  10. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    The yellow gene influences Drosophila male mating success through sex comb melanization
    11
    1. abrasiliano 07 Jul 2025
      These observations suggest that the pleiotropic effects of yellow on male mating success might result from effects of yellow in the adult CNS, particularly in fru-expressing neurons.

      This sentence really shows how complex and interconnected gene function can be. It's not just that the yellow gene affects pigmentation, it might also influence behavior through its role in specific brain cells.

    2. abrasiliano 07 Jul 2025
      It seemed worthwhile therefore to examine more closely one example of a gene mutation affecting behavior and to ask two questions, (1) how does it bring about its effect? [and], (2) what part might it play in evolution?”

      Even back in 1956, Bastock was asking questions that are still relevant today, not just about how a gene affects behavior, but also what that means in terms of evolution.

    3. abrasiliano 07 Jul 2025
      The study reveals the importance of scientists considering that genes that affect behavior may do so by changing anatomy rather than by altering the brain

      This is a reminder to scientists (and us) that behavior isn’t just about brain chemistry; sometimes it’s about how the body is built.

    4. Kevingomezgg 02 Jul 2025
      Yellow protein is expressed in sex combs (Hinaux et al., 2018, Figure 3G,H), where it is presumably required for synthesis of black dopamine melanin in the sex comb ‘teeth’.

      Melanization = adding dark pigment (melanin) to certain body parts. In this case, melanization makes the sex combs stronger and more rigid, helping males grab females. Without yellow, the sex combs are lighter and weaker.

    5. Kevingomezgg 02 Jul 2025
      t expression of yellow in fru-expressing cells is neither necessary nor sufficient for yellow’s effect on male mating success.

      Yellow doesn’t need to be in brain cells to affect mating; the problem is somewhere else.

    6. Kevingomezgg 02 Jul 2025
      The yellow males lack melanin pigments in their sex combs, which changes their structure.

      Key shift from neural to anatomical explanation, behavioral defect actually caused by structural changes in sex combs, not brain chemistry.

    7. dmays 02 Jul 2025
      However, we found that suppressing yellow expression in the larval CNS, dopaminergic neurons, or serotonergic neurons (Figure 2—figure supplement 3, FET, P values ranging from 0.45 to 1), or in all neurons (Figure 2E, FET, p=1 in all cases) or all glia (Figure 2F, FET, p=1), had no significant effect on male mating success.

      This result was surprising because it shows that turning off yellow in key parts of the nervous system—including neurons involved in mood and movement—does not affect male mating behavior. This suggests that yellow doesn’t act in the brain or nerves to influence mating, challenging the original hypothesis.

    8. dmays 02 Jul 2025
      We hypothesized that the MRS might contain an enhancer driving yellow expression and found that ChIP-seq data indicate the Doublesex (Dsx) transcription factor binds to this region in vivo (Clough et al., 2014).

      This shows that the yellow gene might be turned on by a DNA region called the MRS, which is controlled by the Doublesex (Dsx) protein. Since Dsx helps control male and female behaviors in flies, this suggests that Dsx might directly control yellow to help males mate successfully.

    9. Victoria23 02 Jul 2025
      (MRS)

      Stands for Male Reproductive System. It includes the testes (sperm is made), seminal vesicles (store sperm), accessory glands (affects female behavior after mating), ejaculatory duct and bulb (transfer sperm to female)

    10. Victoria23 02 Jul 2025
      insect pigment genes cause changes in the fly’s brain because these pigments are made from dopamine, a chemical messenger that acts in the brain.

      These are actions or signals that males use to attract a mate, and convince those mates to reproduce offspring with them.

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    elifesciences.org/articles/49388
  11. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Ribozyme-catalysed RNA synthesis using triplet building blocks
    3
    1. Victoria23 07 Jul 2025
      RNA oligonucleotides

      This is short, synthetic strands of RNA, typically ranging from 2 to 50 nucleotides in length, used in various molecular biology applications

    2. Victoria23 07 Jul 2025
      template secondary structures.

      This is the folded conformations that a DNA or RNA template can adopt due to intramolecular base pairing, forming structures like hairpins or stem-loops, It can interrupt or intervene with DNA replication, transcription, translation and etc.

    3. Victoria23 07 Jul 2025
      no replicase ribozyme has been observed in existing life forms;

      Most likely because they have been replaced by more efficient protein enzymes due to evolution.

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    elifesciences.org/articles/35255
  12. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Integrated transcriptomic analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived osteogenic differentiation reveals a regulatory role of KLF16
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/106265v1
  13. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Evidence for systematic - yet task- and motor-contingent - rhythmicity of auditory perceptual judgements
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/105734v1
  14. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Structural mechanisms of PIP2 activation and SEA0400 inhibition in human cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger NCX1
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/105396v2
  15. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    mTOR inhibition in Q175 Huntington’s disease model mice facilitates neuronal autophagy and mutant huntingtin clearance
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/104979v2
  16. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Engineering cardiolipin binding to an artificial membrane protein reveals determinants for lipid-mediated stabilization
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    elifesciences.org/articles/104237
  17. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Birds migrate longitudinally in response to the resultant Asian monsoons of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/103971v2
  18. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Exploiting functional regions in the viral RNA genome as druggable entities
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/103923v2
  19. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Expanding Automated Multiconformer Ligand Modeling to Macrocycles and Fragments
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/103797v2
  20. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Progressive overfilling of readily releasable pool underlies short-term facilitation at recurrent excitatory synapses in layer 2/3 of the rat prefrontal cortex
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/102923v2
  21. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    SIRT2 protects against Japanese encephalitis virus infection in mice
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/106778
  22. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Planar cell polarity coordination in a cnidarian embryo provides clues to animal body axis evolution
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    elifesciences.org/articles/104508
  23. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    An increase in reactive oxygen species underlies neonatal cerebellum repair
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/102515v2
  24. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Identification and characterization of early human photoreceptor states and cell-state-specific retinoblastoma-related features
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/101918v2
  25. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    mirror determines the far posterior domain in butterfly wings
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    elifesciences.org/articles/96904
  26. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    The Natural History of Model Organisms: The secret lives of Drosophila flies
    3
    1. Victoria23 02 Jul 2025
      Environmental change is actually a complex of changes, both abiotic and biotic.

      Abiotic factors like temperature and humidity affect D. melanogaster's growth and survival, with optimal conditions boosting development and extremes causing harm. Biotic factors like helpful microbes support health, while predators, pathogens, and competition can reduce survival.

    2. Victoria23 02 Jul 2025
      Their decaying host resources are also home to many microbes, as well as to other arthropods

      Many of the microbes include yeast and bacteria, and for the arthropods they include other Drosophila flies, mites, beetles and ants. These microbes and arthropods benefit each other. For example the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) is often found on rotting fruit; provides nutrients and volatiles that attract flies. The arthropods, such as the mites, beetles and ants, can often be harmful to the Drosophila flies, as they do compete for food and nutrients and often prey on eggs or larvae.

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    elifesciences.org/articles/06793
  27. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Assemblies, synapse clustering and network topology interact with plasticity to explain structure-function relationships of the cortical connectome
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/101850v2
  28. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Context-dependent modulations of subthalamo-cortical synchronization during rapid reversals of movement direction in Parkinson’s disease
    2
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    elifesciences.org/articles/101769
  29. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    A conserved code for anatomy: Neurons throughout the brain embed robust signatures of their anatomical location into spike trains
    2
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/101506v2
  30. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Transcriptional pattern enriched for synaptic signaling is associated with shorter survival of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer
    3
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    elifesciences.org/articles/101369
  31. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    A SMARTTR workflow for multi-ensemble atlas mapping and brain-wide network analysis
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/101327v2
  32. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Age-dependent predictors of effective reinforcement motor learning across childhood
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/101036v2
  33. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Reproducibility of in vivo electrophysiological measurements in mice
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    elifesciences.org/articles/100840
  34. Jun 2025
  35. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Horizontally transferred cell-free chromatin particles function as autonomous satellite genomes and vehicles for transposable elements within host cells
    3
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/103771
  36. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    IDH1 regulates human erythropoiesis by eliciting chromatin state reprogramming
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    elifesciences.org/articles/100406
  37. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Cntnap2 loss drives striatal neuron hyperexcitability and behavioral inflexibility
    4
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/100162v2
  38. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Imaging of brain electric field networks with spatially resolved EEG
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/100123v2
  39. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Imaging of brain electric field networks with spatially resolved EEG
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    elifesciences.org/articles/100123
  40. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Investigating working memory updating processes of the human subcortex using 7T MRI
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    elifesciences.org/articles/97874
  41. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Brain-derived estrogens facilitate male-typical behaviors by potentiating androgen receptor signaling in medaka
    3
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/97106
  42. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    mirror determines the far posterior domain in butterfly wings
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    elifesciences.org/articles/96904
  43. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Functionally-Coupled Ion Channels Begin Co-assembling at the Start of Their Synthesis
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    elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/106791
  44. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    The Natural History of Model Organisms: The secret lives of Drosophila flies
    12
    1. vmorrand 27 Jun 2025
      While found in association with these other species, D. melanogaster colonizes the rotting fruits at a particular time during the decay trajectory. First to arrive is D. simulans, followed by D. melanogaster, and then the other species (Nunney, 1990, 1996): this is consistent with D. melanogaster having a higher ethanol tolerance than its relative D. simulans (McKenzie and Parsons 1972, 1974), which arrives earlier, when fewer volatiles have been produced by fermentation.

      I never realized there was a specific trajectory for when different species can colonize rotting fruit.

    2. abrasiliano 26 Jun 2025
      The resultant 2007 publication by the Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium et al., 2007, of 12 genomes and their analysis, has rapidly revolutionized and expanded the utility of the Drosophila system for studies ranging from computational biology and embryology, to evolution and human disease.

      This highlights how genomic data that has been gathered from these flies has opened new interdisciplinary avenues, extending the relevance of fruit fly studies beyond basic biology to broader, even medical, fields.

    3. abrasiliano 26 Jun 2025
      While these culture conditions keep flies ‘healthy’ by laboratory standards, they do not represent the conditions that D. melanogaster experience in nature.

      This sentence draws attention to the artificiality of lab environments and introduces the idea that scientific observations made in such controlled settings may not fully reflect natural behaviors or biology that one might find in the wild. It also implies the assumption that lab findings are universally applicable, reminding us that environmental context matters especially when it comes to genetics.

    4. abrasiliano 25 Jun 2025
      The fact that this fly is an ecological generalist no doubt contributed to the facility with which it was initially propagated in the laboratory, rapidly becoming a popular model system.

      This sentence highlights how D. melanogaster’s adaptability to a variety of environments (being an "ecological generalist") made it particularly well-suited for laboratory use and a very common species used for genetic testing.

    5. abrasiliano 25 Jun 2025
      From its first use in the laboratory in the early 1900s until the present day, Drosophila melanogaster has been central to major breakthroughs in genetics. The use of this fruit fly as a model organism

      The phrase “central to major breakthroughs” emphasizes not just its utility, but its foundational role in some of biology’s most important discoveries. It introduces the idea that this fly has played a critical role in the development of genetics as a field.

    6. vmorrand 25 Jun 2025
      The number of investigators using D. melanogaster as a model for studying human disease is steadily rising (Pfleger and Reiter, 2008), especially for more complex disorders, such as heart disease (Piazza and Wessells, 2011), mental and neurological illness (Pandey and Nichols, 2011), and obesity

      Prior to reading this, I would not have known how closely related humans and D. melanogaster were related to each other to be able to study different diseases, especially complex diseases and obesity

    7. Soniaghill 25 Jun 2025
      Females lay their eggs in necrotic material

      So, my guess is that the necrotic decomposition phase is able to host all life cycles of the eggs. However, why do they still lay eggs on fresh items and food if it has not started through the decomp phase?

    8. Soniaghill 25 Jun 2025
      From its first use in the laboratory in the early 1900s until the present day, Drosophila melanogaster has been central to major breakthroughs in genetics.

      I had no clue how big of a role the fruit fly plays in genetic research. As i read more, I find out just how much they are studied in the lab versus in the wild.

    9. Kevingomezgg 25 Jun 2025
      Approximately 65% of human disease genes are estimated to have counterparts in D. melanogaster

      This demonstrates the genetic similarity between D. melanogaster and humans, reinforcing its value as a model organism for studying human disease mechanisms.

    10. Kevingomezgg 25 Jun 2025
      Few studies of D. melanogaster have been done in the wild, but those that have reveal a different picture of wild flies.

      This highlights the research gap between laboratory and field studies. Understanding wild populations is important to get a complete picture of the species' biology and evolution.

    11. dmays 24 Jun 2025
      The genes that control these behavioural differences can hold clues to controlling the reproduction of economically and medically important insects, such as testse flies and mosquitoes

      Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive behaviors could inform pest control strategies to reduce disease transmission and crop damage.

    12. dmays 24 Jun 2025
      Reproductive behavior and biology, while extensively studied in the laboratory, is less well-understood in the wild.

      Laboratory conditions often simplify or alter natural behaviors, so findings may not fully reflect what occurs in nature.

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    elifesciences.org/articles/06793
  45. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Dynamics of venom composition across a complex life cycle
    8
    1. Soniaghill 25 Jun 2025
      We hypothesize that these dynamic interactions, coupled with the potentially high metabolic cost of toxins (Nisani et al., 2012), have driven the evolution of a distinct venom composition in each developmental stage.

      Interesting when reading up on this particular section, each pupal phase creates its own set of venom mixtures which helps it to balance energy and stay protected!

    2. Soniaghill 25 Jun 2025
      recombinant form

      This refers to the biological molecule which is usually RNA, DNA or protein that is combined artificially from different sources. It is considered genetic engineering.

    3. vmorrand 25 Jun 2025
      Our finding of different expression levels of toxins in different developmental stages and adult tissues strongly suggests that venom composition changes across development and that each arsenal of toxins might have been shaped by selection for different biotic interactions. As Nematostella develops from a non-predatory, swimming larva to an adult sessile predatory polyp that is 150-fold larger than the larva (Figure 1A), its interspecific interactions vastly change across development.

      This makes sense because just as humans change and develop across different stages of life, venom composition would do the same

    4. vmorrand 25 Jun 2025
      The results of the experiments showed that Nematostella mothers pass on a toxin to their eggs that makes them unpalatable to predators.

      That is a very interesting finding because being able to pass along this toxin from mothers to their eggs is not something I think I have ever heard of to keep predators away.

    5. EliannyG 24 Jun 2025
      Variation in expression patterns of the NEP3 family members and the fact that at least four different types of gland cells at distinct developmental stages and tissues express different toxins (Nv1, Nvlysin1b, NEP6 and NvePTx1) in Nematostella suggests a highly complex venom landscape in this species

      Maybe this variety and diversity potentially keeps prey from getting used to the venom.

    6. EliannyG 24 Jun 2025
      The results of the ISH and nCounter experiments indicated that NvePTx1 is maternally deposited at the RNA level.

      It makes sense that the venom isn't made by the larvae with the mother providing this to them so they can hunt right away.

    7. EliannyG 24 Jun 2025
      Strikingly, within 10 min from the start of the incubation 3 out of 8 Artemia were paralyzed or dead, and within 90 min 7 of 8 were dead (Video 1), whereas in a control group without planulae all Artemia were alive.

      I find it impressive that such a small larva can kill something bigger. This shows it probably has very strong venom.

    8. EliannyG 24 Jun 2025
      change dramatically between developmental stages of this species

      I wonder if this variation in venom could be linked to specific prey types available at each stage.

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    elifesciences.org/articles/35014
  46. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Striatal cholinergic interneuron pause response requires Kv1 channels, is absent in dyskinetic mice, and is restored by dopamine D5 receptor inverse agonism
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    elifesciences.org/articles/102184
  47. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    Sigh generation in preBötzinger complex
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    elifesciences.org/articles/100192
  48. elifesciences.org elifesciences.org
    A direct neural signature of serial dependence in working memory
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    elifesciences.org/articles/99478