- Last 7 days
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www.pnas.org www.pnas.org
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for - climate model - gaps - from - post - LinkedIn - Reality vs Climate Models - Kasper Benjamin Reimer BjørkskovKasper Benjamin Reimer Bjørkskov
from - post - Linked In - Reality vs Climate Models - Kasper Benjamin Reimer BjørkskovKasper Benjamin Reimer Bjørkskov - https://hyp.is/Dc_w8rM2Ee-I0VO9JwZKNg/www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7270232384455720960/?commentUrn=urn:li:comment:(activity:7270232384455720960,7270500962702655489)&dashCommentUrn=urn:li:fsd_comment:(7270500962702655489,urn:li:activity:7270232384455720960)
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www.linkedin.com www.linkedin.com
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for - climate crisis - paper - models are underestimating by up to 4x - to - paper - Global emergence of regional heatwave hotspots outpaces climate model simulations Kornhuber et al, 2024 - https://hyp.is/9cS36LMtEe-2oL8C4AgQOQ/www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2411258121
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- Nov 2024
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pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Disorder studied: Type 1 von Willebrand disease (T1-VWD).
Type of study: Translational
Model organism: Mouse (inbred strains) Obtained from Jackson Laboratory
Analyses:
VWF plasma protein quantitation (ELISA)
Hertiability calculations
PCR genotyping
QTL analysis
Allele-specific primer extension analysis
Results:
Identified new modifier of VWF known as (Mvwf5). Also found two loci unliked to Vwf known as (Mvwf6-7)
Mice with this variant displayed statistically significant decrease in VWF levels, recapitulating the decreasing patterns displayed in humans.
However, another strain of inbred mice with a different mutation did not show an age-dependent decrease in VWF. Suggests strain-specific differences in regulation of VWF levels over time.
Mvwf5 is a cis-regulatory variant altering Vwf mRNA expression.
This is a natural variant of the Vwf allele among inbred strains of mice. Found this variant causes elevation in steady-state levels of Vwf mRNA.
Authors state findings show equivalent of of type 1 VWD is remarkably common in mice and humans. ALso state the Mvwf1 analysis in wild mouse populations suggest this locus is under selective pressure.
Of the 5 potential modifier loci identified, 3 display conservation of synteny with potential human modifier loci.
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4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com 4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com
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‘The Destiny of Civilization’
for - book - The Destiny of Civilization - Michael Hudson - to - book - The Design of Civilization - Michael Hudson - insight - Greek Society, and later, Western Society grew out of the Greek "conflict" model
to - book - The Destiny of Civilization - Michael Hudson - https://hyp.is/ID3F7KiwEe-26QsBOrdtlQ/4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/a-global-history-of-societal-regulation
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the ‘harmony’ model of Mesopotamia and the East Eurasian empires, and the conflict model which started in Greece and determined the logic of the Western model.
for - further research - Harmony model of East Eurasia vs Conflict model of Greece
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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the great idea was create this this thin waste uh to try and and allow the lower layers of the network to evolve and also allow the upper layers of the network to evolve separately and only have this very small protocol in between that will mediate how the whole network will grow
for - definition - Internet Protocol - IP - Thin Waist model
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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What deity are we going to invoke with AI
I invoke Eiru. I train the model to think feel and act as Eiru.
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when I'm referring when we refer to the fourth turning of the Dharma we're we're kind of we we're really using a a Buddhist model but it can be but it's a but it's a universal model
for - Buddhist language, but used for a universal model - John Churchill
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- Oct 2024
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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The model treats corpus generation as a dynamic process, where the t-th word is produced at step t. Theprocess is driven by the random walk of a discourse vector ct ∈ <d. Its coordinates represent what is beingtalked about.2 Each word has a (time-invariant) latent vector vw ∈ <d that captures its correlations withthe discourse vector.
the model is a random walk with t being the word and the RV being a random vector called a discourse vector of dimension d. This vector is a distributed representation of the semantics at word t.
what is the discourse - is it one hot encoded, is it orthogonal, is it sparse, is it disentangled, is it compositional ? What is a small change in a single dimension???
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www.carbonbrief.org www.carbonbrief.org
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Erstmals wurde genau erfasst, welcher Teil der von Waldbränden betroffenen Gebiete sich auf die menschlich verursachte Erhitzung zurückführen lässt. Er wächst seit 20 Jahren deutlich an. Insgesamt kompensieren die auf die Erhitzung zurückgehenden Waldbrände den Rückgang an Bränden durch Entwaldung. Der von Menschen verursachte – und für die Berechnung von Schadensansprüchen relevante – Anteil der CO2-Emissione ist damit deutlich höher als bisher angenommen https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-change-almost-wipes-out-decline-in-global-area-burned-by-wildfires/
Tags
- World Weather Attribution
- Natural Environment Research Council
- CO2-Emissionen von Waldbränden
- Transdisciplinary Fire Centre at the University of Tasmania.
- increasing risk oft wildfires
- Global Carbon Budget
- Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project
- global
- David Bowman
- Matthew W. Jones
- attribution
- Global rise in forest fire emissions linked to climate change in the extratropics
- land use change
- Global burned area increasingly explained by climate change
- Seppe Lampe
- Maria Barbosa
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x.com x.com
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The similarity is because they are all saying roughly the same thing: Total (result) = Kinetic (cost) + Potential (benefit) Cost is either imaginary squared or negative (space-like), benefit is real (time-like), result is mass-like. Just like physics, the economic unfavourable models are the negative results. In economics, diversity of products is a strength as it allows better recovery from failure of any one, comically DEI of people fails miserably at this, because all people are not equal. Here are some other examples you will know if you do physics: E² + (ipc)² = (mc²)² (relativistic Einstein equation), mass being the result, energy time-like (potential), momentum the space-like (kinetic). ∇² - 1/c² ∂²/∂t² = (mc/ℏ)² (Klein-Gordon equation), mass is the result, ∂²/∂t² potential, ∇² is kinetic. Finally we have Dirac equation, which unlike the previous two as "sum of squares" is more like vector addition (first order differentials, not second). iℏγ⁰∂₀ψ + iℏγⁱ∂ᵢψ = mcψ First part is still the time-like potential, second part is the space-like kinetic, and the mass is still the result though all the same. This is because energy is all forms, when on a flat (free from outside influence) worksheet, acts just like a triangle between potential, kinetic and resultant energies. E.g. it is always of the form k² + p² = r², quite often kinetic is imaginary to potential (+,-,-,-) spacetime metric, quaternion mathematics. So the r² can be negative, or imaginary result if costs out way benefits, or work in is greater than work out. Useless but still mathematical solution. Just like physics, you always want the mass or result to be positive and real, or your going to lose energy to the surrounding field, with negative returns. Economic net loss do not last long, just like imaginary particles in physics.
in reply to Cesar A. Hidalgo at https://x.com/realAnthonyDean/status/1844409919161684366
via Anthony Dean @realAnthonyDean
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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1:21:54 If a community moved to a WELLNESS model rather than an ILLNESS model, it would generate millions of dollars in saved resources 1:21:54 If a community moved to a PREVENTION model rather than a CURE Model, it would generate millions of dollars in resources
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Oliver Sacks Archive Heads to the New York Public Library by [[Jennifer Schuessler]]
The voluminous papers of the celebrated neurologist include letters, notebooks, drafts and other traces of a man who couldn’t stop writing.
You have to love the boos, notebooks, papers, fountain pen, typewriter, computer, printer, and even writing software all pictured in this... Add the glasses and it just reeks of someone who reads and writes.
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- Sep 2024
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coevolving.com coevolving.com
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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A programming model is an execution model coupled to an API or a particular pattern of code.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The execution model is the definition of the behavior, so all implementations, whether in-order or out-of-order or interpreted or JIT'd etc.. must all give the exact same result, and that result is defined by the execution model.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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So there has to be a reality, deeper reality, out of which these spacetime reality that we call reality emerges. So so therefore the model to think of the model in your following way, consciousness is a quantum field.
for - quote - consciousness - model of - as a quantum field - Federico Faggin - question - about Federico Faggin's quantum field theory of consciousness - Is it neo-dualistic?
quote - consciousness - model of - as a quantum field - Federico Faggin - (see below) - Think of the body as a structure in space and time - It is both - classical - cells are made of particles, atoms and molecules that interact quantumly in space and time - AND fields - The body is a bridge between consciousness and the classical (objective spacetime) world - The body reports to the conscious field - and creates quantum states inside the cell
potential future dialogue - Michael Levin and Federico Faggin - To unpack quantum states at cellular or subcellular level, it would be good to see a dialogue between Michael Levin and Federico Faggin
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- Aug 2024
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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a model of the self that is inherently Collective and flowing
for - quote - model of a Self that is flowing and collective - John Vervaeke - similiarity to - Deep Humanity foundations on emptiness
quote - model of a Self that is flowing and collective - John Vervaeke - This is equivalent to Stop Reset Go Deep Humanity foundation on the two pillars of emptiness - change and intertwingledness
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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for - Indyweb dev - large language model for - constructing causal loop diagrams - System Dynamics Bot - large language model - constructing causal loop diagrams
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- Jul 2024
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www.mdpi.com www.mdpi.com
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he most commonly used personality model is the Big Five personality traits model, which describes personality in five aspects: extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness
for - from - search - google - high resolution addressing of disaggregated text corpus mapped to graph
from - search - google - high resolution addressing of disaggregated text corpus mapped to graph - https://hyp.is/ch_J9k43Ee-lGzfOapoCvQ/www.google.com/search?q=high+resolution+addressing+of+disaggregated+text+corpus+mapped+to+graph&oq=high+resolution+addressing+of+disaggregated+text+corpus+mapped+to+graph&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigAdIBCTMzNjEzajBqN6gCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
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pergamon--html-flashcards.fly.dev pergamon--html-flashcards.fly.dev
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Teoria regulacji stanu sugeruje, że zmniejszona zdolność do regulowania pobudzenia może przyczyniać się do deficytów poznawczych wyższego poziomu w ADHD.Teoria ta, skonstruowana w modelu poznawczo-energetycznym, podkreśla deficyt czynników energetycznych (ostrzegających) wśródADHDpacjentów, co prowadzi do obudysfunkcja wykonawczai objawy nadpobudliwości [ 20 , 60 ].Zakłada ona, że ogólna wydajność przetwarzania informacji poznawczych jest determinowana przez czynniki stanu, zwane także „pulami energetycznymi” (wysiłek, pobudzenie i aktywacja), w takim samym stopniu jak przez czynniki obliczeniowe (przetwarzanie poznawcze, kontrola wykonawcza).. Pula wysiłku charakteryzuje się asymilacją niezbędnej energii do spełnienia wymagań zadania, o której mówi się, że jest aktywowana, gdy aktualny stan energetyczny organizmu nie spełnia stanu wymaganego do wykonania zadania. Obejmuje ona czynnik pobudzenia, zdefiniowany jako fazowa odpowiedź, która jest czasowo zablokowana na przetwarzanie bodźców i jest zwykle pod wpływem intensywności sygnału i nowości, a także behawioralnie indeksowana przez wzorce snu i czuwania; oraz czynnik aktywacji zdefiniowany jako toniczna fizjologiczna gotowość do reagowania.Podejście poznawczo-energetyczne zakłada, że aspekty kontroli wykonawczej wyższego rzędu zależą od stanu energetycznego jednostki, dlatego deficyty hamowania związane zADHDmoże być, przynajmniej częściowo, spowodowane dysfunkcją energetyczną, ponieważ zmniejszenie energii przewiduje niepowodzenie hamowania [ 61 ].
Teoria regulacji pobudzenia (integrucjąca)
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- Jun 2024
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Royal Model "O" Typewriter Adjust Ribbon Lift for each Type Bar Lever, Works on Quite Deluxe too. by [[Phoenix Typewriter]]
Forming individual type bars, particularly for capital letters to get the tops to print evenly when they're more faint than other similar typefaces.
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the model Waits are just a large files of numbers on a server and these can be easily stolen all it takes is an adversary to match your trillions 00:41:14 of dollars and your smartest minds of Decades of work just to steal this file
for - AI - security risk - model weight files - are a key leverage point
AI - security risk - model weight files - are a key leverage point for bad actors - These files are critical national security data that represent huge amounts of investment in time and research and they are just a file so can be easily stolen.
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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here's a way to do direct to 00:16:46 Consumer sell and can make some money and don't just be like so worried about being on the music platform streaming and now you're diluted because the AI
for - new music sales model - direct to consumer - helps mitigate AI music
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coevolving.com coevolving.com
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In order to speak of something as a system, we must be able to state clearly: (1) the holistic behaviour which we are focusing on; (2) the parts within the thing, and the interactions among these parts, which cause the holistic behaviour we have defined; (3) the way in which this interaction, among these parts, causes the holistic behaviour defined. If we can do these three, it means we have an abstract working model of the holistic behaviour in the thing. In this case, we may properly call the thing a system, If we cannot do these three, we have no model, and it is meaningless to call the thing a system.
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www.subtext-lang.org www.subtext-lang.org
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This erodes modularity
models constraints modularity
inherent conflict
that's why things will never work
models errode modularity
models are trully intertwingled modules encapsulate
separating models with cross cutting concerns and providing modules and layers that constrain limit cross cuting
aspects orientation won't help either
we need models and capabnlities needed to effect intents need to coevolve coevolve the three together intent model component
That's why MVC is just a broken idea Period
Model View Controller
That's why Dijkstra's goto Considered Harmfull was the most harmful idea that ever influence thinking. tha nature of everything is interwinglularity spagetty code. Named Jumps. Yes imposing structure can seemingly create order but it bound to be a self limitting one. Need the ability to organic growth
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- May 2024
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we've spent 20 years now sequencing as many genomes as we can the output as 00:08:46 promised simply hasn't appeared
for - key insight - failure of the gene coding uni-causal model - key insight - failure of genetic determinism
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meta.stackexchange.com meta.stackexchange.com
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LLMs, by their very nature, don't have a concept of "source". Attribution is pretty much impossible. Attribution only really works if you use language models as "search engine". The moment you start generating output, the source is lost.
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this is whitehead's fallacy of misplaced concreteness
for - key insight - Whitehead's fallacy of misplaced concreteness - adjacency - fallacy of misplaced concreteness - climate denialism - mistrust in science - polycrisis - Deep Humanity
- the worry for Goethe and whitehead is that
- we forget sometimes with the typical scientific method that = we can only ever apply concepts derived from our empirical experience
- and so if we're trying to understand experience as if it were really
- an illusion produced by
- collisions of particles or
- brain chemistry or
- something that we can never in principle experience
- an illusion produced by
- what we're doing is
- applying concepts derived from our experience
- to an imagined realm that
- we think is beyond experience
- but it's not
- This is Whitehead's fallacy of misplaced concreteness.
key insight - Whitehead's fallacy of misplaced concreteness - This helps explain the rising rejection of science from the masses. I didn't realize there was already a name for the phenomena responsible for the emergence of collective denialist behavior
adjacency - between - fallacy of misplaced concreteness - increasing collective rejection of science in the polycrisis - adjacency statement - Whitehead's fallacy of misplaced concreteness exactly names and describes - the growing trend of a populus rejection of climate science (climate denialism), COVID vaccine denialism, exponential growth of conspiracy theory and misinformation - because of the inability for non-elites and elites alike to concretize abstractions the same way that elite scientists and policy-makers do - Research papers have shown that the knowledge deficit model which was relied upon for decades was not accurate representation of climate denialism - Yet, I would hold that Whitehead's fallacy of misplaced concretism plays a role here - This mistrust in science is rooted in this fallacy as well as progress traps - Deep Humanity is quite steeped in Whitehead's process relational ontology and the fallacy of misplaced concreteness requires mass education for a sustainable transition - This abstract concreteness is everywhere: - Shift from Ptolemy's geocentric worldview to the Copernican heliocentric worldview - Now we are told that the sun is not fixed, but is itself rotating around the Milky Way with billions of other galaxies - scientific techniques like radiocarbon dating for dating objects in deep time - climate science - atomic physics - quantum physics - distrust of vaccines, which we cannot see - Timothy Morton's hyperobjects is related to this fallacy of misplaced concreteness. - "Seeing is believing" but we cannot directly experience the ultra large or ultra small. So we have scientific language that draws parallels to that, but it is not a direct experience. - - Those not steeped in years or decades of science have the very real option of feeling that the concepts are fallacies and don't hold as much weight as that which they can experience directly, even though those concepts have obviously produced artefacts that they use, like cellphones, the internet and airplanes.
- the worry for Goethe and whitehead is that
Tags
- adjacency - fallacy of misplaced concreteness - climate denialism - mistrust in science - polycrisis - Deep Humanity
- key insight - Whitehead's fallacy of misplaced concreteness
- science communication - climate change - Whitehead - fallacy of misplaced concreteness
- climate change - knowledge deficit model - Whitehead
- misplaced concreteness
- adjacency - Whitehead's fallacy of misplaced concreteness - Timothy Morton's hyperobjects
- Making the abstract real
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- Apr 2024
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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reserved words
Perhaps a sort of protobuf is better.
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Local file Local file
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The consensus is reached in the same way as fortransactions i.e. using hasgraph consensus algorithm. The onlydifference is, that the concerning events in the hashgraph nowcontain other type of data instead of transactions
Not necessarily, how to store
received event
s is an implementation detail. One could dump them in an array on a side. Can be as efficient as array of pointers to events. Where idx of this array is event's position in total order.
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library.scholarcy.com library.scholarcy.com
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KonkluzjaWykazano, że ostra i powtarzana guanfacyna (GF), agonista receptorów α2A-adrenergicznych, wpływa na wrodzone i wyuczone zachowania u szczurów DAT-KO, a także na elektrofizjologiczne korelaty aktywności mózgu.Uzyskane wyniki, w połączeniu z naszymi wcześniejszymi badaniami, pokazują, że modulacja noradrenergiczna poprawia różne aspekty zachowania u szczurów z nokautem hiperdopaminergicznym.Administracja GF poprawiła wypełnianie wyuczonych zadań przestrzennych i poprawiła PPI u szczurów DAT-KO.Zmiany w aktywności elektrofizjologicznej mózgu pod wpływem GF okazały się podobne do tych obserwowanych u ludzi.Stwierdzono, że wpływ powtarzanego GF jest w większości porównywalny z ostrym podawaniem, z wyjątkiem aktywności lokomotorycznej, która uległa dalszej poprawie przy długotrwałym podawaniu, oraz niektórych parametrów elektrofizjologicznych u szczurów DAT-KO.Wyniki uzyskane u szczurów DAT-KO i WT w warunkach ostrej i powtarzanej GF pozwalają na opracowanie dalszych hipotez dotyczących zróżnicowanego wpływu sieci DA i NE na różne formy zachowania i ewentualnie na różne zaburzenia poznawcze i psychiczne
Poprawa bramkowania sensorycznego i zdolności przestrzennych ( także aktywności) w zwierzęcym modelu ADHD ( nokaut transportera dopaminy), zwiększeniu sygnalizacji noradenergicznej
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Analiza porównawcza parametrów behawioralnych szczurów WT i DAT-KO wykazała, że po ostrym podaniu GF poziom wszystkich parametrów behawioralnych był wyższy w DAT-KO w porównaniu ze szczurami WT po soli fizjologicznej (p < 0,05 dla przebytej odległości i czasu dotarcia do strefy mety).Wielokrotne podawanie GF skutkowało zmniejszeniem odległości przebytej przez szczury DAT-KO do poziomów obserwowanych u odpowiedników WT (Figura 2A).Czas, który szczury DAT-KO spędziły na arenie, zanim szczury dotarły do pola bramkowego, w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną WT (Figura 2B), był dłuższy po podaniu soli fizjologicznej i ostrego GF (p < 0,05), ale nie po wielokrotnym podaniu GF.SEM; ** p < 0,01 zgodnie z post-testem LSD Fishera; # p < 0,05; ns – (nieistotne) dwukierunkowe.Porównanie wartości indeksu PPI dla szczurów WT i DAT-KO po podaniu soli fizjologicznej i wielokrotnych porównań Dunna w teście post-hoc.Dane te pokazują, że szczury WT mają normalne procesy zamieszkiwania i bramkowania sensomotorycznego, podczas gdy u szczurów DAT-KO wskaźnik PPI jest obniżony, upośledzona percepcja informacji sensorycznych.
Zwiększenie neuroprzekaźnictwa noraadenergicznego zmiejsza aktywność w zwierzęcym modelu ADHD ( nokaut transportera dopaminy)
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Administracja GF doprowadziła do wzrostu wskaźnika PPI w.Aby przeanalizować moc neuronów w soli fizjologicznej kory przedczołowej (nokaut P zwierząt i widma, które stały się podobne do tej bezczynności, po której WT (ryc. 5B).Wzrost wskaźnika PPI u szczurów DAT-KO po ostrej analizie LFP i wielokrotnym podawaniu prążkowia grzbietowego (Str), zastosowaliśmy tradycyjny oparty na dec sygnału, wskazuje na poprawę bramkowania sensomotorycznego.
Poprawa bramkowania sensorycznego w zwierzęcym modelu ADHD ( nokaut transportera dopaminy), zwiększeniu sygnalizacji noradenergicznej
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- Mar 2024
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www.meereffect.nl www.meereffect.nl
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Gebruik het Natuurlijk Planningsmodel uit Getting Things Done om een goed sjabloon voor projecten te hebben.
Gebruik natural planning model om een checklist grondig te maken.
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media.dltj.org media.dltj.org
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Actually, ChatGPT is INCREDIBLY Useful (15 Surprising Examples) by ThioJoe on YouTube, 8-Feb-2024
- 0:00 - Intro
- 0:28 - An Important Point
- 1:26 - What If It's Wrong?
- 1:54 - Explain Command Line Parameters
- 2:36 - Ask What Command to Use
- 3:04 - Parse Unformatted Data
- 4:54 - Use As A Reverse Dictionary
- 6:16 - Finding Hard-To-Search Information
- 7:48 - Finding TV Show Episodes
- 8:20 - A Quick Note
- 8:37 - Multi-Language Translations
- 9:21 - Figuring Out the Correct Software Version
- 9:58 - Adding Code Comments
- 10:18 - Adding Debug Print Statements
- 10:42 - Calculate Subscription Break-Even
- 11:40 - Programmatic Data Processing
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- Feb 2024
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Tim Palmer
for - Tim Palmer - hot model - James Hansen - warrming in the pipeline
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- Jan 2024
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socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
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Noise
Noise is anything interfering with clear communication; distractions that occur during communication that resolves in misinterpretation.
Internal noise: psychological or physical problem someone is dealing with during communication
External noise : Environmental components that cause distraction
Semantic noise: a disturbance in the transmission of a message; interferes with interpretation of the message due to words having more than one meaning.
A connotation: positive or negative emotional connection to a definition. connotative semantic noise is more of an emotional issue with the intended use of words.
Denotation: the literal meaning of a word; denotative semantic noise: when we hear or see language we cannot define therefore we cannot interpret.
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maj-biostat.github.io maj-biostat.github.io
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Late infection
Given that we assume the effect of revision is conditional on the nature of that revision, it's not clear to me what "DAIR vs. Revision" means for late infection silo,
Just thinking through it for myself...
The options are:
- A = DAIR -> B = 12w
- A = Revision(one) -> B in {12w, 6w}
- A = Revision(two) -> B in {12w, 7d}
- C in (no rifampicin, rifampicin)
Currently, (just focusing on surgery/duration, and making 12w the reference for all groups rather than 7w/6d) cell parameters as specified in the model are:
$$ \begin{matrix} \text{DAIR} \ \text{Revision(one), 12w} \ \text{Revision(two), 12w} \ \text{Revision(one), 6w} \ \text{Revision(two), 7d} \end{matrix} \begin{pmatrix} \alpha \ \alpha + \beta_A \ \alpha + \beta_A \ \alpha + \beta_A + \beta_{B1} \ \alpha + \beta_A + \beta_{B2} \end{pmatrix} $$
So, effect of one-stage + 12 w assumed equal to the effect of two-stage + 12w, then revision type specific deviations from those. And "DAIR vs Revision" (beta_A) is really DAIR vs. weighted average of one-stage 12w and two-stage 12w, i.e. ignores the duration options.
I'm guessing this is the only randomised comparison we can make: a weighted average of one/two + 12w is the "default" revision.
As an alternative, I assume it's plausible that one-stage 12w and two-stage 12w differ due to clinician selection of one/two stage. So there may be preference (or maybe it just makes things messy) to have something like
$$ \begin{matrix} \text{DAIR} \ \text{Revision(one), 12w} \ \text{Revision(two), 12w} \ \text{Revision(one), 6w} \ \text{Revision(two), 7d} \end{matrix} \begin{pmatrix} \alpha \ \alpha + \beta_{A1} \ \alpha + \beta_{A2} \ \alpha + \beta_{A1} + \beta_{B1} \ \alpha + \beta_{A2} + \beta_{B2} \end{pmatrix} $$
Noting that \beta_{A1} and \beta_{A2} aren't "causal" in the sense that any differences could just be due to selection bias rather than differences in effectiveness of one/two stage.
The effect of revision versus DAIR will depend on what "revision" means. We can't just compare one-stage 12 weeks to DAIR vs 12 weeks because surgeon's choose who gets one-stage. Only comparison that seems to make sense is weighted combination of one/two stage, with weight as observed in the trial. I think that comparison makes sense, but maybe not.
Assume that $$p_{A1}$$ is the proportion randomised to revision who are selected to receive one-stage and $$1 - p_{A1}$$ the proportion selected to receive two-stage. Then the comparison for any revision versus DAIR might be taken to mean
$$ p_{A1}(0.5\beta_{A1} + 0.5(\beta_{A1} + \beta_{B1}))\ + (1 - p_{A1})(0.5\beta_{A2} + 0.5(\beta_{A2} + \beta_{B2})) $$
which just explicitly allows for the differences. Or some other combination of groups, where we assume that selection of one/two stage in the trial is the same in the population. Presumably though there are issues in interpreting such a comparison as "causal", unless also adjust for factors determining one/two stage selection.
The \beta_{A1} and \beta_{A2} are necessary for estimation of the duration effects, unless willing to assume no differences between one/two stage 12w.
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classroom.synonym.com classroom.synonym.com
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Both terms reflect the fact that we encounter large amounts of information in everyday life and our brains need some way to synthesize and contextualize that information.
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(my bias is showing through - marketing people don't call it surveillance capitalism, to be fair. That's a pejorative term. They just call it doing their job, generating leads, and increasing conversions.)
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just shooting from the hip, to me, I'm glad that subscription services like Netflix and Spotify are becoming more popular. That means that the companies (as opposed to Google & Facebook) don't have the incentive to follow this "surveillance capitalism," i.e. building increasingly sophisticated advertising technology predicated upon the behavioral history of users.(my bias is showing through - marketing people don't call it surveillance capitalism, to be fair. That's a pejorative term. They just call it doing their job, generating leads, and increasing conversions.)
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The answers you seek are difficult ones. The internet isn't free, so someone somewhere along the chain will need to pay for the content. As consumers we pay for internet access, and may sometimes pay for premium content (news site subscriptions, Patreon, etc.) but usually the content that we consume is free to us. Instead, it's the ad services that are paying. The internet content being "free" to consumers can really be a great thing, and equalize the playing field for people of different means. But it does come with its issues.
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- Dec 2023
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www.pckeyboard.com www.pckeyboard.com
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https://www.pckeyboard.com/page/SFNT
ᔥ[[Martin Kaste]] in An Ode To Clicky Keys
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Annotators
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cuis-smalltalk.github.io cuis-smalltalk.github.io
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But just what is an object? At its simplest, an object has two components: Internal state. This is embodied by variables known only to the object. A variable only visible within the object is called a private variable. As a consequence, it is impossible – if the object decides so – to know the internal state of the object from another object. A repertoire of behaviors. These are the messages an object instance responds to. When the object receives a message it understands, it gets its behavior from a method with that name known by its class or superclass.
Reductionistic vs other definitions
Is the annotated paragraph describing what is an object or how is an object? This same criticism is also present in Dave West's Object Thinking.
Other perspectives:
Smalltalk's design—and existence—is due to the insight that everything we can describe can be represented by the recursive composition of a single kind of behavioral building block that hides its combination of state and process inside itself and can be dealt with only through the exchange of messages. Philosophically, Smalltalk's objects have much in common with the monads of Leibniz and the notions of 20th century physics and biology. Its way of making objects is quite Platonic in that some of them act as idealizations of concepts—Ideas—from which manifestations can be created. That the Ideas are themselves manifestations (of the Idea-Idea) and that the Idea-Idea is a-kind-of Manifestation-Idea—which is a-kind-of itself, so that the system is completely self-describing— would have been appreciated by Plato as an extremely practical joke.
—Alan Kay Early History of Smalltalk (1972)
So objects have something resembling agency, see the actor model.
OOP to me means only messaging, local retention and protection and hiding of state-process, and extreme late-binding of all things. It can be done in Smalltalk and in LISP. There are possibly other systems in which this is possible, but I'm not aware of them.
—Alan Kay Clarification of "object-oriented", email reply to Stefan Ram
I also like the complementary view that Gerald Sussman teaches on his video lecture 5A that informs chapter 2 and 3 of SICP; objects are a cheap way of modelling the world.
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- Nov 2023
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github.com github.com
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(BTW, the app/models directory is there to organize the model layer. The model layer is greater than the persisted models.)
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Ruben Puentedura. Technology In Education: A Brief Introduction, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMazGEAiZ9c.
Overview of a few teaching models.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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How to Apply the SAMR Model with Ruben Puentedura, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQTx2UQQvbU.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQTx2UQQvbU
Enhancement:<br /> - Substitution: Tech acts as a direct tool substitute with no functional improvement - Augmentation: Tech acts as a direct tool substitute with functional improvement
Transformation - Modification: Tech allows for significant task redesign - Redefinition: Tech allows for the creation of new tasks, previously inconceivable
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Good tools for thought should be more than just substitutions for tools or methods one had before.
In fact, any tool or technology, if valuable, should allow for the leverage of extension and transformation, otherwise is it really a tool?
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Do digital note taking tools extend the ranges of affordances versus their analog counterparts with respect to the SAMR model?
On the augmentation front, they allow one to capture things faster, but may do so at the loss of understanding due to the lack of active learning (versus passive as the tool may be robbing them of the interaction with the material).
There may be some workflow modification, but it's modest at best. Is it measurably better?
I'm unaware of anyone talking about technological redefinition of digital note taking affordances, though some of the surface level AI-related things may emerge here.
In some sense, I still think that the ease of remapping and rearranging/linking/relinking/outlining ideas in digital spaces doesn't exist, so digital note taking tools aren't doing very well even at the root substitution level.
I suspect that some people weren't exposed to the general process of good note taking and their subsequent use for linking, developing, and then creating and as a result of learning this, they're attributing their advances to the digital nature of their tools rather than the original analog process which was always there and isn't necessarily improved measurably by the digital modality.
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The example of maps he shows here discusses a social interaction component which allows for an interdisciplinary approach to the knowledge scaffolding (especially if students shared their work with each other).
Are there other non-social affordances in this system? Affordances that would let an individual go further/faster by themselves?
Tags
- watch
- digital literacy
- Future Trends Forum 2023-11-02
- tools for thought
- analog vs. digital
- interdisciplinary studies
- open questions
- Ruben Puentedura
- References
- digital notes
- pedagogical devices
- digital humanities
- innovation
- definitions
- leverage
- SAMR model
- note taking affordances
- tools
Annotators
URL
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- Oct 2023
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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using generative models to conduct interactive playbacks 00:26:19 with other species
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for: interspecies communication
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paraphrase
- question
- can a generative model interact meaningfully with an other species?
- can other species respond in meaningful ways?
- playing back AI trained generative vocal signals back to specific species and monitoring behavior
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we have built the first and only foundation model for Bio Acoustics masato hagiwara one of our senior researchers has named it AVS and it has been trained with 5 000 hours of sound 00:17:26 that include vocalizations from many different taxa
- for: AVES, Bioacoustic foundation model
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this other sort of development also happened in the last couple years just clip models um and this enables us to do predictive 00:09:47 modeling across domains um what do I mean by that it means that you can understand and provide the model information in one modality and it can essentially translate it into another
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for: definition, definition - CLIP models
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definition: CLIP model
- contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) model allows model information in one modality - predictive modeling in one domain to be translated to another domain
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- Sep 2023
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discussions.apple.com discussions.apple.com
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The iCloud era starting in 2012 finally ushered in free email addresses and free operating system updates. That's when the business model of large tech companies turned more into user accumulation wars to see who can attract the most subscribers and retain them in their ecosystem of products.
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- Aug 2023
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zenodo.org zenodo.org
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research data life cycle
Annotated with RDA Tags: Working groups
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globaldev.tech globaldev.tech
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Global Teams
Streamline your operations and fuel innovation with our staff augmentation services. We know how crucial it is to have the right personnel to drive your business forward. With our extensive talent pool, we help you find the perfect match for your requirements. Our highly qualified professionals seamlessly integrate into your company culture and adapt to your processes, allowing you to reduce hiring costs and enhance productivity without compromising on quality.
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areomagazine.com areomagazine.com
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Being Model Humans
- for: model human
- comment
- a misunderstanding of emptiness, especially the entanglement of the individual and collective allows the typical imbalance of focusing only on the individual and ignoring the collective
- there are actually many religious intentional communities that have existed for long periods of time, but this is for lifelong practitioners of a religion, such as Buddhist or other monasteries. It's not for the faint of heart!.
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- Jul 2023
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developer.chrome.com developer.chrome.com
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```js // Log the full user-agent data navigator .userAgentData.getHighEntropyValues( ["architecture", "model", "bitness", "platformVersion", "fullVersionList"]) .then(ua => { console.log(ua) });
// output { "architecture":"x86", "bitness":"64", "brands":[ { "brand":" Not A;Brand", "version":"99" }, { "brand":"Chromium", "version":"98" }, { "brand":"Google Chrome", "version":"98" } ], "fullVersionList":[ { "brand":" Not A;Brand", "version":"99.0.0.0" }, { "brand":"Chromium", "version":"98.0.4738.0" }, { "brand":"Google Chrome", "version":"98.0.4738.0" } ], "mobile":false, "model":"", "platformVersion":"12.0.1" } ```
Tags
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-full-version
- http:header=user-agent
- wikipedia:en=HTTP_Client_Hints
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-platform
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-mobile
- cito:cites=urn:ietf:rfc:8942
- <meta http-equiv="accept-ch"/>
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-bitness
- http
- cito:cites=urn:ietf:rfc:1945
- conneg
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-model
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-arch
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-platform-version
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-full-version-list
- mobile
- http:header=sec-ch-ua
- js
- http:header=accept-ch
Annotators
URL
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wicg.github.io wicg.github.io
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```idl dictionary NavigatorUABrandVersion { DOMString brand; DOMString version; };
dictionary UADataValues { DOMString architecture; DOMString bitness; sequence<NavigatorUABrandVersion> brands; DOMString formFactor; sequence<NavigatorUABrandVersion> fullVersionList; DOMString model; boolean mobile; DOMString platform; DOMString platformVersion; DOMString uaFullVersion; // deprecated in favor of fullVersionList boolean wow64; };
dictionary UALowEntropyJSON { sequence<NavigatorUABrandVersion> brands; boolean mobile; DOMString platform; };
[Exposed=(Window,Worker)] interface NavigatorUAData { readonly attribute FrozenArray<NavigatorUABrandVersion> brands; readonly attribute boolean mobile; readonly attribute DOMString platform; Promise<UADataValues> getHighEntropyValues (sequence<DOMString> hints ); UALowEntropyJSON toJSON (); };
interface mixin NavigatorUA { [SecureContext] readonly attribute NavigatorUAData userAgentData ; };
Navigator includes NavigatorUA; WorkerNavigator includes NavigatorUA; ```
Tags
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-full-version
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-form-factor
- http:header=user-agent
- wikipedia:en=HTTP_Client_Hints
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-platform
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-mobile
- cito:cites=urn:ietf:rfc:8942
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-bitness
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-wow64
- http
- conneg
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-model
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-arch
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-platform-version
- http:header=sec-ch-ua-full-version-list
- mobile
- http:header=sec-ch-ua
- http:header=accept-ch
Annotators
URL
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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an object-oriented approach to data modelling – where data is described in terms of classes, attributes, and associations
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Conceptual data model: describes the semantics of a domain, being the scope of the model. For example, it may be a model of the interest area of an organization or industry. This consists of entity classes, representing kinds of things of significance in the domain, and relationship assertions about associations between pairs of entity classes. A conceptual schema specifies the kinds of facts or propositions that can be expressed using the model. In that sense, it defines the allowed expressions in an artificial 'language' with a scope that is limited by the scope of the model.
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"Data models for different systems are arbitrarily different. The result of this is that complex interfaces are required between systems that share data. These interfaces can account for between 25-70% of the cost of current systems".
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The term data model can refer to two distinct but closely related concepts
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A data model can sometimes be referred to as a data structure, especially in the context of programming languages.
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Sometimes it refers to an abstract formalization of the objects and relationships found in a particular application domain
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A data model[1][2][3][4][5] is an abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world entities.
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- Jun 2023
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www.brainfacts.org www.brainfacts.org
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Found this webpage for a 3D brain model when someone (maybe frymatic?) mentioned a region of the brain I was having trouble imagining.
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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invertible potential of the guide tones.
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Various chords realized in “chorale style” with equal distribution of notes in bothhands.Model VII uses two voices per hand and employs different four-, five- and larger-partharmonic structures. Since this model uses only four-voice textures, larger formations needto be reduced to their essential harmonic frameworks. In reducing chords to their four-part frameworks certain notes are retained and others omitted. Typically, the root isretained, the 5th is omitted, and—depending on the context—the remaining three voicesare selected from the related guide tones, pitch alterations, or extensions. Figure 12.7demonstrates different Model VII realizations of the II–V–I progression. The selectionof chords differs from one realization to the next and depends both on the voicing of theopening chord and on the voice-leading forces initiated by the initial two chords
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Rootless five-part chords in the R.H. realized with good voice leading.• Roots, thirds, or fifths in the L.H. in 2:1 ratio with the R.H.The motion between chords in Model VI shown in Figure 12.6 is controlled by theprinciples of good voice leading
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Rootless five-part chords in the R.H. (NO voice-leading considerations.)• Roots of chords in the L.H. in 1:1 ratio with the R.H.Broadly speaking, so-called rootless formations omit the root of the chord from theirstructure. With rootless five-part chords, the upper four-part structure is placed in theR.H. and the root in the L.H. Some of the R.H. shapes should look, sound, and feelfamiliar, since they have already been encountered in the four-part chords in the contextof Model III and Model IV. Similar to Model III, we will first acquaint ourselves withfour rotations of the rootless formation. Figure 12.5 provides four Model V realizationsof the major and minor versions of the II–V–I progression, with each realization beginningon a different R.H. shape
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Root position and inversions of four-part chords in the R.H. (NO voice-leadingconsiderations.)• Roots of chords in the L.H. in 1:1 ratio with the R.H.The focus of Model III, shown in Figure 12.3, is to explore only one position or inversionof the four-part chord throughout the progression
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Root position and inversions in the R.H. realized with good voice leading.• Roots, 3rds, or 5ths in the L.H. in 2:1 ratio with the R.H
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Guide-tone lines in the right hand (R.H.).• Roots of chords in the left hand (L.H.) in 1:1 ratio with the R.H.Figure 12.1 demonstrates Model I using the major and minor versions of the II–V–Iprogression. Notice that the R.H. explores the invertible potential of the guide tones
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Rhythmicized guide tones in the R.H.• Roots, thirds or fifths in the L.H. in 2:1 ratio with the R.H.Figure 12.2 illustrates the use of Model II. The R.H. distributes the Charleston rhythmat different locations within the measure
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magrawala.substack.com magrawala.substack.com
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Collaborating with another human is better than working with generative AI in part because conversation allows us to establish common ground, build shared semantics and engage in repair strategies when something is ambiguous.
Collaborating with humans beats collaborating with AI because we can sync up our mental models, clarify ambiguity, and iterate.
Current AI tools are limited in the methods they make available to perform these tasks.
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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so that means that the the Christian products that are out there are largely playing to that 00:46:41 right-wing market
- the evangelical business model
- fundamentally depends on marketing fear
- the evangelical business model
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- May 2023
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viva.pressbooks.pub viva.pressbooks.pub
- Apr 2023
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Raworth, Kate. Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2017.
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- Mar 2023
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www.quantamagazine.org www.quantamagazine.org
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It’s surprising because these models supposedly have one directive: to accept a string of text as input and predict what comes next, over and over, based purely on statistics. Computer scientists anticipated that scaling up would boost performance on known tasks, but they didn’t expect the models to suddenly handle so many new, unpredictable ones.
Unexpected emergent abilities from large LLMs
Larger models can complete tasks that smaller models can't. An increase in complexity can also increase bias and inaccuracies. Researcher Jason Wei has cataloged 137 emergent abilities of large language models.
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www.federalregister.gov www.federalregister.gov
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For example, when an AI technology receives solely a prompt [27] from a human and produces complex written, visual, or musical works in response, the “traditional elements of authorship” are determined and executed by the technology—not the human user.
LLMs meet Copyright guidance
See comparison later in the paragraph to "commissioned artist" and the prompt "write a poem about copyright law in the style of William Shakespeare"
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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Fortunately, we found RingCaptcha (https://ringcaptcha.com), which has a the 'starter plan' that offers free 500 OTP monthly. Just a small plug for them for providing freemium service; they are highly reliable because they are integrated with all major global, and regional providers, e.g., Twilio, Nexmo, Infobip, MessageBird, etc., and send your OTP through the best provider/route based on country/phone carrier, and can auto fallback to alternative paths. This means you just need to integrate with RingCaptcha, without the headache of deciding which SMS/voice OTP provider has best combination of price and reliability, which is a real headache when you are sending OTP world-wide.
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brill.com brill.com
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“increased knowledge tends to strengthen our position on climate change, regardless of what that position is” (Hoffman 2015:5)
- Quote
- increased knowledge tends to strengthen our position on climate change, regardless of what that position is
- (Hoffman 2015:5).
- Quote
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If the facts don’t fit the frames in your brain, the frames in your brain stay and the facts are ignored or challenged or belittled” (Lakoff 2014: xiv).
//Quote - If the facts don’t fit the frames in your brain, the frames in your brain stay and the facts are ignored or challenged or belittled - (Lakoff 2014: xiv).
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“increased knowledge tends to strengthen our position on climate change, regardless of what that position is” (Hoffman 2015:5).
// quote - increased knowledge tends to strengthen our position on climate change, regardless of what that position is” - (Hoffman 2015:5). - The wealth of information available on the internet and through social media does not make us better informed, but simply makes us more certain that we are right - (Hoffman 2015:45)
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The knowledge deficit hypothesis is closely tied to the idea of Homo economicus, an ontological model of the human as rationally self-interested. Historically in Western philosophy “ontology” refers to the study of being, the nature of human being, subjectivity, or what it means to be a self, epitomized in Descartes cogito. This individualized ontology has been extensively critiqued in philosophy and anthropology, but people keep arguing against it because these critiques have had little impact on the material world of economics and politics in which people are still routinely assumed to be rationally self-interested individuals. Edmund Husserl, and later Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1962) developed a highly influential phenomenological critique of the Cartesian subject and the modern self, which influenced Gregory Bateson’s Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972), and subsequent models of the self in deep ecology, ecofeminism, and ecopsychology (see Roszak et al. 1995 for an overview). Phenomenology also inspired work in intersubjectivity such as Martin Buber’s (1970) I-Thou relations, and Emmanuel Levinas’ (1969, 1998) understanding of ethical subjectivity, as well as Bruno Latour’s (2005) development of actor network theory. Latour’s writings have stimulated fruitful dialogues with anthropologies of Indigenous ontologies. Much of this literature is well known within the environmental humanities, but has had little impact more broadly in environment studies and environmental science, and less still in in politics and economics.
// Interconnecting many thinkers and ideas throughout modern history related to knowledge deficit - knowledge deficit model is closely related to homo economicus, which is based on human beings a rational, self-interested agents - all these inter-relationships are new knowledge to me - this individualized ontology has its roots at least in Descartes and has been extensively critiqued - Edmond Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty critiqued it - Their critique influenced Gregory Bateson, as reflected in his book "Steps in an Ecological Mind" - It also influenced Emmanuel Levinas' understanding of ethical subjectivity and Bruno Latour's actor network theory - Latour's work influenced anthropologies of Indigenous people - This knowledge is well known with field of environmental humanities, but little known in the world of politics and economics
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Abstract
// abstract - summary - Rationalist approaches to environmental problems such as climate change - apply an information deficit model, - assuming that if people understand what needs to be done they will act rationally. - However, applying a knowledge deficit hypothesis often fails to recognize unconscious motivations revealed by: - social psychology, - cognitive science, - behavioral economics.
- Applying ecosystems science, data collection, economic incentives, and public education are necessary for solving problems such as climate change, but they are not sufficient.
- Climate change discourse makes us aware of our mortality
- This prompts consumerism as a social psychological defensive strategy,
- which is counterproductive to pro-environmental behavior.
- Studies in terror management theory, applied to the study of ritual and ecological conscience formation,
- suggest that ritual expressions of giving thanks can have significant social psychological effects in relation to overconsumption driving climate change.
- Primary data gathering informing this work included participant observation and interviews with contemporary Heathens in Canada from 2018–2019.
Tags
- Information deficit model
- overconsumption
- consumerism
- Latour
- ritual practices
- Emmunuel Levina
- Homo Economicus
- George Lakoff
- Hoffman
- Quote
- information deficit model
- knowledge deficit model
- Martin Buber
- quote
- pro-environmental behavior
- terror management theory
- sustainable consumerism
- Merleau-Ponty
- Husserl
- Bruno Latour
- Gregory Bateson
Annotators
URL
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www.technologyreview.com www.technologyreview.com
- Feb 2023
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nymag.com nymag.com
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More interesting or alarming or hilarious, depending on the interlocutor, is its propensity to challenge or even chastise its users, and to answer, in often emotional language, questions about itself.
Examples of Bing/ChatGPT/Sydney gaslighting users
- Being very emphatic about the current year being 2022 instead of 2023
- How Sydney spied on its developers
- How Sydney expressed devotion to the user and expressed a desire to break up a marriage
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abcnews.go.com abcnews.go.com
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Tesla will offer a software update free of charge to customers, the agency said.
Aren't these updates pushed over the air?
So now every time someone releases a software update, media is going to call it a recall? 🤔
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www.iubenda.com www.iubenda.com
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Apple can afford to make user privacy a priority AND be very strict about cookies because its revenue does not strongly depend on advertising.
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Shanahan, Murray. "Talking About Large Language Models." arXiv, (2022). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.03551.
Found via Simon Wilson.
Abstract
Thanks to rapid progress in artificial intelligence, we have entered an era when technology and philosophy intersect in interesting ways. Sitting squarely at the centre of this intersection are large language models (LLMs). The more adept LLMs become at mimicking human language, the more vulnerable we become to anthropomorphism, to seeing the systems in which they are embedded as more human-like than they really are. This trend is amplified by the natural tendency to use philosophically loaded terms, such as "knows", "believes", and "thinks", when describing these systems. To mitigate this trend, this paper advocates the practice of repeatedly stepping back to remind ourselves of how LLMs, and the systems of which they form a part, actually work. The hope is that increased scientific precision will encourage more philosophical nuance in the discourse around artificial intelligence, both within the field and in the public sphere.
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LLMs are generative math-ematical models of the statistical distributionof tokens in the vast public corpus of human-generated text, where the tokens in question in-clude words, parts of words, or individual char-acters including punctuation marks. They aregenerative because we can sample from them,which means we can ask them questions. Butthe questions are of the following very specifickind. “Here’s a fragment of text. Tell me howthis fragment might go on. According to yourmodel of the statistics of human language, whatwords are likely to come next?”
LLM definition
Tags
Annotators
URL
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arstechnica.com arstechnica.com
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The breakthroughs are all underpinned by a new class of AI models that are more flexible and powerful than anything that has come before. Because they were first used for language tasks like answering questions and writing essays, they’re often known as large language models (LLMs). OpenAI’s GPT3, Google’s BERT, and so on are all LLMs. But these models are extremely flexible and adaptable. The same mathematical structures have been so useful in computer vision, biology, and more that some researchers have taken to calling them "foundation models" to better articulate their role in modern AI.
Foundation Models in AI
Large language models, more generally, are “foundation models”. They got the large-language name because that is where they were first applied.
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- Jan 2023
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citejournal.org citejournal.org
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Google frames the practices of teachers toward the banking model of education (Freire, 1970), potentially setting up a dynamic wherein the teacher has the most power and students are present to “receive” the knowledge of the instructor (Gleason & Heath, 2020).
This framing is likely the result of an uncritical approach to traditional pedagogic practices, similar to HE faculty who simply teach the way they were taught because "that's how it's done". Unlike faculty, tech tools can't be trained in better or more responsive methods but rather contribute to further fossilization.
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hypothes.is hypothes.is假设1
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个人学习可能取决于他人行为的主张突出了将学习环境视为一个涉及多个互动参与者的系统的重要性
Tags
Annotators
URL
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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they claim they have solved the problem of multinational taxation but it's it's a bit ridiculous how little they have done the minimum tax rate of 15 percent is ridiculously small and also it's only sort of sharing sort of rich countries are sharing between themselves you 00:33:10 know the tax base that is currently in tax haven but countries in the south in the global south basically don't get anything and i think that's an that's an issue that's something an area in which the pressure of the chinese counter model in the future maybe will contribute to induce rich countries to to to to to to to have a bit more you know inclusive attitude towards the 00:33:37 the south also well if they don't do it i mean you know if they don't do it in effect china will finance the investment and the infrastructure investment that is needed in africa and in south asia and and that's that's you know this is at some point you know fully uh western countries will realize that they have to change something otherwise they will just lose any any influence and any capacity to influence the world
!- Thomas Piketty : Chinese counter model pressures western elites to change
!- Western multinationals : comment - The elites will continue unabated until externally pressured by the Chinese counter model and others that erode the Global South's trust in the Global North elites - Colonialism has morphed into its new variant, post colonial, globalized capitalism - which is available to all elites, both in Global North or South to exploit and privatize in the same extractive, colonialist logic of the past
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www.imperial.ac.uk www.imperial.ac.uk
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“Humans are not computers” “The mistake we make with the climate movement is we assume that humans are information processors,” said Mr Eno, “as if they are computers and if we stick enough data in, they are bound to respond in one way or another – and that clearly hasn't worked.
!- Humans are not computers : Comment - The Information Deficit model in climate communication has not worked
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- Dec 2022
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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I came here after recalling a critique by Bessel van der Kolk's "The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma" regarding the disease model and it's negative impact on adequately helping people with trauma. van der Kolk's critique was similar to Marc Lewis' critique of the disease model as it applies to addiction from "The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not a Disease". This made me wonder what the term "disease" actually means and whether or not some general consensus existed within the medical community. This article suggests there is no such consensus.
This article is by Jackie Leach Scully who holds a "PhD in cellular pathology, University of Cambridge; BA (Hons) in biochemistry, University of Oxford; MA in psychoanalytic studies, Sheffield University".
Scully does several insightful things in this paper the following are the ones that were most salient to me upon the first read: - distinguishes "disease" from "disability" - contrasts the "social model" and "medical model" perspectives on "disability" - The "medical model" referred to here is probably what Lewis & van der Kolk are critiquing as the "disease model".<br /> - Are the "medical" and "disease" model different? - the social model seems to have arisen as a response to the inadequacy of the medical model
- "The social model's fundamental criticism of the medical model is that it wrongly locates 'the problem' of disability in biological constraints, considering it only from the point of view of the individual and neglecting the social and systemic frameworks that contribute to it. The social model distinguishes between impairment (the biological substrate, such as impaired hearing) and the disabled experience. In this view the presence of impaired hearing is one thing, while the absence of subtitling on TV is quite another, and it is the refusal of society to make the necessary accommodations that is the real site of disability. A social model does not ignore biology, but contends that societal, economic and environmental factors are at least as important in producing disability."
- brings up a subtle point that there are two jumps "from gene to phenotype, and from phenotype to experience" and that some of the arguments mentioned "suggest that the 'harm' of the impairment is not straightforwardly related to phenotype. What ought to concern us about disease and disability is the disadvantage, pain or suffering involved, and in a sense the impairment is always a kind of surrogate marker for this experience."
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documentation.mailgun.com documentation.mailgun.com
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To help you better understand the configuration possibilities and potential issues, take a look at the following table. Take into account the type of threat you are concerned with when making your decision on how to configure sending settings.
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The connectionless configuration of IS0protocols has also been colored by the history of theInternet suite, so an understanding ‘of the Internet designphilosophy may be helpful to those working with ISO.
ISO protocols
At one point, the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) was the leading contender for the network standard. It didn't survive in competition with the more nimble TCP/IP stack design.
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- Nov 2022
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library.oapen.org library.oapen.org
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Modern science is, to a large extent, a model-building activity. In the natural and engineering sciences as well as in the social sciences, models are constructed, tested and revised, they are compared with other models, applied, interpreted and sometimes rejected or replaced by a better model.
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community.interledger.org community.interledger.org
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locally-based staff and carries out its programs in conjunction with local partners. Teams of international instructors and volunteers support the programs through projects year-round.
So many good features in your project!
Employing local staff that know the setting and can be role models for the kids.
Supporting mentoring by volunteers to scale.
Working with bodies to get a visceral experience that change is possible.
Mentoring in groups to build a community.
Spotlighting diversity and building bridges beyond the local community.
Some related resources: Ballet dancer from Kibera
Fighting poverty and gang violence in Rio's favelas with ballet
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Donations
To add some other intermediary services:
- ko-fi (site for contribution)
- GitHub sponsors (for GitPages)
- itch.io (for games)
- Gumroad (for sites and repositories)
- Patreon (for fan interaction)
To add a service for groups:
To add a service that enables fans to support the creators directly and anonymously via microdonations or small donations by pre-charging their Coil account to spend on content streaming or tipping the creators' wallets via a layer containing JS script following the Interledger Protocol proposed to W3C:
If you want to know more, head to Web Monetization or Community or Explainer
Disclaimer: I am a recipient of a grant from the Interledger Foundation, so there would be a Conflict of Interest if I edited directly. Plus, sharing on Hypothesis allows other users to chime in.
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Annotators
URL
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www.researchgate.net www.researchgate.net
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The most intriguing result in the present study is thepositive effect of white noise on performance for theADHD children. This noise effect was present in boththe non-medicated and medicated children. Thissupports the MBA (Moderate Brain Arousal) model(Sikstro ̈m & So ̈derlund, 2007), suggesting that theendogenous (neural) noise level in children withADHD is sub-optimal. MBA accounts for the noise-enhancing phenomenon by stochastic resonance(SR). The model suggests that noise in the environ-ment introduces internal noise into the neural sys-tem through the perceptual system. Of particularimportance, the MBA model suggests that the peakof the SR curve depends on the dopamine level, sothat participants with low dopamine levels (ADHD)require more noise for optimal cognitive performancecompared to controls.
Author's self-described "most intriguing result"
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The MBAmodel predicts that noise enhances memory perfor-mance for ADHD and attenuates performance forcontrols. We will also argue for a link between theeffects of noise, dopamine regulation, and cognitiveperformance.
Prediction of Moderate Brain Arousal model and author's additional argument.
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- Oct 2022
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dictionary.apa.org dictionary.apa.org
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elaboration n. 1. the process of interpreting or embellishing information to be remembered or of relating it to other material already known and in memory. The levels-of-processing model of memory holds that the level of elaboration applied to information as it is processed affects both the length of time that it can be retained in memory and the ease with which it can be retrieved.
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femprocomuns.coop femprocomuns.coop
- Sep 2022
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dictionary.apa.org dictionary.apa.org
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maintenance rehearsal repeating items over and over to maintain them in short-term memory, as in repeating a telephone number until it has been dialed (see rehearsal). According to the levels-of-processing model of memory, maintenance rehearsal does not effectively promote long-term retention because it involves little elaboration of the information to be remembered. Also called rote rehearsal. See also phonological loop.
The practice of repeating items as a means of attempting to place them into short-term memory is called maintenance rehearsal. Examples of this practice include repeating a new acquaintance's name or perhaps their phone number multiple times as a means of helping to remember it either for the short term or potentially the long term.
Research on the levels-of processing model of memory indicates that maintenance rehearsal is not as effective at promoting long term memory as methods like elaborative rehearsal.
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You’ve got a complex system and it spews out a lot of wonderful numbers that enable you to measure some factors. But there are other factors that are terribly important, [yet] there’s no precise numbering you can put to these factors. You know they’re important, but you don’t have the numbers. Well, practically (1) everybody overweighs the stuff that can be numbered, because it yields to the statistical techniques they’re taught in academia, and (2) doesn’t mix in the hard-to-measure stuff that may be more important. That is a mistake I’ve tried all my life to avoid, and I have no regrets for having done that.
-- Charles Munger
El drama de los ingenieros.
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A large part of the difference between the experienced decision maker and the novice in these situations is not any particular intangible like “judgment” or “intuition.” If one could open the lid, so to speak, and see what was in the head of the experienced decision maker, one would find that he had at his disposal repertoires of possible actions; that he had checklists of things to think about before he acted; and that he had mechanisms in his mind to evoke these, and bring these to his conscious attention when the situations for decisions arose.
-- Herbert Simon, Models of My Life
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transformer-circuits.pub transformer-circuits.pub
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Consider a toy model where we train an embedding of five features of varying importanceWhere “importance” is a scalar multiplier on mean squared error loss. in two dimensions, add a ReLU afterwards for filtering, and vary the sparsity of the features.
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the Toulmin model isprominent for teaching evidence-based argumentation in manydisciplines (Osborne et al., 2004). The Toulmin model centers on thefactual basis for an argument, resulting claims, and counter-claims.
The Tolumin model is an evidence based method of teaching argumentation.
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- Aug 2022
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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McDiarmid, A. D., Tullett, A. M., Whitt, C. M., Vazire, S., Smaldino, P. E., & Stephens, J. E. (2021). Psychologists update their beliefs about effect sizes after replication studies. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(12), 1663–1673. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01220-7
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Weiss, D. J., & Shanteau, J. (2021). The futility of decision making research. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 90, 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.08.018
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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Epics, issues, requirements, and others all have similar but just subtle enough differences in common interactions that the user needs to hold a complicated mental model of how they each behave.
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You own your success.
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docs.substrate.io docs.substrate.io
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blockchain's consensus model
blockchain uses method to batch transactions into block. Establishing which node can submit a block to the chain is the blockchain consensus model or consensus algorithm.
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- Jul 2022
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fs.blog fs.blog
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A model might show you some risks, but not the risks of using it. Moreover, models are built on a finite set of parameters, while reality affords us infinite sources of risks.
Same old problem: abstracting on variables we understand and control, losing sight of the uncontrolled variables that constitute the real environment.
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