Roosevelt does not seem to have much faith in the words of the charter itself, but seems to call for example and action throughout her defense and explanation of the charter. She believed that only living the character would guide the actions and behavior of others. This hope that Roosevelt have would become real, as the U.N's declaration of human rights has become a point of behavioral guidance for humanity, as can be seen in the 50th anniversary of the U.N's declaration of human rights.

Roosevelt highlights this point which is very interesting, because the United Nations does not enforce the Declaration of human rights. Despite Roosevelt's assertive comments about human rights and the push for the U.N's declaration of human rights to be completed, the declaration of human rights has only served as moral guidance for the world.

Roosevelt here appeals to pathos to encourage motivation about the attempt of creating effort toward freedom and individual rights for everyone, where everyone has individual freedom and rights that are not controlled but belong to the individual, and are respected. The U.N has accomplished Roosevelt's vision of what the U.N's declaration of human rights should be to people and the world as is seen in the below documentation of the U.N's declaration of human rights' 50th anniversary.

Eleanor agrees to the inclusion of economic rights at the request of Russia. Russia argued that a declaration of human rights should include social and economic rights, not just political rights. The U.N's declaration of human rights originally included political rights, but not economic or social rights. Despite this, Russia still did not assent to the U.N's declaration of human rights, Roosevelts move here was to appease the Russians to draw them towards assenting to the U.N's declaration of human rights through persuasion by being agreeable to Russia's appeal to logos. This however did not work.

Despite what Roosevelt states here, she did not have the same approach to Russia when drafting the United Nations Declaration of human rights. She was often frustrated with their push to redefine human rights, and their push to include economic and social rights into the declaration of human rights. Despite her including economic rights in the declaration of human rights. Russia still did not want to agree with the content in the declaration of human rights.

Roosevelt gives a specific example here in contrasting definitions of terms held by the soviet union and the United States. She proceeds to critique the Soviets understanding of the right to work, noting that it the soviet unions understanding of the right to work does not include individual freedom, because they understand the right to work as being given by the government. Roosevelt points out such control is not freedom, but is akin to a slave society. Interestingly she does not use assertive language when saying this, but only states that a totalitarian society with control of the right to work may be a slave society. It is however interesting that the U.N's declaration of human rights does not initially include social rights, as social rights are something that Roosevelt was very focused on in her career.

The focal point of Roosevelt's essay is her frustration with communist countries. The attack on the U.N's declaration of human rights is primarily definitional in substance (though ideological in dispute). Although The U.N's declaration of human rights is presumptive about the terms democracy and human freedom, there is not universal agreement on what those terms mean.

Roosevelt does not seem to have much faith in the words of the charter itself, but seems to call for example and action throughout her defense and explanation of the charter. She believed that only living the character would guide the actions and behavior of others. This hope that Roosevelt have would become real, as the U.N's declaration of human rights has become a point of behavioral guidance for humanity, as can be seen in the 50th anniversary of the U.N's declaration of human rights.

Roosevelt here appeals to pathos to encourage motivation about the attempt of creating effort toward freedom and individual rights for everyone, where everyone has individual freedom and rights that are not controlled but belong to the individual, and are respected. The U.N has accomplished Roosevelt's vision of what the U.N's declaration of human rights should be to people and the world as is seen in the below documentation of the U.N's declaration of human rights' 50th anniversary.

Roosevelt gives a specific example here in contrasting definitions of terms held by the soviet union and the United States. She proceeds to critique the Soviets understanding of the right to work, noting that it the soviet unions understanding of the right to work does not include individual freedom, because they understand the right to work as being given by the government. Roosevelt points out such control is not freedom, but is akin to a slave society. Interestingly she does not use assertive language when saying this, but only states that a totalitarian society with control of the right to work may be a slave society. It is however interesting that the U.N's declaration of human rights does not initially include social rights, as social rights are something that Roosevelt was very focused on in her career.

Eleanor agrees to the inclusion of economic rights at the request of Russia. Russia argued that a declaration of human rights should include social and economic rights, not just political rights. The U.N's declaration of human rights originally included political rights, but not economic or social rights. Despite this, Russia still did not assent to the U.N's declaration of human rights, Roosevelts move here was to appease the Russians to draw them towards assenting to the U.N's declaration of human rights through persuasion by being agreeable to Russia's appeal to logos. This however did not work.

The focal point of Roosevelt's essay is her frustration with communist countries. The attack on the U.N's declaration of human rights is primarily definitional in substance (though ideological in dispute). Although The U.N's declaration of human rights is presumptive about the terms democracy and human freedom, there is not universal agreement on what those terms mean.

Despite what Roosevelt states here, she did not have the same approach to Russia when drafting the United Nations Declaration of human rights. She was often frustrated with their push to redefine human rights, and their push to include economic and social rights into the declaration of human rights. Despite her including economic rights in the declaration of human rights. Russia still did not want to agree with the content in the declaration of human rights.

Roosevelt highlights this point which is very interesting, because the United Nations does not enforce the Declaration of human rights. Despite Roosevelt's assertive comments about human rights and the push for the U.N's declaration of human rights to be completed, the declaration of human rights has only served as moral guidance for the world.

Covid is still a danger and still causes many economic and social problems but there are ways to help us learn to take care of ourselves and others from this as mentioned in the CDC website.

L.A county still being infected with lots of cases is crazy. There are still cases being made and it's still very dangerous especially with people who don't even have their vaccines or boosters. Its especially dangerous for older people.

Basically 65-79 higher seniors are in high risk of being sent to the hospital rather than other people who aren't even vaccines The booster is much more stronger to seniors.

They should promote recycling old electronics more as you don't see any commercials or adds for that so a lot of that stuff just gets tossed and sits in landfills.

This paragraph caught my attention for several reasons. The first is that it was one of the first paragraphs that I actually understood what it was saying. Additionally, it made me feel like I could do something about it. When it said that reusing electrical components are better, it helped me see a clear way that I can direct effect this. Finally, I thought this paragraph was interesting because it talked about creating jobs. This is important to note because more and more people are going to school for something involving technology. This creates jobs for that specific group of people.

The description of this scene is insinuating on the importance of the little things which I believe is what the author was trying to convey when asking such questions to seeing a dog with a bone. He even refers to Plato at one point who was known as a philosophical speaker who was wise in such ideas. "Plato says that true and reliable knowledge rests only with those who can comprehend the true reality behind the world of everyday experience." (Macintosh) Platos theory of forms suggested that there is a different reality to everything for each person. That would insinuate that for a dog, that bone is big thing worth his time, while as humans, we see the dog with his bone and think "why bother?".

Dante uses this phrase to describe his fear of the lion. The fact that the lion is "rabid with hunger" further demonstrates how violent it is. John Demaray states that "the growing awareness that the actions of Dante in the narrative are in part a figural re-enactment of Biblical events", these beasts were referenced from the bible and therefore characterizes different types of sin. The lion, she-wolf, and leopard represent barriers that keeps Dante from reaching "Saint Peter's Gate which is the way into heaven.

Demaray, John G. “The Pilgrim Texts and Dante’s Three Beasts: Inferno, I.” Italica, vol. 46, no. 3, 1969, pp. 233–41. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/477804. Accessed 11 Mar. 2023.

texto pdf

Major: Nursing My Favorite Movie is House Party(with Kidd and Play)

At this time in the Greek world, women had little to no rights. Men controlled their lives and their only duties and value were to bear and raise children and maintain the household (Column). Here Lysistrata is passing her stereotypical womanly duties onto the Magistrate, declaring that war is the "women's affair" now.

How to Scatter Plot

How to TTEST

J

an artificial RNA molecule with a tight hairpin turn that can be used to silence target gene expression via RNA interference. Check out the following page for more information. https://horizondiscovery.com/en/applications/rnai/shrna-applications

adjunto link sobre lo que Schutz habla sobre las relevancias motivacionales

In the article, "The New Normative: Queer Politics in The Outs," author John Sherman, a freelance writer from Brooklyn, implores reader's to give credit to show's casually- revolutionary representation of queer characters. Sherman indicates to reader's that this is a rarely great representation for its time (2012) because it gives gay characters a non-stereotypical story line. It allows it's characters to be people who just happen to be gay. In just the pilot episode, it's not hard to see this truth. With the first four queer male characters being introduced, they all have different characteristics, priorities, and dynamics with eachother that don't center around their gayness. This gives a depth to the queer character being represented without relying on the fact that their gay to do so. I think that the positive reaction to this show bodes very well for the style of queer representation being presented and will hopefully inspire more writing and content making of this kind which non-chalently gives a voice gay to story lines in a relatable- human way instead of a stereotypical and tokenising way.

I believe that Shitt's Creek also does this fairly well. Although I've only seen a couple episodes myself- I saw the character of David as a complete person and story line not defined by his gayness or partner choices although it is an obvious part of his identity.

Do you believe that we should countinue with the current national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner" or should we change it to "Lift Every Voice" ? Is it wrong that we are singing a song written by a slaveholder towards our country ?

和证书一起，把公钥发送过来

No Brasil, a data 20 de novembro é muito importante para a população negra, pois nessa data:

Subject:Inequality, Planetary Boundary / Doughnut Economic Category: Wealth, Inequality

movement means "A group of people with the same beliefs who work together to achieve something."

Immigrant means "Someone who comes to live in a different country."

subsidize means "We have a subsidized restaurant at work."

Social interactions with other students is undoubtedly a good thing. Online learning has its place as well.

This Playbuzz Privacy Policy (“Policy”) outlines what personal information is collected by Playbuzz Ltd. (“Playbuzz”, “we”, “us” or “our”), how we use such personal information, the choices you have with respect to such personal information, and other important information.

We keep your personal information personal and private. We will not sell, rent, share, or otherwise disclose your personal information to anyone except as necessary to provide our services or as otherwise described in this Policy.

This sentence caught my attention the most because not only was it the opening sentence, but it also outlined the problem that was discussed throughout the rest of the article. As society expands and grows upward electronically, there is more and more e-waste. Since this flow of e-waste is becoming so large, it is being labeled as the world's fastest-growing waste stream. This article then goes on to explain this phenomenon.

The article I linked below goes over the toxicological implications of e-waste and I think it ties in well to the topics covered in this article. It shows how it can affect the health of humans and to which degree.

Pl.: Budapesti Szépművészeti Múzeum Könyvtár

Egyesült Nemzetek Nevelésügyi, Tudományos és Kulturális Szervezete

Turing-teszt: "tudnak-e a gépek gondolkodni?"

En las instituciones educativas de los sectores más vulnerables donde la falta de acceso a las Tics fue la constante, redes sociales como el Whatsapp terminaron siendo el único medio que permitía un contacto esporádico y una educación remota, la privacidad y la cotidianidad de los docentes se vio alterada por la falta de un derecho a la desconexión, la labor docente se volvió una labor de tiempo completo donde la carencia de recursos primo y la creatividad de los docentes para realizar sus clases permitieron sacar procesos adelante.

YouTube constituyó una fuente de materiales audiovisuales que muchos maestros implementaron como recurso y forma de divulgación. Por otro lado, la plataforma TEAMS brindada por la SED permitió más opciones de trabajo desde sus funciones, sin embargo, es una plataforma muy pesada para cualquier dispositivo o computador y requiere de una banda ancha de internet lo que hizo fue dificultar el acceso pues meet, zoom ... son más sencillas, amables y menos pesadas. Se obligó a las instituciones a implementar Teams sin tener en cuenta las características y necesidades de la mayoría de los estudiantes de las instituciones públicas.

Es interesante como Leonor en su Wiki, juega con las imágenes que ilustran de lo que está hablando, recurre a enlaces de artículos relacionados y finaliza con una reflexión sobre la virtualidad y cómo esta aunque se impulsó con la pandemia no es pasajera, sino que al igual que en el caso personal de Leonor los aprendizajes construidos sobre TICS, serán saberes que estarán constantemente enriqueciendo la práctica pedagógica de los maestros. En cuanto a los usos de las Tics que se evidencian en la experiencia personal de Leonor se puede interpretar un uso básico de plataformas y redes sociales, pero al igual interés por explorar otras formas de uso y lo complejo que resultó para los docentes enfrentarnos al uso de las tecnologías sin lamentablemente, contar con una alfabetización apropiada a la altura de la demanda de las problemáticas educativas enfrentadas, lo que a su vez refleja la realidad de nuestro país y la poca alfabetización digital con la que contamos las personas en general y especialmente los maestros.

Es interesante como Leonor en su Wiki, juega con las imágenes que ilustran de lo que está hablando, recurre a enlaces de artículos relacionados y finaliza con una reflexión sobre la virtualidad y cómo esta aunque se impulsó con la pandemia no es pasajera, sino que al Igual que en el caso personal de Leonor los aprendizajes construidos sobre TICS, serán saberes que estarán constantemente enriqueciendo la práctica pedagógica de los maestros. En cuanto a los usos de las Tics que se evidencian en la experiencia personal de Leonor se puede interpretar un uso básico de plataformas y redes sociales, pero al igual interesa por explorar otras formas de uso y lo complejo que resultó para los docentes enfrentarnos al uso de las tecnologías sin lamentablemente, tener la formación para hacerlo.

Stellungnahme von 400 Wissenschaftler:innen zur Ernährungskrise, die der Krieg gegen die Ukraine auslöst: Wir dürfen nicht mit Produktionssteigerungen regieren, die die Klimakrise verschärfen. Wichtig sind Veränderungen der Nachfrage wie Abbau des Fleischkonsums.

L'association de deux sujets qui n'ont pas de corrélation vérifiéé, revient dans la conclusion en contradiction avec la conclusion de l'étude de Ramdoss, S et al.

En contradiction avec l'hypothèse :

Results suggest that CBI should not yet be considered a researched-based approach to teaching communication skills to individuals with ASD. However, CBI does seem a promising practice that warrants future research. Les résultats suggèrent que le CBI ne devrait pas encore être considéré comme un approche fondée sur la recherche pour enseigner les compétences en communication aux personnes ayant Troubles du Spectre Autistique. Cependant, le CBI semble être une pratique prometteuse qui justifie des recherches futures.

==>il s’agirait d’une déclinaison sur écran des outils et méthodes de communication améliorée et alternative (CAA), comme le PECS ou le Makaton. déjà existants, IDEOPICTO ou le langage conceptuel SACCADE

==>l’échantillon de l’étude est est extrêmement limité, l’étude n’est pas répliqué et elle ne permet pas de retirer de résultats concluants

The repetition of these phrase shows how he will leave people passionate about something and encourage them to soar up high like a waving flag

The speaker is directing the song towards the theme ‘freedom’ “give me freedom,fire,reason”these metaphors used by the writer is saying that these are what is needed to take things to a higher level as seen in the following phrase,”take me higher”Freedom represents the power of right to act or speak,which shows the intensity the writer wants to take things higher.The word fire also could represent inspiration,which also is a powerful thing to use to take things more bigger.

https://www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at/Zum_wilden_Mann_(1)

"Reinforcement means to the act of reinforcing."

"Environment means that aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences."

I find it interesting that so much light was shed upon Carthage and how the society carried themselves. Wealth was starting to be concerning because Aristotle commented on Carthage: "that such a preoccupation with wealth would lead inevitably to a self-interested oligarchy dominating society."

I did not know what the word miasma meant, after searching it up I learned that it was a "highly unpleasant or unhealthy smell". I wanted to learn more about what personal hygiene was like and how it changed during the time of the plague. I learned that it was a very unsanitary time and this helped to spread the plague. The doctors were unsure where the plague could spread from some, the community continued on with their everyday routine in little sense of where the disease came from which made the plague spread more.

«Todo acto de violencia sexista que tiene como resultado posible o real un daño físico, sexual o psíquico, incluidas las amenazas, la coerción o la privación arbitraria de libertad, ya sea que ocurra en la vida pública o en la privada».

El ejercicio de la violencia de género podrá sustentarse en una esquematizacion regida y perversa de los roles de genero, culturalmente asimilados. Fuerza, poder y dominio aparecen como valores propios de la identidad masculina en nuestra cultura. Estos "valores" fundamentan estructuras de desigualdad, y un medio para alcanzarlos y defenderlos es la agresion. Como contrapartida, la identidad femenina ha sido elaborada con los atributos de debilidad, controlabilidad y necesidad de proteccion. Estos valores son transmitidos como pautas de comportamiento deseable y se insertan en los patrones de masculinidad y feminidad asociados al ciclo de la violencia. Pagina 4 y 5.

1. adj. Dicho de una institución, de un organismo o de un centro: Que, por delegación del Estado, coopera a los fines de este sin formar parte de la Administración pública.

No existe un perfil único de maltratador. Tampoco se trata de hombres agresivos ni de psicópatas. Nuestro estudio pone en cuestión los estereotipos relacionados hasta ahora con la conducta y los rasgos del maltratador, como puede ser el consumo de sustancias tóxicas y de alcohol, la vivencia de experiencias traumáticas en la edad infantil o los problemas psíquicos. En este último aspecto, los datos del patrón de personalidad de un grupo de maltratadores basados en el inventario clínico multiaxial Millon-II señalan a la compulsividad como rasgo más destacado de estas personas; no obstante, el percentil no supera el grado de normalidad, por lo que se descarta la posibilidad de una psicopatología.

https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

Self-Hosting on DigitalOcean means setting up Let’s Encrypt to configure SSL.

ghost setup ssl

Postmodernist Theory. This theory was focus on associated with relativism on ideology in the maintenance of economic and political power. It also generally explain which is claim to be valid for all groups, cultures, traditions, or races.

The articles I picked for my two picked was from CNN and the other was from the ny times. They both were very similar because they both were about how the US troops left Afghanistan after our 20 year war with them.

.

a metal musical instrument that you play by blowing into it and pressing keys to produce different notes

a small, round mark or spot:

If something long and thin snaps, it breaks making a short, loud sound, and if you snap it, you break it, making a short, loud sound:

a feeling of being certain of your ability to do things well:

to move around and around quickly, or to make something do this:

I am confused on how it is regarded because wouldn't a word like religion be expected to have more than one definition since religion is not one thing to everyone. Even the basic definitions of religion are unique in their own ways.

typical answer to something

give a clarifying expression

to deal with something in a practical non-theoretical way.

another word for clarification

The title of the article immediately made me think of the world we are living in now. For example it is becoming more and more evident that the country has mixed opinions on the vaccine. The government, state agencies and other public entities are requiring proof of a vaccine to even enter the premises. Some companies are offering incentives across the country to incentivize the vaccine by offering free products and discounts. To an extent from a medical perspective you want everyone as healthy as possible, but from a freedom perspective it is on the verge of violating an individual's freedom of choice through forced compliance.

• James did not want anyone to think that God sends trials to break down or destroy our faith; therefore, he will come back to this point in James 1:13-18. -James knew that most people have an evil tendency to blame God when they find themselves in trials. Yet by His very nature, God is unable to either be tempted (in the sense we are tempted, as James will explain), nor does He Himself tempt anyone.

Up until this point, I have no idea that there is a code of ethics for computing professionals. I simply think that problems are presented and we try to solve it by creating algorithms. However, the thought of these algorithms being able to determine if a certain individual can get a job or approved for a bank loan have never crossed my mind. This new understanding will bring a new awareness to what kind of job I'm taking in the future and it will also help me determine what path I want to take in my career.

QUESTION: What exactly does nix-shell execute from the Nix expression (i.e., shell.nix, default.nix, etc.)?

ANSWER: Based on my current understanding, the answer is everything. It calls $stdenv/setup (see annotation below) to set up the most basic environment variables (TODO: expand on this), and "injects" the most common tools (e.g., gcc, sed) into it.

It also defines the phases (TODO: verify this) and builder functions, such as genericBuilder. For example, the default builder is just two lines:

source $stdenv/setup
genericBuild

TODO: pkgs/stdenv/generic/builder.sh is a mystery though.

QUESTION: Once dropping into nix-shell, how do I know what phases to execute by looking at a default.nix? (E.g., [..]freeswitch/default.nix)

ANSWER: As far as I can tell, one can override the phases in their Nix build expression (to build the derivation, see at the bottom), but they won't get executed as only the $stdenv/setup (see above) will get sourced, and no builders are called that, in return, invoke the phases (again, see above).

So if one is using nix-shell

• to create/hack on a package, the person has to manually invoke the builder or phases (TODO: still fuzzy on this subject)

• to set up an environment, then one doesn't even have to worry about builders/phases because we just use nix-shell to clear the environment and to inject tools that we need for a given task

QUESTION: When dropping into nix-shell, is this Nix expression (i.e., freeswitch/default.nix) executed? Or just parts of it?

ANSWER: As stated above, all of the input Nix expression is evaluated, but no builders and build phases are called; although, nothing prevents one to override the phases, in case they are creating/hacking on a package.

QUESTION:

The command nix-shell will build the dependencies of the specified derivation, but not the derivation itself.

What is the "derivation" here exactly? I know that it is a build expression, but does that mean the default.nix (or other Nix expression) nix-shell is invoked with?

^{This statement also seems like a contradiction with how `nix-shell` works (i.e., if one issues `nix-shell -p curl`, then `curl` will be available in that sub-shell), but `-p` acts like a shortcut to as if `curl` had been listed in `buildInputs` so this is not the case.}

ANSWER: I have the feeling my confusion comes from the fact that the term "derivation" is used ambiguously in the manuals, sometimes to mean multiple things (see list below).

TODO: Substantiate this claim, and make sure that it not coming from my misunderstanding certain topics.

• Nix build expression (such as default.nix) whose output is going to become the store derivation itself (see last item at the bottom about the Nix manual's glossary definition)

• store derivation.

Had multiple cracks at unambiguously define what a derivation is, and here's a list of these:

• What is the purpose of nix-instantiate? What is a store-derivation? (probably the best try yet)

• What is a Nix expression in regard to Nix package management? (feels sloppier, but commenter mentions ATerm, adding the possibility of making it very specific)

• Closure vs derivation in the Nix package manager (very short, and will have to be re-written, but adds closures to the mix)

• There is now a glossary definition of a derivation in the Nix manual; see this annotation why I find it problematic

QUESTION: What is the difference between nix-shell -p and nix-shell invoked with a Nix expression of mkShell (or other that achieves the similar effect)?

QUESTION: nix-shell does not create a sub-shell, so what does it do? (clarification: so nix-shell indeed does it; I confused it with nix shell)

Ein Zehntel der Berggletscher der Erde wird bis 2050 schmelzen, selbst wenn die Ziele der Pariser Klimaabkommens eingehalten werden. In besonders betroffenen Gebieten, z.B: in Mitteleuropa, wird die Eismasse der Gletscher um die Hälfte zurückgehen.

World will lose 10% of glacier ice even if it hits climate targets | Environment | The Guardian

fully agree with this statement as motivated people motivate others and allow for a great team working ethic with everyone pulling in the same direction

the ability to produce an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertility. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEiqZWw5vYs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_circle_(virtual_worlds)

En muchas de las ocasiones los seres humanos estamos sujetos a las actividades que otros hacen para guiarnos o quizá imitar comportamientos. Es por ello que existen una cantidad e prohibiciones de copiado para evitar la repetición de contenidos..

La desinhibición a los actos violentos y su diafanada presencia a lo largo de la historia del ser humano, se han visto incitadas y provocadas durante nuestra época por el sistema social con el cual hemos sido instruidos. Cabe denotar que la autora hace énfasis en la violencia de género, parafraseando conceptualizaciones de la ideología feminista nos explica: la postura social de la masculinidad y la feminidad, sus interrelaciones afectadas por la corrosión del comportamiento sustentándolo con una explicación psicoanalítica y la afectación que las organizaciones y el ser humano efectúan sobre el ser humano.. Al final de texto Rita hace un comunicado dirigido a los hombres, induce la idea de ser participes en la solución del problema social puesto que no somos ajenos a él. De esta forma este texto es dirigido para toda persona que deseé informarse sobre uno de los problemas sociales más importantes de nuestra historia, pues Desde el 2009 las muertes violentas de mujeres —y de hombres— se dispararon de manera significativa; sólo en 2010 y 2011 los homicidios femeninos casi se duplicaron. Esta tendencia sólo se revirtió en 2014 y 2015, en el 2016 y hasta el momento la cifra continúa con alzas. Los registros también evidencian una creciente tendencia de las muertes violentas de mujeres. Aún con el confinamiento estricto que paralizó gran parte de las actividades y la movilidad el total de asesinatos de mujeres creció 0.6% en comparación con el mismo periodo del 2019. Como último quiero remarcar lo que dijo la autora "Los hombres deben entrar en las luchas contra el patriarcado, pero que no deben hacerlo por nosotras y para protegernos del sufrimiento que la violencia de género nos inflige, sino por ellos mismos, para liberarse del mandato de la masculinidad."

Concrete Mixing Plant

As a company, we are sensitive to using advanced building technologies effectively for all our building and construction projects. As a matter of fact, the most important factor underlying the quality and safety standards that our company has achieved in all its projects so far is that we use building technologies effectively. We always follow technological developments that will help us achieve much better standards in construction applications. For this, we use the most innovative concrete mixing plant technology to realize the concrete applications without exception at the highest quality. We have been working with Elkon for many years to meet this need that has arisen in line with the intensive work of our company. As well as the high-quality standards of the company's concrete mixing plant products, we can ensure a high compatibility in our work with service offerings focused on projects. For this reason, we are working with Elkon firm on the need for a concrete mixing plant for each project that our company will start to realize. In addition to volume capacity options, mixers have a very rich model variety by means of technical functions. In this way, we can supply concrete plants, which are suitable for our needs created by the concrete application capacity in our project, from the company. With its superior technology and high-quality durability, we do not encounter any problems in our applications on concrete, which is the most common thing we use in our project sites. The serious problems that technical problems may cause in terms of construction projects are at everyone's discretion. Our company will continue to work in harmony with the company for all construction and building projects in the future, as it has enabled us to encounter these problems today. We would like to thank them for their quality responses to our requests up to now.

Where it started

This sentence caught my eye because it seems like an obvious solution to reduce the amount of e-waste and materials used to create new products. It is upsetting to see that many people resort to being wasteful and using up the world's resources at such a quick rate before thinking about reusing and remodeling what we have already created.

Come up with an ultimate definition for what a "derivation" is.

So round up all the places where it is mentioned across Nix* manuals, and check out these:

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58243554/what-is-a-nix-expression-in-regard-to-nix-package-management (this also needs to be edited)

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31490262/what-is-the-purpose-of-nix-instantiate-what-is-a-store-derivation

• https://nixos.org/manual/nix/unstable/expressions/derivations.html

• https://github.com/justinwoo/nix-shorts/blob/master/posts/your-first-derivation.md

• look for more online

From Nix Pills section 6.1. The derivation function (see annotation):

A derivation from a Nix language view point is simply a set, with some attributes. Therefore you can pass the derivation around with variables like anything else.

So there is clearly an ambiguity between what derivations are perceived to be and what is stated in the Eelco Dolstra's PhD thesis. Or maybe I'm having issues with reading comprehension again...

QUESTION: So when I see $out in a builder script, it refers to the default output path because the output attribute in the Nix expression has never been explicitly set, right?

That is, if an input attribute is a reference to a derivation in the Nix store, then

1. that derivation is built first (after a binary substitute is not found, I presume), and
2. the path to the built package (for a better word) is handed to the shell build script.

Organically related to the annotation regarding my nix-shell confusion.

The dissection of this definition to show why I find it lacking:

A description of a build action.

The first (couple) time(s) I read the manuals, this description popped up in many places, and I identified it with Nix expression every time, thinking that a derivation is a synonym for Nix expression.

Maybe it is, because it clearly tries to disambiguate between store derivations and derivation in the last sentence.

The result of a derivation is a store object.

Is this store object the same as a store derivation?

Derivations are typically specified in Nix expressions using the `derivation primitive. These are translated into low-level store derivations (implicitly by nix-env and nix-build, or explicitly by nix-instantiate).

QUESTION: So, the part of the Nix build expression (such as default.nix) where the derivation primitive is called (explicitly or implicitly, as in mkDerivation) is the derivation, that will be ultimately be translated into store derivations?

ANSWER: Start at section 15.4 Derivation.

QUESTION: Also, why is typically used here? Can one define derivations outside of Nix expressions?

ANSWER(?): One could I guess, because store derivations are ATerms (see annotation at the top), and the Nix expression language is just a tool to translate parameterized build actions into concrete terms to build a software package. The store derivations could be achieved using different means; e.g., the way Guix uses Guile scheme to get the same result))

I believe, that originally, derivation was simply a synonym to store derivation. Maybe it still is, and I'm just having difficulties with reading comprehension but I think the following would be less misleading (to me and apart from re-writing the very first sentence):

Derivations are typically the result of Nix expressions calling the derivation primitive explicitly, or implicitly usingmkDerivation`. These are translated into low-level store derivations (implicitly by nix-env and nix-build, or explicitly by nix-instantiate).

QUESTION: Does this refer to pkgs/stdenv/generic/setup.sh? According to 6.5 Phases in the Nixpkgs manual?

ANSWER: I'm pretty sure it does. It sets up the environment (not sure how yet; I see the env vars, but not the basic commands - sed, awk, etc. - that are listed below) and defines a bunch of functions (such as genericBuilder) but it doesn't call these functions!

"Documented" in the Nixpkgs manual under 6.1 Using stdenv.

Used the double-quotes above because I don't consider it well documted. Will give it a try too; worst case scenario is that I'll fail as well.

See annotations with the build-phases tag.

Why are the build phases not enumerated in the Nix manual? If the instructions on how to create a derivation (and thus, a package) then why not go all in instead of spreading out information in different manuals, making the subject harder to grasp?...

(By the way, it is documented in the Nixpkgs manual under 6.5 Phases; not sure why it is not called build phases when every page refers to them like that.)

This such a stupid move to go through a derivation example before introducing the language.

In addition to this rant, step 3. should be more generic, instead of tying it to Nixpkgs; at least, either show how to build your own Nix expression repo, or don't add this step, but it is not at all necessary to write a derivation. There is a Nixpkgs manual for a reason.

So a substitute is a built binary for a given derivation, and a substituter is a server (or binary cache) that serves pre-built binaries, right?

Update: in the next line it says that "it will fall back to using the binary cache substituter", so I guess that answers it.

this is another key topic. Also:

• substitute vs. substituter => this (I think)

See annotations with the substitute tag

binary caches tie in with substitutes somehow; get to the bottom of it. See annotations with the substitute tag.

Maybe this?

Another gem: who knows what a "closure" is.

[This highlight] (a couple lines below) implicitly explains it though:

The command nix-copy-closure copies a Nix store path along with all its dependencies to or from another machine via the SSH protocol. It doesn’t copy store paths that are already present on the target machine.

or this, also just a couple lines below:

the closure of a store path (that is, the path and all its dependencies)

That is a misleading statement. The latest version is where the master branch points, isn't it?

So a channel points to a Nixpkgs commit (on a branch named after the channel) where all packages inside are deemed stable, and all packages are built to have available binary substitutes by a (hydra) build farm.

Definitely avoid this, when a term is used but only introduced formally way later. (There is also a reference to "garbage collector roots" almost at the beginning as well.)

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Explain the shit out of this one with tons of examples.

• https://hyp.is/ZHWETHDAEeuNGXcYXST5Ig/toraritte.github.io/saves/Nix-Package-Manager-Guide-Version-2.3.10.html

... and it takes AGES to complete

There is a lot of place in this manual (and probably in the others as well) where the prefix is referred to (usually with italics, such as "prefix/store"), so in the book

• this should be linked to this section (or the one in the book), and

• establish a clear and well-communicated notation to convey this

Why?

Answer is below in the manual: https://hyp.is/qRSFdnCJEeueY8NWtMIeHw/toraritte.github.io/saves/Nix-Package-Manager-Guide-Version-2.3.10.html

Would have been nice to link these to the install chapter where single- and multi-user modes were mentioned.

How would this look in a topic-based documentation? I would think that his chapter would be listed in the pre-requisites, and it could be used to buld different reading paths (or assemblies in DocBook, I believe) such as practical, depth-first (if there are people like me who want to understand everything first), etc.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reentrancy_(computing)

Yeah, I there are several tickets and posts about how this is not entirely true.

• https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/1623
• https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/1402
• https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/458
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51929461/how-to-uninstall-nix
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/443699/how-do-you-uninstall-in-nix
• https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/170000/how-to-completely-remove-nix-package-manager

Traditionally, when a command should be invoked with sudo, it is either included in the example, or the shell indicator is # instead of $.

It should be noted in this section also that since nix 2.1.0, single user install is the default.

What is happening here exactly?

nix-shell's syntax synopsis always bugged because it looks like this

SYNOPSIS
nix-shell [--arg name value] [--argstr name value] [{--attr | -A} attrPath] [--command cmd] [--run cmd] [--exclude regexp] [--pure] [--keep name] {{--packages | -p} packages...  | [path]}

and the canonical example is nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A pan; what tripped me up is that path is usually the first in examples, and I thought that the position of arguments are strict. As it turns out, nix-shell -A pan '<nixpkgs> is just as valid.

Side note<br> Apparently there is no standard for man pages. See 1, 2.

'<nixpkgs>' path is the one specified in the NIX_PATH environment variable, and -A pan looks up the pan attribute in pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix in the Nixpkgs repo.

Wouldn't hurt to tell folks that this is a convenience layer, and one could also just use the old package from the /nix/store, even though that path would be long and obscure; one could use symlinks of course.

Or, onc could just use nix-shell -p that specifies a specific version (that's already in the store), but, of course, it's not that simple...

https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/9682

See main annotation for the derivation topic

This is the gist of how Nixpkgs works (and how it is organized).

QUESTION: What is a fixed-point of a function?

ANSWER: See this video) at least, and the Fixed-point (mathematics)) wikipedia article:

In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint, also known as an invariant point) of a function is an element of the function's domain that is mapped to itself by the function. That is to say, c is a fixed point of the function f if f(c) = c. This means

f(f(...f(c)...)) = f n(c) = c

an important terminating consideration when recursively computing f. A set of fixed points is sometimes called a fixed set.

For example, if f is defined on the real numbers by f(x)=x^{2}-3x+4,}, then 2 is a fixed point of f, because f(2) = 2.

There is also the wiki article fixed-point combinator that actually plays a role here, but read through the articles in this order.

Then dissect the Stackoverflow thread What is a Y combinator?, and pay attention to the comments! For example:

According to Mike Vanier's description, your definition for Y is actually not a combinator because it's recursive. Under "Eliminating (most) explicit recursion (lazy version)" he has the lazy scheme equivalent of your C# code but explains in point 2: "It is not a combinator, because the Y in the body of the definition is a free variable which is only bound once the definition is complete..." I think the cool thing about Y-combinators is that they produce recursion by evaluating the fixed-point of a function. In this way, they don't need explicit recursion. – GrantJ Jul 18 '11 at 0:02

(wut?)

Other resources in no particular order:

• google search for "fixpoint evaluation fixed point combinator explained"
• Cornell's CS 6110 S17 Lecture 5
• google search for "fixed-point of a function"
• Fixed-point theorem (wikipedia)
• How can I find the fixed points of a function? (math stackexchange)
• The Y Combinator (Slight Return) (see the "Fixpoint of functions" section)
• Clear, intuitive derivation of the fixed-point combinator (Y combinator)? (computer science stackexchange)
• Fixed-Point Combinators (stackoverflow)
• Fixed-point combinator (HandWiki)

QUESTION: How the hell did they come up with the idea of using this with Nix and package management? (..and who? I remember a video saved somewhere, but maybe that was about overlays)

QUESTION: ... and how does it work in this context?

ANSWER: Well, not an answer yet, but this may be something in the right direction:

http://blog.tpleyer.de/posts/2020-01-29-Nix-overlay-evaluation-example.html

QUESTION: What is ldconfig cache?

QUESTION: What is libc and why does Bash need it?

QUESTION: So the Nix store houses derivations and not the built packages?

QUESTION: Are the hashes in the Nix store not unique?

Doesn't really say anything but thought it important to highlight this first mention of derivations in the Nix Pills.

This is a very good pointer; I guess it refers to systemd services when it mentions "simple services".

Didn't they mean what mkDerivation requires?

I have been jumping around in this manual, so not sure about what arguments does derivation require.

The error messages are not helpful when one messes up the input attribute set ofmkDerivation (i.e., either name, or pname and version attributes have to be present); see Nixpkgs issue #113520.

... and from Chapter 11:

fetchpatch works very similarly to fetchurl with the same arguments expected. It expects patch files as a source and and performs normalization on them before computing the checksum. For example it will remove comments or other unstable parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over time.

... and also adding highlight of 19.3. Submitting security fixes

because these are the only places I've seen fetchpatch mentioned.

From the wild in freeswitch/default.nix in Nixpkgs:

stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
  pname = "freeswitch";
  version = "1.10.5";
  src = fetchFromGitHub {
    owner = "signalwire";
    repo = pname;
    rev = "v${version}";
    sha256 = "18dhyb19k28dcm1i8mhqvvgm2phsrmrwyjmfn79glk8pdlalvcha";
  };

  patches = [
    # https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/pull/812 fix mod_spandsp, mod_gsmopen build, drop when updating from 1.10.5
    (fetchpatch {
      url = "https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/51fba83ed3ed2d9753d8e6b13e13001aca50b493.patch";
      sha256 = "0h2bmifsyyasxjka3pczbmqym1chvz91fmb589njrdbwpkjyvqh3";
    })
  ];
  postPatch = ''
    patchShebangs     libs/libvpx/build/make/rtcd.pl
    substituteInPlace libs/libvpx/build/make/configure.sh \
      --replace AS=\''${AS} AS=yasm

    # Disable advertisement banners
    for f in src/include/cc.h libs/esl/src/include/cc.h; do
      {
        echo 'const char *cc = "";'
        echo 'const char *cc_s = "";'
      } > $f
    done
  '';

Not sure why this isn't called build phases... See also.

https://desinformemonos.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/el-traspatio-4.jpg

Entre 2008 y 2013, en el terreno llamado Arroyo El Navajo, ubicado a 94 kilómetros de la frontera con Estados Unidos, se encontraron los fragmentos de huesos de al menos 24 mujeres que fueron secuestradas en Ciudad Juárez durante el periodo en el que la zona estuvo militarizada por el despliegue de agentes federales y soldados, como parte del “Operativo Conjunto Chihuahua

Instead of #<output> it should have said channel-name instead at the top nix-channel example to keep it consistent.

TODO: Find other sources about this topic. I remember this mentioned already (and it makes) sense, but need to learn more.

TODO: What is a better alternative? An own repo? Flakes? Can cachix help?

It says right below that pinning can help but keep looking.

When package reproducibility become a major concern, as it is the case in this tutorial, it is preferable to refer to a pinned version of the nixpkgs repository instead — i.e, a specific commit of the repository or an immutable archived tarball. The ability to pin the version of nixpkgs is powerful, it will ensure that a package is always constructed from the same Nix source. As we go deeper in the tutorial we avoid using channels in favor of pinned environments.

And symlinks

nix-build <path> --run-env has been superseded by nix-shell. From Nix manual section C.12. Release 1.6 (2013-09-10):

The command nix-build --run-env has been renamed to nix-shell.

i should remember this to only get last commit, which basically means to only care about the data, and discard commit history.

How?

CURSO R

No obstante, aunque desconocemos qué partícula constituye la materia oscura, ésto no significa que no entendamos cómo se comporta.

El comprender el comportamiento de la materia oscura es un gran aporte a la ciencia

A finales de la década de los 70 y comienzos de la década de los 80 del siglo XX, la necesidad de materia oscura no bariónica para explicar la formación de estructuras cosmológicas, junto con una muestra cada vez mayor de curvas de rotación de galaxias que mostraban un comportamiento plano, consolidaban la hipótesis de la existencia de materia oscura en el Universo.

Casi 100 años después de que se empezara a hablar de materia oscura, la realidad es que no sabemos lo que es, pero afortunadamente sabemos qué no es.

A pesar de todas las investigaciones, nos falta mucho por aprender y descubrir.

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