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    1. document does not address data protection issues

      Apart from where otherwise noted, this document does not address data protection issues relating to the messaging and file data submitted by Users to the hosted homeserver instances, as this is the legal responsibility of the Customer.

    1. Participants called for training unemployed youth to support rural farmers with accessible AI tools, urged governments to invest in basic infrastructure alongside AI capacity, and warned against replicating inequalities through automation.

      Sounds like my prior proposal - Nurturing Learning Partnerships with Latin American Youth Coops"

    1. If you can specify which “society” you are referring to, you will not only clarify your analysis but also discover new insights concerning the significance of your perspective to a specific group.

      Using one specification for a word can help the reader to know the exacts of what you are talking about in your writing.

    2. Both Bill O'Reilly and Jon Stewart strive to be on the audience's good side by making jokes and eliciting laughs, thereby relating to their audience and persuading them to agree with their views on these issues. Both sides prove in their statements that they have done their research.

      Although Bill's opening statement focused more on government spending (money) and the lack of work among the American people, he explained the concepts in a way that is easy to understand.

      Jon's opening statement mainly consisted of not "problems that we have faced before, but we face a problem in our problem-solving mechanisms." and also yes, a lot of what he said with a certain mountain is, of course, mocking. But he does understand that there is a problem between freedom and socialism, a "societal cataclysm". I do believe Jon got his point across a lot more clearly

    3. Just as speakers transmit emotion through voice, writers can transmit a range of attitudes through writing, from excited and humorous to somber and critical. These emotions create connections among the audience, the author, and the subject, ultimately building a relationship between the audience and the text.

      The way you speak influences your writing style. Over time, the words and sentence structures you prefer become part of your writing style.

    4. A friend who tells you about her weekend may speak excitedly about a fun skiing trip. An instructor who means business may speak in a low, slow voice to emphasize her serious mood. Or, a coworker who needs to let off some steam after a long meeting may crack a sarcastic joke.

      The words you choose must match your audience. Academic essays usually require a more formal style, which means you must avoid slang and casual text-like writing.

    5. Saying each writer has a unique voice does not mean that each writer has a radically different style from anyone else. In academic writing, voice comes down to small habits and personal preferences. Think about it this way: if all the students in your class were told to explain a complex concept, none of them would do it in the same way.

      Through your tone, writers can share emotions like humor, excitement, or seriousness. This emotional layer builds a connection between you, your subject, and your readers.

    6. impersonal prose

      Impersonal prose is neutral writing that avoids personal opinions or feelings. It focuses on facts and keeps the tone formal and objective.

    7. Voice refers to elements of the author’s tone, phrasing, and style that are recognizably unique to her or him. Having a distinctive, persuasive voice is crucial to engaging your audience — without it, your paper risks falling flat, no matter how much research you’ve compiled or how well you’ve followed other directions.

      Your voice is what makes your writing unique. A clear, and persuasive voice keeps the readers interested, while a flat one weakens even strong ideas.

    8. As a writer, it is important to know your audience and to consider which content will be appropriate for that audience. Once you have determined these basic steps in your writing process, you can begin to consider how to shape and develop your voice to be academic and appropriate to the discipline in which you are writing.

      Your voice grows from understanding who you are writing to. Once you know who your audience is, you can adjust your voice to fit the purpose and style of your writing.

    9. Content is also shaped by tone. When the tone matches the content, the audience will be more engaged, and you will build a stronger relationship with your readers. Consider the third grade audience mentioned earlier; you would choose simple content that the audience will easily understand, and you would express that content using an enthusiastic tone.

      The tone you use affects how readers connect with your writing. Matching your tone to content builds stronger relationships and keeps the readers engaged.

    10. After selecting an audience and a purpose, you must choose what information will make it to the page. Content may consist of examples, statistics, facts, anecdotes, testimonies, and observations, but no matter the type, the information must be appropriate and interesting for the audience and purpose. An essay written for third graders that summarizes the legislative process, for example, would have to contain succinct and simple content.

      Once you know your audience and purpose, you can decide what to include. The content you post must always be appropriate, engaging, and easy for whoever sees it to follow and understand.

    11. For example, you update your status on a social networking site with the awareness of who will digitally follow the post. If you want to brag about a good grade, you may write the post to please family members. If you want to describe a funny moment, you may write with your friends’ senses of humor in mind. Even at work, you send e-mails with an awareness of an unintended receiver who could intercept the message.

      What you write changes depending on who will read it; family, friends and coworkers. Even casual posts show an awareness for the audience. You need to also think about the unintended readers too.

    12. the role the audience plays in your writing

      Your readers influence your choices, even if you don't see them. Always think about their interests and expectations before writing. Audience awareness guides your decisions.

    13. the role the audience plays in your writing

      Getting out of our own head and into the head, or psychology, of the target audience adds depth of writing and appeal.

    14. Although the audience for writing assignments—your readers—may not appear in person, they play a vital role in the development of your writing

      It's important to get constructive feedback from readers, that's the best way to properly learn and sharpen your skills

    15. Pay attention to how you speak

      It is best to relate your writing style to the way you already communicate, it will make for the easiest tones to tap into, as well as be more authentic and consistent across your writing.

    1. We should be telling a different story: that a good life is one built in connection with others. That dignity doesn’t come from going viral. And that the most meaningful kind of wealth is civic and relational, not just financial.

      In my opinion, this is not true. Money would entirely solve all of my problems. In a world where everything is already astronomically more expensive than ever, money is in an even higher demand.

    1. The purpose of an academic synthesis is to blend individual documents into a new document. An academic synthesis paragraph considers the main points from one or more pieces of writing and links the main points together to create a new point, one not replicated in either document.

      This isn't copying what the texts say, it's taking bits of information learned and connecting ideas into one message that is personal to you.

    2. Set due dates for the stage of your writing process, for example when you would like to pick a topic and complete your rough draft.

      Writing everything all at once with no planning time will lead to typos, missed requirements and possible lost points.

    3. asks a friend or colleague to read what she has written

      I always ask for a proof-read before I submit my writing assignments. It helps get another POV on the prompt to make sure every question was answered to the fullest extent.

    4. We are all different. Our brains respond differently to the task of writing. Some people like to outline, some people like to create idea maps, and some people like to write all their ideas down and organize later.

      For me rough drafts are super important. I like to get all my thoughts on the page and then organize it to sound cohesive.

    5. In the worst case scenario, when you have completed all of these steps and a professor still fails to provide you with the clarity you are looking for, discuss your questions with fellow classmates.

      Also creates a familiarity and flow for future tasks.

    6. This diagram illustrates the relationship between Audience, Tone, and Purpose in writing, highlighting how each element influences the content and interacts with the others to create effective communication. Purpose. The reason the writer composes the paragraph. Tone. The attitude the writer conveys about the paragraph’s subject. Audience. The individual or group whom the writer intends to address

      these are good points to look at to be a successful writer.

    7. After thoroughly reading the assignment sheet, you might not have questions right away.

      Sometimes I can read the assignment over and over and still not know what to do on a paper. this is when i ask for help.

    8. why you need to write and what you need to write

      Understanding the purpose behind your writing should be one of the first steps when delving into a new writing activity or assignment.

    1. 2.eusdoes notJustice does notwhat they call lawdid not begin today or yesterdaywhen they say lawthey do not mean a statute of today or yesterdaythey mean the unwritten unfaltering unshakable ordinances of the godsthat no human being can ever outrunthese laws live foreverno one knows how they were bornyou thought I would transgress themfor fear of some mere mortal man's decree?noof course I willdieKreon or no Kreonand death is finedeath has no painto leave my mother's son lying out there unburied that would be painyou say this is follyI say who knows folly better than a foo

      Q; Here Antigone is questioning the law; whether what Kreon is saying is the true law or is it just a fake power play, nad undermining the true law of the gods. In a earlier class, we discussed how Greek theater was a way of almost educating the people on how they should act as noble (and god-abiding) citezens - is this a veiled message that the people shouldnt trust their leaders blindly or a statement seeing how Antigone's boldness got her killed a threat to follow?

    2. the man who honours the laws of the landthe man who keeps the justice of godswalkshigh in his high citycityless

      O: The chorus seems to suggest that the ideal person obeys both human law and divine justice. But in the play, Antigone and Kreon stand for opposite extremes one follows divine law, the other human law. This contrast shows the central conflict—no one can fully satisfy both sets of rules.

    3. :don't say another worddon't be that stupidgodsmixedupin thisyou demented old menyou think thegodsburied him for his good intentionsyou think thegodsgave him a prize for citizenshipdespite the fact he came to bum their temples downto desecrate their lawsyou think the gods find gangsters like that hrmoura

      Q:Kreon refuses to believe that the gods had any part in burying Polyneices. But the chorus suggests it might be divine action. My question is that why is Kreon so quick to dismiss the gods’ involvement? In Greek tragedy, isn’t denying the gods often seen as hubris that leads to downfall?

    4. money's a nastyinvention isn't itit ruins cities and men

      E:Kreon claims that money is the root of corruption. In ancient Greek thought, money was often connected to bribery and moral decay. I found an example on website, Plato in The Republic also describes how wealth can corrupt justice. This helps explain why Creon immediately assumes the guards were bribed.

    1. Knowing that my family has provided food for the community for so long and people depend on it and love it, it is so special to me,”

      His family has been major contributor to the community and he is so proud of the work that his family has done for the community by brining a sense of family when going to eat.

    2. That physical space now includes portraits of his late grandfather, which rest on the mantle above the restaurant’s stone fireplace.

      This shows that his grandfather meant a lot of to him and he was important to him.

    3. But for these young people, the restaurant has a deeper, less public meaning that goes beyond the promise of good food.

      The restaurant has an important meaning to the community and brings unity to it.

    1. Olympic Peninsula cougars having the highest level of inbreeding

      This can be a HUGE issue for this locality of cougar population. This can also mean many other things as far as an unhealthy ecosystem is not able to support genetic flow, causing them to be forced to inbreed with each other.

    2. but sample sizes may have been too small to be definitive

      Can a larger sample size help show the low levels of genetic diversity? Can we get more reliable information through of types or sample sizes?

    3. Genetic data can contribute critical knowledge on how carnivores respond to environmental changes and anthropogenic impacts, as we have demonstrated, but it can also help inform harvest guidelines, identify appropriately-sized and objective management units, and identify areas that may be acting as sources or sinks.

      Its important for us to understand this because if we can figure out what is causing restricted gene flow it can help the survival of this species to continue.

    4. This is most likely the case in this study system since we found evidence for male philopatry, which has been also observed in cougar populations in Florida and California where habitat fragmentation led to constrained or unsuccessful dispersal attempts

      This isn't surprising considering how developed Florida and California are.

    5. The BayesAss analysis revealed that most cougars remained within their putative natal population or were killed before they reached another area

      This could be a good thing as far as showing signs that the area they are in have a stable population of food for cougars so there is no need to migrate, this could relate to the marginal value theorem like we went over in chapter 5. This could also mean they are restricted to one area because of development which is why they were killed before they could reach another area.

    6. Our aims were to characterize large-scale population structure and assess if cougars could be at risk of genetic isolation and/or inbreeding depression.

      I wonder if this is something other large predator populations face in the wild.

    7. Given the impacts that habitat loss, fragmentation, and urbanization have on genetic diversity and connectivity of wildlife populations

      This is something that is seen too often unfortunately.

    8. The benefits of conservation and management of large carnivores such as cougars are far-reaching in that their presence contributes to keeping prey populations physically healthy by removing older and weakened animals and keeping prey densities commensurate with habitat quality (Terborgh and Estes 2013).

      Very interesting. Its important we have not only a sufficient population of prey but we also have stable populations of predators to keep healthy genetics in prey populations.

    9. rising levels of urbanization

      I like how this snippet gives us a short preview. If there was any part of this for someone to take a quick glance at and know what it was about this is the perfect part. Of course they would have to add the part of the cougars but I think this gives great representation.

    10. genetic source-sink dynamics

      I wasn't sure what genetic source-sink dynamics had meant but from my search I found that its where when we have areas that have more birth rates than death rates immigrate to areas that have low birth rates to high death rates. Basically these areas rely on the animals immagrating for the others in this area to keep afloat.

    1. * 💡 Regla práctica: Cuando el sujeto incluye una cláusula relativa, el verbo principal se coloca después de toda la cláusula relativa. Si lo traduciera al español se mueve el verbo copulativo junto con el principal despues de la oración subordinada. * How is the squad of dogs we gave you developing? = Como el escuadrón de perros que nosotros te dimos esta desarrollándose.

      • that kidnaped Nyako
      • Defining Relative Clauses

      👉 Identifican exactamente de qué persona o cosa hablamos. 👉 Son necesarias para entender la oración. 👉 No llevan comas.

      Ejemplos:

      • The man who lives next door is very friendly. → El hombre que vive al lado es muy amable.

      • This is the book that I bought yesterday. → Este es el libro que compré ayer.

      • Students who study hard usually get good grades. → Los estudiantes que estudian mucho suelen sacar buenas notas.

    1. You have control over this,” he explains in his professor voice. “You can decidehow long she suffers

      Dog represents the marriage perhaps, but also maybe her own suffering

    2. . “I have to talk to youright now,” he says grimly. “Where are you? I can never nd you.”“Try calling your own house,” I say to the machine. In his second message he hascomposed himself.“I’m ne now,” he says rmly. “Disregard previous message and don’t call me back,please; I have meetings.” Click, dial tone, rewind

      The fuck is his problem

    3. This is an affront to the two younger dogs, who knowthe couch belongs to them; as soon as I settle in they creep up and nd theirplaces between my knees and elbows

      Solitary

    4. Or that the dog at the bottom of the stairs keeps having mild strokes, which causeher to tilt her head inquisitively and also to fall over. She drinks prodigiousamounts of water and pees great volumes onto the folded blankets where shesleeps

      Analogy?

    5. ake up. She’s staring at me with her head slightly tippedto the side, long nose, gazing eyes, toenails clenched to get a purchase on thewood oor. We used to call her the face of love.

      Poetic way to describe owning a dog

    Annotators

    1. Safe spaces for queer Nigerians were almost non-existent 10 years ago, and even now there are only a few.”

      Shows how advancements in society has improved over the years

    2. “They have their own eyes for what they want to wear, because everybody thrifts in this market, but they still find ways to make it cool,”

      At markets that they have over here you can tell the different styles that people have while thrifting so I can relate to this.

    1. It’s not yourfault, but you may choose to take this misfortune as a sign of God’s displeasureand torture yourself with guilt and self-loathing for many years to come.

      Really apparent tone shift bc of the format

    2. We understand why you took refuge in themusic of the Grateful Dead, dancing until you felt yourself leave your body,caught up in their brand of enlightenment.

      Nice line

    3. After all, who knew that the semester you decidedto come to uc Berkeley would be so tumultuous. That unsavory business withJim Jones and his Bay Area followers left us all reeling.

      ?

    Annotators

    1. Regardless of what type of expository text , any non-fiction text that aims to educate the reader, you are assigned to read, your primary comprehension goal is to identify the main point: the most important idea that the writer wants to communicate and often states early on. Finding the main point gives you a framework to organize the details presented in the reading and relate the reading to concepts you learned in class or through other reading assignments.

      You need good comprehension to identify the main point it gives framework.

    2. You should go through what you read and try to answer the questions you noted before during the pre-reading stage. Check in after every section, chapter or topic to make sure you understand the material and can explain it, in your own words. Pretend you are responsible for teaching this section to someone else. Can you do it?   It’s at this stage that you consolidate knowledge, so refrain from moving on until you can recall the core information.

      Go through what you read try and answer questions make sure you understand.

    3. to reflect and to encode the information. Using these strategies is brain-friendly, and they will help you remember what you’ve read so that you can retrieve the information when you need it again for a class discussion, a test, or an application in your daily life.

      Use strategies to help you remember what you read.

    4. When reading to learn, also called study reading, it is never enough to sit back with your reading material, move your eyes across page after page until you’ve reached the end of your assignment, and expect to remember what you just read, let alone actually learn what you needed to or were expected to from the reading. Therefore, you need to be an active reader.

      Before you read you need to be awake so u can remember what u read

    5. Now that you have planned your approach to accomplishing the reading assignment and invested 5-10 minutes in pre-reading, how will you make sure you actually understand (comprehend) all the information? Some of your reading assignments will be fairly straightforward. Others, however, will be longer or more complex, so you will need a plan for how to handle them.

      Do you actually understand the text ? You need to learn to understand the passages.

    6. The third planning strategy is setting a purpose for your reading. Knowing what you want to achieve from a reading assignment not only helps you determine how to approach that task, but it also helps you stay focused during those moments when you are up late, already tired, or unmotivated because relaxing in front of the television sounds far more appealing than curling up with a stack of journal articles. Sometimes your purpose is simple. You might just need to understand the reading material well enough to discuss it intelligently in class the next day. However, your purpose will often go beyond that. For instance, you might also need to read in order to compare two texts, to formulate a personal response to a text, or to gather ideas for future research.

      You need to set purpose for reading even though it can be boring and you can feel unmotived

    7. The third planning strategy is setting a purpose for your reading. Knowing what you want to achieve from a reading assignment not only helps you determine how to approach that task, but it also helps you stay focused during those moments when you are up late, already tired, or unmotivated because relaxing in front of the television sounds far more appealing than curling up with a stack of journal articles. Sometimes your purpose is simple. You might just need to understand the reading material well enough to discuss it intelligently in class the next day. However, your purpose will often go beyond that. For instance, you might also need to read in order to compare two texts, to formulate a personal response to a text, or to gather ideas for future research.

      You need to set purpose for reading even though it can be boring and you can feel unmotived

    8. Managing your time – Now that you know how many sections make up the entire reading assignment, focus on setting aside enough time for reading and breaking the assignment into manageable chunks. For example, if you are assigned a seventy-page chapter to read for next week’s class, it is best not to wait until the night before to get started. How you choose to break up the reading assignment will depend on the type of reading it is. If the text is dense and packed with unfamiliar terms and concepts, you may need to read no more than five or ten pages in one sitting so that you can truly understand and process the information. With more user-friendly texts, you will be able to handle more pages in one sitting. And if you have a highly engaging reading assignment, such as a novel you cannot put down, you may be able to read lengthy passages in one sitting.

      Learn how to manage your time dont wait until the night to read a 70 page chapter.

    9. Most of your writing assignments—from brief response papers to in-depth research projects—will depend on your understanding of course reading assignments or related readings you do on your own. And it is difficult, if not impossible, to write effectively about a text that you do not understand. Even when you do understand the reading, it can be hard to write about it if you do not feel personally engaged with the ideas discussed.

      Its okay to not understand even when u read it can be hard to write what u read Abt.

    1. hallucinated

      When not given information, AI models tend to fill in the gaps with previous knowledge. Because the previous traning data is from humans and therefore biased the outcomes are biased. If not corrected, AI will reflect human biases blatantly.

    1. The European philosophers and scientists who led the Enlightenment were dominated by Isaac Newton (1643-1727), who co-invented calculus and produced the first unified theory of nature.

      This is interesting because I have heard about Isaac Newton but I actually didn't know he was that important and made that big of an impact on society and philosophers and scientists.

    2. The development of science in Europe during the Renaissance would not have been possible without the contributions made by Muslim scholars.

      This is interesting because in my opinion I would have never thought that Muslim people lived in Europe and they were very important to them back then.

    3. Many members of the nobility, particularly in northern Germany and Scandinavia, embraced Luther’s ideas not only for theological reasons but also for political reasons: they would no longer need to pay tribute and pledge to submit their authority to the Pope in Rome.

      This is interesting because it reveals that the reformation was more than just religion.

    4. Feudal lords squeezed their peasants for crops and labor, and states raised taxes. Several million died during the famine, and then two thirds of Europe’s population disappeared between the plague’s arrival in 1347 and 1353

      This is interesting because it highlights how ordinary people suffered. This also explained major changes and this represents the present for example COVID-19.

    1. Between 1870 and 1920, over twenty-five million immigrants arrived in the United States.

      This really shows the scale of immigration and its impact on American society.

    2. The word empire typically conjures images of ancient Rome, Genghis Khan, or the British Empire: powers that depended on military conquest, colonization, occupation, or direct resource exploitation. But empires can take many forms and imperial processes occur in many contexts. One hundred years after the United States won its independence from the British Empire, some began to believe America was becoming (and perhaps should become) an empire of its own.

      An empire usually means a powerful nation that controls others. This kind of suggests that people started to see America as an empire.

    3. By the winter of 1898, the Spanish had begun forcing Cubans living in certain cities to relocate to concentration camps.

      This had me wondering why of certain areas? Was it because they were easier to control and take over? It is interesting to know they held concentration camps instead of jails or prisons.

    1. If logistic regression were given an MRI scan of the patient, rather thanthe doctor’s formalized report, it would not be able to make useful predictions.Individual pixels in an MRI scan have negligible correlation with any complicationsthat might occur during delivery

      Logistic regression does not work for MRI images. This is where deep learning comes into play. As I am working in the field of medical imaging, the most common solution to use is convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

    2. The true challenge to artificial intelligence proved to be solvingthe tasks that are easy for people to perform but hard for people to describeformally—problems that we solve intuitively, that feel automatic, like recognizingspoken words or faces in images

      This shows that the tasks that are simple for us humans (like recognizing faces or understanding speech) are extremely difficult for machines to replicate, and the tasks that seem intellectually hard (like playing chess) are much easier for computers to handle. It's interesting because it suggests that what feels simple in our daily lives actually involves a lot of complex steps that come together.

    1. (c) Social workers should protect the confidentiality of all information obtained in the course of professional service, except for compelling professional reasons. The general expectation that social workers will keep information confidential does not apply when disclosure is necessary to prevent serious, foreseeable, and imminent harm to a client or others. In all instances, social workers should disclose the least amount of confidential information necessary to achieve the desired purpose; only information that is directly relevant to the purpose for which the disclosure is made should be revealed.

      This section stood out to me after listening to the podcast because it reminded me that intake forms and client information are often stored and shared digitally. When at my field placement reviewing a client case and evaluating assessment forms, I realized how important it is to protect sensitive data on paper and in electronic systems. They discuss reinforcement of this, as they explained the need to adopt practice standards, such as using secure platforms. As I move into professional care, I will apply this ethical standard to my social media presence by keeping personal and professional accounts separate. Awareness of how I use social media, especially for good, such as advocacy and education, is essential. This approach will allow me to balance the benefits of technology while upholding my responsibility as a social worker.

    2. Social workers respect and promote the right of clients to self-determination and assist clients in their efforts to identify and clarify their goals. Social workers may limit clients’ right to self-determination when, in the social workers’ professional judgment, clients’ actions or potential actions pose a serious, foreseeable, and imminent risk to themselves or others.

      This principle emphasizes that clients should have the right to choose their own lives. Reviewing the intake form raised a question about how a client's voice is represented in documentation. For example, if a client has memory loss or struggles with psychiatric symptoms, how do we balance self-determination with safety and a treatment plan? I am curious about how to navigate situations ethically where what a client feels may conflict with professional judgment. This section raises essential questions about how to honor the client while ensuring their safety and well-being.

    3. ) Social workers should demonstrate knowledge that guides practice with clients of various cultures and be able to demonstrate skills in the provision of culturally informed services that empower marginalized individuals and groups. Social workers must take action against oppression, racism, discrimination, and inequities, and acknowledge personal privilege.

      This section emphasizes the importance of social workers understanding that their services are sensitive to their clients' cultural backgrounds. My intake form experience connected to this because I noticed the intern intake form for patient information did not fully capture cultural identity, communication needs, or religious supports. Identifying those gaps reflected the ethical principle that social workers must practice cultural competence and advocate for more inclusive tools. This showed me that ethical practice is more than just a one-on-one interaction, and by recommending adjustments to the intake form, I supported the moral responsibility of fully respecting clients.

    4. (c) Social workers should protect the confidentiality of all information obtained in the course of professional service, except for compelling professional reasons.

      When I listened to Barsky’s podcast on technology I now understand that confidentiality is a lot more complicated now than ever before. We aren't just protected paper, we now have to be extremely careful on our computers. With all of the data breaches many people face their information to be shared with who ever. I am now diligent on trying to be sure my clients privacy is protected when using technology. . I also want to keep my work life and personal life separate online. For me, social media could be useful to share resources or bring attention to bigger issues but not to talk about my daily work with clients.

    1. ublic opinion polls reveal the Russian citizenry's profound alienation from the political process. 4 By last fall the "negatives" of both the Supreme Soviet and President Yeltsin were enormous: 59 percent and 44 percent, respectively. Almost 31 percent thought that Yeltsin should resign and 37 percent that Congress should be dissolved. The legitimacy of the local "organs of power" was just as low: only 11 percent of the population viewed them "positively," while 53 percent were "against."

      This caught my attention as I feel this statistic helps reinforce the author's perspective. At the beginning of the paper, Aron claims that Russian society is in disarray and is facing crisis after crisis. This public opinion data proves how divided Russia was, and how Russians felt about the government. Local Governments began to ignore federal laws and refuse to hand over taxes. This is a major takeaway as it helps explain what happens when a country is faced with crisis after crisis, while the government doesn't pay attention to its people and continues to remain unstable.

    2. Conversely, a democratic Russia can survive only as a truly federal state with a much weakened center and strong localities

      It seems that for Russia to survive, it must become a federal state. Power must be shifted away from the center, and power should be given to people outside of Moscow. The passage above explains that every time the center was to collapse, it was during times of chaos. I wonder if there could be a middle ground that Russia could meet. Russia would need to do a complete overhaul of its system and society.

    1. a) Social workers should engage in social and political action that seeks to ensure that all people have equal access to the resources, employment, services, and opportunities they require to meet their basic human needs and to develop fully. Social workers should be aware of the impact of the political arena on practice and should advocate for changes in policy and legislation to improve social conditions to meet basic human needs and promote social justice.

      This section states that social workers should engage in action to address social injustice and advocate for policies that improve access to resources. My experience showed me how structural inequality plays out when clients face homelessness or systemic barriers to care. Intake forms that overlook these factors risk reinforcing inequality by failing to capture the full scope of the need. It highlighted the power imbalance between clients, who may feel unseen, and institutions determining their service eligibility. This section reminded me that part of my role as a social worker is to challenge the structural barriers, not just take them on as they come to me.

    2. (b) Social workers should act to expand choice and opportunity for all people, with special regard for vulnerable, disadvantaged, oppressed, and exploited people and groups

      This reminds us that not everyone starts at the same place. Some people have to face inequalities that limit access and choices. Not everyone has the same options, and many face barriers built into healthcare, housing, or benefits programs. The code of ethics states we should work to expand choice. A question to ask would be how do we confront these institutions that create these inequalities. Another question is, as someone working for a Agency run by the government how do you push for better equality but also not over step?

    1. Sometimes, multiple news sources will post or broadcast the same story word-for-word. Just because a story is shared widely doesn’t mean that it is accurate, and it doesn’t tell you where the data came from. Keep searching to find a better source.

      The specific line reminds me of the concept of Journalism. When I was doing previous research for this class, I looked into sources like ScienceDaily, which was referred to as a site for journalism. Journalism is a low-quality form of Journalism in which information is repackaged to create articles to meet the increasing pressure of time and cost without further research or fact-checking. It plays a huge game of telephone between news and research articles that offers, most of the time, nothing new for consumers, which lengthens the time in research. There are many arguments on whether or not certain things are churnalism or articles that are catered to putting information in plain terms or simpler terms for audiences like children and the general public is up to wider debate and Case by case.

    1. The article titled “No, Koalas are Not Functionally Extinct – Yet” cites scholars in wildlife conservation and environmental change biology at the University of Queensland Australia (Christine Adams-Hosking) and the University of Tasmania (Chris Johnson), experts who are likely closely examining this issue as it evolves. It also cites studies about the koala population from 2012 and 2016.[1]

      There's also a very common issue in conversations that are happening within the online social media space. Due to the general Public's understanding of the validity of the journals, articles, organizations, and their academic rigor, using their sources in your claims puts credibility behind your claims online. They'll often do so because, due to the nature of social media, people are not as investigative of the original sources themselves. Many people think a claim in the Tweet is valid because the source is valid, without necessarily the claim matching the citation.

    1. For example, a journalist may write a story about the positive environmental impact of using native plants in home landscaping projects, and cite various studies to back up that claim. However, if the author dedicates equal space in the article to commentary from people who prefer the appearance of grass lawns, this could give the impression that both views hold equal weight, despite one of the views not being supported by research.

      I think this is especially true in the current landscape of journalism, where there is more value put into portraying all sides as equal than seeking out the truth and reality of a situation. Often, these are decisions weighed on by financial incentives; owners of companies do not want certain information to be seen in a negative light, or they prefer other things to be seen in a negative light or devalued. Not all ideas within the marketplace of ideas are created equal, nor logically sound. Nor should everything in the idea of the marketplace be given too much weight, especially in the context of certain stories and certain ideas. This makes having information literacy, especially in the aspect of researching who funds and the incentives of the authors and their publishing companies, especially important.

    2. This is not always malicious or deliberate. It could be an attempt to draw more clicks with an exciting or dramatic headline, or it could just be a reporter who is not an expert on that topic misunderstanding the research. Because news articles tend to be shorter and written for a general audience, their summaries of research studies will always be simplified.

      I notice this very often when reading articles authors often exaggerate the information they write about. Though it is not always misinformation sometimes it’s just clickbait meant to attract readers, as the text states. I also like that the passage points out that news articles are short and written for a general audience, because this is very true and gets many readers, including me. As in my high school cerea I would always use articles that were very short and articles that had very out there headliners for my sources.

    1. From looking at this plain old woman, you would never guess all that her family has been through

      I noticed that this is not the first time the author refers to Tatiana as more than meets the eye (her clothes, her background with the Soviet Union)

    1. To record their cats, ownersneeded a camera or smartphone, and to avoid possible visual attentioncueing, dark sunglasses were to be worn.

      How would visual cues disrupt the findings? Would sunglasses cause the cats to react differently?

    2. able 2Demographics of Participant Subjects and Chosen Stimuli.Name Sex Age Breed BookletCounts of stimuli selectedAsh Male Between 5 and 10 years old Russian Blue B 2 0 2Bloshka Female Between 1 and 5 years old unknown B 0 0 1Danae Female More than 10 years old American shorthair A 1 0 1Eleanor Female Between 1 and 5 years old Siberian A 3 0 0Fuleco Male Between 5 and 10 years old unknown C 1 0 0Misha Male More than 10 years old Ragdoll C 0 0 1Olly Male Between 1 and 5 years old Domestic shorthair B 0 0 2Stinky Valium Male Between 1 and 5 years old unknown C 0 0 1Totoro Female Less than 1 year old unknown A 0 1 0G.E. Smith et al.

      Would the weigh of the cats effect the study, and were they recorded?

    3. citizen scientists

      This keyword is important to keep in mind for the reader. The results of the study was not done by trained researchers, which may impact the perceived validity of the study.

    4. The cats in this study stood or sat in the Kanizsa and square stimulimore often than the Kanizsa control, revealing susceptibility to illusorycontours and supporting our hypothesis that cats treat an illusory squareas they do a real square

      When previewing, knowing the findings is important to see if the article is useful for your research, and can influence what parts of the article are most relevant for your needs.

    5. Given the drawbacks of citizen science projects such as participantattrition, future research would benefit from replicating this study in controlled settings

      I don’t really understand how people dropping out of the study changes the results. Since only 30 people finished all the trials, I’m not sure if that’s enough to make the results trustworthy.

    6. Carried out duringthe COVID-19 pandemic, this study randomly assigned citizen science participants Booklets of six randomized,counterbalanced daily stimuli to print out, prepare, and place on the floor in pairs. Owners observed and vid-eorecorded their cats’ behavior with the stimuli and reported findings from home over the course of the six dailytrials

      This section shows how the authors conducted the study. They used a citizen science method in which cat owners printed and set up visual stimuli at home, then observed and recorded the behavior of their cats. This shows how the researchers collected data in a practical way during the pandemic while also answering their main question about cats’ perception of illusory shapes.

    7. A B S T R A C T

      This is one of the most important sections in the article because it gives a summary of what the article is about. This is really useful since it saves researchers time when deciding whether they want to use an article or not for their own paper. The abstract gives a briefly overview on how the authors tested cats’ responses to illusory shapes using a citizen science approach, which gives us an insight on what the research question is and what are the methods in just a few sentences.

    Annotators

    1. acknowledged that the understanding of public health and welfare in the Endangerment Finding was atypical, particularly with respect to considering indirect effects, but asserted the approach was necessary given the “unique” challenge presented by global climate change.

      they act like this argument is faulty, but it's not atypical so much as looking at the long term- right?

    2. light- and medium-duty vehicles because reducing GHG emissions from such vehicles to zero would not measurably impact GHG concentrations in the atmosphere or the rate of global climate change.
      • Ignores cumulative reductions
      • Dismissing reductions because they aren’t individually decisive undermines all pollution regulation (same argument could undo smog, lead, or mercury rules)
    1. (Notwithstanding accusations of stoking violence, prominent Democrats have consistently condemned Kirk’s assassination. That’s a vivid contrast to the mockery from many on the right—including Donald Trump Jr.—after a man attacked the husband of former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, and the muted reactions, disinformation, and silence that followed the assassination of the Democratic Minnesota legislator Melissa Hortman and her husband, this summer.)

      Hypocrisy of the American radical right with respect to violence.

      Compare with prior paragraphs at https://hypothes.is/a/ScM0RJDjEfC_cd_LJT1nRw

    2. But if Cox and Trump represent two rival impulses within the Republican coalition, Trump is undoubtedly winning. “Democrats own what happened today,” Representative Nancy Mace of South Carolina said on Wednesday. “Y’all caused this,” Representative Anna Paulina Luna of Florida told Democrats on the House floor. “It’s time for the Trump administration to shut down, defund, & prosecute every single Leftist organization,” the influential Trump adviser Laura Loomer posted on X. “We must shut these lunatic leftists down. Once and for all. The Left is a national security threat.”Other influential figures on the right have been equally or more strident. “The Left is the party of murder,” Elon Musk declared on X before a suspect had even been identified. Andrew Tate, the misogynist who has been charged with sex trafficking in two countries (which he denies); Alex Jones, the conspiracy-theorist broadcaster; and Libs of TikTok influencer Chaya Raichik all invoked “civil war.”

      people calling for retribution without any facts

    1. The state of captivity offers a thematic platform which feeds into these conceptualizations, but this has so far been done primarily from a metropolitan and military point of view. What about those diasporic civilians who found themselves interned

      From the view of diaspora, rather than metropole

      Because of the propaganda biases and idea of "honor, shape, sacrifice

    2. societal changes from the nineteenth to the twentieth century

      connected with German and Russian Revolution: Class speaking ** Part of the author saying that WWI shaped society that mixed classes (both Soldier-civilian and other class dynamics) and went beyond nationality (in the midst of nationalist movement)**

    3. e question of totalization is inextricably linked to the contested differentiation between civilians and soldiers. In the pre-war years the two spheres became increasingly blurred

      Similar to my DIS

    4. The authors show that these multi-ethnic and polymorphous empires mobilized millions of imperial subjects, mainly combatants but also non-combatant labourers, turning the conflict into a truly global war in multiple locations

      This is an influential work to the authror

    5. tor Georg Wagener was a proponent of nationalist sentiment, organizing the Kaiser’s birthday celebrations and similar festivities in Fort Napier Camp, South Africa.

      I read this in chapter 4

    1. An Underdeveloped Party System. Russia's poorly developed party system can also be attributedin part to the country's difficult transition. Parties often assume center stage in transitions at the pointof first or founding elections.8 Had Yeltsin held elections soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union,Russia's nascent political parties might have been able to step in to provide voters withprogrammatic choices. Yeltsin, however, decided not to do so, leaving the new political parties towallow aimlessly for the next two years with no clear political role. By the time of the next election in1993, most of the parties created during the heyday of democratic mobilization in 1990-91 haddisappeared.

      Without stable political parties, Russia lacked organized representation and accountability. This institutional weakness left politics centered around personalities (like Yeltsin) instead of enduring democratic structures.

    2. The failed August 1991 coup created propitious conditions for another attempt at democratictransition. Led by Boris Yeltsin, Russia's democratic forces had a unique window of opportunity toerect new democratic institutions by negotiating a new set of political rules with their communistopponents. The holding of new elections and the adoption of a new constitution might have helpedto legitimate a new democratic order.4 Yeltsin, however, decided not to take this course. In fact,Yeltsin devoted very little time at all to designing new political institutions within Russia,

      This shows how leadership choices shaped Russia’s fragile democracy. Yeltsin prioritized economic reform over building stable institutions, leaving Russia vulnerable to later crises. It’s a key turning point.

    3. Superpresidentialism. Concentrated power in the hands of the president is not primarily the resultof some sort of Russian cultural or historical proclivity for authoritarianism or strong individualleaders. The office of the presidency and its "super powers" emerged directly from the transitionprocess. After defeating his enemies by force in October 1993, Yeltsin did not need to negotiate orcompromise over the new constitutional draft creating a superpresidential system.

      This explains a structural flaw in Russia’s democratic executive dominance. Instead of checks and balances, the transition cemented authoritarian tendencies, undermining long-term democratic consolidation.

    1. hus, people can literally eat “on the run.” Indeed, freezer, stovetop, and microwave technology have revolutionized the way people can cook, eat, and live.

      Transition

    1. It took years to acquire a Model O at a price I could afford. It's my dream machine. The other 8 or 9 machines are now being donated to Goodwill, where most came from. I only need one machine and this is it.

      quote of u/RickBuxton at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1nfg9tt/im_new_but_obssessed/

      Example of someone who likely should have gone to a typewriter shop and bought a well-adjusted and clean typewriter from the start and it would have saved them time, effort, and money.

      8 machines * $30 per machine = $240 plus time, energy, travel, shipping, etc.

    1. or prices fall

      this is a terrible way of thinking if prices fall do you really think everyone will be making the same amount of money? also when has this ever happend on large?

    2. This revolution will create phenomenal wealth

      Where is this wealth coming from? it may take these lower labor jobs but if they fall to zero who is making that money becuse It will not be the poor person working htat job beforehand so they intern will not be spending the money as he himself said its a "recursive loop"

    3. n the next ve years, computer programs that can think will readlegal documents and give medical advice. In the next decade, theywill do assembly-line work and maybe even become companions.And in the decades after that, they will do almost everything

      is this a false promis just like flying cars how has the fure actualy compare to this statment made 3 years ago?

    4. more and more ofthe work that people now do

      This is a true statment "this is as bad as AI will ever be which is a real concern and could be a talking point however there is another argument that we can actualy go back in progress due ot the sheer amound of money it takes to run will cheaper more affordable ones be more viable in the future will they just get cheaper to run and not come with any real benifit

    1. story, the over three hundred-page Sorcerer’s Stonewas teased and spoon-fed to me in bite-sized pieces. Poor Amanda. It wasn't until much later that Idiscovered she was just trying to get me to fall asleep.

      his sister and the Harry Potter Arther jk rolling helped him to love to read and understand literacy

    2. Don't Panic.” Ithought—quite dramatically, if I might add—that a more fitting sign would probably have been,“Abandon all hope ye who enter here.” My door swung open and the smile quickly dropped frommy lips as my mom entered the room in a hurry. “There is no way you are keeping another box ofbooks,” she said. The words escaped from her lips with her breath as she dropped a box on thefloor: “We do not have room for any more of your junk.” I had a decision to make. I could sit hereand argue that my stuff was not junk, or I could stay quiet and live to fight another day. Silenceprevailing, my mom arched her eyebrows in a way that said, “Get rid of it,” before she hurried backout.I went over to the opened box she’d dropped off and took a look inside. She must have

      how sad moment in his life this moment he remembers and how she viewed his stuff to be junk but he saw it as his whole life she had to criticize him about it

    3. White bleached walls—that was the first thing I saw as I stepped into my room. Wallsscrubbed clean of Sharpied poems, lyrics, and quotes; walls which were completely void of myCrayola stick figures, Woodstock posters, maps, and pictures of completely everything andabsolutely nothing. There were no more clothes on the floor, old locks hanging from my curtains, ormessages scribbled here and there from all of the people who had passed through my room and mylife.

      I really like how he described the surroundings of his room taking us into where he was and how it made him feel

    1. In a strategic reserve, a select few resources – usually fossil fuel plants close to retirement – are kept open in case their capacity is needed to fill gaps. These plants are put in a stand-by reserve and are not allowed to participate in electricity markets, instead getting paid by a central authority to simply be available and ensure they can be activated quickly during critical periods. Germany, for example, currently has a strategic reserves mechanism

      This mechanism seems quite similar to the one that was proposed by Stonehaven for taking gas out of the market so it no longer sets the price.

    1. The opposition between fixed, reliable printed texts on the one hand, and fluid and dynamic electronic texts on the other - an opposition encouraged by the putative immateriality of digital data storage - is patently false, yet it has become a truism in the nascent field of electronic textual theory.
    1. The grade for the assignment may include some combination of the score for the drafts, the final version, and the amount of improvement the students made based on the feedback provided.

      See I like this. This is something I could utilize!

    2. standards-based approach

      I liked what we read about and saw regarding the standards-based approach in class but realistically I'm just now sure how it could be used and accurate. This is a lot harder than I originally deemed it would be and it's kind of breaking my brain a little bit.

    3. once you agree on the main purpose of grades

      This is something that I truthfully did not think so hard about until our class session and I still am a bit perplexed as to where I stand on it. I do think that grades should reflect a little bit of everything but it doesn't seem like there's a good way to weight that. I want grades to represent their learning, I want it to reflect effort, but how does one really achieve that?

    4. school districts are using web-based grade management systems that allow parents to access their child’s grades on each assessment and the progress reports and final grades.

      I have mixed feelings about parents now having 24/7 access to their students grades. I think it stems from my own upbringing because my dad was very strict on grades and if I fell below what he deemed worthy I would be punished immediately and not be ungrounded until progress reports or final reports came out. This caused a lot of tension and a lot of depression growing up, but I know that not every student will have a parent like mine. On the flip side it can be good for parents to have access because they can see specific assignments and can follow up with their child or the teacher. I think that its great that grades are accessible for parents at home and that as a society we are not using so much paper and so much resources sending these reports out on paper but I guess as with everything there are pros and cons.

    1. Threads & Concurrency

      Threads are independent paths of execution within a program that allow multiple tasks to run concurrently. Concurrency refers to the ability of a system to make progress on multiple tasks during the same period, often by interleaving execution or using multiple cores. This improves performance, especially in I/O-bound or parallelizable tasks. However, when threads share resources, issues like race conditions can occur, requiring synchronization mechanisms such as locks or semaphores.

    1. Transformers are great at processing long sequences of data, like words. That has made them the special sauce inside large language models such as OpenAI’s GPT-5 and Google DeepMind’s Gemini, which can generate long sequences of words that make sense, maintaining consistency across many dozens of sentences.  But videos are not made of words. Instead, videos get cut into chunks that can be treated as if they were. The approach that OpenAI came up with was to dice videos up across both space and time. “It’s like if you were to have a stack of all the video frames and you cut little cubes from it,” says Tim Brooks, a lead researcher on Sora.

      Latent diffusion transformer model definition

    2. Instead of processing raw data—the millions of pixels in each video frame—the model works in what’s known as a latent space, in which the video frames (and text prompt) are compressed into a mathematical code that captures just the essential features of the data and throws out the rest.

      Latent diffusion model definition

    3. A diffusion model is a neural network trained to reverse that process, turning random static into images. During training, it gets shown millions of images in various stages of pixelation. It learns how those images change each time new pixels are thrown at them and, thus, how to undo those changes.  The upshot is that when you ask a diffusion model to generate an image, it will start off with a random mess of pixels and step by step turn that mess into an image that is more or less similar to images in its training set.

      Diffusion model definition

  2. suboptimalism.neocities.org suboptimalism.neocities.org
    1. I’m Kit Anderson, productivity geek, entrepreneur, father of three (startups, that is), and soon-to-be the first self-made trillionaire (haha just kidding… but maybe?). This is my website where I write about my efforts to lead a productive life, the OPTIMAL life.

      The clean sans serif is brutal.

    1. On our part may we add, without meaning to be harsh, that a self-respecting person does not remain in the shelter of another but builds one of his own.

      slay?

    1. Drilling riser

      A drilling riser needs to carry drilling fluids while also protecting the drill bit. Under complex sea conditions, how do the environmental loads and failure risks it faces differ from those of a production riser?

  3. learn-ap-southeast-2-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-ap-southeast-2-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
  4. s3.amazonaws.com s3.amazonaws.com
    1. Why, I don’t think she minded

      Mr. Hale is telling the story of how he found Mr. Wright dead in his home. When he visited, Mrs. Wright was acting strange and quiet. She told him her husband was upstairs, strangled with a rope. She didn’t seem upset. Hale and his friend Harry went to check and found the body. They were surprised that Mrs. Wright claimed she didn’t wake up during the murder, even though she was in the same bed. They decided to call the authorities.

    1. In California, where record-breaking wildfires earlier this year collectively accounted for $37.5 billion in insured losses—roughly 70 percent of global insured disaster costs—insurance providers are adapting their models

      OMG, I did not realise the California insured losses were so large. More than 2/3 of global insured disaster costs is mind-boggling.

  5. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. Step 1: Investment (I) Before anything else happens in capitalism, the capitalistmust decide to make an initial investment: establishing their company and startingproduction. This requires an initial expenditure on fixed capital (includingthe workplace itself, and all the machinery and tools inside). The capitalist mustalso provide some working capital, to pay the initial wages of the company’semployees, buy raw materials and supplies, and meet other day-to-day expenses;hence the capitalist needs a certain revolving fund of cash to get production started.(After a full cycle of production has occurred, the company can use some of itsrevenues to pay for those expenses in the next production cycle.)

      I just recently had to experience this exact step actually, and I can say that when you look at it like this it really doesn't seem that bad. It can get a lot more frighting when you have to start adding up all the money that it'll cost to do this initial investment. I think depending on the type of business you end up running some steps might not (Step 2 for instance), but over all I defiantly think that this first step will always apply.

    2. Worker households This is where wage-labourers live and reproducethemselves. They raise and educate children; feed, clothe, and care for eachother (including sick and elderly family members); and spend essentiallyall of their wages and salaries to buy the consumer goods and services thatthey need to survive and enjoy life. A great deal of unpaid, unmarketed workoccurs inside the household, most of it performed by women.

      I just really love the way that this is worded, it describes humans like some sort of insect that gathers in hives to survive. Thought it does make me wonder if this is how people who are higher in the social hierarchy see those of use that are lower

  6. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. Economists actually try to use the production function toexplain productivity differences between entire countries orto explain the historical path of productivity within a country.

      I think that's really interesting how they can use the past of a country and maybe even see where it'll go in the future simply due to their production history.

    2. Sociologists use a framework that emphasizes group

      The idea of this using group framework reminds me of the other reading specifically at the top of chapter 10 where it talks about the different groups that function in the economy.

    3. Is economics a science? Some people, mostly economists,believe that it is. On the other hand, other people, mostlynoneconomists, are skeptical or even scornful of what econ-omists teach.

      I think that in some ways it is and isn't, but more so in the way of like how you'd apply different math equations to problems you encounter in the real world. Overall I personally think that economics is more of a psychological than anything, even so, I don't really see any reason it can't be a mixture of both, or is there some reason that I'm just not understanding?

    4. which says that demand goes down as the price goes up.10 Has thelaw of demand been found to be false?Neither I nor any other economist would be willing to con-cede that the law of demand fails to hold. Instead, we wouldlook for factors that might account for the Ursinus Collegeapplication anomaly

      I can actually say that this has happened to me in real life where this anomaly occurred. This video game called "R.U.S.E." was removed from Steam awhile ago and me as well as some of my friends really enjoyed it, so when we got computers we decided to go looking for digital keys for it. When we found them before a few years back they were like $60 and now they are $200 - $250 even though the demand for the game has not grown since it is so old. I just wanted to show that this anomaly is more common than one might think.

    1. that inviting nonexperts or amateurs from diverse fields to solveproblems could contribute to more effective solutions and outcomes thankeeping a problem closed and away from the public.

      Could, may, underexplored... come on. I am stopping reading here.

    Annotators

    1. Our model dynamically balances intuitive and deliberative reasoning through a learned context gate mechanism. We validate our architecture on canonical false-belief tasks and systematically explore its capacity to replicate hallmark cognitive biases associated with dual-process theory, including anchoring, cognitive-load fatigue, framing effects, and priming effects.

      Deliverative is the value here

    1. “Do not be concerned about whether or not others know you; beconcerned about whether or not you know others.”

      I read 'The Art of War' recently and there was similar advice repeated time and time again - know others/your enemies as well as you can so that you can predict their every move in times of war.

    2. If for three years he does not alter the ways ofhis father, he may be called a filial son.

      Does this refer to customs that say the ways of a father should be carried out by the son after the father's death, until a certain point has been reached/time has passed and the son can take up a higher status in the the family?

    Annotators

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. The tenacity of the strikers inspired students at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) to form their own Third World Liberation Front in January 1969, who began a separate strike for Ethnic Studies at UCB (Delgado, 2016).

      This is nice to learn about. It’s not often that I see student activism actually making big swooping motions in the way that our country works, but it’s inspiring when it does. It’s very easy to feel discouraged when seeing other people advocate for important causes and seeing nothing done even with so many voices behind it, so it’s nice to see when it actually does make a difference.

    1. The introduction of colonial educational and epistemological frameworks led to the attempted erasure and genocide of Indigenous lifeways. Building on centuries of colonization, in 1869, the U.S. government and Christian churches began systematically kidnapping Native American children and trafficking students into government and church-run Boarding Schools, which were designed to forcefully strip students of their Native American heritage and impose the use of English, Christian religious customs, and colonized modes of dress.

      While this almost comes off as comically evil with modern context, it’s also very reassuring to know that we’ve at least finally come far enough as a people to attempt to start fixing the way that history is taught. It was nice seeing the broader discussion of Columbus and how it’s important for us to not exactly celebrate what he did and instead remeber those who were wronged.

    1. It emerged out of struggles and the long histories of communities of color and Indigenous peoples who value education for its potential to transform lives, inspire change, raise awareness, and disrupt systems of power and exploitation.

      This makes me wonder how this worked legally. Or really how any class emerges as a legally required field. I never really stopped to consider that before.

    1. The US, with its expanding population, relatively consistent economic growth and extensive domestic coal reserves, sees a cap on carbon emissions as a threat to its competitiveness, and hence to its global hegemony

      You really see the impacts of the shale revolution in this

    2. Europe, meanwhile, has been making encouraging though patchy progress towards its Kyoto targets, driven mainly by a one-off switch from coal to gas – leaving it cradled in Russia’s increasingly rough embraces

      Reading this in 2025 about Europe becoming dependent on Russia for gas in 2012, and seeing where it lead. Yeesh

    1. For example, the word calculate comes from the Latin word calculus, which means “pebble.” But what does a pebble have to do with calculations? Pebbles were used, very long ago, to calculate things before we developed verbal or written numbering

      I like how this relates to tally marks too, how we use each line to represent one, then group them in five

    1. he described a city captivated by technology and blinded by greed. He described a rushed and crowded city, a “huge wilderness” with “scores of miles of these terrible streets” and their “hundred thousand of these terrible people.” “The show impressed me with a great horror,” he wrote. “There was no color in the street and no beauty—only a maze of wire ropes overhead and dirty stone flagging under foot.”

      I understand thins mentality. Cities while being progressive, due in fact lose the uniqueness that rural life brings.

    1. Creativity is the venture of the mind at work with themechanics relay to the limbs from the cranium, which storesand triggers this action

      This is a very unique way to look at creativity. Different ways of expressing creativity like art and drawing are often a good way for people to relax or to reset themselves, calming themselves and is a good way of expressing ones self.

    2. The students have to appropriate (or be appropriated by)

      This is a very powerful statement--it provides a contrasting perspective of how 'us' as students navigate the world of literature.

    Annotators