1. Last 7 days
    1. “Who Run The World (Girls),” an uplifting song speaking to the foundational role that women play in society and culture.

      Very important part of this fourth album -- uplifting of Women

    2. Beyoncé’s commitment to continuing Black legacies is seen in her own relationship to Blue Ivy and motherhood.

      More example of Beyoncé living up to her brand--the empowerment of Black people

    3. Parkwood has now expanded to include Beyoncé’s smaller endeavors, including Cecred, a hair care brand, Sir Davis Whiskey, a whiskey label, and Ivy Park, a now-discontinued clothing line.

      Parkwood is a staple of Beyoncé's relationship with capitalism--she continues to build a brand, both in the name of profit and message building.

    4. Parkwood fronts the front-end production costs and reaps the back-end economic gains. Beyoncé cites Madonna as an inspiration to take control of her own work:

      Parkwood entertainment keeps the money flow within Beyonce's grasp--making all of her artistry a direct flow of income

    5. Beyoncé began building her business empire in 2010 when she established Parkwood Entertainment and moved much of her work in-hous

      BUSINESS EMPIRE -- LARGE EXAMPLE OF CAPITALISM. THIS THIS THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT

    6. he album also debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200, and Beyoncé won her third consecutive Best Contemporary R&B Album award at the 2010 GRAMMYs.

      More of her authenticity that leads to great success

    7. alter ego, Sasha Fierce, who Beyoncé created to“help her overcome challenges and give the best performances she can”

      SASHA FIERCE is a symbol of empowerment, overcoming struggle

    8. In December of 2006, Beyoncé starred as Deena Jones in the drama film Dreamgirls, based loosely on The Supremes.

      After release of B'Day album, ot debut as number 1, reception of four grammy nominations, and the grammy for best contemporary R&B Album, Beyonce stars as Deena Jones in Dreamgirls

    9. Her second solo album, B’Day, was released on Beyoncé’s 25th birthday in 2006. B’Day debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200, received four GRAMMY nominations, and won one GRAMMY for Best Contemporary R&B Album.

      Examples of more early on success -- backed by capitalism

    10. She laid the groundwork for a commitment to furthering Black musical traditions that would carry throughout her career.

      Her main goal is to further black musical traditions

    11. Following the major success of Survivor, Beyoncé began to pursue solo opportunities in both music and acting. Between 2001 and 2003, Beyoncé starred in three films: Carmen: A Hip Hopera (2001), Austin Powers: Goldmember (2003), and The Fighting Temptations (2003). She also released her first solo studio album, Dangerously in Love, in June of 2003. This album included the hit “Crazy in Love,” featuring Beyoncé’s future husband, Jay Z. Beyoncé would go on to win five Grammy’s for the album—Beyoncé’s first solo Grammy awards—including Best Contemporary R&B Album (GRAMMY Awards). “Crazy in Love” was nominated for Record of the Year.

      All markers of her early success--relates back to capitalism

    12. Beyoncé Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas on September 4th, 1981, to mother Tina Knowles, a hairdresser and fashion designer, and father Mathew Knowles, an entertainment executive.

      Important background: born septmber 4th, 1981 in Houston, Texas to Tina and Mathew Knowles

    13. especially elevating Black women’s stories

      This is a key point in her artistry --despite it coexisting with capitalistic and consumeristic mindsets, it is not inherrintley inuathentic--still upholds a good message

    14. Beyoncé is the most decorated and nominated artist in GRAMMY history, with 99 nominations and 35 wins

      Beyonce is a highly awarded woman. Ethos. Establishes her credibility. However, this is a key example of her music being oriented around capitalism. Although she is creating authentic art that is true to her, it is still in the name of making profit.

    1. These similarities within genres help us to communicate suc-cessfully; imagine the chaos that would ensue if news broadcasts were done in raps, if all legal briefs were written in couplets, or if your teach-er handed you a syllabus and told you that it must first be decoded.

      this shows how different types of writing follow different expectations. This makes it easier to follow the message in the writing.

    2. remember happily creat-ing introductions that moved from broad to specific (often starting with “In our world”), constructing three point thesis statements, and beginning paragraphs with “first,” “second,” and “third.”

      This reminds me a lot of high school with how they taught us how to write essays. We followed a strict structure that made writing easier but less creative.

  2. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Anya Kamenetz. Selfies, Filters, and Snapchat Dysmorphia: How Photo-Editing Harms Body Image. Psychology Today, February 2020. URL: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/202002/selfies-filters-and-snapchat-dysmorphia-how-photo-editing-harms-body-image (visited on 2023-12-08).

      After reading the article "Selfies, Filters, and Snapchat Dysmorphia: How Photo-Editing Harms Body Image" by Anya Kamenetz, it confirms a lot of the things I already knew about social media with just observing others and also firsthand experiences. I think these apps are intentionally designed to prey upon younger people and their insecurities in order to exploit them and also sell them easy fixes that will cure all their insecurities.

    2. Anya Kamenetz. Facebook's own data is not as conclusive as you think about teens and mental health. NPR, Octobe

      This talks about the harm that Facebook causes on teenagers and how the numbers are higher than you would think. Basically how horrible medias algorithm can be.

    3. I found source m4 interesting because I think it's easy to lose track of time when using social media. Sometimes I find myself scrolling for a long time and don't even remember most of the posts I looked at. I think this shows how social media can become a habit that we don't always notice. Ive tried implementing screen time reminders but they never really work because I always think to myself just 5 more minutes or just one more scroll and it is an unhealthy habit that im still trying to fix.

    4. Robinson Meyer. Everything We Know About Facebook’s Secret Mood-Manipulation Experiment. The Atlantic, June 2014. URL: https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/everything-we-know-about-facebooks-secret-mood-manipulation-experiment/373648/ (visited on 2023-12-08).

      In this article, author talks about an experiment happened in the Facebook. A researcher in Facebook adjusted and investigated the posts people received and posted. He found that if people received posts with bad emotions. They would also send some posts with bad emotions. For this investigation, I would like to say it did not sent consent to the users. I have studied psychology at high school, and in psychology, researchers need to inform consent to the people they research. So, maybe this is the reason why this research is controversial。

    1. ________________________________________________________________________

      Judaism is similar to Islam because both religions believe in one God and have religious laws and dietary rules. However, they have different holy books, religious practices, and beliefs.

    2. ________________________________________________________________________

      The paragraph mentions differences in the role of women in society and explains that Islam prohibits eating pork and drinking alcohol.

    3. ________________________________________________________________________

      Both religions believe in one God, have a holy book, provide rules and guidance for their followers, have a history of pilgrimage, and promote peace.

    4. ________________________________________________________________________

      The writer’s main point is that Christianity and Islam have more similarities than many people think. The author's purpose is to show the important things the two religions have in common.

    5. _______________________________________________________________________

      Yes, Arabic is spoken in my family. Arabic is written from right to left, while English is written from left to right. Arabic also has a different alphabet and different grammar rules from English.

    6. ________________________________________________________________________

      The writer explains that Cree verbs are more complex than English verbs, Cree nouns are divided into animate and inanimate groups, and possession is expressed differently in Cree.

    1. “If [social media] was just bad, I’d just tell all the kids to throw their phone in the ocean, and it’d be really easy. The problem is it - we are hyper-connected, and we’re lonely. We’re overstimulated, and we’re numb. We’re expressing our self, and we’re objectifying ourselves. So I think it just sort of widens and deepens the experiences of what kids are going through. But in regards to social anxiety, social anxiety - there’s a part of social anxiety I think that feels like you’re a little bit disassociated from yourself. And it’s sort of like you’re in a situation, but you’re also floating above yourself, watching yourself in that situation, judging it. And social media literally is that. You know, it forces kids to not just live their experience but be nostalgic for their experience while they’re living it, watch people watch them, watch people watch them watch them. My sort of impulse is like when the 13 year olds of today grow up to be social scientists, I’ll be very curious to hear what they have to say about it. But until then, it just feels like we just need to gather the data.” Director Bo Burnham On Growing Up With Anxiety — And An Audience [m3] - NPR Fresh Air (10:15-11:20)

      I agree with this quote from Bo Burnham. I do feel like social media forces children to be more insecure of themselves and can lead to them comparing themselves with others, not understanding what's real or not. I also agree with his thinking of social anxiety and how it feels like you're a bit disassociated with yourself. I do feel like social media can create a false sense of security for kids and also can lead to them developing more anxiety issues.

    2. I’m no stranger to apps that help me curb my screen time, and I’ll admit I’ve often felt better for using them. But on a more communal level, I suspect that cultures of digital detox — in suggesting that the online world is inherently corrupting and cannot be improved — discourage us from seeking alternative models for what the internet could look like. I don’t want to be trapped in cycles of connection and disconnection, deleting my social media profiles for weeks at a time, feeling calmer but isolated, re-downloading them, feeling worse but connected again. For as long as we keep dumping our hopes into the conceptual pit of “the offline world,” those hopes will cease to exist as forces that might generate change in the worlds we actually live in together.

      I have experienced this before. I used up my cellular data before because of watching TikTok. So, I decided to delete it, and turn to watch TikTok on iPad which is connected internet at my dorm. Then, I don't use TikTok at outside of dorm. This do enhance my ability of studying. However, I would miss some of message from my friends. So, I change my plan. I choose to see all of the message before I sleep. This experience of mine is very related to the content in the book. In conclusion, this consequence seems like I win myself from get addicted into TikTok, but actually I win the algorithm designed to enlarge our time of using TikTok.

    1. commons-based economy

      Coming back to this quote after reading the chapter – I'm curious what a commons-based economy would be like in relation to socio-political praxis [in or beyond or outside of occuaptional therapy]

    2. enclosures

      If we were to build/develop an online space for sharing/gathering...like this annotation space, it can form an enclosure depending on who owns/governs the domain.

    3. committed to refus- ing labor hierarchies

      If we're looking to embody this, what about research assistant contracts? Recognizing that university policies for RAs are in place to prevent grad students from being exploited.

    4. global commons,’ a concept that presumes the existence of a global collectivity

      Yeah, this is important as we're thinking about commoning/sharing across contexts. The notion of a global commons (or international praxis network) would ultimately reify who holds power

    5. “no community, no commons.”

      This has methodological implications. If we recruit participants that are not a community, then we need to first build community?

    6. commoners’ entitlements and obligations should be

      This is a really important point. I'm wondering if there are some existing resources out there as a basis to start developing this as we go?

    7. practice that appears inefficient to capitalist eyes.

      This is really resonant - we see this also with respect to community-based research that is time consuming (aka inefficient). Even in terms of the systems that practitioners operate in – commoning will be valued if it increases efficiency in some way. Perhaps by necessity in the non-profit sector even.

    8. To this end, keeping in mind Massimo De Angelis’s recommenda- tion against setting up ‘models’ of commons

      Might be good to read De Angelis' work? They've been cited a few times. There is one in our reading table.

    9. classic example are the unenclosed Alpine meadows of Switzerland, which every summer become grazing fields for dairy cows, providing milk for the dairy industry.

      I have never heard of this!

    10. ‘Gated’ commoners share resources that would be difficult, expensive or impossible for any individual to purchase and enjoy. But these resources are jealously guarded from the use of ‘outsiders,’ especially those who would be unable to pay the often-hefty fee for buying into the common.

      There's an interesting tension here...there is an insurgent aspect to a gated commons, or a means to survive within globalized and advanced capitalism. And also, it is still 'expensive' even if not monetarily...eg join the commons if you agree to share back with the commons...or maybe that isn't an example of a gated commons.

    11. ccess to those who can pay

      This isn't want they're talking about here - but I'm thinking about the [OT or other] participants we might recruit...or who might have a desire to common knowledge (more widely speaking or in a future project). What type of contexts can practitioners afford/have time to do it? Compensation helps, but the tension in terms of commodification of labour. What if a pool of funds were made available and each 'common' would decide on how to distribute? Our ethics boards typically ensure research participation is never 'pay' but more akin to a gift recognizing contribution.

    12. We have commons in fact that are co-opted by the state, others that are closed and ‘gated’ commons, and still others that are commodity- producing and ultimately controlled by the market.

      There are risks, I think, in developing commons in a research context. Where the funding for developing this sort of thing is held by universities, and thereby researchers can exert control. And still, there is also safety in universities holding funds if there is a shared governance structure.

    13. stress how powerful is the demand coming from the grassroots for the creation of new forms of sociality and provision- ing under communal control and organized on the principle of social cooperation

      I'm curious whether there is grassroots demand for new social forms and 'self-provisioning' of knowledge in health and social services (or OT). My guess is that our current social form, the mode of production, is so normalized that it isn't questioned.

    14. They are experiments in self- provisioning and the seeds of an alternative mode of production in the making.

      Commoning as little experiments in self-provisioning. I love that.

    15. has a price tag or is patented and no effort is spared to ensure that companies have the right to enclose all the remaining open space on earth and force us to pay to gain access to it.

      When meeting with folks at the university about options for licensing the praxis toolkit, they advised against creative commons. Commercialization and revenue generating options are preferred.

    16. Primitive, or better originary, accumulation is the strategy the capitalist class

      Primative accumulation - where people who used to produce things (eg artisans) are turned into wage labourers. Academics pumping out papers while publishers make a killing. Commodification of peer support. Theories are credible when packaged up by researchers in universities. Are extractive research practices an example? I think so...

    17. common land was still 3 percent of the total of the territory.7

      What is the territory that we're thinking about – theory, knowledge, practices in [healthcare/social services/occupational therapy]? I wonder what a historical excavation might show in terms or where knowledge in our field has been held...in north america at least OT came out of the collision of the arts & crafts movement and pyschiatry (to oversimplify it).

    1. Minimize the user's memory load by making elements, actions, and options visible. The user should not have to remember information from one part of the interface to another. Information required to use the design (e.g. field labels or menu items) should be visible or easily retrievable when needed.

      I had not thought of this

    2. 5: Error Prevention Good error messages are important, but the best designs carefully prevent problems from occurring in the first place.

      Must ensure that Information Architects pay attention to detail

    3. Ensure that users can understand meaning without having to go look up a word’s definition.

      By doing this, the user will give the design a better review and, not everyone has time to look up a lot of words in a dictionary

    1. What occurs to me is that I can kind of fairly claim to have been in the four corners of the continental U.S. I was less than 10 miles from the Mexican border. I’ve crossed into Canada about as far northwest as you can go in Washington. I’ve been to Miami. I’ve been to Acacia National Park in Maine. Not quite the exact corners but very close.

      Speaking of the four corners of the continental U.S., one of my favorite things to do in a large store is see what merchadise they have in the farthest corners of the store. These tend to be the most forgotten items.

    2. Kiribati has a distinct language which, absurdly, is commonly known as Gilbertese.

      Aww nuts. Gilbertese is not one of the languages that Google Translate has.

    3. What’s kind of stunning is how far apart these archipelagos are

      From what I found online, the islands of Kiribati are spread across 2,200 to 2,400 miles from east to west. To compare, the East Coast and the West Coast of the United States is roughly 2,800 to 3,000 miles.

  3. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. The Selfish Gene. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1188207750. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Selfish_Gene&oldid=1188207750 (visited on 2023-12-08).

      The Selfish Gene is a book that was written by Richard Dawkins in 1976 that kind of focuses the perspective around the gene's rather than the entire species as a group. There are countless different themes that he speaks about but a few of the main ideas that this book speaks about are: What is DNA's role in evolution, Why he refers to genes as selfish, and Altruism amongst animals.

      Dawkins says that genes are crucial for evolution because they allow us to carry genetic data from one generation to the next. Organisms that manage to survive until reproduction stage allow certain beneficial traits to develop over multiple generations, which improves evolution.

      Dawkins considers genes to be "selfish" not because they are capable of being decisions that are selfish but because natural selection inherently favors genes that are successful at reproducing.

      Dawkins curiosity of Altruism in animals stems from his observation that sometimes animals help each other out even if doing so, puts them at risk. He believes that because these animals share many of the same genes, that by helping each other, they can indirectly increase the chance of shared genes being passed down to the next generation.

    2. Tanya Chen. A 27-Year-Old Composer Has Inspired One Of The Most Epic And Delightful Duet Chains On TikTok. BuzzFeed News, October 2020. URL: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tanyachen/epic-tiktok-chain-musical-fighting-in-a-grocery-store (visited on 2023-12-08).

      I think this is a great example of how social media can bring people together creatively. What I find interesting is that people don't even need to know each other to collaborate on something that becomes viral. It also makes me think that virality isn't always about getting attention or becoming famous. Sometimes it's just about people having fun and sharing their creativity.

    3. 12.9. Bibliography

      https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1509/jmr.10.0353

      I found this interesting source on what makes content viral.

      The article talks about why certain content goes viral on the internet. In the article, the researchers found that content triggering strong emotions, such as excitement, anger, or anxiety, is more likely to be shared, which suggests that emotional reactions play an important role in how information spreads across social media.

      I think one thing I found interesting was that content that makes people angry or anxious is often the type to go viral opposed to content that makes people sad. This makes me think intensity is what truly gets people invested, whether that be positive intensity or negative intensity.

    4. Aja Romano. This is why there are jokes about plums all over your Twitter feed. Vox, December 2017. URL: https://www.vox.com/2017/12/1/16723210/this-is-just-to-say-plums-twitter-baby-shoes (visited on 2023-12-

      Vox article on how William Carlos Williams's poem 'This Is Just To Say' became a Twitter meme in 2017. Social media can bring older literature back to life, and others rewritten and remixed the poem into humorous posts. Even the shift from 140 to 280 characters on Twitter left more room to play with these jokes. The essay discusses how internet culture allows users to make creative references to existing works and introduce them to new audiences.

    5. Meme. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1187840093. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meme&oldid=1187840093#Etymology (visited on 2023-12-08).

      This is an article from Wikipedia about what a meme is. It talks about the evolution and history of memes as well as who created the term. It also mentions the criticism of meme theory and applications.

    6. l15

      The link is abut the Clinton and Lewinsky scandal in which Bill Clinton, the president of the United States, and Monica Lewinsky, a White House intern were coined as being in a sexual relationship. It apparently began in 1995 when Bill Clinton was 49 years old and Monica Lewinsky was 22 years old. What is interesting about this situation to me was the reaction of people towards Monica Lewinsky. How she was made to be some type of horrible person although the situation in itself was very predatory. The president of the U.S. having sexual relations with an intern, especially one as young as Monica Lewinsky was, should have gained him more criticism than it gained her. The slut shaming was very disappointing to hear about.

    7. [l33] Central Park birdwatching incident

      I remember when this video came out and the rage that I felt 1 because her dog was off leash and 2 because of what she said when she called the cops. She knew that by saying the man was black she was more likely to get a robust response from the police. To their knowledge her description didn’t even have to be accurate. It’s an awful reaction.

    8. Pyramid scheme. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1188350070. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyramid_scheme&oldid=1188350070 (visited on 2023-12-08).

      According to Wikipedia, a pyramid scheme is a business model where a person or small group of people starts at the top, recruits new members, and then pays those members to recruit more members. This causes the whole structure to grow like a pyramid. Pyramid schemes are illegal in most countries because they are considered a scam, while a few people at the top profit; most of the people in the middle or lower levels lose the money they initially put in and get scammed.

    9. Monica Lewinsky. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1187944516. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monica_Lewinsky&oldid=1187944516 (visited on 2023-12-08).

      Monica Lewinsky is a perfect example of someone who got wrapped into 'virality'. People found this news to be concerning or engaging, so it survived over time. To this day, you can find memes and articles of her on the internet.

    10. Pyramid scheme. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1188350070. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyramid_scheme&oldid=1188350070 (visited on 2023-12-08).

      I found this topic interesting because pyramid schemes rely mainly on recruiting new members rather than providing real value through products or services. I wonder how difficult the system was to obtain as each level of this model must recruit more people. And I also want to know why people may still join or share schemes, even when most participants are likely to lose money?

    11. [l19]

      I thought it was interesting how one simple TikTok video turned into over 500 duets. People were even making their own characters, like a can of soup or a shopping cart wheel. I think this shows how social media trends can bring people together and allow them to be creative.

    12. Matt Novak. 18 Jokes Elon Musk Stole From His Fans On Twitter. URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattnovak/2023/02/05/18-jokes-elon-musk-stole-from-his-fans-on-twitter/ (visited on 2023-12-08).

      I think this shows one way of how a meme goes viral. When someone influential as elon musk shares a meme, it almost always gets share to a massive amount of people, and therefore the meme goes viral. I think this might also carry risk, because if someone influential shares a meme or story that might be misleading or fake news. those news can be share to a lot of people almost instantly.

    13. Rebecca Black - Friday. March 2011. URL: https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/rebecca-black-friday (visited on 2023-12-08).

      I was interested in this source because i’m very familiar with this song, “Friday” by Rebecca Black, but not how it became a meme, which is what this source covers. This source covers how the video spread across all of social media and grew to new jokes, remix’s, and even parodies. Through all this Rebecca was only 13, which i found extremely surprising, especially with all the hate and bullying that she got during this time.

    14. Dennis Lee. I made that viral Spaghettio pie that everyone is crapping themselves over. January 2021. URL: https://foodisstupid.substack.com/p/i-made-that-viral-spaghettio-pie (visited on 2023-12-08).

      Dennis Lee tries making a viral Spaghettio pie recipe that uses Spaghettios, cheese, milk, and garlic bread. He talks about how weird the recipe is and how it doesn't turn out very good, but he is surprised that it actually tastes better than he expected.

    15. Meme. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1187840093. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meme&oldid=1187840093#Etymology (visited on 2023-12-08)

      This Wikipedia article defines a meme as an idea or behavior that imitates other people within a culture.

    16. Meme. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1187840093. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meme&oldid=1187840093#Etymology (visited on 2023-12-08).

      This source gives an in-depth overview of the origin of the memes and how they have evolved. Specifically, I looked at how the word is defined. The word “meme” comes from the Ancient Greek word "mīmēma", which means “imitated thing.” Biologist Richard Dawkins coined the term in his book The Selfish Gene (1976). In the book, he used it to describe how ideas and culture spread the way genes do, using examples like catchphrases, melodies, and fashion. In a broader perspective, some memes spread because they provide simple explanations for why things are going wrong.

    17. Meme. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1187840093. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meme&oldid=1187840093#Etymology (visited on 2023-12-08).

      The word memes comes from Greek and coined recently in 1976.

    18. Meme. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1187840093. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meme&oldid=1187840093#Etymology (visited on 2023-12-08).

      The idea of a meme, or at least what can be found to be most interesting about it, is fascinatingly tied to a human desire far older than print. To think that we all just want to share a common experience, finding joy within a communal feeling, is so fantastic. With the advent of print technologies however, cultural impacts can be condensed into a physical image or common phrase in a far more accessible manner. I wonder how this anthropological habit will evolve with new technologies?

    1. In what ways have you found social media bad for your mental health and good for your mental health?

      I have found communities online that help with different thing such as body positivity, immigrant groups, and after life of pro athletes. This helps me so much because I can get a visual feel on how many people have the same struggles with me. But on the negative side social media has many people that like to use it just to bring down confidence and make you feel less than.

    1. There are also cultural barriers. Many Asian immigrants hail from countries withoutdemocratic processes or with authoritarian governments. They may be afraid to interact withgovernment, institutions or anyone they don’t know personally

      I find this to be very interesting. It does seem plausible that someone's cultural background would have an impact on how they interact in a new culture. If a person was not catered for in their old situation, why would the expect to be catered for in their new situation?

    2. Seems like Asian Americans are doing well, right? But the survey had a gaping lacuna: itwas conducted by phone only in English or Spanish.Of course, that immediately excludesAsians with low proficiency in English, who, ironically, are likely poor, vulnerable and most inneed.And importantly, the poll highlights how skewed data can yield dangerously misleadingresults and headlines

      This just shows how statistics need to be not immediately treated as fact. A piece of data sometimes does not tell the whole story. As learners, we need to be cautious about creating our opinions.

    1. How can you participate in cultural exchange without harmful cultural appropriation?

      To be able to participate in healthy cultural exchange but NOT harmful cultural appropriation, there are a variety of different methods and things you can do before exchanging cultures. To prevent being harmful you must first educate yourself about the culture's history and significance of certain items/foods. Another thing you can do is to avoid stereotypes or reinforcing certain stereotypes regardless of whether you believe they are harmful or not. Lastly, you should engage in cultural events, eat traditional foods, and inquire about certain cultural things that you are curious about without trying to avoid all cultural things in fear of appropriating their culture. By doing all of these steps before being introduced into a different culture ensures that you don't accidentally adopt their culture wrongly and reinterpret it to be something that it's not.

    2. How can you participate in cultural exchange without harmful cultural appropriation?

      We can participate in cultural exchanges on social media by respecting and learning about other cultures, but when we do so it is important to give proper credit to their origins. This includes listening to people from those cultures, understanding the meaning behind cultural traditions, and avoiding stereotypes or using cultural elements solely for trends or entertainment. I think it's important to recognize the difference between appreciating a cultural and exploiting/misrepresenting it for personal gain.

    3. When is it ok to not cite sources for content?

      I think citing sources is always important when a trend is just starting out. This way we're aware of who's it behind. However, once it’s become widely known and once we can all contribute the art automatically to said person then maybe it’s okay. Regardless it’s a very tricky situation. I think citing the creator should be done so there’s no mistaking where it came from.

    4. For example, many phrases from Black American culture have been appropriated by white Americans [l47] and had their meanings changed or altered (like “woke”, “cancel”, “shade”, “sip/spill the tea”, etc.).

      This is something I honestly had no idea about. I had never thought about the origins of some of the popular words and phrases that we use on the internet and where they come from. I suppose the anonymity on the internet makes it more socially acceptable to appropriate these phrases. Seeing this as a white guy makes me want to be extra aware of using these phrases.

    5. How do you think attribution should work when copying and reusing content on social media (like if you post a meme or gif on social media)?

      I think that attribution should depend on what the creator of the original content wants, and if no original creator can be found, then the use of the meme or content is free game. If brands are using somebody's content for advertisement, credit alone isn't enough; they should reimburse the creator with money. I think it is courteous to give a creator credit for their work on social media because online, attention is currency, and you can pay them back by sending more people to their channel. Some creators, however, may not want credit so that they aren't subjected to bullying/ harrassment; if this is the case, then it is right not to give them credit or use their content at all.

    6. How do you think attribution should work when copying and reusing content on social media (like if you post a meme or gif on social media)?

      I think it’s important to give credit to people sharing important ideas or art in their content but it’s more complicated when it comes to posts like memes. Although it is one person original idea it’s not common to give credit to the creator of a meme. It’s unspoken but known that memes will blow up and take a life of their own, creators are usually aware of this fact and even if someone wanted to give credit it’s difficult to find the original creators of them in most cases.

    1. After a decision is made, we expect everyone, including the people who argued for a different approach, to disagree and commit.

      I think this is a good idea because not everyone is going to agree on every decision at work. Employees should be allowed to share their opinions, but once a decision is made, everyone needs to work together to make it successful.

    2. We expect managers to practice context not control

      In my own words, I think this means managers should give employees the information they need and trust them to make decisions instead of controlling every little thing. I think this is a good way to manage people because employees can learn more and feel like their opinions matter.

    3. “if X wanted to leave, would I fight to keep them?”

      This part stood out to me because it shows how serious Netflix is about keeping high-performing employees. I understand wanting the best people working for a company, but I think this could also create a lot of pressure. I wonder if this approach helps employees improve or mostly makes them feel stressed.

    4. We all work hard to keep each other accountable for upholding these standards, especially our leaders, because excellence and honesty go hand in hand.

      I like that Netflix expects leaders to follow the same standards as everyone else. Sometimes managers expect employees to listen to feedback but don't want to hear it themselves. I think being able to speak honestly with your manager can make a workplace better because problems can be fixed instead of ignored.

    5. we model ourselves on a professional sports team, not a family.

      I thought this was an interesting way to describe a workplace. Netflix is basically saying that being part of the company is about performance and having the right people in each position. I understand wanting employees who work hard, but I also think comparing a company to a sports team could make people feel like their jobs are never fully secure. It makes me wonder how employees feel knowing they could be replaced if someone better comes along.

  4. docdrop.org docdrop.org
    1. I didn't have the cultural capital to know where to take a date for dinner before the senior prom.

      I find this point about cultural capital to be very interesting. While the author did not have the cultural capital to understand the differences between restaurants, I would guess they had cultural capital in understanding nature and the forest. Cultural capital can be completely different depending on situation.

    2. I grew up in West Virginia, where the entire state looks like a national park. And I grew up playing barefoot in rich, old-growth Appalachian forests. A feral child. Maybe growing up around such beauty, you believe you are rich. Danny's pejorative term, though, would be only the first inkling of what was to come. But I'll never forget that Danny started it in third grade. Third grade was a bad year. Third grade was the year I learned in school that I was poor.

      It is interesting to see how it is all about perception. The author was satisfied with their Homelife until others began to push their beliefs on the author. If the author did not ever get called poor, would they have ever felt that third grade was bad?

    1. Whale Evolution: Fig. 12.1 A sequence of extinct animals in the chain of evolution from mammals related to hippos and deer into whales and dolphins. From wikipedia [l1]. Drawings by Nobu Tamura [l2] licensed CC BY 3.0# In order to understand what we are talking about when we say something goes “viral”, we need to first understand biological evolution and how it relates to the origin of the scientific term “meme.”

      I never really thought about memes as something that evolves over time. It reminds me of how trends on TikTok and Instagram start with one person, and then everyone creates their own version. I think it's interesting how the original meaning can completely change as more people participate. It makes me wonder whether the original creator should still get credit when a trend becomes viral.

    2. So we can use an evolutionary perspective to consider the spread of:

      I've always known that what humans find the most useful, relatable, accessible, or enjoyable typically has a lasting impact. However, I've never linked it in this way to natural selection. It's about the survival of the fittest, the meme/tech/belief/etc. that can withstand time. I found this link to be interesting and something that made it easy to connect the phenomenas to each other.

    3. A meme is a piece of culture that might reproduce in an evolutionary fashion, like a hummable tune that someone hears and starts humming to themselves, perhaps changing it, and then others overhearing next.

      I've noticed this on TikTok and Instagram, where people copy trends because they like the sound or want to engage with the community. I think that's how memes spread, since people keep making their own versions of the same trend.

  5. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. In what ways have you participated in helping content go viral?

      I participate in helping content go viral by sharing, commenting and liking the content. This makes it so the algorithm pushes this content to more people which then helps it go viral. Also saving videos helps because I am engaging with the content.

    2. In what ways have you participated in helping content go viral?

      Just by using the mediums of content consumption in typical ways. TikTok, Instagram, and youtube all care for the data of views and likes, so when I see things or interact with things typically I'm directly adding to the virality. Engagement monetization leads to consumption taking place in mass chunks, so it's not entirely uncommon for me to have watched the same video as many of my peers. My favorite content creators, a statement that implies the point in itself, are platforms that I and many others dedicate time to consuming, thereby dedicating time to make them viral.

  6. docdrop.org docdrop.org
    1. Attendance problems often indicate negative parent attitudes toward school. Parents who did poorly in school themselves may have a negative attitude about their children’s schools

      This knockdown effect perpetuates the same issues over and over. If a poor person struggles in school because of socioeconomic issues then they are more likely to influence their child to do worse in school. This could cause the child to do worse and be more likely to experience poverty in the next generation.

    2. he rural poverty rate is growing and has exceeded the urban rate every year since data collec-tion began in the 1960s. The difference between the two poverty rates has averaged about 5 percent for the last 30 years, with urban rates near 10–15 percent and rural rates near 15–20 percent

      I wonder what the primary factors are to the contribution to rural poverty increase over urban poverty. Is it based around access? Since urban poverty has easier access to jobs and social services is that helping more than for rural areas?.

    3. Retirement is only six years away.

      I wonder if some of the issues within his class stem from this mentality. If the teacher is behaving like they just want to get to retirement I could see this influencing students to not try. If the teacher does not appear to care why would the students care themselves?

    1. We propose that managers reduce the incentives for passing (and the costs of revealing) by encouraging people to focus on achieving their goals and measuring actual results rather than hours invested.

      I think this is one of the best ideas in the article because I believe employees should be judged by how well they do their jobs instead of how long they stay at work. This connects to business management because managers need to understand productivity and how to get the best performance out of their employees.

    2. Revealing allows people the validation of being more fully known by colleagues, which is denied to the passers. However, it can have damaging career consequences

      found this part interesting because you would think being honest with your employer about your personal responsibilities would be a good thing. However, the article explains that being open about these things can sometimes hurt someone's chances of getting promoted. I think this creates an unfair situation because employees are almost being punished for having a life outside of their careers. It makes me wonder how many talented employees leave companies because they don't feel supported. This is kind of how I am feeling at my job right now because I do bring a lot to the table but I do not feel respected always or appreciated.

    3. When work is enjoyable and rewarding, an accepting strategy may be beneficial, allowing people to succeed and advance in their careers.

      What I think this is saying is that some people are completely okay with putting most of their time and energy into their careers, especially when they enjoy what they do. For those people working long hours might not feel like a problem at first. However, I think there is a difference between choosing to work hard because you enjoy your career and feeling forced to work constantly because you are afraid of losing your job.

    4. To be ideal workers, people must choose, again and again, to prioritize their jobs ahead of other parts of their lives: their role as parents (actual or anticipated), their personal needs, and even their health.

      This made me think about how some people believe that working longer hours automatically means they are better employees. Before reading this, I didn't really think about how much pressure employees can feel to choose between their careers and their personal lives. I believe there needs to be a balance between their job and things outside of work that are important for each individual person.

    5. By operating in this way, organizations pressure employees to become what sociologists have called ideal workers: people totally dedicated to their jobs and always on call.

      I think this is something that happens in a lot of workplaces, especially jobs where managers expect employees to always be available. Even if someone is not scheduled to work, they might still get messages asking them to come in or do something for the company. I can relate to this because balancing work, school, soccer, and other responsibilities can already be difficult. When employers expect people to put work ahead of everything else, it can make it harder to have a life outside of work. I am a Senior BA at American Eagle which is a management posiition so I have a lot of responsibility but I feel like my job does not respect my availability that I have given them.

    1. When physical mail was dominant in the 1900s, one type of mail that spread around the US was a chain letter [l7]. Chain letters were letters that instructed the recipient to make their own copies of the letter and send them to people they knew. Some letters gave the reason for people to make copies might be as part of a pyramid scheme [l8] where you were supposed to send money to the people you got the letter from, but then the people you send the letter to would give you money. Other letters gave the reason for people to make copies that if they made copies, good things would happen to them, and if not bad things would, like this:

      I like how chain letters played upon people's fears or rewarded them for passing it along. It reminds me of social network posts asking people to repost something for good luck or to avoid bad luck. Maybe the technology varies, but such tricks still work on people today.

    2. The spread of these letters meant that people were putting in effort to spread them (presumably believing making copies would make them rich or help them avoid bad luck). To make copies, people had to manually write or type up their own copies of the letters (or later with photocopiers, find a machine and pay to make copies). Then they had to pay for envelopes and stamps to send it in the mail. As these letters spread we could consider what factors made some chain letters (and modified versions) spread more than others, and how the letters got modified as they spread.

      This is interesting that these chain letters existed because I remember when I was younger and people would send chain mail through text. This was a big deal to my friends and I, we would all be scared of the texts and send them to one another. I never thought about where this originated from, but it makes sense that it happened through mail and letters first. But to think that it started with people asking for money and that working is sort of crazy.

    1. What Is an Emergency Fund?
      1. One thing I learned from this section is how important it is to have a budget and understand where my money is going. Budgeting helps me keep track of how much money I earn, what I spend, and how much I can put into savings. I also learned that having a checking and savings account can help me organize my money and keep track of my spending. Something that stood out to me was the importance of having an emergency fund. Unexpected expenses like car repairs, medical bills, or replacing a computer can happen at any time. Having money saved for emergencies can prevent someone from needing to use a credit card or take out a loan. I think starting with small amounts from each paycheck is a realistic way to build savings over time.
    2. Financial Planning in Five Steps
      1. Learning about financial planning will benefit me throughout college and in my future career because it has helped me understand the importance of making responsible decisions with money. As a General Business student, I know that understanding finances is an important skill that can also help me in the business world. I want to be able to manage my income, save for future goals, avoid unnecessary debt, and make smart decisions about spending. I also learned that protecting personal information, using strong passwords, and keeping financial accounts secure are important parts of managing money. These skills will help me become more independent and prepared for unexpected situations. Overall, I think learning these things now will help me build better financial habits that I can use throughout my education, career, and everyday life.
    3. Types of Financial Aid: How to Pay for College
      1. This section helped me understand that paying for college involves more than just paying tuition because there are also costs for books, supplies, transportation, and other expenses. I learned that students have different options to help pay for their education, including grants, scholarships, student loans, and work-study programs. One thing that stood out to me was the importance of completing the FAFSA because it can help students qualify for different types of financial aid. I also learned that student loans should be taken seriously because they have to be paid back and can affect someone's finances after graduation. Since I am currently attending South Puget Sound Community College for my General Business degree, I think it is important to understand these options and look for ways to reduce the amount of money I may need to borrow.
    4. Benefits of a Credit Card
      1. I learned that credit cards can be helpful when they are used responsibly, but they can also create financial problems if someone spends more than they can afford to pay back. One important thing I learned is that paying a credit card balance in full each month can help avoid paying interest. Making payments on time is also important because it helps build and maintain a good credit score. I did not realize how much interest and late fees could add up when someone only makes the minimum payment. This reminded me of the situation with Elan at the beginning of the chapter because using credit to buy something expensive ended up creating more financial stress. I learned that it is better to only use credit for purchases I can afford and to think about the long-term cost before borrowing money.
    5. What Students Say
      1. My top immediate financial priority is increasing my savings and having more money set aside for the future. Since I am in college and also working, I want to make sure I am managing my money responsibly while balancing school and other expenses. The aspect of my finances that concerns me the most is planning and saving for the future because I want to be financially independent and prepared for unexpected expenses. When it comes to paying for college, I know the least about work-study programs. I would like to understand more about how they work and how students can use them to help pay for their education.
    1. I found the section on doomscrolling really relatable because I catch myself doing it on social media. Sometimes I keep scrolling through negative news or posts without realizing how much time has passed. Even though I know that constantly seeing negative content can affect my mental health, it can be hard to stop because there's always something new to look at. I think social media makes this worse because algorithms keep recommending similar content, making it easy to get stuck in a cycle of scrolling.

    1. Measure employee engagement through surveys or assessments that gauge factors such as satisfaction, motivation, and commitment.

      I think surveys are a good way for companies to find out how their employees actually feel about working there. Sometimes employees might not feel comfortable speaking up directly to their managers, so surveys give them another way to share their opinions. Companies could use the responses from theses surveys to figure out what they are doing well or need to improve on.

    2. A people-centric approach encourages employees to think creatively, take risks, and innovate.

      I think employees should feel comfortable sharing their ideas and trying new things without worrying about getting in trouble if something does not work out. Sometimes the people doing the actual work have the best ideas about how to improve a business. Even in my own work I need someone to just let me try something new and if I mess up address it, but do not let me have a new opportunity because I have less experience.

    3. Human-Centric HR, also known as Human-Centered HR or People-Centric HR, is an approach to human resources management that prioritizes the well-being, development, and empowerment of employees. This approach recognizes that employees are not just resources to be managed but rather individuals with unique needs, aspirations, and capabilities.

      I think is a very important piece of this article because employees should be treated like actual people and not individuals who are just there to work for a company and recieve a paycheck in return. Just as it says in chapter 2, everyone has different goals and personalities but at the end of the day each person is working towards one goal. I think the way employees are treated from the beginning of their employment makes a big difference in how they feel about a company as well.

    1. As another example, this tweet is instructions for how to interact with it (add a picture), and people keep copying the instructions with their replies.

      This section made me realize that online content can encourage people to participate, not just watch. I've noticed a similar post on Reddit where people use a prompt to think about their own scenario. This made me think about social media not only as a platform for people to chat, but also a designed place for people to have more various communication.

    2. When someone creates content that goes viral, they didn’t necessarily intend it to go viral, or viral in the way that it does.

      I think in recent days, in era of social media, there is a lot of things that go viral. Someone posts something that is funny or interesting, and everyone shares it and it later goes viral which almost everyone in social media can see. I feel like there is so many news that go viral these days, that this is might be good in terms of sharing a funny videos, but it might also support misleading or false information that users find it funny or interesting.

    3. If a user posts a joke, and people share it because they think it is funny, then their intention and the way the content goes viral is at least somewhat aligned. If a user tries to say something serious, but it goes viral for being funny, then their intention and the virality are not aligned.

      I think the chain reaction from posting something that went accidentally viral is a very interesting concept. For example, some could post something that they did not intend to go viral and it could jumpstart an influencing career for them. One example of this is Alix Earl, who got famous for making a get ready with me video, which has now turned her into one of the biggest influencers of this generation and she now has turned it into a career.

    4. Users can also create intentionally bad or offensive content in an attempt to make it go viral (which is a form of trolling). So when criticism of this content goes viral, that is in fact aligned with the original purpose.

      This has become more common nowadays because of getting more views and likes. This creates anger in users that don’t realize that that it was intentionally made for being offensive.

    1. in general, fight club is a meditation on nihilism: everything will die, nothing will last, nothing makes sense, so how do we want to die?

      passive nihilism ("team blue") is represented by the anonymous character, wasting his time to optimize his appartment (cave) with pretty-but-useless furniture, waiting for a day that never comes (false patience, hopium), waiting for "a natural death" (in effect, rotting in bed while being held alive by "doctors"), selfishly trying to "just have some fun" and then die without leaving a trace

      active nihilism ("team red") is represented by Tyler Durden, the man with a plan... of course he will not change the fact that everything will die, but at least he actively consciously chooses to "die with style", to "die in combat", to die as a warrior, sacrificing his life for some higher purpose ("space monkey"...)

      there’s more i won’t list

      one detail i really like about fight club is the "homework assignments" scene, where Tyler Durden (the leader) assigns "homework" to his soldiers in written form, so all the operations stay as clandestine as possible. so effectively, Tyler Durden is bootstrapping his own secret service, biased towards "active measures" (team red, attack)

    1. 12.3. Evolution in social media# Let’s now turn to social media and look at how evolution happens there. As we said before, evolution occurs when there is: replication (with inheritance), variations or mutations, and selection[1], so let’s look at each of those.

      This chapter stood out to me because memes have changed so much in the past decade. When I was growing up we would use social media apps like vine that had much more creative humor, and was clearly a lot more thought out. I think that memes have gotten a lot more simple and less creative, which could potentially match the humor that the younger generations enjoy, such as the 6-7 meme.

    1. Dexter’s

      The characters Dexter and Judy are allusions to F. Scott Fitzgerald's other work The Great Gatsby because the characters are very similar to Gatsby and Daisy.

    1. For countless Americans individual identity had become intimately associated with membership in large organizations.

      Groups like the Italian immigrants from The Godfather were limited in terms of their social mobility, shown by the example of Amerigo Bonasera’s daughter not receiving the same justice that the “native” American would receive. Were gangs created, or organized like the mob in The Godfather, as a way to mimic these corporations for those who were blocked in their social mobility so that they could share this same identity?

    1. “My teacher looked me in the eyes,” Rodriguez recalled, “and said, ‘I can see you’rereally interested in this stuff. You’re free to go.’”

      It's great that teachers were aware of just how important and crucial these actions and movements are. I recall some of the students in my middle school organizing a protest as well many years ago, and witnessing the reactions of different teachers. Some, like Mr. Rodriguez, were supportive and understood the movement, whereas some threatened disciplinary action or consequences for those who would participate in the protests.

    2. With better education, the Chicanocommunity could control its own destiny.

      This just goes to show just how crucial school and education is, as it goes beyond teaching our kids academic subjects such as arithmetic, science, and English. Education is power, control, and mobility. And receiving an education that teaches all the aforementioned while respecting as well as enhancing your heritage and background is more important than people would expect. Oftentimes, people see school as this entity that is detached from home and society---but it's not.

    1. to be as smart and sophisticated as we are.

      Here is a question. If all humans had the same language without any differences, would we become smart and faster or slower in advancing as a species?

    2. The Arabic-Hebrew bilinguals, for their part, showed more positive implicit attitudes toward Jews when tested in Hebrew than when tested in Arabic.

      Extremelly interesting and sad at the same time, language may just as much divide as it unites.

    3. In Mandarin, I would have to specify whether the titular uncle is maternal or paternal and whether he is related by blood or marriage, because there are different words for all these different types of uncles

      I had not clue that was how Mandarin worked, very interesting and difficult apparently.

    4. Speakers of different languages also differ in how they describe events and, as a result, how well they can remember who did what. All events, even split-second accidents, are complicated and require us to construe and interpret what happened.

      Does this mean that witnesses who speak different languages could remember the same accident differently in court? How this could affect the judgment?

    1. Community life

      Not language we have used. What to look at how these are grouped and follow the order of the survey instead. Community Priorities Community Conditions Quality of Life Social Capital

    2. ounty survey

      Need to get consistent with county survey, tell us.

      Recommendation: Mesa Vibe Check by name, a similar county survey in 2022 for tell us

    1. Crystal structure of T-p53C-Y220C in complex with PhiKan083. (A) Ribbon representation of the overall structure of T-p53C-Y220C in complex with PhiKan083 (PDB ID code 2VUK, chain B). PhiKan083 is shown in green as a stick model with its molecular surface. It binds to the mutation-induced cleft on the protein surface that is distant from the known functional interfaces of the protein. The side chain of Cys-220 at the mutation site, which adopts two alternative conformations, is highlighted in orange. (B) Stereoview of the PhiKan083-binding site. p53 residues within a 5-Å distance of the ligand are shown as gray stick models. The protein surface is highlighted in semitransparent gray. (C) FoFc simulated-annealing omit map of PhiKan083 bound to chain B of T-p53C-Y220C contoured at 3.0 . (D) Superposition of T-p53C-Y220C in its free (PDB ID code 2J1X chain B; green) (16) and PhiKan083-bound form (yellow), indicating small structural shifts upon ligand binding. PhiKan083 is depicted as a gray stick model. The small red spheres represent water molecules in the ligand-free structure that are displaced upon ligand binding. (E) In wild-type p53, Tyr-220 blocks part of the Phikan083-binding pocket, as shown for the structure of wild-type core domain (PDB code 2AC0, chain B; cyan) (42) superimposed onto Phikan083-bound T-p53C-Y220C (yellow protein chain and gray PhiKan083 molecule) and free T-p53C-Y220C (green). (F) Docking of Phikan083 to the structure of ligand-free T-p53C-Y220C (PDB ID code 2J1X, chain A, Thr-230 rotamer A; purple) and to the protein chain of the complex structure (yellow) compared with its actual binding mode in the crystal structure of the complex (green). All images were prepared with PYMOL (http://pymol.sourceforge.net)

      Through x-ray crystallography they were able to see the 3D shape of PhiKan083 bound with Y220C p53 mutant. This helped them determine ligand shifts, binding interactons, and how favorable this compound can bind within the cavity.

      Here they were able to clearly represent the binding itherations with Cys220, Tyr220, and Thr230 to show why these interactions in ligand shifts, hydrophoic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and conformation changes.

    2. ost significant shift is observed for the side chain of Thr-150, which is displaced by up to 1.4 Å upon binding, thus widening the entrance of the pocket (Fig. 5D). The occupancy of PhiKan083 in the binding pocket upon soaking is significantly different in the two molecules in the asymmetric unit, even though the architecture of the crystal lattice would suggest a similar accessibility of both sites

      Lastly, and the most important, is that they compared p53 mutant structure before and after compound binding with PhiKan083. They found that most moved a little, but side chain Thr150 shfited by ~1.4 Å. This was determined to have widened the binding cavity allowing PhiKan083 to fit in more favorably.

    3. bond with the main-chain carbonyl of Asp-228 (2.7-Å distance). Only very small structural shifts occur upon ligand binding to the mutant. The residues that are within 5 Å of PhiKan083 (residues 109, 145–147, 150, 151, 220–223, 228–230, and 257) superimpose with a rmsd of 0.3 Å (all atoms).

      They also found that PhiKan083 forms hydogen bonds with residue Asp228 with the N-methylmethanamine group of PhiKan083. This hydrogen boding was detemined to proide a favorable ineraction between te ligand and p53 mutant to stabilize the complex.

    4. Binding would appear to have an important contri- bution from hydrophobic packing interactions. The ethyl group is in close contact to the sulfhydryl group of the mutated residue Cys-220, which adopts two alternative conformations, and a number of hydrophobic side chains (Phe-109, Leu-145, Val-147, and Leu-257), thus anchoring the ligand to the pocket. The planar carbazole ring system is sandwiched between the hydro- phobic side chains of Pro-222 and Pro-223 on one side, and Val-147 and Pro-151 on the other side of the binding cleft. The ring nitrogen sits close to the position of the hydroxyl group of the tyrosine residue in the wild-type structure (1.0-Å distance) (Fig. 5E).

      They hypothesized that an PhiKan083 can occupy the emprty space where the Y220C mutation changed the tyrosine with cysteine. Through this crystal this found that impactful hydrophobic interactions take palce inside the cavity. Fitting in between favorable hydrophoic packing regions with resides Phe109, Leu145, Val147, and Leu257. Its 9-ethyl group was able to extend inside the cystiene residue for this favorable ineraction.

    5. We solved the crystal structure of the T-p53C-Y220C:PhiKan083 complex at 1.5-Å resolution by soak- ing the small molecule into crystals of the mutant (

      They were able to crystalize PhiKan083 and determined a 1.5 Å resolution, which is how we identify how indvidual atoms and amino acids are in binding sites.

      Since the mutation destabilizing the p53 protein packing interactions, this is important for understanding how this PhiKan089 crystaline structure would interact with this mutant.

    6. The kinetics of denaturation of T-p53C-Y220C at 310 K (37°C) was fitted to a simple binding model for PhiKan083 (Fig. 3C). In the absence of ligand, the protein had a half-life of 3.8 min. This increased to 15.7 min at saturating concentrations of PhiKan083

      They utilized scanning calorimetry and found that PhiKan083 increased in melting temperature as its concentration increased. Increasing melting temperature by 2C from approximentately 43C. At 37C, they found that PhiKan083 increased denaturation half-life from 3.8 minutes without the compound to 15.7 minutes at saturating concentrations. Showing it is capable of both thermally stabilizing and binding stabilizing. However, the high compound concentrations remain an issue in therapeutic applications.

    7. We screened a secondary library of PhiKan059 ana- logues based on the carbazole scaffold, which yielded PhiKan083 (Fig. 2) among others with improved binding affinity to T-p53C- Y220C, with a Kd measured by NMR of 167  12 M for PhiKan083

      After finding PhiKan059, they wanted to expand their screening for other molcules that had a similar strucutre but better binding affinity to Y220C mutatant.

      They used the 9H-carbazole scaffold as a base for their screening and found PhiKan083. This compound had a much better dissociation constant of 167uM, improving its binding affinity from PhiKan059.

    8. PhiKan059 (Fig. 2) was discovered to bind to the mutation-induced cleft of T-p53C-Y220C but not to T-p53C

      In the 80 compounds they screened, they identified PhiKan059, that was able to interact with the cavity of the Y220C mutant. Additionally, it did not show the same binding in p53 that did not contain Y220C. However, they determined that a relatively weak average dissociation constant at 213 uM of PhiKan059, having weak binding affinity.

    9. Y220C is the ninth most frequent p53 cancer mutant and accounts for an estimated 75,000 new cancer cases per annum worldwide based on cancer incidence statistics by the World Health Organization and reported mutation frequencies (www-p53.iarc.fr) (17). The mutation creates a surface crevice, and the protein is highly destabilized as a result (16)

      A Y220C p53 mutant is a very common p53 mutation that creates a destablized cavity by a surface crevice where it is responsible for DNA binding and protein interactions. This makes it a relavant mutation to attempt to target for a stabilzing agent.

    10. we generated a total pool of 24.8 million conformers. We applied a series of increasingly more sophisti- cated filters including:

      Performed large-scale screening from the ZINC database to find compounds capable of binding the p53 Y220C mutatant.

      Ended up getting >24.8 million sturcutres and narrowed it down with certain filters. First they checked properties compatible with the p53 mutant cavity going to 13,145 strcutres. Then they used molecular docking sinulations to go down to 421 stuctures. Lastly, they manually sorted these and went to 80 compoiunds for experimental investigation.

    Annotators

    1. Los archivos .gitkeep que puedan encontrar dentro de algunas carpetas sirven para conservarlas vacías en Git y no requieren ninguna acción especial.

      descargué la plantilla y no me aparece ningún archivo .gitkeep. Sugiero verificar si existen y, en caso de que no, eliminar esto

    1. barycentric coordinates

      When normalized, the values \(\mu_0 \mu_1, ...\) act like a system of point masses (or weights) placed at \(A, B\), and \(C\) where \(P\) is their exact center of mass (barycenter) \(\rightarrow\) Color mixing

    1. then it would be easier for advocates of more complete control to argue that Korea could not be changed unless it came fully under Japanese sovereignty—in short, that it be annexed by the Japanese directly, without the mediation provided under the protectorate

      Thus if no collaborators could be found, then direct control would have to contemplated

    2. he game would be decided by the reaction of the Koreans to the reform process and by their participation in it. I

      Korean participation would thus be critical to the success of reform

    3. et guided change would work only if the Japanese could succeed at a task they had failed so far—the forging of a reliable and effective set of Korean collaborators.

      Thus, Ito's guided change would need the direct participation of the Korean people in order to effect (without coercion)

    4. ou must realize that it is more than natural for the people to oppose reform, and from the beginning you must decide to succor the people. by sacrificing yourselves in the execution of affairs.

      Reform would need to take place despite the resistance of the people

    5. Ito made it clear that the reform process would work only with the collaboration of the Koreans themselves.

      Collaboration as a necessity for the Japanese protectorate

    6. ause of the backwardness and weakness of Korea lay not in the inherent character of the Korean people but in the corruption and conservatism of the Korean elite.

      Korean elite had led to the backwardness of its nation

    7. Koreans, who had docilely submitted to Chinese suzerainty for centuries, had not taken advantage of the independence the Japanese had won for them in the Sino Japanese War, and that the Japanese therefore had to step in to help put their country in order.

      Japan would step forward to help put Korea in order

    8. apan had been compelled to turn Korea into a protectorate to guarantee its own security

      Security argument (threat of foreign powers) as a key part of the reasoning for the protectorate

    9. The emperor issued a rescript clearly lodging the right of command over military forces in Korea in the hands of the resident general, who was also empowered to conduct Korea's foreign affairs, to oversee all Korean government business, and to supervise all Korean and Japanese government officials on the peninsula

      Ito would serve as the ruler of the country, with little interference from other bodies, and with full military control

    10. early, the Japanese did not intend to let Kojong pursue the intrigues that had undone them so often before

      Japanese needed to contain the monarch in order to hold control of the country

    11. "Ah, how wretched it is. Our twenty million countrymen have become the slaves of another country! Should we live, should we die! Has not the spirit of our people, enduring for four thousand years; been annihilated in a single night! How wretched it is, how wretched it is! My countrymen, my countrymen!"

      Nationalistic/patriotic appeals to resistance to Japanese occupation

    Annotators

    1. In the absence of an archive, institute, museum, academic journal, or professional arts organization specifically dedicated to the art of the New Deal, ANDA aims to build a commu- nity of New Deal scholarship that focuses on contextualizing and cri- tiquing New Deal art.

      The real work of preservation and study that Congress denied in 1949.

    2. Although the General Services Administration (GSA), established in 1949, is mandated by Congress with the stewardship of federal art, the overwhelming volume and breadth of the New Deal art projects, and limited federal resources, have hindered the development of a national repository or museum devoted to the collection and man- agement of New Deal art.

      Damn, unfortunate. Important to consider as always when moving forward with the reading. Following section mentions the destruction of New Deal art.

    3. As US unemployment numbers significantly declined during World War II, the New Deal’s work relief programs were abruptly de- funded, including its art projects

      How quickly? A few of the referenced works earlier were made to establish post-war unity, why include them if not the pillar of strength in this argument? Why not in this section?

    4. As such, the projects were challenged on all sides: by progressives who demanded that the pro- grams do more to expose economic and racial inequality, by conser- vatives who feared the radicalization of America’s cultural workers, and by gallery owners who worried that the democratization of Ameri- can art would disrupt their control of an art market primarily based in urban centers like New York and primarily focused on elite pa- trons.

      Answer to the earlier question, if it is controversial it is indeed realistically a representation of the artist's mind.

    5. And yet the results were neither as simple nor as propagandistic as these mandates might suggest. In contrast with government arts pa- tronage in Germany, Italy, or the Soviet Union in the 1930s, New Deal art was remarkably pluralistic, surprisingly innovative, and often at odds with more traditional, and hierarchical, understandings of Amer- ican art.

      Do you mean... actual artistic representation??? Crazy! Madness!

    6. As such, the projects largely hinged on rebuilding national unity and restoring national confidence in Amer- ican patterns of capitalism and democracy, both sorely tested by the exigencies of the Great Depression.

      Good phrasing, punchy wording. Usable in a wider context.

    7. The stylistic freedom afforded by the New Deal sustained modern American artistic creativity.

      Sustained is a strong word here, and while the numbers demonstrate a substantial investment and public arts display I am unsure of this figure without a real contrast to works created outside of this structure.

    8. Emphasizing public accessibility and cul- tural diversity, recognizing American artists as workers, and embracing American art as a key tool in the forging of a democratic public cul- ture, an “art for the millions,” New Deal art was wildly successful in terms of volume, audience response, and the futurity of American art.1 The projects generated an estimated 3,350 public murals, 18,000 sculp- tures, 108,000 easel paintings, 250,000 prints, two million posters, 175,000 photographs, 100 community art centers, and the Index of American Design (a multivolume visual encyclopedia of American arts and crafts).

      Real emphasis of the effects of the New Deal/ public funding here.

    9. Public Works of Art Project (PWAP, December 1933 to May 1934), which hired 14,000 artists and produced over 15,000 works, the WPA/ FAP operated until mid-1943 and instigated an unprecedented era of federal funding for American art.

      Essential understanding of the basis of public funding for the arts.

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. Oh you know it is the greatest—the way a Remington Quiet-Riter helps stimulate interest in the young people. Brings out the best in them. <br /> You know something? The minute you get your hands on this wonderful portable, you find yourself with an urge to express yourself! Now that can be mighty important not only in school but in later life too.

    1. eLife Assessment

      Mechanical transduction channels of sensory hair cells possess lipid scramblase activity. Membrane lipid disruption resulting from mechanical transduction is thought to be restored by flippase activities. This fundamental study provides compelling evidence that ATP8B1, a P4-ATP flippase and its subunit TMEM30B, are key in mediating this restorative function in outer hair cells of the mammalian cochlea.