On LibriSpeech, some of the strongest benchmark-performing models reproduced masked numbers in roughly 30–40% of examples, even though the number itself had been removed.
把数字从音频里静音掉，模型照样把原文的数字填回来，这是本文最干净的证伪设计——正确答案在声学上根本不存在，答对只可能来自记忆。这种「构造一个不可能答对的题」的思路，比事后统计污染率有力得多，值得搬到其他模态的评测里。
This is especially true for public benchmarks, which model makers can easily hill climb by simply creating a bunch of RL environments that closely mimic the benchmark tasks.
作者给自己结论留的后门，也是最该记住的一条：公开基准可以用定制 RL 环境直接刷分。于是"开源已追上"的证据强度取决于评测是否私有，而本文所用基准恰恰多为公开——结论方向可信，幅度存疑。
New toxic metal has been found in the air and homes after L.A. fires by [[Megan Fan Munce]], [[Susie Neilson]]
Recherche-Ergebnisse zur PFAS-Verschmutzung in Deutschland, Teilergebnisse des internationalen PFAS-Recherche-Projekts.
Die New York Times zur ersten weltweiten Kartierung der PFAS-Kontaminiation.
Prof Claire J. Horwell 😷. (2021, December 2). With UK regs changing to mandatory #masks, here’s a short 🧵to answer the question: Can you wear a disposable #facemask more than once? The answer is YES. Many manufacturers state that masks should be disposed of after 8 hours but this is not true. Read on to find out why ... 1/ https://t.co/f9jXCKq3LT [Tweet]. @claire_horwell. https://twitter.com/claire_horwell/status/1466400270137630727
CDC. (2020, February 11). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/surface-transmission.html
Moutinho, S., WadmanApr. 30, M., 2021, & Pm, 5:40. (2021, April 30). Is Russia’s COVID-19 vaccine safe? Brazil’s veto of Sputnik V sparks lawsuit threat and confusion. Science | AAAS. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/04/russias-covid-19-vaccine-safe-brazils-veto-sputnik-v-sparks-lawsuit-threat-and
Leatherby, Lauren, and Rich Harris. ‘States That Imposed Few Restrictions Now Have the Worst Outbreaks’. The New York Times, 18 November 2020, sec. U.S. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/11/18/us/covid-state-restrictions.html.
Etilé, F., & Geoffard, P. (2020, November 10). ANXIETY INCREASES THE WILLINGNESS TO BE EXPOSED TO COVID-19 RISK AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN FRANCE. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5ntzc
Landi, F., Marzetti, E., Sanguinetti, M., Ciciarello, F., Tritto, M., Benvenuto, F., Bramato, G., Brandi, V., Carfì, A., D’Angelo, E., Fusco, D., Lo Monaco, M. R., Martone, A. M., Pagano, F., Rocchi, S., Rota, E., Russo, A., Salerno, A., Cattani, P., … Bernabei, on behalf of the G. A. C.-19 G. T. (n.d.). Should face masks be worn to contain the spread of COVID-19 in the postlockdown phase? Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traa085
Chin, A. W. H., Chu, J. T. S., Perera, M. R. A., Hui, K. P. Y., Yen, H.-L., Chan, M. C. W., Peiris, M., & Poon, L. L. M. (2020). Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions. The Lancet Microbe, 1(1), e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30003-3
Don’t touch the T-Zone—How to block a key pathway to infection with SARS-CoV-2. (2020, April 3). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/04/03/dont-touch-the-t-zone-how-to-block-a-key-pathway-to-infection-with-sars-cov-2/
EPA Method 1603 is an approved drinking water assay that quantifies generic E. coli
This drinking water assay contains a membrane (0.45 µm) filtration step to remove bacteria from the water sample prior to enrichment on selective and differential media. The bacteria CFUs are quantified directly on the filter following a lengthy enrichment
most probable number (MPN) method. The MPN is determined by serial diluting the water sample in triplicate or pentaplicate followed by incubation in selective growth media
Water Sources Quality in Urban Slum Settlement along the Contaminated River Basin in Indonesia: Application of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
Komentar umum: