Eine Studie enthält starke Hinweise darauf, dass die globale Erhitzung die Lebenserwartung weltweit schon um 6 Monate verkürzt hat. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000203417/neue-hinweise-zu-den-acht-zutaten-die-20-zusaetzliche-lebensjahre-bringen

• for: life expectancy - ancestors - example
• example
• paraphrase
  • The "Old Man of La Chapelle", is the name given to the remains of a Neanderthal who lived 56,000 years ago,
    • found buried in the limestone bedrock of a small cave near La Chapelle-aux-Saints, in France in 1908.
  • He was found to have had arthritis, bone regrowth along the gums where he lost several teeth.

• for: human life expectancy, life expectancy, life expectancy myth, life expectancy at birth, life expectancy - ancestors
• title: The life expectancy myth, and why many ancient humans lived long healthy lives
• comment
• new insight
  • life expectancy at birth skews our understanding of how the health and longevity of adults. -There is a false claim and belief that due to modern technologies, modern humans have lived far longer than our ancestors in the distant past.
  • In fact, child mortality rates play a major role in calculating life expectancy and this is what differs modernity from our ancestors.
  • Our distant ancestors did live to their 70s and 80s

• for: life expectancy, human life expectancy, life expectancy - myth, life expectancy - ancestors
• paraphrase
  • It is not uncommon to hear talk about how lucky we are to live in this age of scientific and medical advancement
    • where antibiotics and vaccinations keep us living longer, while our poor ancient ancestors were lucky to live past the age of 35.
  • This is not quite true:
    • at best, it oversimplifies a complex issue, and
    • at worst it is a blatant misrepresentation of statistics.
• key question
  • What happened?
    • Did ancient humans really just drop dead as they were entering their prime, or
    • Did some live long enough to see a wrinkle on their face?

• for: life expectancy, human life expectancy, life expectancy - myth, life expectancy at birth, life expectancy - ancestors
• paraphrase
• definition
  • What is commonly known as ‘average life expectancy’ is technically ‘life expectancy at birth’.
  • In other words, it is the average number of years that a newborn baby can expect to live in a given society at a given time.
  • But life expectancy at birth is an unhelpful statistic if the goal is to compare the health and longevity of adults.
  • That is because a major determinant of life expectancy at birth is the child mortality rate
    • which, in our ancient past, was extremely high, and this skews the life expectancy rate dramatically downward.

• for: life expectancy - ancestors
• key insight
• paraphrase
  • in our early ancestors, the early years from infancy through to about 15 was perilous,
    • due to risks posed by disease, injuries, and accidents.
  • But those who survived this hazardous period of life could well make it into old age.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindy_effect

Castro, M. C., Gurzenda, S., Turra, C. M., Kim, S., Andrasfay, T., & Goldman, N. (2021). Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. Nature Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z

Are these all actually related to meritocratic inequality? What other drivers might there be?

Maxmen, A. (2021). Will COVID force public health to confront America’s epic inequality?. Nature, 592(7856), 674-680.

Origin of Lindy's Law or the Lindy effect.

A discussion of the life expectancy of a comic.

What they miss here is that it's easier to produce if you're also consuming a lot of material, particularly in a group. The output is proportion to the input, and at the time there was only so much input that one could take in in a much sparser media market in comparison to 2021.

Covid-19 Isn’t the Only Thing Shortening American Lives. (2021, February 23). Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-02-23/covid-19-isn-t-the-only-thing-shortening-american-lives

Moscrop, A., Ziebland, S., Bloch, G., & Iraola, J. R. (2020). If social determinants of health are so important, shouldn’t we ask patients about them? BMJ, 371, m4150. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4150

van Binsbergen, J. H., & Opp, C. C. (2020). The Effectiveness of Life-Preserving Investments in Times of COVID-19 (Working Paper No. 27382; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27382

Goldstein, J. R., & Lee, R. D. (2020). Demographic Perspectives on Mortality of Covid-19 and Other Epidemics (Working Paper No. 27043; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27043

From the revelations in How Learning Works (p. 79) that value and expectancies drive motivation and how these interact derives from the learning environment, I see that in this situation, we need to build a positive learning environment more via the third and fourth factors listed above (Encouraging learners to learn from each other and acknowledging confusion). Setting learning goals that show the relevance of the coding skills to the learners' future professional existence and our own enthusiasm for the coding, will help us create value and design assessments and activities that are in alignment with the goals. Thus, learners' expectations can be enhanced.