"Work done with a needle; spec. the art or practice of sewing or embroidery. Also: sewn or embroidered items collectively" (OED).

A lady can continue her light needlework during morning calls, but all other activities must be stopped at the entrance of guests.<br> http://www.mrsbeeton.com/01-chapter1.html

" Wonderfully, amazingly; (also) to a great extent or degree; extremely, immensely; prolifically, copiously" (OED).

"A four-wheeled open carriage, usually drawn by a pair of horses" (OED).

"Of persons (or their attributes): Uncivilized, savage; uncultured, rude; also, not accepting, or resisting, the constituted government; rebellious. Sometimes with implication of sense" (OED).

"A chamber or hall immediately between the entrance-door and the interior of a building or house, to which it gives admittance; an ante-chamber, entrance-hall, or lobby" (OED).

"A soldier belonging to the permanent professional armed forces of a country; a member of the regular army" (OED). Wickham has moved from his position in the militia, to a permanent position in the military after his marriage to Lydia.

“Allowed by Authority” Marriages must be recognized by both law and God to be proper (OED).

"A survey or review of past acts or events, esp. with reference to a particular subject or sphere" (OED).

"detestation, hatred, repugnance. Also: a feeling of repugnance or loathing" (OED).

"An earnest or humble request. Also: the action of making such a request; supplication"(OED).

Jane Austen uses the archaic form of entreaty.

"In extended use: a set of opinions or ideas held by an individual or group; a theory or attitude which acts as a guiding principle for behaviour; an outlook or world view" (OED).

"A thought or circumstance that troubles the mind or conscience; a doubt, uncertainty or hesitation in regard to right and wrong, duty, propriety, etc.; esp. one which is regarded as over-refined or over-nice, or which causes a person to hesitate where others would be bolder to act. Often, scruple of conscience" (OED).

"Added, attached, or appended as subordinate or supplementary; subjoined; rendered subject" (OED).

"Laughter" (OED).

"A wife’s pocket money" (Johnson).

"A word or phrase describing someone or something's character or most important quality" (OED).

"To settle definitely" (OED).

"To declare with confidence, to justify" (Johnson).

"Diligently, continually" (Johnson).

"The act of proving true; confirmation, attestation, proof; the action of formally or authoritatively declaring good or true; sanction" (OED).

"To happen to; to become of" (Johnson).

"Before this time, before now, in time past, formerly" (OED).

"To feel extreme disgust and hatred towards, to loathe" (OED).

"Resembling or characteristic of a young lady or schoolgirl" (OED).

"A moral defect or stain, a flaw" (OED).

"Keenness and soundness of judgement" (OED).

Excessive, glaringly showy or tastelessly fine (OED).

The quality of being improper; unsuitable, inappropriate, or unfit (OED).

To be easy to converse with, good-natured; approachable, courteous when dealing with people of equal or lower status (OED).

“ To widen, render more comprehensive (a person's thoughts, sympathies, affections); to expand, increase the capacity of (the mind)” (OED).

“Narrow-minded,without liberal culture, unscholarly; [...] unrefined" (OED).

"To assume or have a certain demeanour or attitude; to comport oneself" (OED).

"Delusive imagination; hallucination = fantasy" (OED).

"Lack of confidence or faith in someone or something; distrust; mistrust, misgiving, doubt" (OED).

"The fact or condition of being mentally perturbed; mental or spiritual agitation or disturbance" (OED).

"An elevation on the earth's surface; a hill" (OED).

"Without reference to locality: a particular but unspecified area, person, or part of a community, esp. regarded as a source of something" (OED).

"Essence (...) or intrinsic nature" (OED).

“A room, more or less elegantly furnished, used for the reception of guests; a drawing-room” (OED).

"Arousing sadness, compassion, or sympathy" (OED).

"Included in the same category" (OED).

"Of a passion, feeling, or appetite: to have or reach a high degree of intensity" (OED).

"The appearance presented by anything" (OED).

"The rank or position of an ensign in the army" (OED).

"Law. The action of entailing; the state of being entailed. The settlement of the succession of a landed estate, so that it cannot be bequeathed at pleasure by anyone possessor; the rule of descent settled for any estate; the fixed or prescribed line of devolution" (OED).

"A gold coin issued in England from 1663 to 1813 and worth one pound and one shilling" (OED).

"Of or pertaining to marriage, or the married state; nuptial, matrimonial" (OED).

"A four-wheeled coach for hire, typically drawn by two horses and with seating for six passengers" (OED).

"In relation to the senses or emotions: keenly, delicately; sharply, intensely, poignantly. Now frequently with aware, conscious" (OED).

"To set free, relinquish, or leave" (OED).

"A barrier placed across a road to stop passage till the toll is paid; a toll-gate" (OED).

"An inspection of military or naval forces; esp. a ceremonial display and formal inspection of troops or the fleet by a monarch, commander-in-chief, or high-ranking visitor" (OED).

"The action or practice of playing games, as cards, dice, etc., for stakes" (OED).

Also known as gambling.

"Tending to cause delay; made for the purpose of gaining time or deferring decision or action" (OED).

"Disregarding commonly accepted rules, deviating freely from correctness, esp. in matters of grammar or literary style; overstepping customary limits" (OED).

"Lowering in honour, estimation, social position, etc.; the state or condition of being so lowered" (OED).

"To set to the credit of; to ascribe or reckon to" (OED).

"Purposes in respect of a proposal of marriage" (OED).

"To qualify or diminish (a pleasure, feeling, etc.) by the admixture of something unpleasant; to contaminate or adulterate" (OED).

"Lacking the qualities, attributes, or accomplishments required to be or do something; not having the necessary qualifications" (OED).

"To drive, force, or constrain (a person) to some action, or to do something, by acting upon his mind or feelings; to urge on, incite" (OED).

"The action of deriding or laughing to scorn; ridicule, mockery" (OED).

"A sudden change or turn of the mind without apparent or adequate motive; a desire or opinion arbitrarily or fantastically formed; a freak, whim, mere fancy" (OED).

"An adverse judgement, unfavourable opinion, hostile criticism; blaming, finding fault with, or condemning as wrong; expression of disapproval or condemnation" (OED).

Connexions - "Relationship by family ties, as marriage or distant consanguinity. Often with a and plural" (OED).

Technically, Mr. Darcy and the Bennet family are from the same class, the gentry, but he has better connections. Mr. Darcy is related to Lady Catherine De Bourgh who holds the highest title a woman can have within the Gentry class. Comparatively, the Bennet's are related to the Gardiners, who are in a class below the gentry, the professional class.

"Agreement of statement or report with the actual fact or facts; accordance with truth; correctness, accuracy" (OED).

"A protestation, an objection; an expression of disapproval or disagreement; a warning against a particular course of action" (OED).

"The fresh green colour characteristic of flourishing vegetation; greenness, viridity" (OED).

"A road on which turnpikes are or were erected for the collection of tolls; hence, a main road or highway, formerly maintained by a toll levied on cattle and wheeled vehicles" (OED).

The Bayswater Turnpike, Paul Sandby, 1731-1809, undated (Artstor).

"An object of disgust; a loathed or detested thing. Also: that which causes hatred or repugnance" (OED).

"Disapproval; the action of feeling or expressing censure; (in later use) esp. strong moral disapproval. Also: an instance of this" (OED).

"Disapproval; the action of feeling or expressing censure; (in later use) esp. strong moral disapproval. Also: an instance of this" (OED).

"An account or detailed description of a fact, incident, etc." (OED).

"To gain (goodwill, esteem, etc.) by acts which soothe, pacify, or induce friendly feeling" (OED).

" A disbelieving frame of mind; unreadiness or unwillingness to believe (statements, etc.); disbelief" (OED).

"An act of avowing; acknowledgement, declaration; unconstrained admission or confession" (OED).

"An order or request for someone to be present; a summons, an invitation" (OED).

"A period of fourteen nights; two weeks" (OED).

"Forcibly or unduly proffered; imposed" (OED).

"Consisting of money; exacted in money" (OED).

"Wasteful expenditure or consumption of money, means, powers, faculties, etc.; squandering, waste" (OED).

"An area planted with trees, esp. for commercial purposes" (OED).

"Reading through or over something" (OED).

"Approval or praise" (OED).

"Licentious or dissolute behavior, debauchery; sexual promiscuity" (OED).

"Feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong" (OED).

"To fail; to miss" (OED).

"A horse-drawn carriage for one or two people, typically with an open top and two wheels" (OED).

"A church house provided for a member of the clergy" (OED).

"An attitude of patronizing superiority; disdain" (OED).

"A place of residence; a house or home" (OED).

Might mean slighting in the sense of straightforward demolition

def: absorb or assimilate (ideas or knowledge) or it could mean def: drink (alcohol) Why is it that every writer is somehow connected to drinking?

def :a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly.

Censure vs. censor...

Express severe disapproval of vs. suppress what is deemed unacceptable....

She frequently uses one and not the other.

def: something that is needed or wanted.

def: knowledge, awareness, or notice.

def: the quality of being sagacious Sagacious Def: having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment; shrewd.

def: lasting for a very short time

information content

descriptive complexity

def: omit (a sound or syllable) when speaking.

: the state of being recalcitrant def of recalcitrant: obstinately defiant of authority or restraint

Interesting word choice in my opinion. Def: shared by or involving three parties.

Additionally used in Theology as to describe humankind having three part: Body, Spirit, and Soul.

A philosophical concept developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in their Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1972–1980) project.

Literally means "the state of being cast off" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjection

Another good way to articulate the mission of posthumanism--challenging distinctions between subjectivities (the arbitrary, "man-made" [?] characteristics we assign to human and nonhuman categories).

this seems to go hand-in-hand with what Professor Rivers said last week in our discussions. There are many ways to define rhetoric, but each definition is also cutting it out and saying what it is not

adj: relating to signs and symbols

Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with what they believe to be a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism

(of the wind) blow

A positive-feedback system is a system in which the output is enhanced when a stimulus is received.

The best example that is used in most science classes at SLU is childbirth. Oxytocin is released when a child places pressure on the cervix for the first time triggering contractions. As the child begins to crown and places more pressure on the cervix, additional oxytocin is released. This triggers even more contractions and eventually the child is born. I apologize for the gross explanation, but it is the best one to explain what the system is.

From the Latin phrase infra dignitatem meaning beneath one; demeaning. First used by Sir Walter Scott in his 1825 novel Redgauntlet

isomorphic: "being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure"

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/isomorphic

"A type of light four-wheeled open carriage, usually drawn by a pair of horses, and having one or two seats facing forward" (OED).

Image of a light phaeton (Two Nerdy History Girls).

"A light two-wheeled one-horse carriage" (OED).

Image of a Standhope-style gig (Wikipedia).

“A small flat piece of bone or ivory used instead of money or for keeping account in games of chance; sometimes made in the form of a fish” (OED).

Fish made from ivory (Austenonly.com):

Other shapes, made of mother-of-pearl (Austenonly.com):

"Used to shield people from the heat of a fireplace….Also used to keep sparks off the floor" (Pool, What Jane Austen Ate…, 308).

Picture of a fire screen from 1788 (Victoria and Albert Museum).

Ablution is defined as, Frequently humorous (with mock formal tone). The action or an act of washing oneself; personal cleansing; bathing" (OED)

After describing Mr. Bingley's love as "violent", Elizabeth explains how much he loved Jane, such as declining other ladies and not replying to Elizabeth, which she suggests are fine "symptoms". What is unique is that she now uses "symptoms" to describe his behavior and many people associate this word as having a negative connotation. This term is defined as, "A phenomenon or circumstance accompanying some condition, process, feeling, etc., and serving as evidence of it (orig. and properly of something evil); a sign or indication of something" (OED)

The use of the word "violent" is very interesting when describing Mr. Bingley's love. This word is defined as, "By or with great force, strength, or vigour; with a violent motion or action; so as to produce a violent or powerful effect" (OED). This definition shows that his love for her is really intense, showing that he's deeply in love with her. Instead of saying that he is deeply in love with Jane, the use of "violent" works in this context because he does end up hurting her emotionally. This is a play on words used by Austen on purpose. With this being said, Mrs. Gardiner states that the phrase is "hackneyed" which defines as "To overuse or make too familiar; (hence) to make trite, banal, or uninteresting, esp. through indiscriminate use" (OED), which again plays with how Mr. Bingley hurt Jane. Both definitions show that Mrs. Gardiner is not fully convinced of Mr. Bingley loving Jane, that it seems fake.

"possessing skill or talent" (OED).

"capability of being easily led or influenced" (OED).

"to form or give an opinion; to judge, pass judgment on" (OED).

"The sum of the moral and mental qualities which distinguish an individual" (OED).

"Good manners and courteous behavior resulting from a good upbringing esp. among the upper classes" (OED).

"Of a thing: having an attractive form or appearance; well-proportioned; elegant, stylish." (OED)

Austen uses "handsome" to describe beauty in the male and female sense

Trade - The practice of making one's living in business, as opposed to in a profession or from unearned income. (OED)

three and twenty years = 23

This number references the 23 years they had been married.

When Mrs .Bennet says Netherfield is "let" she means someone is renting the estate.

"not attacked; not assaulted" (Johnson).

Mayoralty - the office of mayor

Sir William Lucas was mayor of Meryton

"Marriage between members of different families, castes, tribes, nations, or societies, as establishing a connection between such families, etc." (OED).

"Emerge; become known." (OED).

"Done or chosen in accordance with wisdom or prudence; likely to be of benefit." (OED).

"Strong disapproval, typically on moral grounds." (OED).

"A person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, or cause." (OED).

"A respectful form of reference or address to a woman who has a title." (OED).

"A person's face or facial expression." (OED).

"paper which has been pressed between heated metal plates or rollers during manufacture to flatten and smooth the surface" (OED).

"A trick-taking card game for two players, using a 32-card pack consisting of the seven to the ace only" (OED).

"worthy of great respect" (OED).

"A public speech or published text in praise of someone or something" (OED).

"Brisk and cheerful readiness" (OED).

"The chief approach to a country-house, usually bordered by trees; hence, any broad roadway bordered or marked by trees or other objects at regular intervals. Sometimes used of the trees alone, with tacit disregard of the road they overshadow" (OED).

"That which is proper, suitable, seemly, befitting, becoming; fitness, propriety, congruity." (OED)

"A room used for dining or eating supper. Now rare." (OED)

“A round game of cards in which the object is to make the number twenty-one or as near this as possible without exceeding it, by counting the pips on the cards, court-cards counting as ten, the ace one or eleven as the holder chooses”(OED).

“In an arch manner; cleverly, waggishly; with good-humoured slyness or sauciness”(OED).

“Prominent; important, significant; particular”(OED).

“The quality or character of being supercilious; haughty contemptuousness or superiority” (OED).

"A woman's undercoat or under-tunic, analogous to the male petticoat, often padded and worn showing beneath an open gown." (OED)

"A round card-game played by a varying number of players. The cards in three-card loo have the same value as in whist; in five-card loo the Jack of Clubs (‘Pam’) is the highest card. A player who fails to take a trick or breaks any of the laws of the game is ‘looed’, i.e. required to pay a certain sum, or ‘loo’, to the pool." (OED)

Cheapside- more like a marketplace than a street: up to 62 feet wide but with very narrow exits at each end. It is the main shopping centre of the City of London for the past 200 years.

"A highly seasoned dish, usually consisting of meat cut into small pieces and stewed with vegetables" (OED)

"Of persons, their disposition, action, etc. : Adverse to toil or exertion; slothful, lazy, idle." (OED)

"A dose of liquid, a potion" (OED)

"A period of fourteen nights; two weeks" (OED).

The action or process of washing, dressing, or arranging the hair." (OED)

"'In spirits': in a cheerful mood; animated, elated, happy. 'out of spirits': low-spirited" (OED).

"Of a person: behaving according to social norms or polite usage; decorous, well-mannered; correct, respectable (occasionally with implication of stiff formality)." (OED)

"To ‘carry away’ with the strength of some emotion; to cause to be beside oneself, to put into an ecstasy, to enrapture." (OED)

“To settle (land, an estate, etc.) on a number of persons in succession, so that it cannot be bequeathed at pleasure by any one possessor” (OED).

Also spelled casino; "a card game for two to four people" (Pool, What Jane Austen Ate…, 281).

"A card game played by four people with forty cards that was the fashionable predecessor of whist" (Pool, What Jane Austen Ate…, 360).

From “to come out”—when a young woman formally enters adult society, usually at 17 or 18, and is eligible for marriage (Pool, What Jane Austen Ate…, 288).

Also spelled "connections." "Relationship by family ties, as marriage or distant consanguinity" (OED).

"Gold or silver vessels and utensils" (OED).

Inheritance passed down to a child (Johnson).

"Politeness of character, Tenderness, Softness; feminine beauty" (Johnson).

"Of God, the fates, etc.: disposed to be favourable; gracious; merciful, lenient" (OED).

"Of or pertaining to a son or daughter" (OED).

"A thought or circumstance that troubles the mind or conscience; a doubt, uncertainty or hesitation in regard to right and wrong, duty, propriety, etc.; esp. one which is regarded as over-refined or over-nice, or which causes a person to hesitate where others would be bolder to act" (OED).

"To beat, whip; to chastise with repeated blows of a rod or whip"(OED).

Thorough bass, or figured bass, refers to "deep notes on the musical scale. The lowest part in harmonized musical composition" (OED).

“Following the Laconian manner, esp. in speech and writing; brief, concise, sententious. Of persons: Affecting a brief style of speech" (OED).

"In a conscientious manner; in accordance with one's conscience or one's sense of duty; on grounds of conscience; well and thoroughly; scrupulously" (OED).

"A period of seven (days and) nights; a week" (OED).

"Characterized by or full of iniquity; grossly unjust or unrighteous; wicked" (OED).

Apothecary: a person who prepares and gives medicine. Around 1700, they were known as medical practitioners; however, today they are considered druggists or pharmaceutical chemists. (OED)

I have become one of those few in my own personal writing skills.Whenever I come across a word that I do not comprehend or would like to know more about why one selected that word I pull up a new tab and use the definition to understand the writers point of view to understand what message the writer is trying to convey. I had to do this a lot to decipher the meaning of the Haltman text. It has helped the most though; however, during my research on my Gil Scott-Heron AIDS panel. During research I came across a lot of words that made it hard to understand what a writer was trying to say about Scott-Heron's life.

n. "a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair." - Google

Heteroscedasticity is a hard word to pronounce, but it doesn't need to be a difficult concept to understand. Put simply, heteroscedasticity (also spelled heteroskedasticity) refers to the circumstance in which the variability of a variable is unequal across the range of values of a second variable that predicts it.

Within this paragraph, the authors and early founders of UVA made several points on why education was necessary by countering some of the current one-sided beliefs of society, with some key words. Man was not stagnant and his improvements did not need to be a chimaera, or a thing that is hoped or wished for but in fact is illusory or impossible to achieve. The other definition of chimaera is a fire-breathing monster from Greek mythology, which I think can be an interpretation that improvements to one’s morality and state of mind did not need to feel like some huge obstacle that we needed to face, but rather were very possible through knowledge. Then later, they speak about how the effects of education are not some far-fetched, optimistic, or “sanguine” hope, and marketing strategy, but a reality that is backed by proof. I found this all very interesting because, back then, education was still a point of debate, whereas now it’s one the most easily agreed solutions for a various of world problems.

Semiotic - the study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior; the analysis of systems of communication, as language, gestures, or clothing

Perhaps

useless

Translation of the term mujerista

Definition of mestizaje-mulatez

"A piece of candy or a piece of fruit covered with sugar" (Merriam-Webster).

"Spirit of hartshorn, also simply hartshorn: the aqueous solution of ammomnia (whether obtained from harts' horns or otherwise). salt of hartshorn: carbonate of ammonia; smelling salts" (OED). A hart is another term for stag or deer.

Smelling salts are "a preparation of carbonate of ammonia and scent for smelling, used as a restorative in cases of faintness or headache" (OED).

According to the OED, rubber refers to "A set of games (usually three or five), the last of which is played to decide between the opponents when each has won an equal number; (hence) the winning of more than half the individual games by one side" (OED).

This phrase altogether indicates that Lady Middleton was partaking in a card game upon hearing the news of Marianne.

"Want of adaptation to some purpose, or to the circumstances of the case; unfitness, unsuitableness; incapacity, inability." (OED).

"A room reserved for reception of company, and to which the ladies withdraw from the dining-room after dinner" (OED).

The drawing-room had feminine decorations compared to the other rooms in a home; which included classically tasteful furnishings and musical instruments" (Drawing rooms, The Regency Town House).

“A room on the uppermost floor of a house; an apartment formed either partially or wholly within the roof, an attic” (OED).

"India and the adjacent regions of South-East Asia. In later use usually: the islands of South-East Asia, esp. the Malay Archipelago" (OED).

A term used to designate a " small country residence... adapted to a moderate scale of living" (OED).

The image below is a still from the 1995 film adaptation of Sense and Sensibility showing the building used to represent Barton Cottage.

Attentive is defined here as heedful; regardful; full of attention. Affection can be described as passion of any kind, and it's followed by the third definition that reads "love, kindness, good-will to some person".

This definition is from the the 1775 Johnson Dictionary. This dictionary is the same one that Austen used, and this is why this would show the significance of the word "attentive" in this context.

The first dictionary definition indicates that it is "a disease suppose to proceed from a rebundance of black bile." The second definition reads "a kindness of madness, in which the mind is always fixed on the object". We see this afflict Marianne throughout the duration of the novel, but the third recorded definition fits Colonel Brandon best: "A gloomy, pensive, discontented temper". This word was more frequently used as a noun, not an adjective.