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In 2023, the reported global installed capacity of FPVwas 2.55 GWp and practical potential electricity generationfrom FPV might be able to produce up to 9434 TWh year−1with 30% array coverage on >100,000 reservoirs.
This sentence provides a global overview of floating solar installations and the number of reservoirs, grounding the research in a broader spatial context.
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The ponds used in this study havealmost no watershed and are not connected to a stream orriver, thus limiting inputs of organic matter and nutrients fromoutside the ecosystem
This sentence describes the unique hydrological features of the study pond, highlighting the specific local setting of the research.
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Sustainability trade-offs of FPV in aquatic ecosystems aredriven by a range of interactive factors, and the goal of net-zeroemissions is affected by biogeochemical processes on land andin water.
Saying that land and water-based biogeochemical processes affect sustainability and net-zero goals reflects broader environmental systems science.
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Shifts in primaryproducer abundance and dominance following FPV installationmight influence GHG cycling in several ways, including byaltering rates of photosynthesis and CO2 uptake,51,52 loading oforganic matter to the sediment,29 and mixing and stratificationdynamics.
This sentence is grounded in ecological biogeochemistry, since it connects changes in primary producers to shifts in greenhouse gas cycling.
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Changes in sediment and watercolumn respiration also will be reflected in water column GHGdynamics (e.g., increased concentrations of CO2 and CH4following panel installation) and air−water GHG ex-change.
The idea that sediment and water column respiration influence gas concentrations comes from well-established knowledge in lake ecology and physical biogeochemistry.
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The sum of GHG effectsassociated with FPV can be represented by air−water GHGexchange that integrates GHG dynamics taking place withinthe waterbody
Explaining greenhouse gas behavior in water bodies through air-water exchange is based on biogeochemical science — it's a key part of how we understand these systems.
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GHG emissions associated with water-use change duringand after FPV installation require different considerations andaccounting than for terrestrial PV
This sentence draws from knowledge in aquatic ecosystems and Earth system science, since it looks at how FPV installations might change water use and affect greenhouse gas emissions
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following FPV deployment, ponds with FPV becamecolder than ponds without and tended to have more uniformtemperatures throughout the water column (Figure S1).
They’re considering how this particular site reacts to temperature changes, based on local physical and chemical conditions. That shows good awareness of the place-based context
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Experimental Ponds facility to estimate an annual pondemission enrichment of 151.3 g of CO2-eq m−2 year−1 forponds with FPV.
The data comes from a specific site, so it’s clearly grounded in a real place, not just theory.
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We can combine the average difference in GHG emissions inponds with and without FPV determined here with apreviously published annual GHG budget for the Cornell
The data comes from a specific site, so it’s clearly grounded in a real place, not just theory.
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Ebullitive CH4 emissions were onaverage nearly twice as high in ponds with FPV (0.21 ± 0.04mmol CH4 m−2 h−1) compared to ponds without FPV (0.11 ±0.02 mmol CH4 m−2 h−1) following FPV installation (p =0.031; Figure 5).
The increase in CH₄ ebullition is based on existing knowledge of methane production mechanisms in ecosystems.
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Gas transfer velocities (i.e., k600values) in the FPV-covered center of ponds were 4 times lowerfor CO2 (1.27 ± 0.18 cm h−1) and 3 times lower for CH4 (1.42± 0.59 cm h−1) than open pond centers in ponds without FPV(5.42 ± 2.23 and 4.25 ± 1.22 cm h−1 for CO2 and CH4respectively; Table S3), though these differences were notstatistically significant (p = 0.157 for k600CO2 and p = 0.107 fork600CH4), most likely due to the relatively small sample size.
The concept of gas transfer velocity reflects the theoretical knowledge framework regarding GHG exchange between the atmosphere and aquatic systems.
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In both treatments, CH4 dynamics followed seasonalpatterns, with the highest concentrations occurring duringwarm summer months
Seasonal variation in CH₄ concentration is based on established ecological knowledge.
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Ebullitive CH4 fluxesfollowed typical seasonal patterns in ponds both with andwithout FPV
The seasonal CH₄ flux pattern reflects biogeochemical knowledge.
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wind speed was determinedby correcting wind speed data from the Ithaca-Tompkinsweather station (NOAA Station WBAN-94761), which islocated ∼2 km from the experimental ponds, using a previouslyestablished correction factor.
This refers to the spatial distance information used to apply external weather data to the pond experiment site.
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We sampled 16 ponds at theCornell Experimental Ponds Facility in Ithaca, NY, USA, insummer 2022 to identify six ponds that were most similarbased on the plant community, temperature, dissolved oxygen,pH, conductivity, dissolved nutrients, and dissolved GHGconcentration
Geographic information such as the specific location of the study site and the number of ponds is included.
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We deployed FPV arrays on constructed ponds at the CornellExperimental Pond Facility in New York, USA in summer2023 (Figure 1).
The study clearly describes the location and timing of the research.
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CH4 ebullition from small waterbodies is also controlled byfactors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and organicmatter availability that are likely affected by FPV installa-tion.
This sentence applies established expert knowledge of the biogeochemical factors influencing methane ebullition in small water bodies.
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Production and consumption of CO2 and CH4 in ponds,lakes, and reservoirs are dependent on dissolved oxygen,temperature, and the balance between primary production andrespiration
This sentence draws on biogeochemical knowledge of carbon and methane cycling in ponds, lakes, and reservoirs.
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Energy production technologies require land and can alterlandscape GHG emissions,16−20 which may be particularlyimportant when considering the carbon cost of renewableenergy production from technologies touted as low carbon.
This sentence reflects established environmental engineering and Earth system science knowledge that energy technologies influence greenhouse gas emissions through land use changes.
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FPVdeployment may alter greenhouse gas (GHG) production and emissions fromwaterbodies by changing physical, chemical, and biological processes, which canhave implications for the carbon cost of energy production with FPV.
This sentence is based on established ecological and geochemical knowledge that physical, chemical, and biological processes in aquatic ecosystems are linked to greenhouse gas emissions.
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Demir and Taşkın (2013) conducted the LCA of a con-ceptual wind farm at a designated area in Turkey with highwind potential.
The study is based on the wind resource characteristics specific to Turkey.
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the results of this study were compared withsimilar studies specific to Turkey and findings of the reviewstudies.
It reflects the regional characteristics of Turkey.
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the manufacturing location is changed to the Aegean regionof Turkey, and these parts are transported to construction siteby trucks covering a distance of 600 km.
It includes information on specific regions in Turkey and transportation distances.
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Caduff et al. 2012 states that environmental impact pergenerated energy decreases as the turbine gets bigger.
Existing studies have examined the relationship between turbine size and environmental impact.
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Capacity factor is an important variablewhich defines the total energy production of the wind farmand hence affects the environmental impacts directly.
The capacity factor is widely recognized as a key variable influencing the environmental impact of wind energy systems.
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Another importantresult of the mentioned review is that impacts due to trans-portation have minor contributions on the total burdens(Arvesen and Hertwich 2012)
There is a general consensus in the literature that transportation contributes minimally to the overall environmental impact of wind power.
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According to this review, for onshore wind farms,production of turbine components cause most of the emis-sions, which is in line with the results of this study as givenin Fig. 3 (Arvesen and Hertwich 2012)
Previous studies have identified turbine manufacturing as the primary source of emissions in wind power systems.
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Arvesen and Hertwich (2012) conducted an extensiveliterature review on LCA of energy generation from windpower by investigating 44 cases.
It summarizes the existing body of knowledge regarding the life cycle assessment (LCA) of wind power.
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From another point of view the following evaluations arederived for the manufacturing and installation phase. Use ofnon-renewable energy sources, in other words, use of coal,natural gas and crude oil are the main contributors of ADPfossil. The main reasons for AP are nitrogen oxide and sul-phur dioxide emissions to atmosphere. Emission of nitrogenoxides to atmosphere, on the other hand, is mainly responsiblefor EP. Trichlorofluoromethane and dichlorotetrafluoroethane
The theoretical understanding of the roles of air and water pollutants in each impact category reflects the established systematic knowledge in environmental engineering.
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Razdan and Garrett(2015) found similar environmental credits for impacts as92% of the steel, aluminium and copper originating from thewind farm was recycled, and the rest was sent to a landfillafter dismantling.
The results are supported by examples from other studies.
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In another study dealingwith the whole life cycle stages of a wind farm, foundationwas not dismantled, all of the composite rotor wastes weresent to incineration; glass content was directed towards alandfill; and 20% of the rest was recycled (Xu et al. 2018).
The comparison of resource recovery and impact outcomes is based on knowledge from full life cycle studies of wind power plants.
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A cra-dle-to-grave LCA study performed on a 50-MW onshorewind plant with a 20-year lifetime showed similar negativeimpacts for decommissioning phase (Garret and Ronde,2013)
The environmental impacts of the decommissioning phase are explained by referencing knowledge from previous LCA studies.
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The wind farm is an onshore facility located in the Marmararegion near Istanbul.
The sentence reveals that the wind power plant under investigation is located in the Marmara region near Istanbul, Turkey, thus indicating that the research is situated within a specific geographical context.
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Characterization factors in CML 2001 methodologyare adopted to convert the flows into impact categories(Guinée et al. 2002)
CML 2001 is a widely used knowledge system in environmental impact assessment, and the adoption of this framework in the present study to convert flow data into impact categories indicates the study’s grounding in an established body of knowledge.
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In this sense, this study is the first one thatmodels the data obtained directly from an actual Turkishwind farm.
This sentence emphasizes the localized nature of the data used in the study.
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As of the end of 2019, Turkey has 198wind power plants with a total installed capacity of 8056MW in operation (TWEA 2020).
Also presents spatially specific data that characterize Turkey’s wind energy infrastructure.
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According to the data presented by theTurkish Wind Energy Association, currently 7.42% of thetotal Turkish electricity generation is originating from windfarms (TWEA 2020).
Provides statistical data specific to Turkey, contributing to understanding the local context of energy generation.
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The 2015–2019 strategic plan prepared by theTurkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources statesthat financial incentives will be taken to encourage renew-able energy investments in Turkey (MoENR 2017).
Refers to specific national policies and plans that relate to Turkey’s geographical and political context.
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Along withobtaining environmental performances of energy technolo-gies, LCA studies aid lowering the unwanted environmentalimpacts (Strantzali and Aravossis 2016), examining environ-mental trade-offs (Modahl et al. 2012) and evaluating decar-bonization potentials (Ramirez et al. 2020).
This sentence highlights the established knowledge about LCA’s capabilities(how it supports understanding trade-offs and environmental performance), thus representing the field’s conceptual framework.
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Although there are literature involving theenvironmental impacts of wind farms (Garrett and Rønde2013; Rashedi et al. 2013; Uddin and Kumar 2014; Var-gas et al. 2015) through LCA methodology as well as com-prehensive reviews of LCA of wind energy (Arvesen andHertwich 2012; Davidsson et al. 2012), it is a well-knownfact that obtaining reliable results depends on the usage ofsite-specific data.
This sentence discusses the scholarly consensus about LCA’s dependency on accurate, localized data, indicating a core component of LCA knowledge systems.
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Application of LCA methodology on various processes/products/services is known to create fruitful outcomes thatwill guide the decision-makers, manufacturers, researchersin developing sound strategies to lower the unfavour-able environmental impacts of such activities.
This sentence reflects the knowledge system of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a scientific approach applied broadly across sectors to understand and mitigate environmental impacts.
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The facility in question is an onshore wind farm located in Turkey with a total installed capacity of 47.5 MWconsisting of 2.5 MW Nordex wind turbines.
It provides location-specific information about the wind farm in Turkey, demonstrating local geographical knowledge.
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Therefore, it is beneficial to employ holistic methodologiessuch as life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the pos-sible trade-offs between different impact categories.
This sentence references a specific knowledge system (LCA) used to understand and evaluate environmental impacts, fitting the definition of a body of knowledge.
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Respect entails an understanding of the socioec-ological context of research as it relates to people and place.
It specifies the importance of understanding the research context as place-based.
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There may be other considerations thatare context-specific to a particular culture, such as resourcestewardship institutions or responsibilities that have beendeveloped through years of experience and practice (Turnerand Berkes 2006; Reid et al. 2020)
It describes locally grounded experiences and institutions related to resource management.
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scientists must recog-nize that Indigenous peoples have rights to self-determination,which extends to research partnerships and the creation anddissemination of new knowledge.
The right to self-determination and sovereignty over knowledge production is related to the subjectivity of knowledge systems.
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There is often an assumption –one we wish to avoid perpetuating here – that IK must be sub-sumed within Western scientific frameworks of knowledge,which can force Indigenous peoples to express themselves inways potentially contradictory to their own value and belief sys-tems (Nadasdy 1999). This practice can distort the accuracy andapplicability of IK, and is harmful to Indigenous ways of being.
It discusses the issues and conflicts arising from Western scientific centrism infringing upon the epistemology of IK.
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Collaborative research with Indigenous partners requiresrecognition that science and scientists have in the past and con-tinue at present to (1) impose harm on Indigenous peoples; (2)discount IK; and (3) inappropriately reproduce, apply, or other-wise use information derived from IK (Pierotti 2012; Berkes2018)
It includes a reflection on how scientific knowledge has historically treated IK, addressing the power dynamics between knowledge systems.
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Those seeking collaborations should be acutely aware thatclear tensions exist between IK and Western science epistemolo-gies.
It points out the fundamental differences between Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and the epistemology of Western science.
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Manyterritories in which cultural and knowledge transmission isongoing also tend to be remote and biodiverse, which posi-tion these title holders (that is, legal owners of land in thecontext of Indigenous laws) as natural biodiversity specialists(Figure 5; Garnett et al. 2018
Describes a knowledge base accumulated through residence in specific areas (remote or biodiversity-rich locations).
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This knowledge was in part derivedfrom how the area’s Haíɫzaqv people related to wolves; people ofthe territory also differ, depending on whether lineages originatefrom mainland or island areas.
Demonstrates the place-based cultural and ecological relationships of the Haíɫzaqv people.
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Relational understanding was showcased in an example fromcoastal British Columbia, where IK holders shared knowledge oftwo wolf (Canis lupus) forms, locally referred to as “timberwolves” of the mainland and “coastal wolves” of the immediatelyadjacent offshore islands
Knowledge based on species diversity and local experience in a specific geographical location (the coast of British Columbia).
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The conclusions drawn from IK have interdisciplinary rele-vance as well.
It states that IK functions as a multidisciplinary value system and knowledge framework.
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Knowledge holders acrossdistinct cultures and environments accumulate information innumerous ways, including harvesting, observation, animalhusbandry, and experimentation, all supplemented by teach-ings from oral histories and cultural practices (Turner et al.2000; Berkes and Berkes 2009)
It outlines the structure of knowledge in IK, including specific methods of accumulation such as harvesting, observation, and experimentation.
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Research at the IK–science interface can benefit from thediversity inherent in IK approaches
The diversity of IK approaches is considered a knowledge characteristic in and of itself.
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Suchrecognition of system complexity (including synergistic and con-founding variables) is characteristic of IK, with the holistic viewsof ecosystems stemming in part from “relational” understandingsamong ecosystem components, including humans (Cajete 1995;Turner et al. 2000; Atleo 2011
An ecological understanding centered on complexity and relationships within systems is identified as a core knowledge feature of IK.
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considered by science, a reality supported by the fact thatIndigenous peoples themselves regularly form and testhypotheses (Cajete 1995; Atleo 2011).
It explicitly refers to "Indigenous ways of knowing" and describes their ability to form predictions and hypotheses as part of a knowledge system.
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Hypotheses constructed within the borders of scientificknowledge may be limited in complex or little-studied systems, aconstraint IK can address.
It explains the limitations of scientific knowledge and the systematic potential of IK to complement them.
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Indigenousways of knowing can shape and detail predictions not
It explicitly refers to "Indigenous ways of knowing" and describes their ability to form predictions and hypotheses as part of a knowledge system.
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Insights from IK can be relevant at many stages of theresearch process, including but not limited to project con-ceptualization and hypothesis development.
It emphasizes the role of IK in research design and hypothesis development, highlighting its function as a knowledge system.
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IK is often closely rooted in human survival and relation-ships between people and nature, and may furthermoretightly couple knowledge accumulation with cultural respon-sibility (Reid et al. 2020)
It describes the underlying philosophy and structure of IK, including how knowledge is accumulated and integrated with cultural responsibilities.
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IK and science can share common properties andoffer complementary conceptual underpinnings
It explains the shared characteristics and conceptual foundations of IK and science, discussing the structural nature of both knowledge systems.
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Anexample of how IK can provide information about healthand body condition comes from East Africa. In Kenya andSouth Sudan,
It applies place-based veterinary knowledge to the East African region.
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Eckert et al. (2018), forinstance, quantified size changes in yelloweye rockfish(Sebastes ruberrimus) based on historical accounts from theHaíɫzaqv, Kitasoo/Xai’xais, Nuxalk, and Wuikinuxv peoplesof western Canada.
It is place-based biological knowledge about a specific marine ecosystem in western Canada.
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In the meridianAmazon of Brazil, dos Santos and Antonini (2008), in docu-menting Enawene-Nawe knowledge of stingless bees, foundthat IK holders could discriminate among 48 different spe-cies and specify the ecological niche of each species.
It is region-specific identification knowledge of certain biological species in the Amazon region.
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Lee et al. (2018) coupled historical observations from theHaíɫzaqv First Nation of British Columbia with zooarchaeo-logical and scientific data to estimate northern abalone(Haliotis kamtschatkana) abundance on the Pacific coast ofCanada from the Holocene to the present.
It refers to information tied to a specific time and place (past to present, in British Columbia).
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Polfus et al. (2014) developed habitatmodels for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)based on IK from the Taku River Tlingit First Nation ofnorthern British Columbia, and showed a high degree ofsimilarity between resource selection functions (RSF) thatestimated habitat use derived from IK and collared caribou.
It describes a specific methodology involving the development of a habitat model using IK. / It utilizes place-based information about habitats in a specific region (northern British Columbia).
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in HaíɫzaqvTerritory (coastal British Columbia), explic-itly guided by the Gvi’ilas (customary law) ofthe Haíɫzaqv people. The approach combinedHaíɫzaqv cultural values with their knowl-edge of bears, salmon, and people in animportant large watershed.
It clearly addresses the place-based knowledge of a specific region (Haíɫzaqv territory, including the ecology of bears and salmon).
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Place- basedknowledge of bear ecology guided theresearch design by informing the spatial
It incorporates field-based knowledge into research design and uses non-invasive methods (e.g., hair snares), as well as place-based information about specific habitat areas.
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Drawing on millennia-old accumulation of knowledge andits contemporary recognition by others, IK has informed,enhanced, and complemented the study of ecology, evolu-tion, and related fields (Figure 2)
They explain the intellectual role of IK in complementing and understanding existing scientific fields such as ecology and evolutionary biology.
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IK has been recognizedin the scholarly literature as having enriched understandingof a range of individual-level processes, including behavior(eg Bonta et al. 2017) and habitat selection (eg Polfus et al.2014)
They demonstrate how IK contributes to understanding biological phenomena such as behavior and habitat selection.
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IK has also contributed to the literature on population- toecosystem-level processes.
They show the breadth of knowledge that extends beyond the individual level to populations and ecosystems.
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IK can also address processes at the community and ecosys-tem levels, including interspecific interactions (eg Wehi 2009)and ecosystem function (eg Savo et al. 2016)
They explain how IK contributes to key scientific concepts such as ecosystem functions and species interactions.
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IK has also contributed to understanding related to evolu-tion in many systems.
They explicitly state IK’s contribution to understanding evolution.
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Understanding of physiology can also emerge from long-term observations, including harvesting and preparingplants and animals for food, medicine, shelter, clothes, andmore.
They mention IK’s contribution to knowledge of physiology (metabolism, morphology…)
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IK is distinct from science, localknowledge, and citizen science in that it includes not only directobservation and interaction with plants, animals, and ecosystems,but also a broad spectrum of cultural and spiritual knowledgesand values that underpin human–environment relationships(Berkes 2018)
By distinguishing IK from science, local knowledge, and citizen science, it clearly demonstrates that IK is a complex knowledge system with its own unique characteristics.
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IK in itsbroad scope also includes “Traditional Ecological Knowledge”(TEK) and “Indigenous Ecological Knowledge” (IEK) whenknowledge relates to ecology.
It explains the internal categorization of IK—such as Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK)—within the ecological context, highlighting detailed knowledge types within the knowledge system.
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IK is generally thought ofas a body of place-based knowledges accumulated and transmit-ted across generations within specific cultural contexts.
The use of the term 'place-based' emphasizes the locality and place-oriented nature of IK.
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Application ofthese broad and deep knowledges in a scientific context hasled to many contributions to the literature in ecology,evolution, and related fields
This sentence shows how IK has contributed to various academic disciplines, emphasizing IK as a knowledge system specific to certain fields.
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Despite its millennia-long and continued application by Indigenous peoples to environ-mental management, non- Indigenous “Western” scientific research and management have only recently considered IK.
It indicates that IK has long been used for environmental management, and explains that Western science has only recently come to recognize this knowledge.
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Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is the collective term to represent the many place-based knowledges accumulated across generationswithin myriad specific cultural contexts.
This description shows that place-based knowledge has been accumulated over generations, indicating that Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is an independent system of knowledge in its own right.
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It’s also timely for New York state, where floating solar could be considered as an alternative to terrestrial solar and is the source of debate and exploration.
It presents a clear place-based knowledge by addressing policy and technology discussions in the regional context of New York State.
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three ponds at the Cornell Experimental Pond Facility
This experiment was conducted at a specific site (Cornell Experimental Pond Facility)
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The data is particularly important because much of the floating solar development in the U.S. is currently happening on small lakes and ponds
This sentence emphasizes the regional context of the U.S., particularly the expansion of the technology on small ponds and lakes.
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“If you look at the history of energy transitions – from wood to fossil fuels, for example – everything was based on energy production, and the environment wasn’t taken into consideration
By explaining the historical background of the energy transition and criticizing how past knowledge systems neglected environmental considerations, this sentence proposes a new direction for the evolving body of knowledge.
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“There have been a flurry of papers about floating solar, but it’s mostly modeling and projections,” said Steven Grodsky
This sentence points out that existing studies have mostly been limited to modeling and forecasting, thereby indicating the limitations of current academic knowledge.
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While floating solar – the emerging practice of putting solar panels on bodies of water – is promising in its efficiency and its potential to spare agricultural and conservation lands, a new experiment finds environmental trade-offs.
By highlighting the attention that the technology of floating solar has received for its efficiency and land-saving benefits, this sentence presents the broader academic background surrounding this technology.
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Understanding of physiology can also emerge from long-term observations, including harvesting and preparingplants and animals for food, medicine, shelter, clothes, andmore.
They mention IK’s contribution to knowledge of physiology (metabolism, morphology...)
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IK has also contributed to understanding related to evolu-tion in many systems.
They explicitly state IK’s contribution to understanding evolution.
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IK can also address processes at the community and ecosys-tem levels, including interspecific interactions (eg Wehi 2009)and ecosystem function (eg Savo et al. 2016)
They explain how IK contributes to key scientific concepts such as ecosystem functions and species interactions.
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IK has also contributed to the literature on population- toecosystem-level processes.
They show the breadth of knowledge that extends beyond the individual level to populations and ecosystems.
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IK has been recognizedin the scholarly literature as having enriched understandingof a range of individual-level processes, including behavior(eg Bonta et al. 2017) and habitat selection (eg Polfus et al.2014)
They demonstrate how IK contributes to understanding biological phenomena such as behavior and habitat selection.
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Drawing on millennia-old accumulation of knowledge andits contemporary recognition by others, IK has informed,enhanced, and complemented the study of ecology, evolu-tion, and related fields
They explain the intellectual role of IK in complementing and understanding existing scientific fields such as ecology and evolutionary biology.
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IK is generally thought ofas a body of place-based knowledges accumulated and transmit-ted across generations within specific cultural contexts.
The use of the term 'place-based' emphasizes the locality and place-oriented nature of Indigenous Knowledge (IK).
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Application ofthese broad and deep knowledges in a scientific context hasled to many contributions to the literature in ecology,evolution, and related fields
This sentence shows how IK has contributed to various academic disciplines, emphasizing IK as a knowledge system specific to certain fields.
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IK in itsbroad scope also includes “Traditional Ecological Knowledge”(TEK) and “Indigenous Ecological Knowledge” (IEK) whenknowledge relates to ecology.
It explains the internal categorization of IK—such as Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK)—within the ecological context, highlighting detailed knowledge types within the knowledge system.
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IK is distinct from science, localknowledge, and citizen science in that it includes not only directobservation and interaction with plants, animals, and ecosystems,but also a broad spectrum of cultural and spiritual knowledgesand values that underpin human–environment relationships(Berkes 2018
By distinguishing IK from science, local knowledge, and citizen science, it clearly demonstrates that IK is a complex knowledge system with its own unique characteristics.
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Despite its millennia-long and continued application by Indigenous peoples to environ-mental management, non- Indigenous “Western” scientific research and management have only recently considered IK.
It indicates that IK has long been used for environmental management, and explains that Western science has only recently come to recognize this knowledge.
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Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is the collective term to represent the many place-based knowledges accumulated across generationswithin myriad specific cultural contexts.
This description shows that place-based knowledge has been accumulated over generations, indicating that Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is an independent system of knowledge in its own right.
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Least developed coun-tries should develop and test tools and methods with a global support that direct policy anddecision-making for climate change mitigation, adaptation and early warnings.
It emphasizes the need for policy adoption and tool development in least developed countries, highlighting the necessity of place-specific knowledge.
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Efforts in developing countries aimed at improving institutionaltraining, strengthening institutions and improving capacity of research on climate change willincrease awareness, promote adaptation and sustainable development.
It is a sentence about capacity building in developing countries, illustrating regional disparities and the need for context-specific policy implementation.
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creation of global opportunity through international cooperation that supportsleast developed and developing countries towards the accessibility of renewable energy, energy ef-ficiency, clean energy technology and research and energy infrastructure investment will reduce thecost of renewable energy, eliminate barriers to energy efficiency (high discount rate) and promotenew potentials towards climate change mitigation.
It specifically mentions least developed and developing countries, demonstrating an awareness of national and regional conditions.
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Nevertheless, the cost, price, political environment and market conditions have becomebarriers preventing developing, least developed and developed countries to fully utilize its poten-tials.
It distinguishes between developed countries, developing countries, and least developed countries, and mentions the different conditions and barriers specific to each nation.
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It is evident from Figure 5 that a major barrier towards the use of renewable energysource depends on a country’s policy and policy instrument which in turn affect the cost and tech-nological innovations
It reflects the differences of place by highlighting that the main barriers to renewable energy use vary depending on national policies and policy instruments.
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The return-to-renewables will help mitigate climate change is anexcellent way but needs to be sustainable in order to ensure a sustainable future for generations tomeet their energy needs.
It represents fundamental knowledge about the role of renewable energy in climate change mitigation.
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Access concerns need to be understoodin a local context and in most countries there is an obvious difference between electrification in theurban and rural areas, this is especially true in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asian region
It emphasizes that the issue of electricity accessibility should be understood in the local context, which corresponds to knowledge of specific regions.
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Renewable energy sources are evenly distributed around the globe as compared to fossilsand in general less traded on the market.
This part includes regional knowledge about the global distribution of renewable energy sources.
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The United Nations Framework Convention onClimate Change defines climate change as being attributed directly or indirectly to human activitiesthat alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which in turn exhibits variability in naturalclimate observed over comparable time periods
This sentence deals with the knowledge system related to climate change. Since it explains the concept of climate change using the definition provided by the UNFCCC, it falls under bodies of knowledge.
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Wind energy harnesses kinetic energy from movingair.
The principle of wind is explained in this sentence, showing fundamental knowledge of energy physics.
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provide opportunities in energy security, social and economic development, energy access, climate changemitigation and reduction of environmental and health impacts
This sentence presents an overall knowledge system about the impact of renewable energy sources on sustainable development and the opportunities they provide.
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energy security is based on the idea that there is a continuous supplyof energy which is critical for the running of an economy
The concept of energy security and its importance in economic operations is explained, addressing fundamental knowledge in the field.
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Geothermal gradient averages about 30 °C/km.
The average geothermal gradient represents a physical knowledge system related to geothermal resources.
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The yield of biomass and its potential varies from country to country, from medium yields intemperature to high level in sub tropic and tropic countries.
The explanation of regional differences in biomass yield reflects a systematic knowledge of geographic energy resources.
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Bioenergy is a renewable energy source derived from biological sources.
The basic concept and sources of bioenergy are explained, forming an established knowledge system in the field.
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The ocean stores enough en-ergy to meet the total worldwide demand for power many times over in the form of waves, tide,currents and heat.
The theoretical abundance of ocean energy resources corresponds to a knowledge system related to energy resources.
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The greater part of thispotential is located in South America and Caribbean (47–221 EJ/year), sub-Saharan Africa (31–317 EJ/year) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S) and Baltic states (45–199 EJ/year).
Knowledge about the regional potential of bioenergy clearly corresponds to knowledge of regional energy resources.
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There are areas of the earth’s interior which areaccessible by drilling, and where the gradient is well above the average gradient
Information about specific areas where geothermal energy can be utilized constitutes place-based knowledge.
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In countries wheresubstantial plants or tree covers are flooded during the construction of a dam, there may be forma-tion of methane gas when plants start rotting in the water, either released directly or when water isprocessed in turbines
This sentence discusses how, during the construction of hydropower plants, vegetation and tree cover may be submerged depending on regional characteristics, potentially leading to methane formation.
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Hydropower generation does not produce greenhouse gases and thus mostly termed as a greensource of energy.
This sentence represents an overall understanding of hydropower and explains the knowledge system that classifies hydropower as “green energy” because it does not produce greenhouse gases.
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Renewable technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these re-sources decreases environmental impacts, produces minimum secondary waste and are sustaina-ble based on the current and future economic and social needs.
This sentence explains the characteristics and effects of renewable energy technologies. As it deals with the knowledge system related to renewable energy, it can be classified as a body of knowledge.
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Hydropower technologies are technically mature and its projects exploit a resource that vary tem-porarily. The operation of hydropower reservoirs often reflects their multiple uses, for example floodand drought control (Asumadu-Sarkodie, Owusu, & Jayaweera, 2015; Asumadu-Sarkodie, Owusu, &Rufangura, 2015), irrigation, drinking water and navigation (Edenhofer et al., 2011). The primaryenergy is provided by gravity and the height the water falls down on to the turbine. The potentialenergy of the stored water is the mass of the water, the gravity factor (g = 9.81 ms−2) and the headdefined as the difference between the dam level and the tail water level. The reservoir level to someextent changes downwards when water is released and accordingly influences electricity produc-tion.
As it presents technical knowledge about the principles, history, and design of hydropower technology, it falls under bodies of knowledge.
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Hydropower generation technical annual potential is 14,576 TWh, with an estimated total capacitypotential of 3,721 GW;
As it presents knowledge about the theoretical and technical potential of hydro resources as energy resources, it falls under bodies of knowledge.
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news.cornell.edu news.cornell.edu
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It’s also timely for New York state, where floating solar could be considered as an alternative to terrestrial solar and is the source of debate and exploration.
It presents a clear place-based knowledge by addressing policy and technology discussions in the regional context of New York State.
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three ponds at the Cornell Experimental Pond Facility
This experiment was conducted at a specific site (Cornell Experimental Pond Facility)
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The data is particularly important because much of the floating solar development in the U.S. is currently happening on small lakes and ponds
This sentence emphasizes the regional context of the U.S., particularly the expansion of the technology on small ponds and lakes.
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“If you look at the history of energy transitions – from wood to fossil fuels, for example – everything was based on energy production, and the environment wasn’t taken into consideration
By explaining the historical background of the energy transition and criticizing how past knowledge systems neglected environmental considerations, this sentence proposes a new direction for the evolving body of knowledge.
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“There have been a flurry of papers about floating solar, but it’s mostly modeling and projections,” said Steven Grodsky
This sentence points out that existing studies have mostly been limited to modeling and forecasting, thereby indicating the limitations of current academic knowledge.
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While floating solar – the emerging practice of putting solar panels on bodies of water – is promising in its efficiency and its potential to spare agricultural and conservation lands, a new experiment finds environmental trade-offs.
By highlighting the attention that the technology of floating solar has received for its efficiency and land-saving benefits, this sentence presents the broader academic background surrounding this technology.
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www.tandfonline.com www.tandfonline.com
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Least developed coun-tries should develop and test tools and methods with a global support that direct policy anddecision-making for climate change mitigation, adaptation and early warnings.
It emphasizes the need for policy adoption and tool development in least developed countries, highlighting the necessity of place-specific knowledge.
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Efforts in developing countries aimed at improving institutionaltraining, strengthening institutions and improving capacity of research on climate change willincrease awareness, promote adaptation and sustainable development.
It is a sentence about capacity building in developing countries, illustrating regional disparities and the need for context-specific policy implementation.
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creation of global opportunity through international cooperation that supportsleast developed and developing countries towards the accessibility of renewable energy, energy ef-ficiency, clean energy technology and research and energy infrastructure investment will reduce thecost of renewable energy, eliminate barriers to energy efficiency (high discount rate) and promotenew potentials towards climate change mitigation.
It specifically mentions least developed and developing countries, demonstrating an awareness of national and regional conditions.
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Nevertheless, the cost, price, political environment and market conditions have becomebarriers preventing developing, least developed and developed countries to fully utilize its poten-tials.
It distinguishes between developed countries, developing countries, and least developed countries, and mentions the different conditions and barriers specific to each nation.
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It is evident from Figure 5 that a major barrier towards the use of renewable energysource depends on a country’s policy and policy instrument which in turn affect the cost and tech-nological innovations
It reflects the differences of place by highlighting that the main barriers to renewable energy use vary depending on national policies and policy instruments.
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The return-to-renewables will help mitigate climate change is anexcellent way but needs to be sustainable in order to ensure a sustainable future for generations tomeet their energy needs.
It represents fundamental knowledge about the role of renewable energy in climate change mitigation.
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Renewable energy sources are evenly distributed around the globe as compared to fossilsand in general less traded on the market.
This part includes regional knowledge about the global distribution of renewable energy sources.
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Access concerns need to be understoodin a local context and in most countries there is an obvious difference between electrification in theurban and rural areas, this is especially true in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asian region
It emphasizes that the issue of electricity accessibility should be understood in the local context, which corresponds to knowledge of specific regions.
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The United Nations Framework Convention onClimate Change defines climate change as being attributed directly or indirectly to human activitiesthat alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which in turn exhibits variability in naturalclimate observed over comparable time periods
This sentence deals with the knowledge system related to climate change. Since it explains the concept of climate change using the definition provided by the UNFCCC, it falls under bodies of knowledge.
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Hydropower generation technical annual potential is 14,576 TWh, with an estimated total capacitypotential of 3,721 GW;
As it presents knowledge about the theoretical and technical potential of hydro resources as energy resources, it falls under bodies of knowledge.
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energy security is based on the idea that there is a continuous supplyof energy which is critical for the running of an economy
The concept of energy security and its importance in economic operations is explained, addressing fundamental knowledge in the field.
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provide opportunities in energy security, social and economic development, energy access, climate changemitigation and reduction of environmental and health impacts
This sentence presents an overall knowledge system about the impact of renewable energy sources on sustainable development and the opportunities they provide.
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The ocean stores enough en-ergy to meet the total worldwide demand for power many times over in the form of waves, tide,currents and heat.
The theoretical abundance of ocean energy resources corresponds to a knowledge system related to energy resources.
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Wind energy harnesses kinetic energy from movingair.
The principle of wind is explained in this sentence, showing fundamental knowledge of energy physics.
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Geothermal gradient averages about 30 °C/km.
The average geothermal gradient represents a physical knowledge system related to geothermal resources.
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The yield of biomass and its potential varies from country to country, from medium yields intemperature to high level in sub tropic and tropic countries.
The explanation of regional differences in biomass yield reflects a systematic knowledge of geographic energy resources.
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Bioenergy is a renewable energy source derived from biological sources.
The basic concept and sources of bioenergy are explained, forming an established knowledge system in the field.
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There are areas of the earth’s interior which areaccessible by drilling, and where the gradient is well above the average gradient
Information about specific areas where geothermal energy can be utilized constitutes place-based knowledge.
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The greater part of thispotential is located in South America and Caribbean (47–221 EJ/year), sub-Saharan Africa (31–317 EJ/year) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S) and Baltic states (45–199 EJ/year).
Knowledge about the regional potential of bioenergy clearly corresponds to knowledge of regional energy resources.
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In countries wheresubstantial plants or tree covers are flooded during the construction of a dam, there may be forma-tion of methane gas when plants start rotting in the water, either released directly or when water isprocessed in turbines
This sentence discusses how, during the construction of hydropower plants, vegetation and tree cover may be submerged depending on regional characteristics, potentially leading to methane formation.
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Hydropower generation does not produce greenhouse gases and thus mostly termed as a greensource of energy.
This sentence represents an overall understanding of hydropower and explains the knowledge system that classifies hydropower as “green energy” because it does not produce greenhouse gases.
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Hydropower technologies are technically mature and its projects exploit a resource that vary tem-porarily. The operation of hydropower reservoirs often reflects their multiple uses, for example floodand drought control (Asumadu-Sarkodie, Owusu, & Jayaweera, 2015; Asumadu-Sarkodie, Owusu, &Rufangura, 2015), irrigation, drinking water and navigation (Edenhofer et al., 2011). The primaryenergy is provided by gravity and the height the water falls down on to the turbine. The potentialenergy of the stored water is the mass of the water, the gravity factor (g = 9.81 ms−2) and the headdefined as the difference between the dam level and the tail water level. The reservoir level to someextent changes downwards when water is released and accordingly influences electricity produc-tion.
As it presents technical knowledge about the principles, history, and design of hydropower technology, it falls under bodies of knowledge.
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Renewable technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these re-sources decreases environmental impacts, produces minimum secondary waste and are sustaina-ble based on the current and future economic and social needs.
This sentence explains the characteristics and effects of renewable energy technologies. As it deals with the knowledge system related to renewable energy, it can be classified as a body of knowledge.
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- Mar 2025
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bias: towards property graph / LPG
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www.linkedin.com www.linkedin.com
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Reply to Gertina Blanket on LinkedIn:
Jij legt in één klap uit datgene wat ik nooit goed heb begrepen uit de literatuur... Het verschil tussen interleaving en varied practice (die vaak als hetzelfde worden gebruikt in de "volksmond").
Het een gaat over verschillende hoeken kijken naar hetzelfde idee (varied practice) terwijl het ander gaat over verschillende maar soortgelijke ideëen (interleaving), bijvoorbeeld meerdere soorten wiskunde (algebra, trigonometrie, etc.).
Hierbij wil ik uiteraard wel zeggen dat blocked practice niet per se direct toegepast moet worden als het over automatisering gaat -- de cognitieve schemata moeten eerst goed gevormd zijn. Zie ook 4C/ID (Ten Steps to Complex Learning). Ofwel, eerst goede encoding + retrieval (Spaced Interleaved Retrieval, mindmapping, etc.) en dan focus op "drilling" / knowledge fluency.
Het sneller maken / automatiseren heeft geen enkel nut als het begrip er nog niet goed in zit. Dit moet geverifiëerd worden.
Kennis is natuurlijk ook erg interdisciplinair. Ik wordt er extreem blij van als ik een link leg tussen een boek over filosofie en efficiënt leren/onderwijs bijvoorbeeld.
Zo las ik ooit een boek over romeinse oratoren met een misleidende titel "How to Win an Argument" van Marcus Tullius Cicero, vertaald door James M. May, en hierin kwam ik tegen dat de oude Romeinen al door hadden dat LOGICA is wat het brein doet onthouden, en dit hoeft dus geen objective logica te zijn maar meer een correcte reflectie van hoe je eigen geest werkt en verbanden legt.
Dit is direct in lijn met wat ik weet van cognitieve leerpsychologie en mijn klein beetje kennis van neurowetenschap (waar ik dit jaar dieper in wil duiken).
Informatie in isolatie is nooit stevig, het moet zich vastklampen aan ankers en andere kennis (voorkennis eventueel), en de lerende (niet de onderwijzende) moet actief bezig zijn om deze verbanden te leggen.
Zoals ik wel vaker quote van Dr. Sönke Ahrens: "The one who does the effort does the learning."
Als ik een boek lees denk ik automatisch aan hoe ik dit kan relateren aan wat al in mijn second mind (Zettelkasten) zit. Ik denk niet meer linear, alleen maar non-linear. Standaard in verbanden.
Hier wat bronnen (impliciet) genoemd: - Cicero, M. T. (2016). How to win an argument: An ancient guide to the art of persuasion (J. M. May, Trans.). Princeton University Press. - Ahrens, S. (2017). How to take smart notes: One simple technique to boost writing, learning and thinking: for students, academics and nonfiction book writers. CreateSpace. - fast, sascha. (100 C.E., 45:02). English Translation of All Notes on Zettelkasten by Luhmann. Zettelkasten Method. https://zettelkasten.de/posts/luhmanns-zettel-translated/ - Luhmann, N. (1981a). Communicating with Slip Boxes (M. Kuehn, Trans.). 11. - Luhmann, N. (1981b). Kommunikation mit Zettelkästen. In H. Baier, H. M. Kepplinger, & K. Reumann (Eds.), Öffentliche Meinung und sozialer Wandel / Public Opinion and Social Change (pp. 222–228). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-87749-9_19 - Moeller, H.-G. (2012). The radical Luhmann. Columbia University Press. - Scheper, S. (2022). Antinet Zettelkasten: A Knowledge System That Will Turn You Into a Prolific Reader, Researcher and Writer. Greenlamp, LLC.
- Schmidt, J. F. K. (2016). Niklas Luhmann’s Card Index: Thinking Tool, Communication Partner, Publication Machine. In Forgetting Machines: Knowledge Management Evolution in Early Modern Europe (pp. 287–311). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004325258_014
- Schmidt, J. F. K. (2018). Niklas Luhmann’s Card Index: The Fabrication of Serendipity. Sociologica, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1971-8853/8350
Tags
- Marcus Tullius Cicero
- Learning
- Reply
- Schema Automation
- Varied Practice
- Encoding
- Retrieval
- Interdisciplinary Knowledge
- Spaced Interleaved Retrieval
- Teaching
- Interleaving
- Antinet
- James M. May
- Niklas Luhmann
- Ten Steps to Complex Learning
- Schema Formation
- Knowledge Work
- Intellectualism
- Gertina Blanket
- Varied Practice vs. Interleaving
- 4C/ID
- Education
- Zettelkasten
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www.canlii.org www.canlii.org
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Community knowledge and aboriginal traditional knowledge16.1 Community knowledge and aboriginal traditional knowledge may be considered in conducting an environmental assessment.
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- Feb 2025
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stephenanderson.medium.com stephenanderson.medium.com
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it makes it far easier for other people to react to, reflect upon, question, build upon, and inquire
Yes, 100%. This is why I almost always want to have a mechanism for shared participant notetaking in events: whether the chat, a Google doc, slide, or whiteboard: Other people's writing is one of the best springboards for socializing ideas.
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Casey, Robert S., James W. Perry, Madeline M. Berry, and Allen Kent. Punched Cards: Their Applications To Science And Industry. 2nd ed. 1951. Reprint, New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1958. http://archive.org/details/PunchedCardsTheirApplicationsToScienceAndIndustry.
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Begun, George M. “Making Your Own Punched Cards.” Journal of Chemical Education 32, no. 6 (June 1, 1955): 328. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed032p328.
George Begun used a template of "heavy galvanized iron" to drill holes into his 5 x 8" index cards to create his own edge-noted card system for use in his chemistry work. Rather than using commercially made sorting needles, he recommended the use of a ice pick with a dulled point "for safety".
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Edge-Notched Cards: A queryable database...made of paper by [[Soren Bjornstad]]
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- Jan 2025
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It makes a lot of sense to have this different strategy of being rooted in the real physical world and have digital nomads being as like a guild of knowledge workers that seed their specialized knowledge because localism is necessary and good, but it's also not necessarily very innovative. Most people at the local level just keep repeating stuff. It's good to have people coming in from the outside and innovating.
for - insight - good for digital nomads to be rooted somewhere in the physical word - they are like a cosmo guild of knowledge workers - localities tend to repeat the same things - digital nomads as outsiders can inject new patterns - SOURCE - Youtube Ma Earth channel interview - Devcon 2024 - Cosmo Local Commoning with Web 3 - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 2
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utokunifiedtheoryofknowledge.com utokunifiedtheoryofknowledge.com
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for - book - Unified Theory of Knowledge (UTOK) - Gregg Henrique - 2024
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- Dec 2024
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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the third pillar we call Insight
for - third of four pillars of wellbeing - insight - a curiosity driven knowledge of the self - Youtube - Tukdam talk - An Overview Of CHM’s Work On “Well-Being And Tukdam” - Prof. Richard J. Davidson
comment - this insight is specifically about the nature of self as a narrative construction imposed upon a constellation of changing thoughts and emotions - when we gain the insight that the solid-appearing self is constructed on emptiness, research shows that this insight sets the stage for wellbeing to emerge
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- Nov 2024
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forum.zettelkasten.de forum.zettelkasten.de
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I'm reminded of poor online friend Jack Baty who can never seem to settle on a PKM approach, oscillating between 5 or so over the years, including publishing platforms/blogs. It's easy to reply "Don't! There's no greener grass on any side." But that also misses the point, I believe, when in the end one just wants to explore and tinker. And not get stuff done all the time. All that being said, I believe there's hope in simplicity of a Zettelkasten, but maybe that's not what is being searched for 😅
via [[Christian Tietze]] at https://forum.zettelkasten.de/discussion/comment/22076/#Comment_22076
There's tremendous value in keeping a single zettelkasten store of knowledge. Spreading it out only dilutes things and can prevent building. Shiny object syndrome can be a problem as it's often splitting the stores of information and silo-ing them from each other. Unless the shiny object can do something radically different or has a dramatic affordance it's really only a distraction.
But still, sometime the search for either simpler or better serves other needs...
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Dousa, Thomas M. “Facts and Frameworks in Paul Otlet’s and Julius Otto Kaiser’s Theories of Knowledge Organization.” Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 36, no. 2 (2010): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/bult.2010.1720360208.
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In the 1950s and 1960s, information retrieval (IR) theorists drew a distinction between“document retrieval systems” and “fact retrieval systems.” The former, were intendedto retrieve, in response to a user’s query, all documents that might contain informationpertinent to answering that query, while the latter were to lead the user directly tospecific pieces of information – facts – embedded within the documents being searchedthat would answer his or her question. The idea of information analysis clearlyprovided the theoretical impetus for fact retrieval (aka question-answering) systems
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www.zylstra.org www.zylstra.org
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How to Spot Emerging Note Clusters Without Alphanumeric Note Numbering? by [[Ton Zijlstra]] in Interdependent Thoughts
I recall Bob Doto had a video at some point in which he used the local graph to show relationships to find bunches of notes for potentially writing pieces or articles as indicated in Tons' article.
One of the biggest issues with digital note taking tools is that they don't make it easy to see and identify chains of notes which might make for articles, chapters, or books.
Surely there must be some way to calculate neighborhoods of notes from a topological perspective? Perhaps if one imposed a measure on the space to create relative distances of notes?
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notebooklm.google notebooklm.google
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https://notebooklm.google/
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
- Oct 2024
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www.knowledgegraph.tech www.knowledgegraph.tech
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https://www.knowledgegraph.tech/speakers/denny-vrandecic/
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Is "Scoping the subject" a counter-Zettelkasten approach?
Sounds like you're doing what Mortimer J. Adler and Charles van Doren would call "inspectional reading" and outlining the space of your topic. This is both fine and expected. You have to start somewhere. You're scaffolding some basic information in a new space and that's worthwhile. You're learning the basics.
Eventually you may come back and do a more analytical read and/or cross reference your first sources with other sources in a syntopical read. It's at these later two levels of reading where doing zettelkasten work is much more profitable, particularly for discerning differences, creating new insights, and expanding knowledge.
If you want to think of it this way, what would a kindergartner's zettelkasten contain? a high school senior? a Ph.D. researcher? 30 year seasoned academic researcher? Are the levels of knowledge all the same? Is the kindergartner material really useful to the high school senior? Probably not at all, it's very basic. As a result, putting in hundreds of atomic notes as you're scaffolding your early learning can be counter-productive. Read some things, highlight them, annotate them. You'll have lots of fleeting notes, but most of them will seem stupidly basic after a month or two. What you really want as main notes are the truly interesting advanced stuff. When you're entering a new area, certainly index ideas, but don't stress about capturing absolutely everything until you have a better understanding of what's going on. Then bring your zettelkasten in to leverage yourself up to the next level.
- Adler, Mortimer J. “How to Mark a Book.” Saturday Review of Literature, July 6, 1940. https://www.unz.com/print/SaturdayRev-1940jul06-00011/
- Adler, Mortimer J., and Charles Van Doren. How to Read a Book: The Classical Guide to Intelligent Reading. Revised and Updated edition. 1940. Reprint, Touchstone, 2011.
reply to u/jack_hanson_c at https://old.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/1g9dv9b/is_scoping_the_subject_a_counterzettelkasten/
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www.semanticscholar.org www.semanticscholar.org
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We observe significant declines in both website visits and question volumes at Stack Overflow, particularly around topics where ChatGPT excels. By contrast, activity in Reddit communities shows no evidence of decline, suggesting the importance of social fabric as a buffer against the community-degrading effects of LLMs.
Conclusion: LLMs cover certain areas that were before solved by human brainpower on stack overflow, and that is measurable over a period of oct-2021 -> march 2023. Reddit does not show this decline and this is alledged due to social fabric on reddit.
I want to know if it is possible to extract claims from this paper automatically in a way that it integrates certain relations in a knowledge graph, utilizing a system that improves itself.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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what really I was really interested in was the idea that Marx wasn't really Keen or was sort of hostile to the idea of equality which I'm guessing will come as a surprise to many people
for - interesting perspective - Karl Marx - He wasn't principally interested in equality - book - Capitalism: the word and the thing - perspectival knowledge of - Michael Sonenscher - misunderstanding - modern capitalists - misunderstand Karl Marx's work - Michael Sonenscher - Karl Marx and Capitalism - Maximizing each individual's freedom while not trampling on the same aspiration of other individuals within a society
Interesting perspective - Karl Marx wasn't principally interested in equality - Sonenscher offers an interesting interpretation and perspectival knowledge of Karl Marx's motivation in his principal work paraphrase - Marx's thought centered on is interest in individuality and the degree to which in certain respects being somebody who is free and able to make choices about his or her lives and future activities is going to depend on each person's: - qualities - capabilities - capacities - preoccupations - values, etc - For Marx, freedom is in the final analysis something to do with something - particular - specific and - individual w - What matters to me may not matter entirely in the same sort of way to you because ultimately - in an ideal State of Affairs, my kinds of concerns and your kinds of concerns will be simply specific to you and to me respectively - For Marx, the problems begin as is also the case with Rosseau - when these kinds of absolute qualities are displaced by - relative qualities that apply equally to us both - For Marx, things like - markets - prices - commodities and - things that connect people - are the hallmarks of equality because they put people on the same kind of footing prices and productivity - Whereas the things that REALLY SHOULD COUNT are - the things that separate and distinguish people that make each individual fully and and entirely him or herself and - the idea for Marx is that capitalism - which is not a term that Marx used, - puts people on a kind of spurious footing of equality - Getting beyond capitalism means getting beyond equality to a state of effect in which - difference , - particularity, - individuality and - uniqueness - in a certain kind of sense will prevail
comment - This perspective is quite enlightening on Marx's motivations on this part of his work and is likely misconstrued by those mainstream "capitalists" who vilify his work without critical analysis - Of course freedom - within a social context - is never an absolute term. - It is not possible to live in a society in which everyone is able to actualize their full imaginations, something pointed out in the work of two other famous thought leaders of modern history: - Thomas Hobbes observed in his famous work, Leviathan, and - Sigmund Freud also made a primary subject of his ID, Ego and Superego framework. - Total freedom would lead - first to anarchy and then - the emergence within that anarchy of those which possess the most charisma, influence, self-seeking manipulative skills and brutality - surfacing rule by authority - Historically, as democracy attempts to surface from a history of authoritarian, patriarchal governance, - democracy is far from ubiquitous and authoritarian governance is still alive and well in many parts of the world - The battle between - authoritarian governments among themselves and - authoritarian and democratic governments - results in war, violence and trauma that creates the breeding ground for the next generation of authoritarian leaders - Marx's main intent seems to be to enable the individual existing within a society to live the fullest life possible, - by way of enabling and maximizing their unique expression, - while not constraining the same aspiration in other individuals who belong to the same society
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- Karl Marx and Capitalism - Maximizing each individual's freedom while not trampling on the same aspiration of other individuals within a society
- interesting perspective - Karl Marx - He wasn't principally interested in equality - book - Capitalism: the word and the thing - perspectival knowledge of - Michael Sonenscher
- misunderstanding - modern capitalists - misunderstand Karl Marx's work - Michael Sonenscher
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“Personal knowledge management,” or “PKM” as it’s oen called,provides an umbrella under which people of disparate vocations engage indiscourse surrounding not only notes and note-taking, but every niche andnuance of managing information.
Is he poking fun at the PKM space here? This non-definition definition would seem to be a subtle jab certainly.
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academic.oup.com academic.oup.com
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For many years, scientists, including a group of more than 15,000, have sounded the alarm about the impending dangers of climate change driven by increasing greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem change (Ripple et al. 2020).
for - scientists warning - 2024 state of the climate report - adjacency - 2024 US election - Trump - scientists warning - state of the climate - cognitive dissonance - 4P knowledge framework - Johan Rockstrom, Michael Mann, William Ripple, Christopher Wolf, Timothy Lenton, Jillian Gregg, Naomi Oreskes, Stefan Rahmstorf, Thomas Newsome
adjacency - between - 2024 state of the climate report - scientists warning - political polarization - Trump reelection - climate communication - cognitive dissonance - adjacency relationship - The scientists warning are having limited effect as a tool for mass climate communications - The fact that so many people are supporting climate denying candidates like Trump demonstrates the cognitive dissonance and lack of effective climate communications strategy - It is insightful to analyze from 4P knowledge framework: - propositional knowledge - perspectival knowledge - participatory knowledge - procedural knowledge - Every person is situated and located somewhere unique and specific in life - 4 P knowledge is concurrent - When climate scientists communicate propositional knowledge via mass media, it is a kind of broadcast message that can lose salience if the other 3 types of knowledge have a mismatch: - without perspectival knowledge context, the knowledge can have no meaning or priority - without procedural knowledge, the knowledge is theoretical and does not lead to a better life - without participatory knowledge, the receiver feels alienated
Tags
- scientists warning
- climate communications
- 024 US election - Trump - scientists warning - state of the climate - cognitive dissonance
- adjacency - 2024 US election - Trump - scientists warning - state of the climate - cognitive dissonance - 4P knowledge framework
- 2024 state of the climate report
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Local file Local file
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he problem of reading scientific texts seems to lie in the fact that here one needsnot a short-term memory but a long-term memory in order to gain reference pointsfor distinguishing the essential from the unessential and the new from the merelyrepetitive. But one cannot remember everything. That would be memorization. Inother words, you have to be able to read highly selectively and pull out widelyinterconnected references. One must be able to understand recursions. But howdoes one learn this, if no instructions can be given; or at best aboutconspicuousness (as in the previous sentence for example “recursions”, but not“must”)?Perhaps the best method is to take notes – not excerpts, but condensedreformulations of what has been read. The re-description of what has already beendescribed leads almost automatically to the training of an attention for “frames”,for schemes of observation or even for conditions that lead to the text offeringcertain descriptions and not others. In doing so, it is useful to always consider:What is not meant, what is excluded, when something specific is asserted? Whentalking about “human rights”: What does the author distinguish his statementsfrom? From non-human rights? From human obligations? Or culturallycomparatively or historically from populations that do not know human rights andcan live with them quite well?
In other words, Luhmann is urging to engage in pattern recognition.
True intellectual work using the Zettelkasten demands pattern recognition when reading. Domain specific knowledge + pattern recognition = efficient reading; for it allows to distinguish signal from noise, value from trash.
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Another possibility is read texts on certain topics – liability fordefects in civil law, socialization theory, risk research, etc. – in parallel. Then onegradually develops a feeling for what is already known and knows the “state of theart”. New things then stand out. But you learn something that is mostly veryquickly outdated and then to unlearn again.
Is this a criticism by Luhmann on the conventional notion of syntopical reading in Adlerian terms? Probably without knowing Adler's work.
Because science/truth work (knowledge) is constantly in revision, conventional syntopical reading on a topic of science is without necessary value?
Perhaps unless stored and expanded upon in a ZK?
Further thought is required to disseminate this paragraph.
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- Sep 2024
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medium.com medium.com
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This method allows individuals to manage and interlink their information more effectively by creating interconnected nodes, known as knowledge graphs.
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metagov.org metagov.org
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https://metagov.org/projects/koi-pond
Metagov's KOI (Knowledge Organization Infrastructure) is a graph database that supports relationships between knowledge objects, users, and groups within Metagov. via JM
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discord.com discord.com
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I enjoyed this podcast but got the feeling they see PKM as a kind of grueling Fordist production line. The process in your book seems a lot less like a grind and a lot more like fun!
Zettelkasten is a method for creating "slow productivity" against a sea of information overload
Some of the framing goes back to using the card index as a means of overcoming the eternal problem of "information overload" [see A. Blair, Yale University Press, 2010]. I ran into an example the other day in David Blight's DeVane Lectures at Yale in which he simultaneously shrugged at the problem while talking about (perhaps unknown to him) the actual remedy: https://boffosocko.com/2024/09/16/paul-conkins-zettelkasten-advice/
It's also seen in Luhmann claiming he only worked on things he found easy/fun. The secret is that while you're doing this, your zettelkasten is functioning as a pawl against the ratchet of ideas so that as you proceed, you don't lose your place in your train of thought (folgezettel) even if it's months since you thought of something last. This allows you to always be building something of interest to you even (especially) if the pace is slow and you don't know where you're going as you proceed. It's definitely a form of advanced productivity, but not in the sort of "give-me-results-right-now" way that most have come to expect in a post-Industrial Revolution world. This distinction is what is usually lost on those coming from a productivity first perspective and causes friction because it's not the sort of productivity they've come to expect.
In reply to writingslowly and Bob Doto at https://discord.com/channels/992400632390615070/992400632776507447/1285175583877103749<br /> Conversation/context not for direct attribution
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www.matthewsiu.com www.matthewsiu.com
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We had a strong personal motivation for this project: we often find ourselves stuck in our own creative work. Latticework’s links might make you think of citations and primary sources—tools for finding the truth in a rigorous research process. But our work on Latticework was mostly driven by the problems of getting emotionally stuck, of feeling disconnected from our framing of the project or our work on it.
Again the important distinction, here in the context which itch Latticework scratches, between 'evidence' and 'kindle' perspectives. The latter is an emotional thing, where knowledge is not an external thing, but a internal network of meaning.
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www.platformer.news www.platformer.news
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Why note-taking apps don't make us smarter by [[Casey Newton]]
Newton takes a thin view of the eternal question of information overload and whether or not AI might improve the situation. No serious results...
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databases are not designed to be browsed.
Casey Newton makes this blanket statement. Any real evidence for this beyond his "gut"?
Many "paper machines" like Niklas Luhmann's zettelkasten were almost custom made not just for searching, but for browsing through regularly much like commonplace books.
Perhaps the question is really, how is your particular database designed?
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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we've never as a normal user you and I had the opportunity to take AI artificial intelligence and train it on our own data this is the first time we're able to do that
for - AI - note - personal knowledge - mem.ai - killer feature - first AI app to train directly on your own personal knowledge
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- AI - note - personal knowledge - mem.ai - killer feature - first AI app to train directly on your own personal knowledge
- Indyweb dev - Mem.ai has many features we are designing for in Indyweb but it uses AI and that needs to be researched for privacy issues
- AI - mem.AI - first AI note app that trains directly on your own personal knowledge notes
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I wonder if there's a copy anywhere of the Macey business system book that they sold to explain how to use it?
reply to u/atomicnotes at https://old.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/1fa0240/early_1900s_3_x_5_inch_card_index_filing_cabinet/
This is an excellent question. I strongly suspect you won't find a booklet or book from Macey after 1906 that does this, though there may have been something before that.
You'll notice that on page 9, the 1906 Macy Catalog takes what I consider to be a pot shot at their Shaw-Walker competition in the section "Not a kindergarten". Shaw-Walker was selling not just furniture, but a more specific system, as well as a magazine. Since there's something to be learned for current knowledge managers and zettel-casters in the historical experience of these companies and the systems and methods they were selling, I'll quote that section here (substitute references to enterprise and business for yourself):
Not a Kindergarten
Every successful enterprise knows its own requirements best, and develops the best system for its own purpose. We manufacture business machinery. Our appliances and supplies are boiled down to a few parts, and simple forms, and will accommodate any system in any business. The office boy can understand and use them. If we undertook to teach the whole world how to run its business, we would have to saddle the cost on those who buy for what we tried to teach those who do not.
System in business is desirable, but no system can make a business successful, where the management is deficient. So called ‘Systems’ often result in useless expense and disappointment. We retain what experience proves useful and practical; so far as possible, eliminating all complicated and useless features. This explains how we can employ the best workmanship and material, combined with pleasing designs, and sell our goods with profit at lower prices than the inferior articles offered by others.
There may have been some booklets at some point, but I've not run across them for any of the major manufacturers of the time. (I've only loosely searched this area.) Some of the general principles were covered in various articles in System Magazine which was published by Shaw-Walker, a filing cabinet manufacturer, in the early century. System Magazine was sold to McGraw-Hill which renamed it Business Week, but it is now better known as Bloomberg Business Week. In the December 1906 issue of System, W. K. Kellogg, the President of the Toasted Corn Flake Company, is quoted touting the invaluable nature of the Shaw-Walker filing system at a time when his company was using 640 drawers of their system.
To some extent the smaller discrete "system" was really a part of a broader range of information and knowledge of business and competition. This can be seen in the fact that System Magazine still exists, just under an alternate name, along with a much broader area of business schools and business systems. We've just "forgotten" (or take for granted) the art of the smaller systems and processes which seemed new in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Other companies had "systems" they sold or taught, much like Tiago Forte teaches his "Second Brain" method or Nick Milo teaches "Linking Your Thinking". However, most of them were really in the business of selling goods: furniture, filing cabinets, desks, index cards, card dividers, etc. and this was where the real money was to be found at the time.
A similar example in the space is the Memindex System booklet that came with their box and index cards. The broad principles of the system can be described in a few paragraphs so that the average person can read it and modify it to their particular needs or use case. The company never felt the need to write an entire book along the lines of David Allen's Getting Things Done or Ryder Carroll's Bullet Journal Method. Allen and Carroll are selling systems by way of books or classes. Admittedly, Carroll does have custom printed notebooks for using his methods, but I suspect these are a tiny fraction of the overall notebook sales for those who use his method.
Here's evidence of a correspondence course from the Library Bureau some time after 1927, which was when they'd been purchased by Remington Rand: https://www.ebay.com/itm/335534180049 . Library Bureau had an easier time as their system was standardized for libraries, though they did have efforts to cater to business concerns the way Shaw-Walker, The Macey Company, Globe-Wernicke and others certainly did.
I think the best examples in broader book form from that time period are Kaiser's two books which still stand up pretty well today for those creating knowledge management systems, zettelkasten, commonplace books, getting things done/productivity systems, second brains, etc.
Kaiser, J. Card System at the Office. The Card System Series 1. London: Vacher and Sons, 1908. http://archive.org/details/cardsystematoffi00kaisrich.
———. Systematic Indexing. The Card System Series 2. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., 1911. http://archive.org/details/systematicindexi00kaisuoft.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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the problem here is that physicists am never worried about consciousness because that's the problem of neuroscientists. And neuroscientists don't know quantum physics. So what the hell then? You know, there is a hole in the middle right?
for - consciousness - incomplete knowledge of science - hole in understanding - physics - neuroscience - quantum mechanics - Federico Faggin
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www.druckerforum.org www.druckerforum.org
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AI’s effect on our idea of knowledge could well be broader than that. We’ll still look for justified true beliefs, but perhaps we’ll stop seeing what happens as the result of rational, knowable frameworks that serenely govern the universe. Perhaps we will see our own inevitable fallibility as a consequence of living in a world that is more hidden and more mysterious than we thought. We can see this wildness now because AI lets us thrive in such a world.
AI to teach us complexity and sensemaking / sense of wonder in viewing the world. It might, given who builds the AIs I don't think so though. Can we build sensemaking tools that seem AI to the rest of us? genAI is statistical probabilities all around, with a hint of randomness to prevent the same outcome for the same questions each time. That is not complexity just mimicry though. Can sensemaking mimic AI to, might be a more useful way?
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Michele Zanini and I recently wrote a brief post for Harvard Business Review about what this sort of change in worldview might mean for business, from strategy to supply chain management. For example, two faculty members at the Center for Strategic Leadership at the U.S Army War College have suggested that AI could fluidly assign leadership roles based on the specific details of a threatening situation and the particular capabilities and strengths of the people in the team. This would alter the idea of leadership itself: Not a personality trait but a fit between the specifics of character, a team, and a situation.
Yes, this I can see, but that's not making AI into K, but embracing complexity and being able to adapt fluidly in the face of it. To increase agency, my working def of K. This is what sensemaking is for, not AI as such.
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Newton’s Laws, the rules and hints for diagnosing a biopsy — to say that they fail at predicting highly particularized events: Will there be a traffic snarl? Are you going to develop allergies late in life? Will you like the new Tom Cruise comedy? This is where traditional knowledge stops, and AI’s facility with particulars steps in.
AI or rather our understanding of complexity that needs to step in? The examples [[David Weinberger]] gives of general things that can't do particularised events are examples of linear generalisations failing at (a higher level of) complexity. Also I would say 'prediction' which is assumed to here be the point of K is not what it is about. Probabilities, uncertainties (which is what linear approaches do: reduce uncertainties on a few things at the cost of making others unknowable within the same model, Heisenberg style), that in complexity you can nudge, attenuate etc. I'd rather involve complexity more deeply in K than AI.
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[[David Weinberger]] on K in the age of AI. AI has no outside framework of reference or context as David says is inherent in K (next to Socrates notions of what episteme takes). Says AI may change our notion of K, where AI is better at including particulars, whereas human K is centered on limited generalisations.
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- Aug 2024
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Martijn Aslander - Kennis Delen is Macht
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storm.genie.stanford.edu storm.genie.stanford.eduSTORM1
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https://storm.genie.stanford.edu/
STORM Get a Wikipedia-like report on your topic<br /> STORM is a research prototype for automating the knowledge curation process.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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don't do this experiment philosophically do it experientially it's like undressing at night we take off everything that can be taken off
for BEing journey - self knowledge exercise - removing everything from our experience that is not essential Rupert Spira
BEing journey - self knowledge exercise - removing everything from our experience that is not essential Rupert Spira - metaphor - Like taking all our clothes off when we are preparing for bedtime
comment - self knowledge exercise - Rupert Spira - This exercise makes me think of my own thoughts around discovering or rather, rediscovering one's true nature - If we are to discuss the "greater self" from whence we came, then it's tantamount to discovering - the nature nature within - human nature - So anything that is recognized as human nature, cannot be the ground state - The ground state must go beyond anything that depends on the human body - Thoughts and perceptions are mediated by brains and sense organs, both depend on the human body and so - are dependent on human nature - Self knowledge is unmediated and directly experienced - It has the quality of the ground state within us, the nature part of our human nature
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one way to make this experiential investigation into the essential nature of our self would be to remove in fact we don't need to remove it would be sufficient to imagine removing everything from us that is not essential to us so i suggest we let's just embark do this investigation for a few minutes
for - BEing journey - self knowledge exercise - removing everything from our experience that is not essential Rupert Spira
BEing journey - self knowledge exercise - removing everything from our experience that is not essential Rupert Spira - Remove phenomenological experiences that are transient - that is, have a beginning or end - The fact that they do not last implies that they cannot be part of our essential, unchanging nature
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there is one aspect one element of the universe that we have direct unmediated access to when i say unmediated i mean we have access to it through a channel that is does not go through perception or thought and that is our knowledge of our self our knowledge of our self is the only knowledge there is that is not mediated through thought or perception and therefore it is the only channel through which we have direct unmediated access to the reality of the universe and it is for this reason that self-knowledge stands at the heart of all the great religious and spiritual traditions
for - key insight - quote - self knowledge - Rupert Spira
key insight - quote - self knowledge - Rupert Spira - There is one aspect of the universe that we have direct unmediated access to w
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When i say unmediated i mean we have access to it through a channel that is does not go through
- perception or
- thought and that is our knowledge of our self
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Our knowledge of our self is the only knowledge there is that is not mediated through
- thought or
- perception
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and therefore it is the only channel through which we have direct unmediated access to the reality of the universe
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It is for this reason that self-knowledge stands at the heart of all the great religious and spiritual traditions.
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- key insight - quote - self knowledge - Rupert Spira
- recognizing the nature within our human nature
- quote - self knowledge - Rupert Spira
- BEing journey - self knowledge exercise - removing everything from our experience that is not essential Rupert Spira - metaphor - Like taking all our clothes off when we are preparing for bedtime
- BEing journey - self knowledge exercise - removing everything from our experience that is not essential Rupert Spira
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According toLacan, then, neither psychoanalytic orthodoxy nor academicpsychology recognizes a difference in principle between knowl-edge (psychic life) and the truth by which it is driven onward(the reality to which psychic life must adapt itself)
Thus Lacan introduces the divide between the real and reality. Hegel and ego psychoanalysis assume that knowledge (the consciousness) and truth can always coincide and have an affinity for each other
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According to Lacan, the absolute knowledgethat is thus attained is like a symbolic system that expresses theessential structures of reality in its entirety. This final state can-not be described as anything other than perfect self-conscious-ness.
Thus stating that absolute knowledge is not awareness of the real, as the real's effects but not actuality can be grasped. Simply, absolute knowledge is perfect self-consciousness where knowledge and truth combine
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