102 Matching Annotations
  1. Sep 2026
    1. Astra brings together years of research and big bets across pre-training, reinforcement learning, and alignment. Astra is state-of-the-art on computer use, browsing, software engineering, cybersecurity, science, and professional work.

      【非共识】这一广泛的能力声明涵盖了多个专业领域,但没有提供具体的衡量标准或比较基准。需要详细了解这些领域中的具体表现指标,以及与现有解决方案的对比,以评估这一全面能力声明的真实性。

  2. May 2026
    1. reply to u/deleted at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1te4u1i/state_of_the_typosphere/

      Two or three typewriter repair shops have opened up in the past couple of years, though probably not enough to offset the retirements or deaths which include Tom Furrier (Cambridge Typewriter) and Duane Jensen (Phoenix Typewriter) respectively. Lucas Dul opened up a brick-and-mortar typewriter shop in Chicago.

      Philly Typewriter and Bremerton Typewriter Company have started up typewriter repair schools/apprenticeships to expand on the trade.

      Tom Hanks has continued donating typewriters to typewriter repair shops over the past few years, ostensibly to encourage the space as well as to slim down his own collection.

      Richard Polt recently downsized his collection significantly. (His blog is generally a good source of the news of what's new in the past few years.)

      Prices are up somewhat in general, but especially for Hermes 3000s, Olympias, Smith-Corona Silent Supers, and Olivetti Letteras even in poor condition.

      Historical updates: https://typewriterdatabase.com/twdb.0.news-media

      Type Pals has started up monthly meetups again: https://www.typepals.com/events

      Lou Spirito designed a baseball scorecard for typewriters which was unveiled by Tom Hanks on March 29, 2025.

      Qwertyfest seems to be going strong: https://www.qwertyfest.com/

      Atlanta, Albuquerque, and Los Angeles have bee hosting type-ins a few times a year.

      I've fleshed out some details and examples on typecasting for those interested in trying it out: https://indieweb.org/typecast

  3. Feb 2026
  4. Jan 2026
    1. Mendee said a recent survey found that 85% of employers look for candidates who have both a degree and micro-credentials. “Micro-credentials give students a competitive edge by highlighting their skills in ways that stand out to employers and graduate schools,” Mendee said.

      Transcripts communicate as they are intended to. MCs communicate in a different way, for a different audience.

  5. Nov 2025
  6. Jun 2025
  7. May 2025
    1. Der Artikel diskutiert die Notwendigkeit von Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) zur Erreichung der Klimaneutralität. Aktuell werden weltweit etwa 2,2 Gigatonnen CO₂ pro Jahr entnommen, hauptsächlich durch Aufforstung. Neue Technologien wie Direct Air Capture (DAC) sind noch wenig verbreitet, machen nur ein Promille aus. Um die Pariser Klimaziele zu erreichen, müsste die CO₂-Entnahme bis 2050 auf 7 bis 9 Gigatonnen pro Jahr steigen. Deutschland plant, bis 2045 klimaneutral zu werden, und benötigt dafür eine nationale CDR-Strategie. Derzeit kostet die Entnahme einer Tonne CO₂ mit neuen Methoden 100 Mal mehr als die Vermeidung einer Tonne Emissionen. 27 Staaten und die EU haben Vorschläge zur Ausweitung von CDR bis 2050 gemacht. [Zusammenfassung generiert mit Mistral] https://www.zeit.de/wissen/umwelt/2024-06/carbon-dioxide-removal-co2-entnahme-klimaneutralitaet-entwicklung

  8. Apr 2025
    1. 2024 verzeichnete die zwölf bis ihr heißesten Monate in Europa. Über 400.000 Menschen waren direkt von den Folgen von Extremwetterereignissen betroffen. Über 30% der Flussgebiete In über 30% der Flussgebiete gab es schwere Überschwemme. Ausmaß und Erhezung, Ausmaß und Folgen der Erhezung in Europa werden systematisch in dem Berichtsteht auf Sie klimat 2024 erfasst, der von Copernicus und der WMU veröffentlicht wurde. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/15/europe-storms-floods-and-wildfires-in-2024-affected-more-than-400000

  9. Mar 2025
    1. Delegate Led Discussion - The Changing State of AI, Media

      for - program event selection - 2025 - April 2 - 2-3:15pm GMT - Skoll World Forum - The Changing State of AI, Media - Indyweb - Stop Reset Go - TPF - Eric's project - Skoll's Participatory Media project - relevant to - adjacency - indyweb - Stop Reset Go - participatory news - participatory movie and tv show reviews - Eric's project - Skoll's Particiipatory Media - event time conflict - with - Leadership in Alien Times

      adjacency - between - Skoll's Participatory Media project - Global Witness - Indyweb - Stop Reset Go's participatory news idea - Stop Reset Go's participatory movie and TV show review idea - Eric's media project - adjacency relationship - Participatory media via Indyweb and idea of participatory news and participatory movie and tv show reviews - might be good to partner with Skoll Foundation's Participatory Media group

  10. Feb 2025
    1. Private militias have provided criminal groups with greater mobility and fighting power, enabling them to engage in large-scale violence and seek control of criminal markets and territories beyond their home towns. The Mexican case highlights the need for democratic elites to reform authoritarian judicial and security institutions and to punish state agents who protected organized crime, in order to prevent the intertwining of democratic politics and the criminal underworld.
    2. In Mexico, the transition from authoritarian rule to democracy did not introduce major security-sector reforms, making the expansion of OCGs and the outbreak of large-scale criminal violence more probable. Subnational political alternation, particularly the variation in party alternation across subnational regions, can also contribute to the outbreak of criminal wars. The structure of informal networks of government protection for criminals forged during the authoritarian period is crucial in understanding this link.
    1. The Peña Nieto administration in Mexico proposed a government commission to spend $9 billion to combat drug violence in the most violent municipalities. The plan included longer school days, drug-addiction treatment programs, and public-works projects. The administration also focused on disrupting street gangs and criminals hired by cartels, rather than targeting top drug traffickers. However, despite initial gains, violence in rural Mexico surged again by 2017 due to Mexican cartels' increased involvement in the heroin market and the boom in methamphetamine production.
    2. The US government provided funding and training to the Mexican government to fight the cartels, but the efforts were criticized for being ineffective and corrupt. The Mérida Initiative, a $2.3 billion plan, was launched to help Mexico confront threats to its national security, but much of the money went to private US contractor corporations. Corruption was a significant problem, with cartel gunmen killing over 2,200 policemen, 200 soldiers, and scores of federal officials. The cartels also infiltrated the government, with many officials being bribed or working directly for the cartels. The drug trade was linked to Mexico's incomplete transition to democracy, and the cartels took over essential local and regional administrative functions in many regions.
  11. Jan 2025
    1. Ein neuer Bericht der europäischen Kommission sagt aus, dass die EU dreimal so schnell dekarbonisieren muss wie bisher, um das Ziel zu erreichen, die Emissionen bis 2030 um 55% zu reduzieren. Den Zahlen der European Environment Agency zufolge reicht der gegenwärtige Kurs nur für eine Reduzierung um 43%. Ein Haupthindernis sind die enorm hohen fossilen Subventionen. Die Selbstverpflichtungen von EU-Staaten vor der COP28 treffen z.T. verspätet ein, und die vorliegenden sind einem Bericht des Climate Action Network zufolge sehr unzureichend. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/24/eu-must-cut-emissions-three-times-more-quickly-report-says

      State of the Energy Union: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-10/COM_2023_650_1_EN_ACT_part1_v10.pdf CAN-Bericht: https://caneurope.org/content/uploads/2023/10/NECPs_Assessment-Report_October2023.pdf

  12. Dec 2024
    1. for - polycrisis - crime - drug cartel - source: Endvr - The Netherlands - A Failed Narco State? Mocro Mafia - The Netherlands - The New Cocaine Mafias - 2024, Dec

      // - Summary - This documentary makes one thing clear, the solutions for the drug problem are inadequate because they are failing to address the root causes - The most insightful part of the entire documentary is near the end when the political leaders in Antwerp are discussing the problem - The leader of the conservative right hints at the right direction to look when he said that - there is a huge cognitive dissonance between - the drug users and - the drug suppliers - The meaning crisis is at the root of the drug crisis and until that is addressed in a systemic and meaningful way, it won't go away

    1. The phenomena do not disappear, but simply get reflected. Sounds, mental images, sensations, smells are all present without any isolation and there is a flavour of synesthesia to it. This state gives rise to the feeling of spaciousness.

      for - definition - spaciousness - of meditation experience - flow state - like synesthesia - from Medium article - Heart Sutra and the nyams of Dzogchen - Aleander Vezhnevets - 2022, Sept 7

    2. nyam ne-pa

      for - definition - nyam ne-pa - the state of quiet presence - the goal of Dzogchen meditation practice - going from form to emptiness - from Medium article - Heart Sutra and the nyams of Dzogchen - Aleander Vezhnevets - 2022, Sept 7

  13. Nov 2024
    1. the United States is not a democracy it's an oligarchy with elections that are providing the legitimacy for this one party state to continue to exist

      for - quote - US politics - one party state - Yanis Varoufakis - observation - Trump was groomed by toxic US corporate culture and only now is the US is experiencing the blowback of that - new meme - hostile corporate takeover of the US government - from - Climate doomsday 6 years from now - Jerry Kroth

      quote - US politics - one party state - Yanis Varoufakis - (see below) - The United States is not a democracy - It's an oligarchy with elections that are providing the legitimacy for this one part state to continue to exist

      comment - With Trumps win and the nomination of a slate filled with many billionaires to lead major US departments, it's more obvious than ever that what Trump is doing is:

      new meme - A hostile corporate takeover of the US government - We shouldn't be surprised as Trump was groomed by the out-of-control corptocracy in the United States - Remember that NBC made him famous with his show "The Apprentice" and during that time, he was celebrated by American corporate culture. Why else did his show reach top position in Nelson ratings? - Trump is the child of the toxic corporate culture of America where money is king, the metric that rules over everything - people and the environment - Trump is merely running the government the way he ran his companies (into the ground), with total control. - On the apprentice, he made famous the phrase "your fired" - We should not be surprised that he is making the US government in the image of himself that he has well publicized for decades.

      from - Climate doomsday 6 years from now - Jerry Kroth - from - Youtube - Climate Doomsday 6 years from now - Jerry Kroth - https://hyp.is/OfL17KukEe-u2rfUpknrTg/www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ0JDk1p6Zg

    1. there is no longer a proper set of institutions that can restore the equilibrium in the new global world order: the Nation is no longer able to force the State to regulate the Market.

      for - quote - the Nation (state) is no longer able to force the State to regulate the Market - Michel Bauwens - climate crisis - transnational capitalism escapes the regulation of nation states - example - COP conferences and climate change

    1. for - book - The Destiny of Civilization - from - Substack article - A global history of societal regulation - Why commons-based institutions now need to regulate the market and state, ‘cosmo-locally’ - Michel Bauwens

      from - Substack article - A global history of societal regulation - Why commons-based institutions now need to regulate the market and state, ‘cosmo-locally’ - Michel Bauwens - https://hyp.is/ID3F7KiwEe-26QsBOrdtlQ/4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/a-global-history-of-societal-regulation

  14. Oct 2024
    1. for - polycrisis - organized crime - Daily Maverick article - organized crime - Cape Town - How the state colludes with SA’s underworld in hidden web of organised crime – an expert view - Victoria O’Regan - 2024, Oct 18 - book - Man Alone: Mandela’s Top Cop – Exposing South Africa’s Ceaseless Sabotage - Daily Maverick journalist Caryn Dolley - 2024 - https://viahtml.hypothes.is/proxy/https://shop.dailymaverick.co.za/product/man-alone-mandelas-top-cop-exposing-south-africas-ceaseless-sabotage/?_gl=11mkyl5s_gcl_auODI2MTMxODEuMTcyNjI0MDAwMg.._gaNzQ5NDM3NzE0LjE3MjMxODY0NzY._ga_Y7XD5FHQVG*MTcyOTM1MjgwOS4xLjAuMTcyOTM1MjgxOS41MC4wLjkyNTE5MDk2OA..

      summary - This article revolves around the research of South African crime reporter Caryn Dolley on the organized web of crime in South Africa - She discusses the nexus of - trans-national drug cartels - local Cape Town gangs - South African state collusion with gangs - in her new book: Man Alone: Mandela's Top Cop - Exposing South Africa's Ceaseless Sabotage - It illustrates how on-the-ground efforts to fight crime are failing because they do not effectively address this criminal nexus - The book follows the life of retired top police investigator Andre Lincoln whose expose paints the deep level of criminal activity spanning government, trans-national criminal networks and local gangs - Such organized crime takes a huge toll on society and is an important contributor to the polycrisis. - Non-linear approaches are necessary to tackle this systemic problem - One possibility is a trans-national citizen-led effort

    1. For many years, scientists, including a group of more than 15,000, have sounded the alarm about the impending dangers of climate change driven by increasing greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem change (Ripple et al. 2020).

      for - scientists warning - 2024 state of the climate report - adjacency - 2024 US election - Trump - scientists warning - state of the climate - cognitive dissonance - 4P knowledge framework - Johan Rockstrom, Michael Mann, William Ripple, Christopher Wolf, Timothy Lenton, Jillian Gregg, Naomi Oreskes, Stefan Rahmstorf, Thomas Newsome

      adjacency - between - 2024 state of the climate report - scientists warning - political polarization - Trump reelection - climate communication - cognitive dissonance - adjacency relationship - The scientists warning are having limited effect as a tool for mass climate communications - The fact that so many people are supporting climate denying candidates like Trump demonstrates the cognitive dissonance and lack of effective climate communications strategy - It is insightful to analyze from 4P knowledge framework: - propositional knowledge - perspectival knowledge - participatory knowledge - procedural knowledge - Every person is situated and located somewhere unique and specific in life - 4 P knowledge is concurrent - When climate scientists communicate propositional knowledge via mass media, it is a kind of broadcast message that can lose salience if the other 3 types of knowledge have a mismatch: - without perspectival knowledge context, the knowledge can have no meaning or priority - without procedural knowledge, the knowledge is theoretical and does not lead to a better life - without participatory knowledge, the receiver feels alienated

  15. Sep 2024
    1. our love of freedom is is one of the ways that we as apparently limited beings return naturally to our original condition

      for - comparison - Rupert Spira - limited human being striving for return to natural condition - Dasietz Suzuki - The elbow does not bend backwards - insight - freedom is our natural state - because in our contracted human form - we desire to return to our original expansive form - Rupert Spira comment - As Dasietz Suzuki observed, within the limitations of our form, there is a freedom - After listening for a 2nd or 3rd time, I noted something I missed on the 1st listening. A metaphor helps - My nickname reflects this desire to return to the original expansiveness. "Bottled up" and existing in a "contracted" human form, - we possess a natural desire to expand out of the contracted human form back into its original, primordial expansive state - This is indicated by our innate desire for freedom

  16. Aug 2024
    1. what is the most brain friendly working environment in our digital in our digital working area and interestingly there are as I've shown you before there are different aspects of our way of thinking I mean we are not thinking the same way throughout the day um there are phases at the day

      for - neuroscience - optimal working environment - varies with brain state - different phases during the day - engagement - inspiration - concentration - communication - relaxation

  17. Jul 2024
  18. Jun 2024
    1. Ein Report zum Stand der Dinge bei der Entfernung von CO2 aus der Atmosphäre (CO2 Removal) ist in der zweiten Version erschienen. Insgesamt ist die CO2-Menge, die mit anderen Mitteln als der Wiederaufforstung im Pflanzen von Bäumen aus der Atmosphäre entfernt wird, extrem gering. Der Bericht kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Pariser Klimaziele ohne CDR unerreichbar sein werden, dass aber CDR ohne deutlich mehr Investitionen und eine schnelle Verringerung von Treibhausgasemissionen wirkungslos bleiben wird. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000222642/treibhausgase-aus-der-atmosphaere-saugen-wo-wir-bei-der-co2-entnahme-stehen

  19. May 2024
  20. Apr 2024
  21. Mar 2024
    1. Die weltwetterorganisation WMO fast in ihrem Bericht über 2023 die Daten verschiedener Services zusammen und kommt zu dramatischen Aussagen über die Entwicklung der Temperatur auf der Erdoberfläche insbesondere insgesamt und besonders an der Oberfläche der Meere. Gleichzeitig ergibt eine Studie der BU Wien dass die Prognosen vieler, darunter großer starken über die Entwicklung der Emissionen deutlich zu optimistisch sind. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000212370/weltwetterorganisation-zeichnet-duesteres-bild-vom-klima-des-letzten-jahres

  22. Feb 2024
    1. Such high energy EM radiation can locally interact with the Vacuum Energy State (VES) – the VES being the Fifth State of Matter (Fifth Essence – Quintessence), in other words the fundamental structure (foundational framework), from which Everything else (Spacetime included) in our Quantum Reality, emerges.

      Dr. Salvatore Cezar Pais, writing [via direct email] ’exclusively’ to The War Zone reporter, Brett Tingley, defined what has become decorously known as The Pais Effect, stating:

      "…do realize that my work culminates in the enablement of the Pais Effect (original physical concept). The Pais Effect comprises the generation of extremely high electromagnetic energy fluxes (and hence high local energy densities) generated by controlled motion of electrically charged matter (from solid to plasma states) subjected to accelerated vibration and/or accelerated spin, via rapid acceleration transients.

      Such high energy EM radiation can locally interact with the Vacuum Energy State (VES) – the VES being the Fifth State of Matter (Fifth Essence – Quintessence), in other words the fundamental structure (foundational framework), from which Everything else (Spacetime included) in our Quantum Reality, emerges.

      The Engineering of the Pais Effect can give rise to the Enablement of Macroscopic Quantum Coherence, which if you have closely been following my work, you understand the importance of.

      I must stress that all this work (patents, patent applications and technical papers) was conducted as a NAVAIR/NAWCAD employee, and that my current position with Navy SSP has absolutely no bearing or in any way, shape or form has anything to do with this advanced physics work.

      Thank you for your interest in my physics concepts, and try to keep an open mind in regard to my work.

      Respectfully,

      Sal

      Salvatore Cezar Pais, Ph.D. A.D. MMXIX"

  23. Jan 2024
    1. dreaming can be seen as the "default" position for the activated brain

      for - dream theory - dreaming as default state of brain

      • Dreaming can be seen as the "default" position for the activated brain
      • when it is not forced to focus on
        • physical and
        • social reality by
          • (1) external stimuli and
          • (2) the self system that reminds us of
            • who we are,
            • where we are, and
            • what the tasks are
          • that face us.

      Question - I wonder what evolutionary advantage dreaming would bestow to the first dreaming organisms? - why would a brain evolve to have a default behaviour with no outside connection? - Survival is dependent on processing outside information. There seems to be a contradiction here - I wonder what opinion Michael Levin would have on this theory?

  24. Dec 2023
    1. Der Standard fasst Berichte der WMO, des europäischen Wetterdienstes Copernicus und des Österreichischen Alpenvereins zum Schwund der Gletscher 2022 zusammen. Die europäischen Alpengletscher verloren 2022 mehr als 5 Kubikkilometer Eis. Die Schweizer Alpengletscher haben in 20 Jahren ein Drittel ihres Eises eingebüßt. Bei einer Temperaturerhöhung um 2,7° bis 2100 würde allein durch das fast vollständige Abschmelzen der Gletscher in Mitteleuropa, den USA, Westkanada und Neuseeland der Meeresspiegel um 115mm steigen.

      https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000145833249/die-gletscher-schmolzen-2022-im-rekordtempo-besonders-in-europa

      Infografik: https://b.staticfiles.at/elm/static/2023-04-schneeanomalie/index.html?nc9238cb923b983a

  25. Nov 2023
    1. Die italienische NGO Legambiente ruft dazu auf, ein Manifest zum Schutz der Alpengletscher zu unterschreiben. Es fördert Governance auf nationaler wie auf europäischer Ebene. Es bezieht sich auf Klimaschutz- wie auf Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Dabei wird auf zentrale Dokumente und Vereinbarungen zum Schutz der alpinen Ökosysteme und der Kryosphäre zurückgegriffen. https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/2023/10/27/news/legambiente_petizione_ghiacciai-418888279/

      Manifest für die Governance der Gletscher und mit ihnen verbundener Ressourcen: https://www.legambiente.it/rapporti-e-osservatori/manifesto-per-una-governance-dei-ghiacciai-e-delle-risorse-connesse/?_gl=11cfz0u4_upMQ.._gaMTkwMjI0NzAzMy4xNjk4Mzg4MDI5_ga_LX7CNT6SDN*MTY5ODM4ODAyNy4xLjAuMTY5ODM4ODAyNy4wLjAuMA..

  26. Oct 2023
    1. Die Erde befindet sich bereits in einem "uncharted territory". 20 von 35 Indikatoren, mit denen sich das Funktionieren des Klimasystems beurteilen lässt, zeigen inzwischen extreme Werte. Die aktualisierte Version einer von den renommiertesten Erdsystemwissenschaftler:innen erstellten (und von 2000 Wissenschaftlern unterzeichneten Studie) von 2019 kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Warnungen aus der Wissenschaft, den Planeten nicht überzubelasten, nicht rechtzeitig ernst genommen wurden und das Erdsystem seinen stabilen Zustand verlassen hat. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/24/earth-vital-signs-human-history-scientists-sustainable-future

      Report: https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad080

    1. SV40 is the same virus that contaminated the polio vaccinations. This virus is known to cause cancer in humans.It has been linked to bone, brain ,liver and lung cancers. And it seems the virus can be passed on to the children of those inoculated with vaccine contaminated with SV40. The virus is found in the cancers of those people and cancers in their children. If it didn't come from the vaccine, how did these people come into contact with a monkey virus? Read about this in " Turtles All the Way Down" or " Anyone Who Tells You Vacines are Safe and Effective is Lying" by Dr. Vernon Coleman. For that matter, the last time I looked this up on the internet, all the information was there. The "trusted experts" knew about the contamination for years before it was finally removed from the polio vaccines. I will never trust any of them again.


      "Anyone Who Tells You Vacines are Safe and Effective is Lying" by Dr. Vernon Coleman

      they lie about everything.<br /> they always reward their believers (useful idiots).<br /> they always punish their skeptics (enemies of the state).

      just think about how many people still believe that<br /> "smoking tobacco is better than smoking cannabis".<br /> that lie has been around for 100 years.<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States

      see also:<br /> 180 Degrees: Unlearn The Lies You've Been Taught To Believe.<br /> by Feargus O’Connor Greenwood

      https://unbekoming.substack.com/p/exclusive-interview-with-feargus

      Discernment is much easier when you realise the enemy deals almost exclusively in ‘inversion’. So to get back to the truth you just need to invert their inversions. Often by reversing their narrative the world makes more sense.

      So for example with regard to COVID:

      The control measures were not brought in because of the virus, the virus was released in order to bring in the control measures.<br /> Again, "safe and effective" becomes "dangerous and useless".<br /> "Don’t take Ivermectin because it’s horse paste and ignore Vitamin D, C and Zinc" becomes "take Ivermectin and Vitamin D because they work".

  27. Sep 2023
    1. Wills, Garry. “After 54 Great Books, 102 Great Ideas, Now—Count Them !—Three Revolutions.” The New York Times, June 13, 1971, sec. BR. https://www.nytimes.com/1971/06/13/archives/the-common-sense-of-politics-by-mortimer-j-adler-265-pp-new-york.html

      It's not super obvious from the digitized context (text), but this review is in relation to The Common Sense of Politics (1971) by Mortimer J. Adler.

      Wills criticizes Adler and his take in the book as well as the general enterprise of the Great Books of the Western World.

      There seem to be interesting sparks here in the turn of the Republican party in the early 70s moving into the coming Reagan era.

  28. Aug 2023
  29. Apr 2023
  30. Dec 2022
  31. Oct 2022
    1. To meet our domestic emergencies in credit and banking arising from the reaction to acute crisis abroad the National Credit Association was set up by the banks with resources of $500,000,000 to support sound banks against the frightened withdrawals and hoarding. It is giving aid to reopen solvent banks which have been closed. Federal officials have brought about many beneficial unions of banks and have employed other means which have prevented many bank closings. As a result of these measures the hoarding withdrawals which had risen to over $250,000,000 per week after the British crisis have substantially ceased.

      Hoover provided support for the banks in crisis, trying to stabalize the withdraws and panic

    2. These measures have served those purposes and will promote recovery.

      Hoover didn't really DO anything; FDR was the one who made sure everything was in order, all the groups and laws he made. Hoover on the other hand, didn't. He just provided for some public work projects and helped a little, but definitely not as much as FDR. He should've done more.

    3. But of highest importance was the necessity of cooperation on our part to relieve the people of Germany from imminent disasters and to maintain their important relations to progress and stability in the world.

      Why was Hoover so stuck on helping Germany? Yes, it is the right thing to do, and to support Germany as it struggles, but our country was facing an economic panic; why help others with resources we desperately need ourselves?

  32. Feb 2022
  33. Jan 2022
    1. The key thing about the REST approach is that the server addresses the client state transitions. The state of the client is almost totally driven by the server and, for this reason, discussions on API versioning make little sense, too. All that a client should know about a RESTful interface should be the entry point. The rest should come from the interpretation of server responses.
  34. Mar 2021
    1. The reason Final Form does this is so that pristine will be true if you start with an uninitialized form field (i.e. value === undefined), type into it (pristine is now false), and then empty the form field. In this case, pristine should return to true, but the value that the HTML DOM gives for that input is ''. If Final Form did not treat '' and undefined as the same, any field that was ever typed in would forever be dirty, no matter what the user did.
  35. Feb 2021
    1. The reason Reform does updating attributes and validation in the same step is because I wanna reduce public methods. This is to save users from having to remember state.

      I see what he means, but what would you call this (tag)? "have to remember state"? maybe "have to remember" is close enough

      Or maybe order is important / do things in the right order is all we need to describe the problem/need.

  36. Oct 2020
  37. Sep 2020
    1. While I am not homosexual, I have always felt that discrimination against homosexuality is completely ludicrous because I think people should love who they love. This belief that I have has giving me an idea for my research topic for my bibliography project where I look over the state of homosexuality in 2020. I decided to annotate this article because it gave a lot of good information about the state of homosexuality in 2020 and it has some links to other articles about homosexuality.

  38. Jan 2020
    1. no difference

      The nature of the wants that commodities satisfy makes no difference. This is perhaps somewhat surprising to readers, given the extent to which everyday critiques of capitalist society often center around the role that consumerism plays and the subjective effects that this produces, namely, the way that consumer society creates all sorts of desires (as well as the obverse--many will defend capitalism on the grounds that it is able to satisfy our inordinate appetite for novelty by producing an enormous proliferation of desirable commodities). Yet, for Marx, the nature of these desires "makes no difference."

      It is worth pointing out that the critique of the appetites that consumer society spawns is by no means new (a rather early moment in the history of consumer society). We find it already on display in Book II of Plato's Republic. In looking to shift the terrain of the analysis of justice from the individualistic, social contractualist theory of justice elaborated by Glaucon, Socrates founds a 'city' based on the idea that no one is self-sufficient, that human beings have much need of one another, and that the various crafts--farming, weaving cloth, etc.--fare best when each person specializes in that craft to which they are most suited by nature. After sketching out a kind of idyllic, pastoral community based on the principle of working together to satisfy our natural appetites, Socrates aristocratic companion Glaucon objects, describing this city as a 'city fit for pigs'. At this point, Socrates conjures what he calls the 'luxurious city', at which point a whole host of social ills are unleashed in order to satisfy Glaucon's desire for the luxuries to which he is accustomed. Currency and trade are introduced, along with a more complex division of labor (and wage labor!), and quite quickly, war. On the basis of the principle of 'one person, one craft', Socrates argues that making war is itself a craft that requires specialization (and thus a professional army).

      For Plato, this represents the beginning of class society, as the profession military becomes a class distinct from the class of producers and merchants.

      Plato thus anticipates a version of a view that becomes one of the key theses of the Marxist theory of the state, namely, the idea that the state exists only in societies that have become "entangled in an insoluble contradiction within itself" and which are "cleft into irreconcilable antagonisms which it is powerless to dispel," (Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State). The state emerges as "a power apparently standing above society...whose purpose is to moderate the conflict and keep it within the bounds of 'order'" Engels writes, "this power arising out of society, but placing itself above it, and increasingly separating itself from it, is the state." Lenin cites this passage in the first pages of State and Revolution in order to critique the 'bourgeois' view that the state exists in order to reconcile class interests. In Lenin's reading of Marx, the state exists as "an organ of classs domination, an organ of oppression of one class by another," a view articulated in The Communist Manifesto, (cf. V.I. Lenin, State and Revolution in V.I.Lenin: Collected Works, Vol. 25, pp. 385-497).

      Marx cites this same passage from Republic in a long footnote to his discussion of the Division of Labor and Manufacture on pp. 487-488, which also happens to be the sole place in Capital where Marx cites Plato.

      The fact that Marx here expresses indifference to the particular appetites that commodities satisfy is thus intriguing and ambiguous. Given that this question both clearly animates Plato's discussion of the origin of class society in Republic and, additionally serves as an alternative to the social contractarian view of justice that descends from Glaucon through Hobbes and the 18th century 'Robinsonades', this seemingly technical point also touches upon questions concerning Marx's engagement with both classical and modern political theory.

      If for Plato, the unruly appetites represent the seed of which class-divided society is the fruit, Marx's dismissal of the question of the nature of the appetites that are satisfied by commodities points to exchange-value and the social forms that it unleashes as being key dimensions of the particular form that class-antagonism takes in capitalist society.

  39. Sep 2019
  40. Oct 2018
  41. Sep 2018
  42. Jan 2018
    1. Our fellow citizens, too, who in proportion to their love of liberty keep a steady eye upon the means of sustaining it, do not require to be reminded of the duty they owe to themselves to remedy all essential defects in so vital a part of their system. While they are sensible that every evil attendant upon its operation is not necessarily indicative of a bad organization, but may proceed from temporary causes, yet the habitual presence, or even a single instance, of evils which can be clearly traced to an organic defect will not, I trust, be over-looked through a too scrupulous veneration for the work of their ancestors. The Constitution was an experiment committed to the virtue and intelligence of the great mass of our country-men, in whose ranks the framers of it themselves were to perform the part of patriotic observation and scrutiny, and if they have passed from the stage of existence with an increased confidence in its general adaptation to our condition we should learn from authority so high the duty of fortifying the points in it which time proves to be exposed rather than be deterred from approaching them by the suggestions of fear or the dictates of misplaced reverence.

      Jackson's argument for amending the Constitution. What's important to him (or anyone): the end goal (in this case, changing the VP election law) or the supporting logic (the Founders understood their imperfection and so provided ways to rectify structural problems).

  43. Sep 2016
  44. Jan 2016