This line shows Taney using originalist reasoning to deny any legal rights to Black people. It reflects how he interpreted the farmers views to support racism. I strongly disagree because it upholds injustice instead of evolving with society.

If the Declaration of Independence is saying this then we have to put all races on equal field but clearly the United states at that time didn't do that so it showed even the citizens weren't following the foundation which the United States stands on.

I disagree with this because in my opinion if said person is living in the untied states, obeying law and the Constitution and like Dred Scott was in a free state at some point you should be seen as equal.

I agree with this because if a state can make laws and do as they please it would give them to much power and then the point of the united states is throw out the window.

I believe that a person imported to this country as a slave should have a right to citizenship no matter what because they were bought to this country as a worker. But if we are talking about the time if said person was to be brought to a state where slaves are free like Dred Scott he then should be seen as a free man and a citizen.

They couldn't sue because of their status in the United States. I believe this is wrong because they were once in a slave free state so they should have been seen as equal and allowed.

They weren't citizens so they couldn't sue in court. I disagree with this because they are still people living in the united states so they should have the right a protection of the Constitution and laws.

I disagree with this because they were in a slave free state so them being in that state should have made them free.

Taney invalidates the Missouri Compromise based on what the framers intended about property rights and slavery. I disagree, because this blocks progress toward equality and was a step backward for civil rights.

Taney uses the original language and intent of the framers to argue that the Constitution protected slavery as property. I disagree, because treating people as property is incompatible with modern human rights.

Taney draws on the original distinction between state and federal citizenship to argue against Scott’s rights. I disagree, because citizenship should be equal and not subject to outdated interpretations.

Taney argues that since no citizenship law for Black people existed at the time, they can’t be citizens now. I disagree, because laws should be able to evolve as society changes.

Taney claims that the Constitution’s original language only treated Black people as property, not as citizens. I disagree, because denying personhood is morally and legally indefensible.

Taney uses colonial laws and practices to argue that the framers always intended a strict separation and exclusion of Black people. I disagree, because using old discriminatory laws to justify present injustice is wrong.

Taney rejects the idea that changing public opinion should affect constitutional interpretation, preferring original intent. I disagree, because public opinion reflects current values and justice.

Taney is referencing the historical view held by the framers to justify denying rights to Black people. I strongly disagree, because this argument relies on racist beliefs and ignores progress in social justice.

Taney is arguing that when the Constitution was written, the framers only considered certain groups as “the people” or “citizens,” and excluded Black Americans. I disagree, because definitions of citizenship have changed over time and should not remain stuck in the past.

Dr. Emerson took Dred Scott to a free state which means in that state Dred Scott isn't a slave. I disagree that Dred Scott was kept a slave during that time because it was against State law to have slaves.

I love this skit, it remids me of how I greet some of my friends compared to others. Same with my transition to college. I am very different with all the people I meet here than I am with my friends back home.

This piece unpacks the @sciencing_bi hoax—where a well-known activist fabricated a “Native American professor” who supposedly died of COVID—and shows how the lie unraveled through open-source verification (timestamps, language patterns, overlapping social graphs). What struck me is how a sympathetic identity can still be weaponized to mobilize outrage and donations, which blurs “authentic vs. inauthentic” far beyond simple anonymity. The article also documents the platform response (account suspension after community sleuthing), underscoring a reactive moderation gap: detection lag lets harmful narratives peak before correction. For me, it strengthens the case for reputation signals on pseudonyms and lightweight provenance checks on high-impact claims, so empathy isn’t exploited by manufactured personas.

I think Trey's tweet is quite correct, however brand tweets became such a phenomenon that they were likely well-known by the CEOs as well. Duolingo especially capitalized on it, I'd be shocked if their CEO was oblivious to it.

Brand twitter is a quite ridiculous part of marketing where a lot of accounts that are meant to advertise a certain company/product try to interact with others on the platform. There are many examples of this on the internet where certain brands would either poke fun of one another or post a strangely specific/realistic scenario that the brand itself could not experience. It was popularized around 2018 since it is a way to make the brand seem more human but it has made some people upset. Some believe that it is a cheap cash grab and seems like brands are trying too hard to be relatable while others think it’s just a fun way thing to come across online.

This was a very interesting article that sheds light on Trumps social media habits and how data science can be used to distinguish who tweets are coming from. It is interesting to see the type of data they used to find out if it was Trump himself tweeting or his staff.

Why is the parents will forgot their child? Is the author is telling us something?

I think this sentence is quite touching, because I have this feeling before.

It’s ironic that Sonny got arrested, while the drifter was fine.

It seems like he didn’t know exactly what happened to Sonny.

I’m curious about why the man would do that. Was he kicking Sonny when he’s down?

a branch of study in the broader field of linguistics that is concerned with how language functions in society.

the main idea is that switching between languages shows how people use language for identity.

they blend and are not totally different ideas.

mental process a bilingual person's brain uses to effortlessly combine two languages while speaking.

mixing of two or more languages within a single sentence or conversation

definition

Definetely. I am way more out going and social online than I am in person. Even when im with friends, ill be completely different when we're talking online than when I talk to them in person. I'm not entirely sure which one is more authentic to me though. I feel like both are pretty true to my character.

I think that even if the changes do not come from another person, those changes can actually affect your authentic self. For example, if someone is raised in a religious household and is consequentially religious themselves, then it is authentically them being religious. I think this is analogous to smaller changes that occur online. Perhaps these changes are just means by which we represent our authentic self.

I feel like the way that you change yourself based on the people that you are with. Personally, I am very different between my family, friends, peers, teachers, etc. I don’t believe that I am pretending to be someone else in most of the scenarios, it’s just that I am different in those environments. In a way, they might compromise my authenticity but overall, it is just the way I perceive myself in those situations since I still have underlying traits that make me who I am.

When you do research with inquiry, you need to know what you want to learn about. you should think about what kind of questions you want to ask and how you are going to find the answers. It's important to use reliable resources, like books, trusted websites, or articles from experts. Sometimes, people start with one research topic and or question but later change it. This can happen if they find out the question has already been asked too many times or it's too time consuming or difficult to answer. It's ok to change your question. Research is about learning and finding the best focus for your topic.

They sometimes will use methods like experiments or interviews to get more data, they use a lot of techniques.

This is how researchers use different methods/ways to find out data to help them solve a problem or prove a point.

Make sure research is reliable

This used to be a big thing for me, i thought researching wasnt necessary and almost a wasted of time, I've since come to find that it's very fulfilling and gave a sense of accomplishment after seeing all my work put together.

Research is used by anyone and can be used to gain knowledge for personal and professional use.

This method can actually show cause and effect because researchers control what happens

This type looks at relationships between two things but doesn't prove that one causes the other

looking at different groups at the same time

Super useful for showing effect, but it takes a long time to finish

Its handy because the data is already there, but you're limited to what's been collected before.

People questioning to collect info about their habit

Watching people or kids in their normal setting without them knowing they're being watched

This is when Researchers focus on one person or a small group to learn a lot about them

Constant monitoring, even in the workplace, can translate to normal life activities; citizens may feel uneasy due to the surveillance that is being done on them without them knowing.

These same surveillance tools are used in a government context as well, for example, facial recognition, and also geolocation.

Shows how the U.S. government is looking at surveillance activities, and also how the U.S. government is looking at data collection through many different viewpoints.

Relates to my question by showing how employers' use of technology to monitor employees leaves employees with a feeling of uneasiness due to privacy concerns.

This relates to my topic in that it reports on how surveillance technologies are being utilized and how they are employed in workplaces, specifically.

I feel this too. When people think there’s no consequence, some go extreme—hate raids, doxxing help-threads, or “sock-puppet” pile-ons feel way too easy under full anonymity. But I’ve also seen anonymity protect the right people: a student reporting harassment, a queer kid seeking help, a worker blowing the whistle. So I don’t want a blanket ban; I want guardrails: stable pseudonyms with reputation, stronger friction for brand-new throwaways, and a clear, due-process path to unmask only in severe cases (credible threats, coordinated harm). That balance keeps space for the vulnerable while making it harder to weaponize the mask.

An effective method to delivering your ideas to others is by making a research paper

Breaking down these questions are like pieces, and when you put them all together, they help you see the full picture

Writing a paper should make you think more deeply, connect different ideas, and share your own thoughts about what you’ve learned

Your instructor teacher knows what the assignment requires, so their advice can help you pick a topic that meets all the guidelines.

Different types of sources serve different purposes. Choosing the right ones helps you gather strong, reliable evidence for your paper.

Don’t pick a topic that’s so specific you can’t find enough information. Choose one that’s focused but still has enough sources to research.

The narrowed topic is easier to research and allows you to create a clear, focused thesis statement.

Become knowledgeable about a topic you’re interested in, and writing about it helps you remember what you learned and understand it better.

If you don’t have a plan before you start, you might waste a lot of time looking for the info you actually need

It’s a good idea to make a research plan so you can stay on track and make sure your paper does what you want it to in the end.

It’s a good idea to make a research plan so you can stay on track and make sure your paper does what you want it to in the end.

research paper uses information from other sources to help build and support your own point of view

You need to organize your ideas clearly and use facts to tell a story or support your argument.

A research paper shares your main point or purpose about a topic, and you back it up with information you find from different places.

Figuring out a mystery, you’re trying to understand how something works or why it happened. You’re asking a question about something in the world that you and others want to understand better.

Determining what you want to write about when given an assignment is very important

if you need to revise your thesis statement, ask questions and reflect on the answers to said questions

a thesis forms a structure of how your points will be demonstrated

Using strong verbs helps your thesis stand out. It shows exactly what you’re arguing or claiming, rather than just stating a general fact.

reader approaches writing with their own perspective. As a result, your message could become unclear or misunderstood.

Don’t use broad words that could mean anything—pick exact words so your reader knows exactly who or what you’re talking about.

When you question your own opinions and find solid reasons to support them, you end up with a clearer viewpoint to use

An Ex would be: Social media has a big impact on teenagers.

As you write, you focus more on how social media affects teenagers’ mental health. So, you update your thesis to:

Social media negatively affects teenagers’ mental health by increasing anxiety and lowering self-esteem.

You should make your point directly and confidently, without using those phrases because they can make your argument sound less convincing.

Your writing should be assertive and sure of itself, even if your viewpoint challenges what others think.

Every idea or point you include in your thesis, you need to have reasons and examples to support and prove it.

Your thesis should clearly show your viewpoint, not just give information. It needs to present an argument you can support with evidence.

This sets the stage for your entire paper and gives your audience a clear sense of direction from the very beginning.

This is a great way to eliminate all the bias. Understanding we are different and thats good.

Maybe using technology and the web to understand more about where they are from. Using this type of information to maybe share with the class.

Will we be able to do this without learning anything before? Is it something we will have to explain to them?

Stereotypes are very tricky to get over, and not to get into it. How can we manage not to get into it without meaning it?

I didn't really think about it this way. I would like to apply this to my classroom one day. It's a very different way to show culture.

I have a connection when I read this because it reminded me of Flag Day in my 5th-grade class. My elementary school had a student population that was 80% non-American. It was a wonderful way to understand and see other flags.

the emotional truth is the core of your messaging. Readers want to understand your experience, and most people view these as emotional journeys, many of which they can draw from their own personal emotional experiences that may be similar.

Filtration , warming ,humidifying and gas exchange

The lower respiratory tract goes deep into our lungs where gas exchange happens

2 central pathways in our body to receive oxygen

Breath sounds are important to detect what a patient is experiencing such as a blockage or fluid and more

Any abnormal positions like a tire pod position can be signs of distress.

You want the ventilation to be the same as your lungs would produce air which is why the timing is Important

Apnea is the complete absence of breathing

PPVDS help force oxygen into the lungs for patients who aren’t breathing adequately

A lot of practice can create muscle memory so in a emergency you can do it flawlessly

This is opening the mouth manually for an airway

This is to prevent making a patient paraplegic and a chance for a better recover

Chest trauma or pulmonary complications is not the only reason for inadequate breathing .

A reason like increased mucus production!

Oxygenating blood

Not properly ventilating

Research is very important we research to learn, and solve problem, and improve things.

On social media, for example, Instagram, I only post regarding my running. I share a very small portion of my life with the internet; therefore, some people only view me as an athlete. Meeting me in person or discovering other aspects of my life might initally seem inauthentic, as I am only seen as a runner. When they realize I am more than that, they can think I was inauthentic/hiding a part of myself. However, I feel like it does not compromise my authenticity. I am just portraying one aspect of my life, and it’s up to the consumer whether they choose to see my full personality or not.

Deformation allows for the discovery of many possibilities, and when reconstructing ancient civilizations, allows for an exercise in which one could view multiple possibilities for how each settlement was built where it was, and possibly catch relevant information that would be lost to one simply trying to prove a point.

This is a more progressive approach to modern learning, with the focus less on proving why things are the way you believe they are, and instead discovering many ways in which things could have been. The previous method was flawed, forcing one to think with a closed mind, only searching for things that could justify their arguments and being blind to the other arguments that could also be justified.

The information that these reconstructions can provide enables questions which could only be answered with conjecture to be realistically solved. It allows for more accurate research, especially into past events or those to come, which helps to build a true understanding of history.

These tools, becoming vital in current archaeological research, promote the approach of encouraging the use of modern technology. The capabilities between a person using these tools and a person who doesn't are so vast that it makes no sense to prohibit use. People should instead be taught to understand how these tools function and use them to better understand the material they are learning. The idea that people are becoming too reliant on new technology only applies to those who use technology for things they should do themselves, not for things that they can't do on their own.

This is a modern approach to learning that involves adapting to the current technological climate and encourages the use of new technology, rather than prohibiting it. It allows students to understand how the technology works, as well as learn the material.

The tapestry likewise functions as an early form of “public history,” designed to make elite political events visible to a broad audience. It translates conquest into spectacle promoting awareness not of archaeology, but of ideology. Like public archaeology, it mediates between expert creators and lay viewers, teaching through visual narrative.

I found this line interesting as it adds to the discourse on female voice, and it connects to the curious section of dialogue in “A Game of Chess.”

In the woman’s encounter with the “young man carbuncular,” she is given no agency—or, rather, no action at all on her part is marked. Not a single action verb follows the pronoun “she.” “Is” is not an action verb (it is a linking verb), and it is used to describe her state as “bored and tired”—thus a mere projection by Tiresias (a man). In fact, lack of action is what is marked. The man’s “caresses” are “unreproved,” his “exploring hands” encounter “no defense,” and his “vanity…makes a welcome of indifference.” The woman’s entire functioning appears to be gone. The connection to John Donne’s Elegy XIX. To His Mistress Going to Bed furthers this.

The one thing left is her voice—not outer (clearly) but inner. But this is operating on the lowest level. It is a singular (“one”), “half-formed” thought that comes. What is interesting is that this is all “her brain allows”—she is stopping herself, or rather a part of her or something inside of her is, as evidently there are two sides. But these two sides—her brain and from wherever thoughts issue (also the brain?)—are natural, integral parts of the self. What is going on here?

But there is definitely a control running through the encounter—and perhaps extending beyond?—as if the whole thing had been laid out. The woman, afterwards, “smoothes her hair with automatic hand” and “puts a record on the gramophone”—set to go round and round and round. The reference to The Vicar of Wakefield appears to add to this, and so does the odd use of the colon, somehow urging an inevitability. I think it has all been laid out—with Tiresias, who can see the future, looming over the scene.

In terms of connection to the dialogue in “A Game of Chess,” there seems to be some sort of comment on women’s agency and what is asked of them: “‘Speak to me. Why do you never speak. Speak. / ‘What are you thinking of? What thinking? What? / ‘I never know what you are thinking. Think.’” I would like to explore this further.

This is a genuine societal issue, putting too much trust in the information that computers give to you, or relying on them for tasks which you could easily complete without them. Almost like if it wasn't developed with the assistance of technology, it is deemed unworthy as if it needs a computers approval to be validated. This raises the importance of cross checking information given to you from the internet, and making sure to not blindly follow the word of the computer.

The news emphasizes a unified national effort—by the government, regulators, and the private sector—to achieve medicine security and transform the Philippine pharmaceutical industry into a stronger, more self-reliant, and globally competitive sector.

Opportunities for Capital Centre:

Use Bay Today for content marketing: artists interviews, behind-the-scenes features, gallery previews.

-Channels: Bay Today acts as a promotional/media channel (earned media).

-Customer Relationships: The Centre can leverage local media to reach its base and potential new audiences.

-Bay Today is a local new outlet, I found adverts/announcements referencing Capitol Centre events (Capitol Centre Benefit Bash).

-They serve as a community communications channel, publishing arts, culture, and event notices.

This dependant relationship between machine and people is what makes it acceptable for intellect to be given to machines. They are capable of doing calculations at speeds that are impossible for any human, but they remain machines with a need for directives. This is what keeps them as tools, allowing them to act as an extension of a person and enables that person to develop their ideas into reality.

-Invest in digital/streaming/recorded content, to reach beyond the local catchment.

-Value Proposition: ‘’Canada stage’’ bringing top-tier national and international work to local audiences, plus cultivating new Canadian works.

While controversial, the addition of intelligence to digital cognitive artifacts making them operate independently from humans, remains a completely necessary step in advancement. There are some tasks which would simply require too much time, or are actually impossible for humans to complete if the process relied on their intelligence alone. The ability for an artifcat to work on its own allows for an incredible increase in effeciency, making things that were deemed impossible 20 years ago into a reality.

-Key partnerships: Federal/ provincial arts councils, sponsors, other institutions, touring networks.

It emphasizes digital reach (streaming, online content) and cross-Canada engagement.

-Channels: live stages, digital streaming, national broadcasting, touring.

Is a national-level performing arts institution, presenting theatre, music, dance, and indigenous programming on a national stage.

This is the line of thinking that has fast tracked technological evolution, for better or for worse. The idea that our intellect is humanities greatest advantage, and that if we desire something that we are incapable of accomplishing ourselves, we create a tool which makes it possible. The idea of recreating a simulation of an ancient civilization would have been seen as an impossible magic even a couple hundred years ago.

Strategic levering Use the gallery as a ‘’gateway’’ into theatre audiences: people who come for gallery openings may stay or return for performances in the Capitol Centre.

-Customer relationships: They actively engage volunteers and local artists, which builds ownership and advocacy.

-Value Proposition: As same as the Capitol Centre, they have a focus on uniting the community, here they reflect the diversity of promoting art and helping small artists grow, and this is a place to exhibit, network, and be part of the gallery community.

I totally agree that critiques should be a two-way conversation rather than just one person pointing out flaws. It makes a lot more sense when both the designer and the critic are actively explaining their reasoning because it feels more collaborative that way. I also like the idea that critiques are only as good as the person giving them as it reminds me how important it is to get feedback from people who actually understand the problem you’re solving.

I partially agree with this statement. From a professional perspective, it’s true that having a critic with expertise in the subject often leads to more meaningful and targeted feedback. Experts can identify deeper design issues, point out technical limitations, and suggest informed improvements that align closely with the problem being solved. Their insights usually help refine the project at a more advanced level. However, I also think that feedback from non-experts can still be valuable, even if it doesn’t directly address the substance of the problem. Sometimes, people outside the field can highlight user experiences or emotional reactions that experts might overlook. For example, in a UX design project, a non-expert user might not understand the interface logic or find a certain feature confusing. While this feedback might not tackle the technical side of the design, it still reveals accessibility or clarity issues that are crucial for improving the user experience.

I agree with this explanation of what intuitive is supposed to mean. There have been so many times where I've heard people say that "this product has such an intuitive design", and I've always wondered what that meant. I always thought intuitive meant easy to use and explicit, but I guess it doesn't. Information is only made sense of easily if the person understanding it has some level of previous knowledge that shapes their perception of the design. This part of the reading changes my perspective. I no longer think "intuitive" is a useful way of describing design because it's too vague and doesn't actually reflect what people are trying to say. Instead of saying a design is intuitive, I may use a different principle or explain what makes the information so easily understandable.

Ideas for Capitol Centre -Host ‘’Open studio’’ days, live art-making events, community workshops to heighten foot traffic and public awareness.

-Adopt stronger ‘’Get involved’’ call for more curated artist calls, volunteer roles, behind-the-scenes tours.

This explosion in the use of photogrammetry as a means of three-dimensional survey was exactly what allowed my research proposal to become a possibility. With this technology it will be possible to reconstruct the settlement locations of ancient greece and allow for further research into proving my hypothesis. This is an example of the web of options opened up with a significant technological breakthrough.

it is highlights how the digital tools we use do more than organize data—they actively shape how we think about and interpret the past. He suggests that technologies “operate on us as well as for us,” meaning they influence not only the results of our research but also the cognitive processes that produce those results. This idea connects directly to my project on Tang poetry and emotion. When I use computational methods such as Voyant Tools and SnowNLP to analyze the emotional vocabulary of poems from the Tang dynasty, these tools shape the patterns I see and the questions I ask. For example, frequency counts or sentiment scores may emphasize some emotions while downplaying others that are culturally embedded in Chinese language and history. Therefore, as Huggett proposes, I must approach these technologies consciously and critically. They can scaffold my thought by helping me visualize large poetic patterns, but they can also reshape my understanding of the texts I study. This awareness encourages me to balance quantitative data with close reading and historical sensitivity, ensuring that the digital analysis deepens rather than distorts my interpretation of Tang emotional expression.

-White Water Gallery is a visual arts gallery in the region in North Bay that invites the community to come here to the Capitol centre as well. -They emphasize ‘’Get involved’’ community artists, volunteers, and donor support.

When Jeniffer fell at the Oscars, she was seen as a more relatable figure, showing her faults and vulnerability. The video talks about how, at the time, she was celebrated for her openness; however, as time went on, she was criticized for her persona. It also talks about how Anne Hathaway gives off a contrasting personality of being extremely genuine and put-together. Both personalities are criticized, highlighting how female celebrities are seen as more inauthentic in relation to men, and how they have to be very careful and calculated on how they get portrayed in order to not be judged.

-Can a smaller city like North Bay support a similarly diverse complex or is the scale too large?

-What is the capital burden of building or upgrading multiple venues?

The multi-venue model allows simultaneous programming: theatre, recital, film. Capitol centre might consider diversifying (black-box studio, film screening room) to generate more programming flexibility.

Focus on urban activation: they oriented architecture to face the street, making the building part of the public realm.

Value Propositions: A multi-venue cultural hub, mix of local and national acts, and integration with university/education.

They emphasize being a catalyst for downtown cultural/economic renewal.

The number of seats is bigger than the Capitol centre, each venue has a different amount of seats: Partridge Hall (770), Robertson Theatre (210), Recital Hall (300), and Film House (199).

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-Balancing between local community interest and attracting touring content.

-Advertising and promoting the place can also be a challenge since there are new people who do not know the place.

What’s Going On With Marjorie Taylor Greene?<br /> by [[Will Gottsegen]] - The Atlantic<br /> accessed on 2025-10-12T16:47:40

-Value Propositions: Diverse arts and cultural offerings under one roof (visual and performing arts) create a community engagement.

-Customer segments: Art lovers, local community, schools, among other local people…

-The Capitol Centre operates two main venues: The Betty Speers and The WKP Kennedy Gallery (as partnership) -There are many local artists and increasing local and touring visual art exhibitions, theatre, concerts, films, dance, comedy, civic events…

There is a lot of learning going on between the coach and the teacher.

I agree! questioning is a powerful tool that reveals understanding and guides deeper learning.

I feel gradual release is powerful tool to use. I use it with my mentees.

I agree this is very important practice to do together that way the novice teacher understands better the process.

The imagery of the white hills introduces the story’s central symbol.he “white hills” evoke both purity and sterility, foreshadowing the central tension surrounding fertility and the possibility of abortion. The opposing imagery of “white” hills and the “brown and dry” land mirrors the dichotomy between life and barrenness, reflecting the couple’s emotional divide and the choice they face.

I like how Deborah connects the past about literacy learning and teaching to how it is today!

“The writing process ensures that you stay organized and focused while allowing you to break up a larger assignment into several distinct tasks.”

I like this part because it reminds me that writing doesn’t have to feel overwhelming if I take it step by step. I usually try to finish everything in one sitting, so learning to slow down and follow a process could really help me improve my writing.

« Monsieur l'Administrateur général » est habituellement écrit au long dans les autres documents, sans la majuscule à « général ». Pouvez-vous confirmer que l'honorifique est bien abbrévié dans ce document et que la majuscule est présente ?

Puisque la thèse est désormais soutenue, y a-t-il un lien où il serait possible de renvoyer le lectorat ? Elle pourrait minimalement être intégrée à la bibliographie.

On lit plus haut « Sài Gòn ». Pourquoi l'orthographier autrement ici ?

Un peu de contexte supplémentaire serait nécessaire ici. Dans le passage précédent, on croit comprendre que la demande de stage de Phan Vô Kỵ à la bibliothèque nationale est refusée ; il est pourtant ici question de « retour à Sài Gòn » (depuis la France, croit-on comprendre). Vous citez également le dossier personnel d'employé de Phan Vô Kỵ à la BnF : y a-t-il donc finalement occupé un rôle ? Si c'est le cas, il serait bon de préciser lequel.

Y a-t-il une raison pour laquelle « Sud Viêtnam » est orthographié de deux manières différentes ?

On devrait lire « quels efforts nous avons faits », puisque « faits », participe passé de l'auxiliaire « avoir », s'accorde en nombre avec le complément d'objet direct « efforts », placé devant. Si le texte de la citation a été reproduit fidèlement, il faudrait l'accompagner de la mention [sic].

Serait-il possible d'également donner son prénom, ou sa première initiale ?

VALEASE était désigné par l'abbréviation seulement : elle a été résolue lors de la première occurrence.

Proper support is very important on the development of new teacher. Without guidance new teachers fall back.

Emotional support is huge during the toughest first years of teaching!

I find encouraging messages have a lot of power.

analyzes the relationships among various identities, such as race, socioeconomic status, sexuality, gender, and more

• opsporing
• vervolging
• berechting
• rechtsmiddelen hoger beroep en cassatie

berechting begint niet op moment dat vervolging eindigt.

capm = Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Expected Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)

capm = coe = Rf + B x (Rm - Rf)

Even small interactions can build connection, hope, and positive energy.

This is a reminder of how important it is trust and honest conversations. When we hold back judgment and truly listen, people feel respected and open up more. It’s a simple but powerful way to build trust and stronger relationships.

As a teacher you have to make a lot of decisions and it takes time and experience to feel confident and make desicions on your own. That is why having a a guidance is very important.

Synthèse sur le rôle de l'alcool dans la société

Résumé

Ce document de synthèse analyse le rôle complexe et paradoxal de l'alcool dans la société, en se basant sur des perspectives historiques, socioculturelles, scientifiques et politiques.

L'alcool est présenté comme une substance à double tranchant : d'une part, un puissant lubrifiant social et un pilier de rituels culturels et de moments de convivialité, profondément ancré dans l'histoire de l'humanité depuis des millénaires.

D'autre part, il est une force destructrice majeure, responsable de 2 200 décès par jour en Europe selon l'OMS, lié à plus de 200 maladies, et engendrant des coûts sociétaux colossaux, estimés à 57 milliards d'euros par an rien qu'en Allemagne.

Le document met en lumière l'ambivalence fondamentale de la société face à l'alcool, oscillant entre sa célébration dans les rituels et la stigmatisation de la dépendance individuelle.

Les tentatives historiques et modernes de régulation se sont souvent heurtées à une forte résistance populaire, illustrant la difficulté de gérer une substance si intimement liée au plaisir, à l'identité et à la cohésion sociale.

En définitive, les politiques les plus efficaces pour réduire les méfaits de l'alcool, à savoir l'augmentation des prix et la limitation de l'accès, se heurtent à cette acceptation culturelle profondément enracinée.

1. Le Paradoxe Fondamental de l'Alcool : Plaisir et Destruction

L'alcool occupe une place centrale et ambivalente dans la société, incarnant à la fois le plaisir et le danger.

Cette dualité est au cœur de notre rapport à cette substance.

• Le Côté Positif : L'alcool est associé à des sensations agréables, comme une "douce sensation de chaleur dans le ventre", et à des contextes plaisants.

Il est perçu comme un facilitateur de convivialité, pouvant donner lieu à des "conversations intéressantes" et favoriser le sentiment d'appartenance.

Une citation résume bien ce paradoxe :

"je dis toujours que j'ai passé certaines des meilleures nuits de ma vie avec de l'alcool et aussi certaines des pires."

• Le Côté Sombre : Son pouvoir destructeur est immense.

◦ Mortalité : L'OMS estime qu'environ 2 200 personnes meurent chaque jour en Europe à cause de l'alcool.      ◦ Maladies : Des études récentes lient une consommation régulière d'alcool à plus de 200 maladies.   

◦ Dépendance : L'alcool est la troisième substance la plus addictive en Allemagne, après le tabac et les médicaments.

En France, une personne sur dix a un problème avec l'alcool.   

◦ Conséquences Sociales : Il mène à la solitude, l'anxiété, la dépression et la dépendance.

Bien que la consommation globale soit en baisse en Europe, elle reste significative.

En Allemagne, elle est passée de 141 L à 115 L de boisson alcoolisée par an et par habitant depuis 2008, ce qui équivaut encore à "une bière par jour".

2. Une Perspective Historique : Un Compagnon de l'Humanité

La relation de l'humanité avec l'alcool est millénaire, suggérant qu'il a pu jouer un rôle dans notre évolution et le développement de nos civilisations.

• Origines Ancestrales : Des indices suggèrent que l'alcool est "aussi vieux que l'humanité".

◦ Des archéologues ont découvert en Chine des récipients contenant des restes de vin vieux de 9 000 ans.   

◦ En Géorgie, la consommation d'alcool remonte à au moins 8 000 ans.  

◦ La découverte est probablement fortuite, issue de fruits fermentés naturellement.

• Avantages Historiques :

◦ Source d'Énergie : 1 gramme d'alcool contient 7 calories, soit presque le double des protéines ou des glucides.  

◦ Sécurité Sanitaire : L'alcool dissout la membrane des germes, rendant les boissons fermentées (bière, vin) plus sûres à consommer que l'eau potentiellement contaminée.  

◦ Moyen de Paiement : La bière était utilisée comme une quasi-monnaie.

Un bulletin de paie en argile de Mésopotamie, vieux de 5 000 ans, indique des unités de bière.

En Égypte, les ouvriers des pyramides étaient rémunérés en bière.

• Consommation Massive : Au Moyen Âge en Europe, des chercheurs estiment la consommation à 3 litres de boisson alcoolisée par jour et par habitant, y compris pour les enfants.

3. Le Rôle Socioculturel : Ciment des Relations Humaines

L'alcool est omniprésent dans les structures sociales, agissant comme un "lubrifiant social" et un marqueur des moments importants.

• Cohésion Sociale :

◦ Il favorise le "sentiment d'appartenance" en créant une expérience collective.   

◦ Une expérience a montré qu'un groupe consommant un peu de vodka "interagissait davantage, riait beaucoup plus et passait globalement un moment plus agréable".  

◦ Des études indiquent que les personnes qui fréquentent régulièrement les bars avec modération sont mieux intégrées socialement.

• Rituels et Célébrations : L'alcool sert à marquer la frontière entre le "quotidien et la normalité de l'exceptionnel".

◦ Il est présent à chaque étape de la vie : naissance ("mouiller la tête"), mariages (champagne), enterrements.   

◦ Même dans un contexte religieux, le vin est utilisé pour représenter le sang du Christ.  

◦ Utiliser une boisson plus chère et exceptionnelle comme le champagne pour un anniversaire est une façon de "marquer un moment solennel".

• Influence sur le Développement Sociétal :

◦ Sédentarisation : Une théorie postule que la production de bière sur des sites comme Göbekli Tepe (il y a 12 000 ans) a pu renforcer la cohésion sociale et inciter les groupes humains à se sédentariser.    

◦ Infrastructures : La production d'alcool a influencé le développement des moyens de transport (fûts), des espaces de stockage et des bâtiments (brasseries).

• Variations Culturelles : Les coutumes de consommation varient :

◦ Norvège : Sobriété la semaine, forte consommation le week-end.  

◦ France/Italie : Un verre de vin au déjeuner.

4. Impacts sur la Santé et Mécanismes d'Action

D'un point de vue chimique et biologique, les effets de l'alcool sur le corps expliquent à la fois son attrait et sa dangerosité.

• La Molécule d'Éthanol : Petite molécule (deux atomes de carbone, six d'hydrogène, un d'oxygène), elle traverse facilement la barrière hémato-encéphalique pour agir sur le cerveau.

• Action sur les Neurotransmetteurs : L'alcool influence trois systèmes principaux : | Système | Effet Principal | Conséquence | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | GABA | Anxiolytique | Sensation de détente, réduction de l'anxiété | | Glutamate | Augmente la vigilance | Stimulation de la présence et de l'attention | | Dopamine | Rend heureux | Sensation de plaisir, voire d'euphorie |

• Toxicité Métabolique :

◦ Le foie transforme l'alcool en acétaldéhïde, qui est un "poison".   

◦ Cette substance circule dans le sang et atteint tous les organes (cerveau, peau, etc.).  

◦ Dommages Spécifiques : L'alcool peut provoquer des gastrites (attaque des muqueuses de l'estomac), endommager le foie, entraîner une atrophie du cervelet et être toxique pour le pancréas.  

◦ Risque de Cancer : La consommation régulière d'alcool augmente le risque de tumeurs et de cancer.

5. Dépendance, Coûts et Ambivalence Sociétale

La société entretient une relation contradictoire avec l'alcool, le célébrant tout en laissant les individus gérer seuls ses conséquences les plus graves.

• La Dépendance :

◦ La plus grande difficulté est le déni : "plus les gens sont dépendants, moins ils se rendent compte qu'ils le sont."   

◦ La dépendance isole l'individu, produisant l'effet inverse du sentiment d'appartenance initialement recherché.

• Coûts Économiques :

◦ Selon l'annuaire des addictions, l'alcool coûte 57 milliards d'euros par an en Allemagne.  

◦ Ces coûts incluent les délits, la violence, la conduite en état d'ivresse, les arrêts maladie et les traitements.

• L'Hypocrisie Sociale :

◦ La société vend l'alcool comme "quelque chose de positif associé à des fêtes", mais "ceux qui ne savent pas gérer leur consommation sont livrés à eux-mêmes".

La responsabilité est individualisée.   

◦ Cette ambivalence se reflète dans les politiques publiques : en 2024, la Société allemande de nutrition a recommandé "zéro alcool", tandis que 30 % du budget de prévention des addictions était supprimé.  

◦ La publicité pour l'alcool reste peu réglementée et la "consommation accompagnée" (dès 14 ans) est autorisée en Allemagne.

6. Les Tentatives de Régulation et la Résistance Populaire

L'histoire montre que les tentatives de contrôle de la consommation d'alcool par les autorités se sont souvent soldées par des échecs face à la pression sociale.

• Le Cas de la Bavière (1844) : Le roi Louis Ier a tenté d'augmenter le prix de la bière.

La mesure a provoqué de tels "remous au sein de la population" qu'elle a été annulée après seulement quatre jours.

L'alcool est perçu comme un "dernier bastion qui nous permet de nous distinguer en tant qu'être humain".

• La Campagne de Gorbatchev (années 1980) : Mikhaïl Gorbatchev a lancé une campagne anti-alcool en URSS pour améliorer la santé publique.

◦ Résultats sanitaires : La mortalité a considérablement diminué durant cette période.   

◦ Échec politique : La campagne a été un "désastre" pour Gorbatchev, contribuant à sa chute. L'ironie veut qu'il ait cédé le pouvoir à Boris Eltsine, "notoirement alcoolique".

• La Prohibition aux États-Unis : Bien qu'elle ait généré un marché noir, la prohibition a entraîné une baisse considérable de la consommation d'alcool et des maladies et décès qui y sont liés.

• L'Ambivalence de l'Église : L'Église chrétienne a prêché la modération ("l'idéal chrétien de la juste mesure") tout en intégrant le vin dans ses rites les plus sacrés (la Cène, les noces de Cana), illustrant une "hypocrisie généralisée vis-à-vis de l'alcool".

7. Vers des Politiques Efficaces ?

Le document suggère que les campagnes de sensibilisation actuelles sont largement inefficaces et que des mesures plus structurelles sont nécessaires pour réduire les méfaits de l'alcool.

• Inefficacité des Campagnes : Les campagnes de sensibilisation sont jugées peu efficaces ; elles servent surtout à "donner bonne conscience".

• Les Deux Leviersefficaces : Pour réduire la consommation, deux mesures sont jugées primordiales :

1. Limiter l'accès à l'alcool.    2. Augmenter son prix.

• L'Exemple du Tabac : Le Royaume-Uni est cité en exemple.

Avec un paquet de cigarettes à 16 €, le taux de fumeurs est de 11,9 %, contre 24,5 % en France et 20,1 % en Allemagne, où les prix sont plus bas.

• La Question de la Fiscalité : Il est noté que l'alcool est "très bon marché" dans de nombreuses régions d'Europe. Par exemple, la taxe minimale sur le vin fixée au sein de l'UE est de 0 €.

8. Conclusion : Accepter une Réalité Humaine et Complexe

L'attrait pour l'alcool, malgré ses dangers connus, semble être une caractéristique profondément humaine, liée à une "dimension autodestructrice" ou à un "désir d'échapper à la réalité de la vie".

Les individus réagissent souvent avec colère aux avertissements, les percevant comme une forme d'infantilisation.

La conclusion suggère qu'il est peut-être impossible d'apprécier l'alcool "sans la double morale qui l'accompagne".

La première étape serait de reconnaître pleinement le paradoxe de l'alcool, ses avantages et ses inconvénients, afin d'apprendre à vivre avec cette substance complexe qui ne semble pas prête de disparaître de nos sociétés.

for - sleep - explanation

This is something I haven't considered. We have systematically limited the trust humans need to have in each other and yet we still search for reasons not to trust or to trust each other.

Incentive for repetitiveness that would go beyond a human’s patience

You would not want to use an LLM that was trained on material that people came up with only to train an LLM, given the economic incentives.

At that point you aren’t doing authorship, you’re doing - SEO? Propaganda?

taking from commercial industry as 'allowable' appropriation --- to reflect on culture is the artist's job, to reflect on that reflection (according to DB) isn't kosher

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Cleaning Type Slugs Fast ! Removing Clogged Dirty Ink Typewriter Service How to Shine Those Faces by [[Phoenix Typewriter]]

Duane cleans type slugs by draping the typewriter with cloths and then using a metal bristle brush and lacquer thinner. Small picks or an X-Acto knife can help to remove gunk from the interiors of the closed letters.

He also uses tape to cover up the red paint on the word "De Luxe" so that the lacquer thinner doesn't damage it.

He finishes off with a small shot of Nu-trol, which is a degreaser with some lubrication, and then follows up with a shot of compressed air to thin it out.

The slugs are the metal pieces at the ends of the assemblies that start at the tops of the keys and go through the key levers attach to the segment (the semi-circular metal comb-like part in the "basket") via the typebars. The slugs are the ones that have the backward characters on them and when they hit the ribbon cause the letters to be applied to the paper. Over time the small loops of the characters can get filled with dust, dirt, ink, and bits of ribbon and as a result the type on your page isn't as crisp and good looking as you'd like.

Here's a handful of videos with a variety of methods for cleaning one's slugs: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2s8tE6P0YMQ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgSAS45WGI0 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKGipBLA5Eo

You'll notice that for the day-to-day cleaning that people are using kneadable erasers, silly putty, or products like Bergeon Rodico 6033-1 as cleaning compounds for pulling ink and dust out quickly.

There are some good basics and a great glossary in Hints for a Happy Typewriter: https://typewriterdatabase.com/1983-Hints4HappyTypewriter.index.manual

I've also collected some great mid-century short films on use and basic maintenance here: https://boffosocko.com/2025/06/06/typewriter-use-and-maintenance-for-beginning-to-intermediate-typists/

Other resources you might find interesting: https://boffosocko.com/research/typewriter-collection/

reply to u/DatLonerGirl at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1o33p7n/when_was_the_last_time_you_cleaned_your_slugs/

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