444 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2024
    1. Some faculty members said theyfeared colleges failed to recognize the potential dangers of AI, and argued for acomplete ban, better detection tools, and a return to in-class, pen-and-papertest-taking.

      I think that we should learn how to use AI correctly,not using it to cheat

    2. That small number may simply reflect that professors who hadexperimented with AI — even if they concluded it is a danger to learning —probably had more reason to write to us.

      It was surprising for professors to realize that many students had limited knowledge about AI

    1. Die Folgen des Hamas-Überfalls auf Israel gefährden Fortschritte in der Klimapolitik massiv. Sie führen zu weiteren Vertrauensverlusten, die internationale Kooperation behindern, begünstigen Investitionen in Öl, verringern möglicherweise staatliche Ausgaben für erneuerbare Energien und könnte, wenn es zu Preiserhöhungen für Öl kommt, der Biden-Aministration in den USA innenpolitisch schaden. Ausführlicher, auf Experten gestützter Artikel in der New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/23/climate/gaza-war-climate-change.html

  2. Jan 2024
    1. Der Chef des größten Zertifizierers sogenannter Carbon Offsets ist zurückgetreten. Erst vor kurzem hatte eine Analyse des Guardia, der ZEIT und weiterer Publikationen ergeben, dass die Kompensationen für das Emittieren von Treibhausgasen, die von Verra zertifiziert wurden und werden, weitgehend nicht mit realen Emissionsminderungen verbunden sind. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/23/ceo-of-worlds-biggest-carbon-credit-provider-says-he-is-resigning

  3. Dec 2023
  4. Nov 2023
    1. Eine neue Studie ergibt, dass sich das Abschmelzen des westantarktischen Eisschilds selbst dann fortsetzen wird, wenn die Erderhitzung auf 1,5° begrenzt wird. Das Schelfeis stellt ein Kipppelememt dar. Der Abschmelzvorgang verstärkt sich selbst und führt zu einer unaufhaltsamen Erhöhung des Meeresspiegels, weil er den Weg für das hinter dem Schelfeis gelegene Gletschereis frei macht. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000192327/meterhoher-meeresanstieg-durch-abschmelzen-des-westantarktischen-eisschelfs

      Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01818-x

      Mehr zur Studie: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%27report%3A+Unavoidable+future+increase+in+West+Antarctic+ice-shelf+melting%27

    1. Der westantarktische Eisschild wird in diesem Jahrhundert dreimal schneller abschmelzen als im vergangenen, selbst wenn es gelingt, die globale Erhitzung auf 1,5 Grad zu begrenzen. Einer neuen Studie zufolge wurde einer der Kipppunkte, unterhalb derer das Klimasystem stabil bleibt, überschritten. Dadurch wird es zu einem so großen Anstieg des Meeresspiegels kommen, dass mehrere Küstenstädte aufgegeben werden müssen. Die Studie stützt sich nur auf eine einzige Modellierung, wird aber von den Ergebnissen anderer Untersuchungen ergänzt. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/23/rapid-ice-melt-in-west-antarctica-now-inevitable-research-shows

      Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01818-x

  5. Oct 2023
    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shmita

      During shmita, the land is left to lie fallow and all agricultural activity, including plowing, planting, pruning and harvesting, is forbidden by halakha (Jewish law).

      The sabbath year (shmita; Hebrew: שמיטה, literally "release"), also called the sabbatical year or shǝvi'it (שביעית‎, literally "seventh"), or "Sabbath of The Land", is the seventh year of the seven-year agricultural cycle mandated by the Torah in the Land of Israel and is observed in Judaism.

    1. There are several occasions where the massebah is not associated with pagan worship. When the massebah is associated with the worship of Yahweh, the massebah is accepted as a valid expression of commitment to Yahweh.

      Massebah for pagan worship: - Exodus 23:24 (https://hypothes.is/a/r3m5QmyDEe6SC8eLYcJE1Q) - Hosea 10:1 (https://hypothes.is/a/4PK2GGyDEe6wZg_r2YpVCA ) - 2 Kings 18:4 - 2 Kings 23:14

      Massebah for worship of Yahweh: - Genesis 28:18 Jacob's pillow (https://hypothes.is/a/NF5p8Gx6Ee65Rg_J4tfaMQ)<br /> - Genesis 31:44-45 Jacob and Laban's covenant - Exodus 24:4 - Joshua 24:25-27

    2. in violation of the demands of the covenant, the people of Israel erected sacred stones dedicated to other gods (Hosea 10:1). In their religious reforms, both Hezekiah (2 Kings 18:4) and Josiah (2 Kings 23:14) destroyed the sacred pillars which the people of Israel had dedicated to the worship of Baal.
    3. During the establishment of the covenant between Yahweh and Israel, the people were commanded to destroy the sacred stones of the Canaanites, “You must demolish them and break their sacred stones (masseboth) to pieces” (Exodus 23:24).

      In neighboring cultures in which both have oral practices relating to massebah, one is not just destroying "sacred stones" to stamp out their religion, but it's also destroying their culture and cultural memory as well as likely their laws and other valuable memories for the function of their society.

      View this in light also of the people of Israel keeping their own sacred stones (Hosea 10:1) as well as the destruction of pillars dedicated to Baal in 2 Kings 18:4 and 2 Kings 23:14.

      (Link and) Compare this to the British fencing off the land in Australia and thereby destroying Songlines and access to them and the impact this had on Indigenous Australians.

      It's also somewhat similar to the colonialization activity of stamping out of Indigenous Americans and First Nations' language in North America, though the decimation of their language wasn't viewed in as reciprocal way as it might be viewed now. (Did colonizers of the time know about the tremendous damage of language destruction, or was it just a power over function?)

  6. Sep 2023
  7. Aug 2023
    1. Collective Responsibility for Action

      "[How] can I make a difference? One person with good intentions in a bad world cannot make a difference. This is what the structure of our society makes me believe. Yet I know that if I take the stand, others will follow"

      I find this quote to be so true! How many stands of action haven't we had in the past few years? It all starts with ONE person, and the rest who support that person or their ideas will follow them and stand next to them to try to make a change with that person. It is likely that if more people were to have this same mindset, there would be more people standing up for the good.

  8. Feb 2023
  9. Jan 2023
    1. Don't you notice that the power of seeing and what's seen dohave such a need?"

      I find this certain sentence within this section of the reading to be actually a bit confusing to myself. The question that is being posed here is just something I don't quite understand. When the question of "don't you notice that the power of seeing and what's seen do have such a need?" is being asked, what exactly is the difference between the power of seeing and what's seen? I understand it is a very philosophical question I suppose, but what does the question and the difference between the two mean?

    1. My takeaways

      why the LS? → conventional structures are either too inhibiting (e.g. presentations, status reports, managed discussions) or too loose/disorganized (e.g. open discussions, brainstorms) → conv. structures fail and generate frustrations → no space for new/good ideas to emerge

      what are the LS? → 33 methods/tools to replace traditional meeting/facilitation structures → aim to include everyone

      for whom? → everyone from C-suite to grassroots organizations

      how? → minimal structure through simple constraints → DOs and DON'Ts

      principles 1. Include and Unleash Everyone 2. Practice Deep Respect for People and Local Solutions 3. Build Trust As You Go 4. Learn by Failing Forward 5. Practice Self-Discovery Within a Group 6. Amplify Freedom AND Responsibility 7. Emphasize Possibilities: Believe Before You See 8. Invite Creative Destruction To Enable Innovation 9. Engage In Seriously-Playful Curiosity 10. Never Start Without Clear Purpose

  10. Mar 2022
    1. The historic books of the Bible were written by a “Yahweh only party” and are thus keenly critical of the worship of other gods in Judah. Still, it is clear from their description that polytheism was the norm in the First Temple period. It was only during King Josiah’s reform that the "Yahweh only party" really took control and began pushing other gods out of Judean minds.

      Polytheism was the cultural norm during the First Temple period. It wasn't until the reforms of King Josiah described in 2 Kings in the second half of the 7th century BCE that other Semitic gods were actively removed from the Temple and parts of culture in favor of Yahweh.

    2. The Bible also recounts that the ancient Hebrews worshipped a god named Moloch, who was associated with the Ammonites and with child sacrifice. This worship too was stamped out by Josiah in the same reform (e.g. 2 Kings 23:10).
    3. Yet the ancient Hebrews clearly adored them just like the other West Semites did. Ezekiel (8:16) recounts seeing people worshiping the sun in the Temple. We can infer this because the bible specifically condemns their worship, and we are told that Josiah took actions to stomp out the cult in the late First Temple period, the second half of the 7th century B.C.E. These actions included removing cult objects from the Temple itself (2 Kings 23:11).
  11. Sep 2021
  12. Jul 2021
  13. Mar 2021
    1. Results for individual PALB2 variants were normalized relative to WT-PALB2 and the p.Tyr551ter (p.Y551X) truncating variant on a 1:5 scale with the fold change in GFP-positive cells for WT set at 5.0 and fold change GFP-positive cells for p.Y551X set at 1.0. The p.L24S (c.71T>C), p.L35P (c.104T>C), p.I944N (c.2831T>A), and p.L1070P (c.3209T>C) variants and all protein-truncating frame-shift and deletion variants tested were deficient in HDR activity, with normalized fold change <2.0 (approximately 40% activity) (Fig. 1a).

      AssayResult: 0.6

      AssayResultAssertion: Abnormal

      StandardErrorMean: 0.07

      Comment: This variant was reported as c.2145_2146delT p.(Asp715Glufs2), however the numbering implies the deletion of two nucleotides. The deletion of TA, c.2145_2146delTA, gives the reported protein change (p.(Asp715Glufs2), and was assumed to be the intended variant. Use this evidence with caution.

    2. A total of 84 PALB2 patient-derived missense variants reported in ClinVar, COSMIC, and the PALB2 LOVD database were selected

      HGVS: NM_024675.3:c.2145_2146delTA p.(Asp715Glufs*2)

    1. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

      AssayResult: 98.25

      AssayResultAssertion: Not reported

      PValue: > 0.9999

      Comment: Exact values reported in Table S3.

    2. To this end, 44 missense variants found in breast cancer patients were identified in the ClinVar database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar) and/or selected by literature curation based on their frequency of description or amino acid substitution position in the protein (Supplemental Table S1).

      HGVS: NM_024675.3:c.3122A>C p.(Lys1041Thr)

    1. Source Data

      AssayResult: 78.3

      AssayResultAssertion: Not reported

      ReplicateCount: 2

      StandardErrorMean: 11.75

      Comment: Exact values reported in “Source Data” file.

    2. Source Data

      AssayResult: 100.07

      AssayResultAssertion: Not reported

      ReplicateCount: 2

      StandardDeviation: 6.18

      StandardErrorMean: 4.37

      Comment: Exact values reported in “Source Data” file.

    3. We, therefore, analyzed the effect of 48 PALB2 VUS (Fig. 2a, blue) and one synthetic missense variant (p.A1025R) (Fig. 2a, purple)29 on PALB2 function in HR.

      HGVS: NM_024675.3:c.2593T>C p.(S865P)

    1. Most Suspected Brugada Syndrome Variants Had (Partial) Loss of Function

      AssayResult: 109.1

      AssayResultAssertion: Normal

      ReplicateCount: 26

      StandardErrorMean: 14.8

      Comment: This variant had normal function (75-125% of wildtype peak current, <1% late current, no large perturbations to other parameters). These in vitro features are consistent with non-disease causing variants. (Personal communication: A. Glazer)

    2. we selected 73 previously unstudied variants: 63 suspected Brugada syndrome variants and 10 suspected benign variants

      HGVS: NM_198056.2:c.2497G>A p.(Gly833Arg)

  14. Feb 2021
    1. Supplemental material

      AssayResult: 96

      AssayResultAssertion: Normal

      Comment: See Table S3 for details

    2. Supplemental material

      AssayResult: 3.2

      AssayResultAssertion: Abnormal

      Comment: See Table S3 for details

    3. Supplemental material

      AssayResult: 105

      AssayResultAssertion: Normal

      Comment: See Table S2 for details

    4. Supplemental material

      AssayResult: 5.8

      AssayResultAssertion: Abnormal

      Comment: See Table S2 for details

    5. We analysed a total of 82 blood samples derived from 77 individuals (online supplemental table 3). These 77 individuals corresponded either to new index cases suspected to harbour a pathogenic TP53 variant or to relatives of index cases harbouring TP53 variants.

      HGVS: NM_000546.5:c.524G>A p.(Arg175His)

  15. Jan 2020
    1. RRID:ZFIN_ZDB-ALT-111010-23

      DOI: 10.7554/eLife.42455

      Resource: (ZFIN Cat# ZDB-ALT-111010-23,RRID:ZFIN_ZDB-ALT-111010-23)

      Curator: @evieth

      SciCrunch record: RRID:ZFIN_ZDB-ALT-111010-23


      What is this?

  16. Jun 2019
  17. May 2019
    1. The cutaneous lesion developed in the L. major infected footpad and tissue from the corresponding region of normal footpad was harvested for histopathological examination. The tissue was fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 24 h following which the tissue was dehydrated by incubating it with ascending concentrations of alcohol (50%, 70%, and 100% ethanol for 1 h each). Subsequently, tissue clearing was performed by incubating with xylene for 1 h following which paraffin embedding was performed. The embedded tissue was cut into multiple sections of 5 J.tm thickness using a microtome. The paraffin sections were then coated on slides and deparaffinization was carried out by treating with xylene. Subsequently, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed and the slides were visualized under a light microscope.
    2. Histopathological examination of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion
    1. DNA sequencing
    2. Automated DNA sequencing on plasmid templates or on PCR products was carried out with dye terminator cycle sequencing kits from Perkin-Elmer on an automated sequencer (model 377, Applied Biosystems), following the manufacturer’s instructions
    1. GST fusions of yeast RNA Pol I subunits were purified as described in (Werneret al., 2010). Yeaststrainsover expressing GST tagged RNA Pol I proteins were grown overnight at 30°C in 10 mL of SC-Ura medium with 2% glucose medium. Cells were pelleted, washed in SC-Ura with galactose. Protein expression was induced by transferring the entire pellet into200 mL of SC-Ura with 2% galatose to give a final OD600of 0.8-1.0. For proteins A190 and A43 that express at very low levels, the overnight culture volume and induction volume were doubled. Cells were cultured at 30°C harvested at 3.0-5.0 OD and washedwith ice cold water. The cell pellet was suspended in 5 mL of ice cold Buffer A (Section 2.1.6.7), 750 μL ofcell suspensions were aliquoted into 1.5 mL microfuge tubes and to this 500 μL glass beads were added. Cells were lysed by bead beating using a vortex mixer (VortexGenei -2 with mix-mate attachment), and the lysate was centrifuged at high speed for 15 min at 4°C. Supernatants were dispensed into a 15 mL conical tube and Triton X-100 was added to a final concentration of 1%. Pre-swollen glutathionebeads were washed in Buffer B(Section 2.1.6.7)from which 200 μL of 1:1 bead suspension was added to approximately 5 mL of A34 and A43 expressing cell lysate and 100 μL of 1:1 bead suspension was added to 5 mL of A190 cell lysate and incubated for 2 h at 4°C on a rotary mixer. Lysates were centrifuged at 5000 xgfor 2 min and the beads were washed with ice cold Buffer C (Section 2.2.6.6) twice. Beads were further washed with ice cold Buffer B followed by ice cold 1X phosphate buffered saline (PBS) twice. Beads were suspended in an equal volume of 1X PBS with protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma)
    2. Protein expression and purification from yeast
  18. Sep 2018
    1. in relation to the qualifications and appointment of the legislative councillors. Like him, I am quite of opinion that the conservative element ought, of necessity, to be the basis of the Legislative Council, to counterbalance the popular element. This principle governed the constitution of the House of Lords in England, that of the Legislative Council in Belgium, and that of every well organized representative government.

      §.23 of the Constitution Act, 1867. of the Constitution Act, 1867.

    1. In order to protect local interests, and to prevent sectional jealousies, it was found requisite that the three great divisions into which British North America is separated, should be represented in the Upper House on the principle of equality. There are three great sections, having different interests, in this proposed Confederation.
    2. To the Upper House is to be confided the protection of sectional interests ; therefore is it that the three great divisions are there equally represented, for the purpose of defending such interests against the combinations of majorities in the Assembly.
    1. But the very essence of our compact is that the union shall be federal and not legislative. Our Lower Canada friends have agreed to give us representation by population in the Lower House, on the express condition that they shall have equality in the Upper House. On no other condition could we have advanced a step ; and, for my part, I am quite willing they should have it. In maintaining the existing sectional boundaries and handing over the control of local matters to local bodies, we recognize, to a certain extent, a diversity of interests ; and it was quite natural that the protection for those interests, by equality in the Upper Chamber, should be demanded by the less numerous provinces.
    1. and that that province will approve of our having inserted the clause in question in the resolutions. The vote which took place last night in another place, shews that I am not mistaken in what I assert on this subject. One of the greatest objections which the honorable member for Hochelaga raises to the appointment of the legislative councillors by the Crown, is that their number will be fixed, and that, by consequence, it will prove an obstacle to the decisions and legislation of the Commons House of the Federal Parliament. In a word, the honorable member declares that the Legislative Council, so constituted, will be, to use an English expression, a nuisance. The honorable member should glance back at the past to consider how many councillors appointed for life there were in the Legislative Council at the time of the concession of the elective principle, and how many of those said councillors remain at the present day. He would have ascertained that in eight years the number had diminished by one-half. Of the forty-two or forty-three members which there were then, there now remain but twenty-one or twenty-two. (Hear, hear.) The honorable member for Hochelaga should also have admitted that in those eight years there had been such considerable changes among the elected councillors, that there was no danger of the Legislative Council not being at least accessible to the people. This diminution gives an average of three members a-year, and if we take the proportion between this diminution and that which would necessarily prevail among a larger number of councillors, we shall find that there will be at least five vacancies in each year. The honorable member must then perceive that, if it should happen that the Legislative Council should be so opposed to the views of the Lower House as systematically to reject the measures of the popular branch of the Legislature, at the end of a year or perhaps less, such changes would be effected by death or otherwise, that we should immediately have such an infusion of new blood, that any attempt of this kind could not be repeated for a long time. Besides, the Legislative Council will not constitute a separate class like the House of Lords in England. The councillors will come from among the people, with whom they will have interests in common, and it is absurd to suppose that they will be induced to oppose systematically and constantly the measures which the Lower House may enact in favor of the people and at their instance. The hon. member for Hochelaga, when on this subject, reproached the Attorney General for Upper Canada with having stated in his opening speech, that if he had to preside over the selection of the legislative councillors, he would see that the best qualified men were appointed.

      §§.23, 24, and 28 of the Constitution Act, 1867.

    2. There is one currency here, another in Newfoundland, another in Prince Edward Island, and so on. The shilling and pound of this province are different from the shilling and pound of Newfoundland and those of the other Maritime Provinces. But, with Confederation, all these matters would be placed under the control of our central legislature; the currency would become uniform throughout, and capital might be everywhere invested without obstacle. So also it will be with respect to the rights of authors, patents for mechanical inventions, &c.

      §§.91(14) and 91(23) of the Constitution Act, 1867.

  19. Aug 2018
    1. My honorable friend laughs, but I assure him, and he will not say I do so for the purpose of deceiving him, that having been present in Conference and in Council, having heard all the discussions and well ascertained the feelings of all associated with me, I have not a shadow of a doubt on my mind that full justice will be done in the selection of the first Federal Councillors, not only to those who may have been in the habit of acting with me, but also to those who have acted with my honorable friend the member for Hochelaga.

      §.23 of the Constitution Act, 1867.

    2. But it is further objected that the property qualification of the members of the Upper House from Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland may be either real or personal estate, while in the others it is to be real estate alone. This is correct ; but I fancy it matters little to us upon what species of property our friends in Prince Edward Island or in Newfoundland base their qualification. Here in Canada real estate is abundant ; every one can obtain it ; and admittedly by all it is the best qualification, if it be advisable to have any property qualification at all. But in Newfoundland it would be exceedingly inconvenient to enforce such a rule. The public lands there are not even surveyed to any considerable extent; the people are almost entirely engaged in fishing and commercial pursuits, and to require a real estate qualification would be practically to exclude some of its best public men from the Legislative Council. Then in Prince Edward Island a large portion of the island is held in extensive tracts by absentee proprietors and leased to the settlers. A feud of long standing has been the result, and there would be some difficulty in finding landed proprietors who would be acceptable to the people as members of the Upper House. This also must be remembered, that it will be a very different thing for a member from Newfoundland or Prince Edward Island to attend the Legislature at Ottawa from what it is for one of ourselves to go there. He must give up not only his time, but the comfort and convenience of being near home—and it is desirable to throw no unnecessary obstacle in the way of our getting the very best men from these provinces. (Hear.) But it is further objected that these resolutions do not define how the legislative councillors are to be chosen at first. I apprehend, however, there is no doubt whatever as regards that. Clause 14 says : “the first selection of the members to constitute the Federal Legislative Council shall be made from the members of the now existing legislative councils, by the Crown, at the recommendation of the General Executive Government, upon the nomination of the respective local governments.” The clear meaning of this clause simply is, that the present governments of the several provinces are to choose out of the existing bodies—so far as they can find gentlemen willing and qualified to serve—the members who shall at starting compose the Federal Legislative Council; that they are to present the names so selected to the Executive Council of British America when constituted—and on the advice of that body the Councillors will be appointed by the«- Crown. (Hear.) And such has been the spirit shown from first to last in carrying out the compact of July last by all the parties to it, that I for one have no apprehension whatever that full justice will not be done to the party which may be a minority in the Government, but is certainly not in a minority either in the country or in this House. I speak not only of Upper Canada but of Lower Canada as well—

      §.23 of the Constitution Act, 1867.

    1. our mock House of Commons is to be an aggregate of provincial delegations. Each man is to come to it ticketed as an Upper or Lower Canadian, a New Brunswick, a Nova Scotia, Newfoundlander, a Prince Edward Islander, or what not.

      §.23(5)) of the Constitution Act, 1867.

    2. Further, in Lower Canada, each locality is told that it may rest satisfied it will not be overlooked, for each is to be represented in the Legislative Council by a gentleman residing or holding property in it

      §.23(3)) of the Constitution Act, 1867.

  20. Jul 2018
    1. 15

      Step 22:

      Align the base of the desk with the previously assembled piece. Consult the graph for proper orientation.

      Step 23:

      Secure the legs into the main frame using 7 100218. Consult the graph for proper alignment.

    Tags

    Annotators

  21. Nov 2017
  22. Jun 2017
  23. Apr 2017
  24. Mar 2017
  25. Sep 2015
    1. 重申

      répéter 重申 chóngshēn 动 再一次说明(已表明的立场、理由、观点等)。 重申我们的不同意见。

    2. 聚集

      聚集 jùjí 动 会合;集中。 聚集各路人马

    3. 矛盾

      矛盾 máodùn ①名 矛和盾。《韩非子难一》中说:楚国有一个卖矛和盾的人夸口说,我的盾是最坚硬的,什么东西也戳不破;又说,我的矛是最锐利的,什么东西都能刺进去。有人问,用你的矛刺你的盾怎么样?那个人不能回答。后用“矛盾”比喻言论或行为自相冲突或两种事物彼此抵触,互不相容的现象。 这篇文章前后有很多矛盾。 ②名 指隔阂或嫌隙。 他们之间的矛盾由来已久。 ③名 哲学上指客观事物和人类思维中普遍存在着的对立的两方面之间互相排斥又互相依存的关系。 ④名 形式逻辑中指两个概念互相排斥或两个判断不能同真也不能同假的相互关系。 ⑤形 形容人或事物互相抵触或排斥。 这两项规则之间很矛盾 | 自相矛盾

    4. 峰会

      sommet 峰会 fēnghuì 名 高峰会议,即首脑会议。 两国峰会促进了经济合作。

    5. 阐释

      阐释 chǎnshì 动 说明并解释(较难懂的问题)。 重点阐释了一些疑难问题。

    6. 机制

      机制 jīzhì ①用机器制造的。 机制纸 | 机制水饺 ②名 机器的构造和工作原理。 联合收割机的机制。 ③名 借指有机体的构造、功能和相互关系。 皮肤的生理机制 ④名 借指由事物的内在规律及其与外部事物的有机联系所形成的系统。 市场机制 | 竞争机制

    7. 困扰

      困扰 kùnrǎo 动 围困搅扰;使处于困境而无法摆脱。 困扰敌人 | 整天被琐事困扰着。

    8. 作为

      作为 zuòwéi ①名 所作所为;行为。 自己的作为自己负责。 ②名 特指好的作为;成就。 有所作为 | 大有作为 ③动 指积极地履行自己的职责。 ④动 当作。 把他作为朋友看待。 ⑤介 引进人的某种身份或事物的某种性质,表示“就……来说”(多用在句首)。 作为公务员,一定要守法。

    9. 保障

      保障 bǎozhàng ①动 保护使不受侵犯。 保障公民的合法权益。 ②名 起保障作用的事物。 生活有了保障 ③动 确保,使充分实现。 增加生产,保障供给。

    10. 难民营

      难民营 nànmínyíng camps de réfugiés 名 专门收容难民,供他们暂时生活的处所。

    11. 敦促

      敦促 dūncù 动 催促。 敦促作者早日交稿。

    12. 呼吁

      呼吁 hūyù 动 向个人或社会申述,希望得到同情、支持。 呼吁社会各界都来关心教育。

    13. 债务

      债务 zhàiwù ①名 欠债人所承担的还债义务。 ②名 指所欠的债款。 偿还债务

    14. 涌 yǒng(湧) ①动 水向上冒;泛指液体或气体向上升腾。 泪如泉涌 | 风起云涌 ②动 像水升腾那样冒出或升起。 从云层中涌出一轮明月 | 人群涌上公路

    15. 不堪

      不堪 bùkān ①动 忍受不了。 不堪重负 ②动 不可;不能。 不堪入目 | 不堪造就 ③副 用在某些形容词后,表示程度深。 破旧不堪

    16. 主心骨

      主心骨 zhǔxīngǔ ①名 可依靠的核心力量。 爸爸是我们家的主心骨。 ②名 指主见;主意。 他是个有主心骨的人。

    17. 汹涌

      汹涌 xiōngyǒng 形 形容水流翻腾激荡的样子。 江水汹涌而来 用法说明 不要写作“汹湧”。

    18. 庇护

      asile 庇护 bìhù ①动 包庇袒护。 庇护犯罪嫌疑人 ②动 保护。 寻求政治庇护

    19. 恶化

      empirer 恶化 èhuà ①动 向坏的方向转化。 夫妻感情逐渐恶化。 ②动 使向坏的方向转化。 决不允许恶化环境。

    20. 日益

      日益 rìyì 副 表示程度一天比一天更高。 环境日益改善 =一天比一天更加

    21. 对策

      对策 duìcè ①动 古代应试者回答皇帝所问的治国策略。 贤良对策 ②名 针对要解决的问题提出的策略或办法。 商讨对策 ex.: 上有政策,下有对策。

    22. 迁移

      迁移 qiānyí 动 从原所在地搬迁到另外一个地方。 靶场由近郊迁移到远郊。

    23. 会晤

      会晤 huìwù 动 会见;会面。 两国首脑定期会晤。

    24. 欧洲面临战后最大难民潮 德法两国首脑柏林商谈对策

      S3-4 : crise des migrants T1

    25. 履行

      faire son devoir 履行 lǚxíng 动 按约定或职责去做。 履行公约 | 履行职责 用法说明 跟“实行” “执行”不同。“履行”指实践所承诺的义务,对象多为带约束性的条约、合同、诺言等;“实行”指用行动来实现已有的设想,对象多为预定的政策、方针、计划、方案等;“执行”指实施上级规定的任务,对象多为带强制性的命令、指示、判决、法令等。

    26. 联邦州

      Land (Allemagne)

    27. 联邦

      fédération

    28. 申请

      solliciter

    29. 战乱

      战乱 zhànluàn 名战争造成的社会混乱局面。 连年战乱

    30. 诉求

      诉求 sùqiú ①动 诉说理由并提出请求。 诉求行政复议 ②名 愿望;要求。

    31. 停留

      停留 tíngliú ①动 暂停前进。 途中在武汉停留了几天。 ②动 停滞;不继续发展或实践。 人类的认识决不会停留在一个水平上。

    32. 适用

      适用 shìyòng 动 适合使用。 以上情况适用本条例 | 经济适用房

    33. 基本法

      Loi fondamentale (de la RFA) ex.: 香港/澳门特区基本法

    34. 侵犯

      violation 侵犯 qīnfàn ①动 以武力侵入他国。 侵犯边境 ②动 非法损害别人权益。 公民的人身及合法私有财产,不得侵犯。

    35. 人权

      droits de l'Homme

    36. 宪法

      Constitution

    37. 法治

      !=法制

    38. 排外

      xénophobe

    39. 骚乱

      émeute 骚乱 sāoluàn 动 混乱不安。 人群骚乱起来了

    40. 针对

      针对 zhēnduì ①动 对准(某个对象)。 他这番话是针对我的。 ②介 引进有明确目的的行为对象。 针对大家提出的问题,他一一作了回答。

    41. 谴责

      critiquer sévèrement, condamner 谴责 qiǎnzé 动 批评指责。 谴责不道德行为

    42. 驱散

      disperser 驱散 qūsàn ①动 驱赶使离散。 警察驱散了闲杂人员。 ②动 驱除使消失。 驱散烦恼

    43. 催泪瓦斯

      催泪瓦斯 cuīlèi wǎsī = 催泪毒气cuīlèi dúqì gaz lacrymogène

    44. 依旧

      =仍然 依旧 yījiù ①动(情况)照旧,没有改变。 涛声依旧 | 风采依旧 ②副 表示情况跟原先一样。 风依旧刮个不停 | 生活依旧很艰难

    45. 凌晨

      petit matin 凌晨 língchén 名 临近天亮的时候。 用法说明 跟“拂晓” “黎明”不同。“凌晨”指午夜后至天亮前;“拂晓”指天将亮的时候;“黎明”指天将亮或刚亮的时候。

    46. 气氛

      ambiance 气氛 qìfēn 名 存在于一定环境中的能使人感受到的某种情绪或景象。 严肃的气氛 用法说明 口语中“氛”这里也读 fen。

    47. 希特勒

      Hitler

    48. 鞭炮

      pétard 鞭炮 biānpào 名 鞭形的成串的小爆竹;泛指各种爆竹。

    49. 示威

      示威 shìwēi ①动 向对方显示自己的威力。 他这样做是向我示威。 ②动 特指为表示抗议或有所要求而公开采取集体行动。 游行示威

    50. 闹事

      闹事 nàoshì 动 生事捣乱。

    51. 激进

      radical

    52. 海德瑙

      Heidenau (Saxe)

    53. 极端

      extrême

    54. 土耳其

      Turquie

    55. 黎巴嫩

      Liban

    56. 约旦

      Jourdanie

    57. 协助

      协助 xiézhù 动从旁帮助;辅助。 请予协助

    58. 探讨

      =讨论

    59. 协议

      accord

    60. 遣送

      =遣返

    61. 遣返

      expulsion 遣返 qiǎnfǎn 动遣送回原处。 遣返难民

    62. 份额

      quota 份额 fèn'é 名在整体中所占的比例或成数。 在股份制企业中职工股占有一定份额。

    1. 妥协

      compromis 妥协 tuǒxié 动 为避免冲突而作出适当让步。 为顾全大局,双方都愿意妥协。

    2. 龃龉

      龃龉 jǔyǔ动 上下牙齿对不齐。比喻意见不合。彼此并无龃龉 | 双方发生龃龉 用法说明 ㊀“龃龉”不读 zǔwǔ。㊁“龃龉”不宜写作“鉏铻”。

    3. 大难当头

      =大难临头 临头 líntóu 动(危难或不幸的事情)降临到身上。 大难临头 | 事到临头还不快想法子!

    4. 强制

      强制 qiángzhì 动 用强力迫使。 强制执行

    5. 流民

      流民 liúmín 名 流亡在外、生活没有着落的灾民。

    6. 饱尝

      饱尝 bǎocháng ①动 充分品尝。 饱尝人间美食 ②动 长期经受;充分体验。 饱尝战乱之苦

    7. 袭击

      attentat

    8. 暴恐

      暴(力)恐(怖)

    9. 策源地

      策源地 cèyuándì 名 社会重大事件策动和发源的地方。 战争策源地

    10. 弄不好

      (如果)弄不好,……

    11. 融入

      intégrer

    12. 指责

      critiquer, accuser 指责 zhǐzé 动 指摘;责备。 妄加指责

    13. 巴伐利亚

      Bavière

    14. 内政部长

      ministre de l'Intérieur

    15. 放水

      放水 fàngshuǐ ①动 把水放出来,使流通。 开闸放水 ②动 指在体育比赛等活动中串通作弊,一方故意让给另一方。

    16. 尊严

      dignité 尊严 zūnyán ①形 尊贵庄严;庄重威严。 神情十分尊严 | 尊严的法槌 ②名 崇高庄严的地位、身份、人格等。 维护祖国的尊严

    17. 颇 pō(頗) ①形 偏;不正。 偏颇 ②副 表示程度较深,相当于“很”。 颇有同感 用法说明 统读 pō,不读 pǒ。

    18. 住所

      住所 zhùsuǒ ①名 经常居住的地方;泛指供食宿的地方。 他的住所很简朴 | 酒店为球员提供住所。 ②名 法人办事机构所在地。 该企业的住所已经变更。

    19. 消化

      digérer 消化 xiāohuà ①动 人或动物的有关器官把食物变成可以为机体吸收的养料。 消化系统 ②动 比喻对学习内容加深理解和融会贯通。

    20. 成员国

      état membre

    21. 发号施令

      发号施令 fāhào-shīlìng 发指示,下命令。

    22. 让渡

      让渡 ràngdù 动 让出或转让(一般是有偿的)。 业主把铺面房让渡给了我 | 让渡股权

    23. 甄别

      甄别 zhēnbié 动 审查鉴别(真伪、优劣等)。 对已有资料要认真甄别 | 甄别干部

    24. 驿站

      驿站 yìzhàn 名 古代在驿道上供传递公文的人及来往官员中途歇息或换马的地方。

    25. 获批

      获(得)批(准)

    26. 富庶

      富庶 fùshù 形 物产丰富,人口众多。 富庶的鱼米之乡

    27. 靠谱

      =可靠

    28. 篱笆

      篱笆 líba 名 起遮拦或防护作用的设施。用竹子、秸秆、树枝等编成,或种植带刺儿的植物围成,环绕在房屋、场地等周围。

    29. 偷渡

      偷渡 tōudù 动 偷偷渡过被封锁的江河湖海;也指偷越国境或关卡。 缉拿偷渡的贩毒分子。

    30. 猖獗

      猖獗 chāngjué 形 凶猛而放肆。 鼠害猖獗 | 猖獗一时 用法说明 跟“猖狂”不同。“猖獗”形容的对象不限于人;“猖狂”一般只用于形容人的行为。

    31. 撤出

      évacuer

    32. 背井离乡

      背井离乡 bèijǐng-líxiāng 远离家乡,到外地生活(多指在不得已的情况下)。

    33. 真空

      sous vide 真空 zhēnkōng ①名 物理学上指没有任何气体或气体极少的状态或空间。 ②名 比喻与社会隔绝的环境。 谁都不是生活在真空里。

    34. 任性

      任性 rènxìng 形 由着自己的性子,不受约束。 任性妄为 | 他太任性,谁说都不听。

    35. 管控

      管控 guǎnkòng 动 管(理并)控(制);管制①。 利用电视监视系统实行交通管控 | 严加管控

    36. 关卡

      关卡 guānqiǎ ①名 在交通要道设立的收税站、检查站或岗哨等。 ②名 比喻不易通过的难关或人为设置的障碍。 过去办营业执照要通过许多道关卡。 用法说明 “卡”这里不读 kǎ。

    37. 算计

      算计 suànji ①动 计算数目。 尾数总不对,认真算计一下吧! ②动 考虑;计划。 我算计过了,还是不去为好。 ③动 猜测;估计。 他算计着出线后将遇到哪些对手。 ④动 暗中谋划损害别人。 算计别人,到头来自己也没好下场。

    38. 纷纷

      纷纷 fēnfēn ②副 接连不断地。 外国朋友纷纷来中国旅游。

    39. 自保

      自保 zìbǎo ①动 自己保护自己。 提高自保自救能力。 ②动 指企业对其资产受损的可能性和程度进行测算,根据自身财力预先提存一笔基金,以备弥补损失,预防风险。

    40. 反馈

      反馈 fǎnkuì ③动(信息、意见等)返回。 信息反馈 | 读者反馈 | 把消费者的意见反馈给生产厂家。

    41. 共识

      consensus 共识 gòngshí 名 一致的认识。 双方取得共识

    42. 惨重

      惨重 cǎnzhòng 形 (损失)极为严重。 付出了惨重的代价。

    43. 沉没

      naufrage 沉没 chénmò 动 沉入水中。 渔船失事,沉没于大海 | 太阳渐渐沉没在地平线下。

    44. 船只

      船只 chuánzhī 名 船的总称。

    45. 赶赴

      赶赴 gǎnfù 动 赶快前往(目的地)。 赶赴前线

    46. <->福 《老子》:祸兮福(之)所倚,福兮祸(之)所伏。

    47. 高昂

      高昂 gāo'áng ②形(价格)贵。 运费高昂

    48. =都

    49. 买单

      买单 mǎidān ①动 埋单。 ②名 指金融市场买进的凭证、单据。 股市上最大的一张买单。

    50. 地缘

      地缘 dìyuán 名 由地理位置等决定的条件、关系。 地缘优势 | 地缘经济 | 地缘政治 géo-politique

    51. 欧盟国家为何如此担心难民潮?

      S3-4 : crise des migrants T2

    52. 干预

      intervention