1. Last 7 days
    1. ‘gender ideology’

      The concept of "gender ideology” functioning as an empty signifier stood out to me because it explains how such a vague term can bring together people with otherwise very different grievances. It takes on a different meaning to suit the agenda of a given group or individual, while still offering a common issue to rally around on a larger scale. This is particularly interesting in the context of social media, wherein complicated political ideas are frequently reduced to a single "ragebait" style phrase in order to illicit emotional responses, despite the lack of clarity.

    2. Religious fundamentalists provide moral legitimacy

      I really appreciate the way this article offers a granular exploration of the various forces of power that have coalesced around this issue...in spite of the fact that they share vary few common values or alignments, they have all deemed it opportune to band together to try to gatekeep any normalization or inclusion of an small and marginalized group of people...all for daring to threaten their shared core tenet of binary gender.

    3. silently

      I think it is so telling of a society and where we are in it to have to think that people are having to cross boarders, and/or work in secret to try and get the health care they need, not because where they live do not have the capability and resources to be able to provide them the care they need (which is a whole other conversation), but because the goverment has deemed it illegal, or put up so much 'red tape' around getting the treatments or in this case abortion, that it is easier to go somewhere else than try and get it done where they live. As well, it also speaks to the length at which others are willing to go to help someone they probably don't even know because they understand what not getting it might mean.

    4. emotionally charged justifications for centralising power and suppressing civil society.

      The key here is that this propaganda is very emotionally charged and uses language like "the end of times", "threatens civilization", "evil", "demonic", etc because these are concepts that evoke major emotional responses and create fear. If they said "women will have equal treatment and respect", that wouldn't be as scary as saying that feminism has contributed to the downfall of society and caused every problem in the world, and millions of babies are being murdered every year. Trump even had a speech maybe two years ago where he made a derogatory comment about trans people, the audience erupted in applause and he made a remark like "all I have to do is say transgender and everyone goes crazy". People in power know they can emotionally manipulate people by using their fears against them. And we live in a patriarchal society that cultivates fear of the "others" of society (marginalized people). So when you put those together, it is a pretty detrimental combination.

    5. skewed ‘common sense’

      I think this is a very important phrase to bring up. "Skewed common sense". This makes me think about how beliefs such as feminism being responsible for men’s struggles can become normalized even when they are based on misleading narratives. Ultimately, the passage shows that controlling public discourse is not only about spreading misinformation, but about reshaping what society considers to be “common sense.” This is very similar to how propaganda works where it gets you to believe strongly in one side with crafting very compelling narratives to shape your mindset which is why critical thinking is so important.

    6. arguing that mothers who return to work too soon after giving birth harm their children’s mental health.

      This makes me curious about how much responsibility is placed on mothers for their children’s mental health compared to the broader social and economic conditions surrounding motherhood. The idea that mothers who return to work “too soon” are harming their children seems to reinforce the expectation that a mother’s primary responsibility should always be her child, while overlooking factors like parental leave, financial pressure, and workplace policies. In the context of Gender and Sexuality, it makes me question how the idea of the “good mother” is constructed and who gets to decide what is considered “too soon" in this context, why is that a concept and why to does the women's mental health get put on the back burner. Will these concepts be tackled and taught how to reconfigure such gender bias on something like child birth.

    7. motherhood

      This always makes me curious about what the “traditional” mother figure is supposed to look like. It is no secret that women were historically seen as the ones responsible for raising children and often occupied a strange middle ground between the religious archetype of the Virgin Mary and the expectations placed on women as wives and mothers. In my history classes during my undergraduate degree, this always made me wonder where this particular image of motherhood came from. In the context of our Gender and Sexuality class, it makes me question how much of what we consider “natural” motherhood is actually shaped by religious, cultural, and gendered expectations and how do we in turn reconfigure it without offending anyone's beliefs that they hold close.

    8. rogressive values threaten civilisation.

      The key idea here is the framing of progressive values as a threat to civilisation. This elevates debates over gender and social change from ordinary political disagreements into an existential struggle over the survival of a particular social order. This framing is significant because it creates an “us versus them” dynamic, allowing progressive movements to be portrayed not simply as political opponents, but as threats that must be resisted. Thus, this can make stronger forms of political control appear justified as necessary to “protect” society. The passage therefore highlights how anti-gender rhetoric can function beyond the issue of gender itself, becoming a broader tool for legitimizing resistance to progressive social change.

    9. expand freedoms

      I did really enjoy reading this section of the paper. While we walk into scary, unknown times and what we see in the media only gets bleaker and more regressive, there is still progress being made. What feminist groups have been able to accomplish thats been noted in this paper and otherwise is significant, and is promising. I can get become anxious after reading papers like this, but I really liked that this article provided forms of resistance and what we can do to counter the threats to human rights.

    10. Anti-abortion campaigns frequently deploy images of infant faces and hearts, implying that women who do not wish to or might be advised against, or are unable to carry a pregnancy to term are cruelly choosing their career or convenience over a child’s life

      The emotional focus of anti-abortion campaigns can also be contrasted with the attention given to women who have died after being unable to access timely abortion care. In the many cases of deaths associated with being denied abortion or adjacent healthcare in the US (which is what i've been mostly seeing coverage on), maternal health experts determined to be preventable and identified abortion restrictions as contributing factors. This makes me question whose lives are given visibility and urgency in debates surrounding abortion. While campaigns may emphasize the protection of a potential child, the experiences and deaths of women affected by restrictions often receive comparatively less attention.

    11. banned

      Banning books not only controls what materials can and cant be used in education, but also controls what students are exposed to and learn about. When these topics are removed or treated as inappropriate to discuss, students lose opportunities to learn about different identities, experiences, and forms of inequality. This can reinforce the idea that topics surrounding gender and sexuality are something that should not be talked about openly. In this way, restricting education does more than limit information; it can also send a message about which identities and perspectives are considered acceptable or appropriate to discuss. This is important because what is left out of the classroom can be just as influential as what is taught. If students rarely encounter discussions of transgender identities, LGBTQ+ experiences, sexism, or gender inequality, they may come to see these topics as unusual, controversial, or even inappropriate rather than as legitimate areas of knowledge and discussion. This lack of representation can also make students who identify with these groups feel that their experiences do not belong in educational spaces.

    12. As democratic institutions weaken, attacks on gender-based rights accelerate

      In nearly every instance of governments not operating democratically, gender inequality increases, as non-democratic operations have a strong connection to a loss of rights. Even in the instance that the leader in power was elected by a majority, if they make extreme changes to how their "democracy" operates without seeking equal input from their people beforehand, it is not democratic. In cases like the overturning of Roe V. Wade, the supreme court involved was primarily cisgender men, who do not have the same reproductive organs as those whose rights were stripped. Furthermore, every single judge of the supreme court involved in the overturning, was appointed by a republican president. Though judges are technically not supposed to be affiliated with a specific party for the purpose of impartiality, the sole appointment of judges from one party for the entirety of the supreme court is a way of cheating an already broken system, and has only resulted in losses of human rights.

    13. The intensity of anti-gender mobilisation is itself evidence of progress: patriarchal and far-right actors push harder when feminist ideas have taken root, and real political change has begun

      Although I feel like this is a positive takeaway from this text, I can't help but think that we have taken one step forward in the right direction this past decade, but two steps back again in the last couple years. I'm encouraged by grassroots efforts mentioned in the article that fight back against the far right efforts to quash rights for women and LGBTQ+ people. However, I am scared of the anti gender mobilization efforts and what that means for students.

    14. bans drive higher maternal mortality and trauma

      The unjust patriarchal structures of controlling women to the extent of stripping them of their reproductive rights is often wrapped in excuses surrounding religion and "life", whilst the lives truly at risk are those of the women affected. Death during childbirth used to be a much more common concern of the past, but now with regressions in women's reproductive rights, it has been steadily reverting to a modern reality. Access to contraception and abortion are forms of healthcare that can be life-saving for women, and those who do not recognize that have not taken a moment to realize how easily cisgender men would have access to such care if they had uteruses.

    15. ‘rescuing’ the unborn child

      This idea of "'rescusing' the unborn child - regardless of the cost to the real, living woman" is something that is also a very real topic today close to home across the boarder in many states now where they are trying to pass laws against abosrtion, but also here in Canada. I remeber growing up going to highschool across the road from the local hospital and regularly seeing people with signs outside the hospital protesting against abortion and yelling things about it and biblical exepts from the bible. But not once were any of these people taking into account to person who is the one having to actually go through this pregancy. You never hear them talking about any of the actualities of if someone was to go through with a pregancy who was trying to get an abortion for any numerous reasons. They always talk about 'rescusing' this unborn child, but only until the child is born and then it isn't their problem if the child actually receives proper child care.

    16. books being rewritten or banned if they acknowledge transgender people

      Those who ban literature involving transgender people truly fail to acknowledge that trans and non-gender conforming characters are not a new concept. For example, the Greek mythological figure Tiresias was transformed into a woman, and openly expressed more pleasure living as a woman in comparison to living as a man. Tiresias is also a pivotal figure in Homer's "The Odyssey", one of the oldest works of literature that has remained popular in modern times.

    17. with far less money

      The connection between money and power is undeniable. Authoritarian leaders are those who inevitably have more financial capital over most citizens they dictate, and thus have the power to promote concepts that revive the anti-feminist values that we are seeing in far-right movements. Though feminism still persists and exists, those who persist, sadly, have less authority and funding due to patriarchal structures of male authoritative figures generally having more financial capital.

    18. foundational

      I think sometimes it can be easy to forget how deeply engrained every part of society is rooted in partiarchy. From the earliest times there has been evidence of the idea of males as being superior or more highly valued. Women were often excluded from things like education, voting or finances from very early on in society. It is really concering to think that there are people that believe that patriarchal control is what "should" be maintaned, effectively wanting to set women back to the sort of rights and expectations that were placed on them many years ago. It makes me think of how we can promote the unlearning of these patriarchal beliefs in young boys and girls, and have nuianced discussions about the patriarchy with younger people in schools.

    19. guilt-trip women

      Guilt tripping women seems to be a massive issue, whether it be abortion, their clothing and appearance, their choice to have/not have children, or even their parenting choices once they do have children. I would argue that even women are adept at criticizing and guilting one another rather than providing support. Mothers in particular tend to be the target of scrutiny and I have heard many express frustration that they "cannot do anything right". Anything from breastfeeding to toys to education can create discourse and lead to women being shamed. If you homeschool your child, you are not adequately preparing them. If you do not homeschool them and work full time, you are not an involved mother. If you send them to a public school, you are not setting them up as well as they might be at a private school. Rarely do men seem to be held to these same standards. In fact, so long as men are merely present, people will often behave as though they are inherently wonderful fathers. This overarching narrative of women being solely responsible for their children's success and being forced into traditional roles in the name of upholding the household is detrimental to women's autonomy and overall, to their own wellbeing.

    1. extractive-based economy, the nature of work is exploitative, whereas in a regenerative economy, work is viewed as more cooperative in nature

      this yeilds the most profit, and a lighter lift for the non-frontline

    2. to ensure a Just Transition for workers, and survival for human society as a whole

      there are those that will make more $$$$ if all crashes and burns

      End Times Fascism And the Fight for the Living World By Naomi Klein, Astra Taylor

      The Price is Wrong Why Capitalism Won't Save the Planet By Brett Christophers

      Survival of the Richest: Escape Fantasies of the Tech Billionaires Book by Douglas Rushkoff

    3. CEOs of multinational companies, or govern- ments that refuse to break with the current paradigm of endless growth, the imperative of profit, and the enforced chaos of compe- tition

      similar to what the UN touches upon in development for developing nations

    4. Trade Unions for Energy Democracy (TUED), formed in 2012, is a global network of unions8 that believes that a just transition “needs to address the immediate concerns of workers in a way that can advance the extension of social ownership and democratic control of energy as part of a broad, inclusive, and vibrant social movement

      not going to happen, especially with data centers popping up everywhere

    5. n 2013, at its 102nd session, the International Labour Conference adopted a set of principles and guidelines and a policy framework for protecting workers in the transition to renewable energy.

      this needs more attention, just like post-pandemoic many will be unemployed soon

    6. This points to the essence of a just transition perspective – that as the shift occurs away from fossil fuel or toxic contamination industries, the economic needs of workers who will lose their jobs must be addressed, particularly to obtain their support in the fight against climate change. This is the fundamental tenet of a “just transition.” The Just Transition Alliance formed in 1997.

      how do we learn/teach this earlier?

    7. stopping this kind of production would mean job loss for many, including those from the union that he represented. While he supported the transition away from toxic substances and fossil fuels, he also wanted the economic needs of workers to be addressed in this transition.

      nyc struggles with that today

    8. express the con- cerns about accountability, interference, and the problematic role of their various organizations in “communities of people of color in the Southwest.” Noting that the region’s people of color have for centuries, “been subjected to racist and genocidal practices including the theft of lands and water, t

      important to be clearname the issue, the consequences, offer data

    9. Regional Activist Dialogue with eighty activists from twenty- five organizations. One result was the creation of the Southwest Network for Environmental and Economic Justice

      more of this is needed, pushes policy further/faster, less duplication and lost in the social media

    10. This heightened attention was a key catalyst in the formation of the Environmental Justice Movement.

      the age of social media has both strengthened and wekened causes, too much fraud, too many movements

    11. heir use as cheap, exploitable labor was compounded by conditions that included the use of pesticides and other toxic materials includ- ing those found in agricultural fields, chemical plants and the manufacturing of garments and high-tech micro-chips

      cheap labor and so called development in developing nations is costing us the planet

    12. There is value in remembering the source and motiva- tion for the original uses of these terms to bring forward the per- spectives from frontline communities

      needed in many social justice causes, part of failure is forgetting/becoming consumed by administrative hurdles

    13. stem from front line workers and communities of color, who, for decades, have been fighting against the poisoning of their workplaces and communities

      we see this on a global scale more and more, fast fashion...

    14. The concept of “climate justice,” as used by grassroots environ- mental justice activists, incorporates the tenets of both environ- mental justice and just transition, recognizing that addressing the disproportionate impacts of toxic industries that workers and communities of color experience is key to avoiding further climate catastrophe

      Climate change is not just about reducing emission but also about correcting the issues faced by the unequal burdens that people of color and disadvantaged communities face

    15. The letter emphasizes that, “We suffer from the end results of these actions but are never full participants in the decision-making which leads to them.”

      These communities suffer long term health issues due to air pollution, contaminated water. They are not taken into consideration when political leaders and stake holders hold their meetings and make decisions.

    16. This study firmly established the systematic existence of envi- ronmental racism, and followed a less widely known Government Accounting Office (GAO) study requested by Walter Fauntroy, District of Columbia Congressional Delegate, and then-chair of the Congressional Black Caucus after he witnessed the protests in Afton, North Carolina. That study, done in 1983 “revealed that three-quarters of the hazardous waste landfill sites in eight southeastern states were located in primarily poor, African American, and Latino communities (Skelton and Miller 2016).

      This study showed that the environmental racism was not just suspected but it was proven by government.

    17. Climate justice activists are linked internationally and aremindful that decisions made in the U.S. have implications forother communities, especially those in the Global South. Thepush for electrification of vehicles, for example, is beingaccompanied by the rush by corporations to control thesupply of lithium (for energy storage, i.e., batteries) in countriessuch as Bolivia, Mexico, and the Shoshone Nation. The exploit-ative aspects of extractive industries often trigger an array ofimpacts and actions, including interference with that countries”politics and Indigenous People’s Tribal Sovereignty and inmany instances circumventing the process of Free Prior andInformed Consent (FPIC).

      Another example of Coporations exploiuntg the labor and natrual resources of the Global South, is the contorl fo the supply of both lithium and Cobalt. These two elements are standard and core aspects in the production and design of the modern Cellphones, and Electric Vehicles. Specifically the Democratic Republic of Congo is known to have a vast reserve of Cobalt, that the Coporations do evertyhting in their power to maintain control over that supply chain. Simply put, the Industries and powers at large are still using the same tactics and strategies, they just changed their target.

    18. As time went on, there was a shift in leadership structureand union members became increasingly fearful of the decline ofwages, benefits, and a pension if they lost their jobs due to thetransition away from the fossil fuel industry. This points to theessence of a just transition perspective – that as the shiftoccurs away from fossil fuel or toxic contamination industries,the economic needs of workers who will lose their jobs mustbe addressed, particularly to obtain their support in the fightagainst climate change. This is the fundamental tenet of a “justtransition.” The Just Transition Alliance formed in 1997.

      It brings up an interesting question of how will these group be able to continue to build and maintain their coaltion, while balancing the interests of each other?

    19. Creating space in government planning for the voices of front-line communities has the potential to profoundly alter thequality of planning and policy decisions. Achieving climatejustice requires alliances whose members reflect many realmsof experience and expertise. EJ activists have always workedwith allies and across negotiation tables. The best alliances -and the most informed perspectives - will include the voicesfrom workers and communities that have been the zones ofenvironmental contamination.

      The power of colation and community building is ione of the main ingredients to bring about actual and lasting change. As seen in this entire study; when the evniromentalists joined with labor unions and governemtn offices (however minor or major), it resulted in amuch more balanced and nuanced approach to ensuring both envirmoental protection of the environment and minorities as well as protections and insurance for the laborers that work in the field.

    1. yet there the nightingale

      The image above the mantel depict the myth of Philomela from Ovid's Metamorphoses. In Ovid, Philomela is attacked by Tereus and then physically deprived of speech so that she cannot reveal what happened. Even without a voice, however, she finds another way to communicate by weaving "purple signs" into a cloth that reveal Tereus's crime. Eventually, Philomela is transformed into a bird, traditionally associated with the nightingale, whose song symbolizes sorrow and lament. This symbol makes Eliot's phrase "inviolable voice" stand out to me. Philomela's human voice can be taken from her, but her story cannot be completely silenced. Eliot places this story inside an extermely luxurious room filled with jewels, perfumes, elaborate decorations, and artificial light. Yet underneath all the beautiy is an image of violence. Even the artwork on the wall preserves Philomela's story, much like her woven message in Ovid preserves what was being suppressed.

    2. As though a window gave upon the sylvan scene The change of Philomel, by the barbarous king

      Eliot directly mentions "Philomel" and summarizes Ovid's plot. He uses Philomel as a tangible physical object, a painting. I found it interesting that Eliot turns this raw and violent narrative into a decorative object. Eliot says, "as though a window gave upon the sylvan scene"; comparing the painting to a window adds a layer of complexity. A window would mean there is real contact with the outside world, whereas a painting is chosen and deliberately placed in its home. This also connects back to the fact that Philomela has lost her tongue; she can no longer speak for herself. Eliot's painting takes her trauma and converts it into something for people to look at and rationalize her suffering.

    3. Filled all the desert with inviolable voice And still she cried, and still the world pursues, 'Jug Jug' to dirty ears.

      The reference to “the change of Philomel” makes the connection to Ovid much more direct. In Ovid’s story, Philomela suffers violence and is prevented from speaking, but she finds another way to communicate through weaving, after her transformation into a nightingale, her voice survives through song. Eliot calls the nightingale’s voice “inviolable,” meaning that although Philomela has been violated and silenced, her voice ultimately cannot be destroyed. This is important because the woman in Eliot’s room also seems to struggle with communication. At the end of the passage, her hair “glowed into words, then would be savagely still.” The movement from “words” to silence suggests that communication is possible for only a moment before it breaks down again. This connects to the larger problem of The Waste Land: people are surrounded by voices, stories, and art, but they often cannot truly communicate or understand one another.

      The phrase “dirty ears” is also important because it changes the meaning of Philomela’s beautiful song. The nightingale “filled all the desert with inviolable voice,” but the world hears only “‘Jug Jug’ to dirty ears.” The problem is therefore not only that people cannot speak; they also cannot properly hear. Philomela has a powerful voice, but the modern world has become too corrupted to receive it. This creates an important contrast with Ovid: in the original myth, Philomela finds a way to communicate despite oppression, while in Eliot’s modern world, meaningful communication exists but is surrounded by people who are unable or unwilling to understand it. This is why the reference to Philomela can be both hopeful and pessimistic: her voice survives, but Eliot questions whether anyone is really listening.

    4. Glowed on the marble

      In reference to what seems Cleopatra's throne, the inclusion of a marble surface bears a striking resemblance to the Antony and Cleopatra selection. Cleopatra states: "I have nothing/ Of woman in me: now from head to foot/ I am marble-constant; now the fleeting moon/ No planet is of mine." As a surface, marble connected deeply to the absence of femininity within the queen. Specifically, Cleopatra is subsumed by the material - she loses her organic properties and becomes diminished to the gleaming surface of her palace. Eliot evokes this very notion by indicating that the burnished throne "glowed" on the marble. While he could conceivably be referring to the sheer luster of the throne itself, it is more probable that the presence of a glow is due to the queen herself. Often praised for her beauty, it would make sense for Cleopatra's radiance to spread in the wide diffusion of light, casting a warmth on her surroundings in the form of a "glow." Thus, her emanating radiance (in combination with the play's connotation) can be taken to represent not just the effect of her presence on the marble, but also the transmission of her vivacity, her luster to the surface itself. She becomes the marble in a manner that eliminates her Earthly humanity, "no planet is of" hers, she is utterly alienated from her physical body. Essentially, the conversion of Cleopatra to marble is a denunciation of her living properties, rendering her inanimate, mirroring a most essential component in the poem's cyclical patterns of rebirth: the immobility of death.

    5. Filled all the desert with inviolable voice

      What I found most interesting about this line is how Eliot creates a paradox between Philomela's "invioable voice" and her actual story. Philomela, introduced in The Metamorphoses of Ovid, is the daughter of King Pandion and sister-in-law of Tereus (her sister's husband). Tereus, seeing Philomela, becomes deeply enamored with her and decides to confess his love in any way possible. One day, Philomela embarks on a journey to visit her sister, and Tereus accompanies her to her destination. However, Tereus takes advantage of their isolation and Philomela's defenselessness to capture her and take her to a secluded hut in the forest. There, he rapes her and proceeds to cut off her tongue after she expresses her discontent and anger. Immediately after, he continues to violate her, except this time she has no voice and cannot utter any complaints. But, what strikes me most about Eliot's reference to this myth is his intentional use of the word "invioable" to describe her voice. Invioable, by definition, means secure from violation or profanation -completely contradictory to the reality of Philomena's body. Physically, Philomena was incredibly violated and destroyed, but spiritually, her voice remains intact. Her tongue was cut off, but never her soul. It is the only thing that cannot be violated, because it is the only thing that no one can ever take from us or control. Furthermore, Eliot alludes to Philomela's experience of not speaking, or perhaps having no one to hear her speak, with his connection to the "desert". Philomela can only fill a desert with noise because no one is there to hear it. Ultimately, Eliot uses Philomela's tragic devastation to explore how one may be physically damaged or debilitated, yet their soul and spirit can never be harmed or changed.

    6. The change of Philomel, by the barbarous king So rudely forced; yet there the nightingale

      A Game of Chess, unlike Burial of the Dead, has a focus on women. The common thread between all these secondary sources (Cleopatra and Anthony, Paradise Lost, Aeneid, Ovid and Baudelaire) is that love, whether forced or organic eventual leads to all the main female protagonists' demise. Ovid is a very clear example of this because, through her sister's husband, she loses her autonomy and expression and is subjugated to a concubine. However, she gets her revenge and kills Tereus's son as well as Tereus.

      Eliot uses the tale of Philomel to flip the preface on its head. Where Sybil eventually lost the power of speech, Tereus turns into a nightingale, where only males have the power of speech. This is not oppression of women's voices; rather, it is the fact that women simply don't have to speak because of the atrocities committed by Tereus.

    1. But when women run the story, everyone complains, “What about the husband? I want to know about him!”

      I think it is important to be able to make strong female characters present in media. The author including other people's criticism can show people overlook including women as a strong female role that isn't focused around a man.

    2. American readers—my teachers, mostly—didn’t like it.

      I think the writing format with using the dash can make it more dramatic and add to the point that the writer is trying to get across to the reader.

    1. Playing on children's interests in order to educate is not only important it is essential to creating an environment of curiosity and productivity. At the beginning of the video, he made a statement about needing children's interest in order for education to happen, and I believe that is true. If children are dis interested and are not challenge theire is no room for desire or growth.

    1. I think that this is important. I have never thought about the personal bias that I can have with my own work and how taking time away can help me be a better editor. I think this would help take criticism better and also have a fresh perspective.

    1. With that said, transitions can be overused

      In my writing I do often overuse transitions. I find it difficult to make the writing flow between sentences. I can now see how it can be a tool that can hurt your writing when overdone.

    2. For many people, the words critic, critical, and criticismprovoke only negative feelings. However, as awriter and a thinker, you must learn to be critical of yourself in a positive way and have high expectationsfor your work.

      I agree with this statement. Taking criticism can be very difficult. I think it is important to practice with our peers so we can get used to not taking it to heart when we enter our careers.

    1. PART-A PART-B PART-C PART-D Mark for Review Save & Next Total Questions answered: 6 Last 15 Minu

      This bar needs to have a better layout on mobile. It needs to turn into a floating menu bar or something

    1. Ah, but this is where the ground starts to slope away, isn’t it?Because this is a very peculiar sort of fun, indeed. The fun comesfrom seeing others menaced — sometimes killed.

      Here King shows his exigence. He writes about how people like thrills, whether it comes from a roller coaster or seeing others "killed." He shows the audience his purpose in writing this essay, he wants us to understand why we like the horror genre.

    2. abies?” (You can’t unload a truckload of bowling balls with apitchfork ... a joke, by the way, that I heard originally from a ten-year-old.

      The jokes that the author uses, like this one, show how King was trying to appeal to the audience by making a joke that would get us to laugh and even further understand his point on why we like horror.

    1. This is called constructivist learning

      I never knew that this is what this form of learning is called. I actually prefer this method over lecturing. This method also helps me remember content when its interactive.

    1. While the UNFCCC is the primary international instrument dealing with climate change, it has not focused on climate displacement until very recently.

      The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a guide to the world's response on climate change but it did not focus on what happens to those that lose their homes, their land, their livelihoods because of climate change. For years it did not treat these issues as important until recently. For years communities were left with no protection or support. Recent attention to this matter is a step forward but there is still much work to be done

    2. Climate justice, like environmental justice more broadly, is grounded in human rights, including the rights to life, health, and cultural integrity; the right to a safe and healthy environment; the right to be free from race and sex discrimination; and the right to information, participation, and access to justice. 40

      Climate justice is not just about the environment and the policies in effect.. but it is about human rights mire importantly. Disadvantaged people and communities deserve to live a healthy life, a fair life, and to live with dignity

    3. The harsh response of the European Union, Australia, and the United States to the ongoing refugee crisis has kept the issue of migration squarely on the international agenda and may foreshadow responses to climate-induced displacement.

      The government's reaction to the refugee crisis shows us the response they would have toward displaced migrants. with militarized borders, and detention centers the people displaced by climate change and natural disasters looking for asylum, are seen as security threat not human beings that need protection

    1. you can use code to tell your story,

      Esta característica es interesante porque estamos acostumbrados a ver las salidas más no el código que está detrás y ver ambas cosas podría facilitar su comprensión.

    2. but that a lot can be done to make programming more accessible to beginners.

      En lo personal, me parece valioso que existan estas iniciativas pensadas para que las persona que no tenemos conocimientos o experiencia previa en programación podamos aprender, ya que la programación es un recurso que puede servir para diferentes aplicaciones en contextos de diferente naturaleza.

    1. Julia was designed from the beginning for high performance.

      Como vimos en la lectura Julia: the goldielock language, pese a que Julia se conoce por ser un lenguaje de programación fácil de aprender, es importante tener en cuenta que fue desarrollado por expertos/aficionados pensando en aficionados de la programación, lo que hizo que se consolidara como un lenguaje robusto que permite realizar tareas complejas de forma eficaz.

    2. To ensure reproducibility, the information to exactly reproduce the package environment is stored in your notebook file.

      Me parece interesante también que Pluto piense en la reproducibilidad como una característica importante porque elimina limitaciones y permite que cualquier persona pueda acceder a una libreta y ejecutarlo.

    3. Pluto notebooks are reproducible by default

      Creo que esto expresa una reproducibilidad de uso sencilla y de fácil acceso para trabajar en equipo. Me parece muy interesante cómo una herramienta digital se le puede dar uso cómo si esta fuera de alguna manera física y se compartiera de una manera mucha más fácil.

    4. changed code takes effect instantly and where deleted code leaves no trace

      Esta característica apunta de nuevo a la reactividad que ofrece Pluto, aunque me parece un poco "peligroso" que no quede rastro del código eliminado, porque como hemos visto en clase, el control de versiones ofrece múltiples ventajas y podría también salvar nuestro trabajo en caso de que se presente algún error de nuestra parte o en el sistema.

    1. Recording and submitting your voice-over PowerPoint

      NEW SECTION — required by Blueprint §7.3: “technical guidance for the voice-over PowerPoint (recording, file size, accessibility)”.

    2. This assessment will measure your ability to:

      STRUCTURE — the three criteria and their 10 point values are unchanged, word for word and number for number. Two columns are added. “Which process it assesses” is the co-design signposting decision applied to the rubric: it makes visible that criterion 2 carries both process 2 and process 3, which is precisely where students drop the evaluation.

    3. The three processes — read this before anything else

      CHANGE — CONFIRMED IN CO-DESIGN, 4 September 2026: “Assessment 2 must highlight and repeatedly signpost the three HRD processes students are assessed on and tend to forget: (1) training needs analysis; (2) develop the training program; (3) evaluate the program. The brief, checklist, rubric and the Week 3–4 activities name all three explicitly.” Recorded in Blueprint §1.3, §5.5 (“Three processes” design principle) and §7.3, and made a QA check in §9.2. All three are already required by the legacy brief — they are spread across the Overview, the task steps and the Assessment Guideline over three pages, which is exactly why students miss one. Nothing is added to the task. Please check the wording of each of the three names: they now appear identically in five places in this document and must match the rubric and the Focus on Assessment 2 page.

    4. KEY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION

      STRUCTURE — Blueprint §7.3 Key Assessment Information block. The four values are exactly as in the legacy header; four rows are added, including the three processes and the topic carried from Assessment 1.

    1. Using generative AI in this assessment

      NEW SECTION — one of the four changes confirmed in the co-design session of 4 September 2026: “Generative AI: no use permitted in any assessment. Every brief states clearly what is and is not allowed.”

    2. File format – submit your essay as a Word document (.docx) or a PDF, as one single file.

      GAP — the brief specifies the font, size and line spacing, and the Submission Format section says “one single file”, but no format is named. Curio proposes accepting either; if RMIT Online requires one format for Turnitin, tell us which.

    3. In this section, you need to outline the role and responsibilities of the HRD Manager. You need to read refereed journal articles and case studies within many articles to find out what the current HRD challenges in many organisations (not just your chosen organisation or e.g. a Health Service). The challenges include: talent management and skills gaps, and employee wellbeing, resilience and mental health. You need to ensure that your arguments are all supported by contemporary refereed journal articles - every comment you make that presents as a fact, assertion or argument must be substantiated with a refereed journal article that is cited in text. You may use one direct reference but mostly you must paraphrase your work. Marks are lost for unsubstantiated opinions. In fact, your opinion is not sought here. What we are interested in is your capacity to critically argue and communicate well researched information.

      CHANGE — the third and last topic reference in this brief. Co-design decision, 4 September 2026. The rest of the paragraph is unchanged.

      UPDATED v2.0: wording aligned to the refined topics (SME review, 14 September 2026).

    4. You will be marked against the following criteria:

      STRUCTURE — the four criteria and their 7.5 point values are unchanged, word for word and number for number. They are set as a table so the brief and the rubric can be read side by side. The two added columns satisfy Blueprint §7.3: “Every rubric criterion is taught and practised in a named weekly activity before it is assessed, and the brief lists those scaffolding activities”, and the §9.2 scaffolding-visibility check that no assessed criterion lacks at least one named scaffolding activity. Activity numbers are traced to the Blueprint §6 Module 1 and 2 topic tables — please confirm against the storyboards as they are authored. Note the criterion text says “essay and presentation” twice in the fourth criterion; there is no presentation in this assessment. Left verbatim; flagged in the open items.

    5. You choose one of the following: The first is talent management and skills gaps The second is employee wellbeing, resilience and mental health

      CHANGE — CONFIRMED IN CO-DESIGN, 4 September 2026:

      “Assessment 1 topics change. Students choose one of: talent acquisition; skills gap for retention. (Replaces discrimination and bullying / diversity and inclusion.) The chosen topic is carried into Assessment 2.”

      Recorded in Blueprint §1.3 and §7.2. This is the substantive change in this brief. It appears in three places here and three places in Assessment 2; all six are marked. Nothing else about the task changes — same role, same audience, same criteria, same word limit.

      UPDATED v2.0 (SME review, 14 September 2026): topics refined to “talent management and skills gaps; or, employee wellbeing, resilience and mental health” (Blueprint v2.0 §1.3, §7.2). The Coordinator also supplied two refereed readings per topic (Koeppe et al. 2024; Garavan et al. 2021 / Bartram et al. 2024; Li et al. 2024), set in Week 1 and referenced here so students start from them.

    6. KEY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION

      Every brief opens with a Key Assessment Information block: type, due date (with timezone), length, weighting — nothing a learner must hunt for.” The four values are exactly as in the legacy header; they are set as a table so a screen reader announces each label with its value, and four rows are added. Note the source header records the due date as “Sunday, Week 3, 23:59 (Melbourne time)”, which already matches the co-design confirmation.

    1. Assessment overview

      Nothing here changes the task or the weighting. Task, weighting, criteria and point values, word limits and due dates are as recorded in Blueprint v2.

      The substantive changes are the four confirmed in the co-design session of 4 September 2026 and refined in the SME review of 14 September 2026 (Blueprint v2.0), each marked as such: the Assessment 1 topics, the corrected course learning outcomes, the three HRD processes in Assessment 2, and the no-generative-AI position.

      Everything else is structure, scaffolding and accessibility, per Blueprint.

    1. Sociologists question the world that humans have created and live in. They notice patterns of behavior as people move through that world. Using sociological methods and systematic research within the framework of the scientific method and a scholarly interpretive perspective, sociologists have discovered social patterns in the workplace that have transformed industries, in families that have enlightened family members, and in education that have aided structural changes in classrooms.

      This just explains how sociologist notice patterns in behaviors as people live and move in this world. They notice how patterns of behavior affect families , work places and the education.

    1. 0(2k) possible parent sets for each variable

      Candidate Search: For each \(X_i\), we consider whether \(pa(X_i) \in Pa^G(X_i) \ \forall pa(X_i) \in Pa^H(X_i)\). \(|Pa^H(X_i)| \leq k\). Then, this calculation is \(O(2^k)\) for each \(X_i\).

    2. O(kn)

      Scoring: initially, every node is checked with k potential parents at most. In subsequent iterations, we consider whether each of those k parents is still optimal or not.

    1. Of course, acknowledging what one doesn’t know works largely because(and when) it can be paired with evidence of other knowledge you have aboutyour topic. Good sense can—and should—also be demonstrated in other ways.In addition to providing information about your topic, showing that you under-stand that claims must be supported by evidence enhances the impression thatyou have good sense. (Recall the discussion of claims and evidence from chapter2.) Or rather, we should put the claim this way: claims must be supported by evi-dence when appropriate.

      This part is important to keep in mind, this explains that to most effectively use ethos in an argumentative piece of writing you need to provide effective evidence or reasoning that helps support your claim. In doing so it also helps establish yourself as a trustworthy character therefore making your claim seem more trustworthy and effective towards the reader.

  2. www.nationalacademies.org www.nationalacademies.org
    1. Research on learning spans disciplines, including those centered on physiological processes, psychological and psychosocial functioning, and broader views of cultural context. We reviewed laboratory-based neuropsychology and cognitive science, as well as work from cultural and social psychology, classroom-based education research, and qualitative studies of adult learning and the workplace.

      That's a lot of areas of research, including hands-on, trial, observational.

    1. Fionn Mac Cumhail

      So basically Fionn caught a deer on this hunting journey, turn her into a women, got married, then his wife was able to disguise him as a baby to sneak into scotland?

    1. Then Mickey Maloney ducked his head,When a noggin of whiskey flew at him,It missed, and falling on the bed,The liquor scattered over Tim!

      So everybody drunk fighting and then the liquor hit tim dead body? LOL!!! I see why Jay rohr liked this song so much.

    2. His friends assembled at the wake,And Mrs. Finnegan called for lunch,First they brought in tay and cake,

      So tim dies and his wife makes their friends food and continue to party?? Lol

    3. He fell from the ladder and broke his skull,And they carried him home his corpse to wake.

      Tim died?? I guess he got too drunk and his his head and now they're carrying him back home.

    1. Für Atug geht es dabei um mehr als um Verwaltungstechnik: "Meine demokratische Basis ist, ich gehe zum Amt und bekomme das, was mir rechtlich zusteht. Wenn das defekt ist, weil die IT defekt ist, dann ist die Voraussetzung für die Prozesse einer Demokratie defekt."
    1. . None of these stress-associated features were observed in the 8 tomograms of M. adhaerens cells from a diatom-free culture, suggesting that they were specifically associated with the diatom–bacterium interaction.

      The cryo-ET argument in Figure 2 would be easier to follow with a healthy M. adhaerens cell in the same figure. The text says none of the stress features (vesicles, lost outer membrane, enlarged periplasm, loss of integrity) were seen in eight tomograms from a diatom-free culture, but Figure 2 only shows attached cells that already look compromised. A matched tomographic slice of an unattached cell, collected and displayed the same way as 2A–C, would give the reader a baseline for what you are calling damage.

    2. and this observation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Fig. 1C, Fig. S1)

      The panel labels in Figure 1 do not line up with the images or with the callouts in the text, and it is hard to follow the colonization claim until they do.

      As printed, panel A looks like Calcofluor White fluorescence of the spines, which matches the legend, but that panel is never cited. Calcofluor staining is only pointed to later, as Fig. S4. Panels B and C look like bright-field or epifluorescence of bacteria on spines, not SEM. Panels D and E look like the SEM overview and the pili close-up. The quantitative panels then appear to be F-H.

      The main text cites a different map. It calls 1B bright-field and 1C SEM, then later cites SEM as 1B. It sends the day-6 / day-14 colonization percentages to 1D, the "one to three bacteria per cell" count to 1E, and the cell-wall attachment image to 1F. In the legend those letters are the SEM panels and the first quantification plot. The same letters are then reused: 1E is also cited for exclusive spine attachment versus the cell body (legend: H), and 1F-G later for the low number of spine-associated bacteria (legend: the counts), after 1F has already been used for the cell-wall image.

      A single consistent key in the figure, the legend, and the Results would make the attachment observation much easier to trust. Right now a reader cannot tell which image is meant to support which sentence.

    1. Nurses from one of the city’s largest hospitals, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia, hand-delivered a letter to the union’s office last week, demanding Ms. Hagans’s removal as president of the New York State Nurses Association, according to one of the leaders of the union’s chapter at the hospital, Cagatay Celik. The letter was first reported by The City, an online news outlet.The dispute stems from the statewide union taking the pact directly to nurses and bypassing the nurse leaders at NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia, who had opposed the deal a mediator had offered to end the strike.

      The focus of this article is on the conlfcit btwn the hospital and union so why is there so much coverage on the conlfict within union itself -> makes union look like they cant come tgthr / are disorganized.

    2. Would there be a nurses strike at the end of every three-year contract?

      such a rhetorical questions places the balme on the nurses for choosing to repeat the stirke instead of looking into why it happened in the firs tplace.

    3. “It’s not a decision to be taken lightly, and one where the consequences of doing it and staying out for a long time could be catastrophic,” he said, noting the results of a five-year strike by Spectrum cable and internet workers in New York City that resulted in decertification of the union.

      His expert opinion is now edging the side of fear mornegrting and it is compellty irrelevent compring this stirke to that of the cable comapny as they are both so unique in temrs of deamdns, orginal conditions, and time grame

    4. Jason Ortiz, a political operative who was once the political director of a labor union, the New York Hotel Trades Council, said that he couldn’t recall any other union in New York that had led its members on two major strikes in such a short period.“That was a very, very risky and very, very courageous move,” he said.Striking workers, he said, couldn’t depend on protections from the National Labor Relations Board, a federal agency that has been largely sidelined.

      They have now brought in an experect and because of this his opinion has mor power and ofc his opinion makse the union look careless for leading its workers on strike yet again.

    5. “We know that for many, missing another paycheck and going without health care coverage is not an option you and your families can afford,” the hospital wrote in an email Friday.

      clear threat/hostility in this email and the artcile does nothing to acknowldge it.

    6. About 10,000 nurses began returning to work this past weekend at Montefiore in the Bronx and across three hospitals in the Mount Sinai Health System. But more than 4,000 nurses remained on strike in Upper Manhattan, outside NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia.

      By using the staticits here in such a manner a norm is establsuehd (those returning to the hhosptial) and the outler group (those still on strike) aremade to apperd difficult.

    7. did not include sufficient protections against layoffs, nor did it add enough nurses in understaffed units.

      there is only one sentence regarding the actual issue in the proposed deal , and then the follwing 3 paragraphs are spent talking about the conflict this created in the union, once again tkaing the attention away from the actual matter at hand.

    8. t was only after four weeks that a deal began to take shape, after the mediators put forward a proposal

      it makes it look like those fighitng on the union did close to nothing for the proposal of this deal and that it was all thanks to the mediators -> taking away credit.

    9. And last week, after having gone on strike for the second time in three years,

      the wording here makes the union seem like they often go on strike and that they're beong a nuissance as opposed to fighting for better working condiotns.

    10. hospitals were better prepared than in 2023

      better prepaed framse the hospitals in a postive light when in reality it shows how they knew the conditions were getting bad again so much so that they aere able to predict another strike

    11. But this winter’s walkout had been a far bigger gamble, with far less upside and considerably more peril.

      The author stating their opinion on the walkot before giving all the facts in making the reaers alreay view the situatioon for a biased persepecitve.

    12. But a rift has emerged among the union’s leaders as workers at four hospitals are back on the job, while a walkout persists at a fifth hospital.

      By highlighting the internal conflicts within the union it takes away from the larger picture which the unions conflict with the hospital organization.

    1. To practice giving feedback and meta-revision strategies, make an argument for why the chapters in this book should be presented in a different order.Then, reflect: In your opinion, what is the most important chapter or section from this textbook, and why?

      I believe that the chapters in this book can be shown in any order depending on what is being taught in the class. Some teachers may lean into reading strategies more than writing so they will be shown the reading chapter. The most important chapters to me were the writing chapters. I have a hard time coming up with staying organized when writing and these tools will really help me stay engaged.

    2. The goal is to make you independent thinkers and learners with various critical choices to make as readers and writers, based on who you are and what you think is important in the world.

      for yourself

    3. learning that leads to reading, which leads to writing, which leads to research, but that all parts of each process feed into, reflect, and build on each other recursively, or in a more circular way.

      all parts of this book are cohesive and go together

    1. Human brain is two separate organs, Stanford Medicine-led research finds
      • Core Finding:
        • Research led by Stanford Medicine reveals that the human brain consists of two distinct organs that evolved separately and were physically brought together over evolutionary time, rather than a single unified organ.
      • Dual Developmental Pathways:
        • Disproves the long-standing belief that the entire brain emerges from a single shared progenitor cell.
        • During gastrulation, the forebrain/midbrain and hindbrain develop along parallel, mutually exclusive tracks that never overlap.
        • Progenitor cells expressing the Otx2 gene give rise to the forebrain and midbrain (handling consciousness, abstract thought, and language).
        • Progenitor cells expressing the Gbx2 gene form the hindbrain (regulating vital autonomic functions including respiration, heart rate, swallowing, and hunger).
        • Fundamentally distinct chromatin (epigenetic packaging) configurations permanently commit each progenitor lineage to its respective identity early on.
      • Stem Cell Culture Breakthrough:
        • Clarifies why past attempts to culture hindbrain neurons failed: scientists were attempting to convert forebrain/midbrain progenitors into hindbrain fates, which is biologically impossible.
        • Researchers successfully directed human pluripotent stem cells to generate authentic, electrically active hindbrain motor neurons in vitro.
      • Evolutionary Scope:
        • Traced across 550+ million years of evolution, this dual-origin architecture is shared across vertebrates and ancient lineages like zebrafish, chickens, acorn worms, and jellyfish.
      • Medical & Clinical Implications:
        • Enables first-time laboratory disease modeling for fatal brain stem and motor neuron disorders, specifically Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA).
        • Provides a foundation for investigating hindbrain hunger circuits linked to obesity treatments.
    1. Jeden słodzony napój dziennie to ponad dwukrotnie wyższe ryzyko raka żołądka

      Picie codziennie co najmniej jednego napoju słodzonego cukrem prawie 2,5x podnosi ryzyko raka żołądka, niż gdyby pić takich napojów poniżej 1 na miesiąc – wykazało badanie Massachusetts General Hospital w Bostonie na 112 tys. badanych przez dziesiątki lat.

      U kobiet pijących więcej niż 1 porcję dziennie prawdopodobieństwo zachorowania rosło ponad 3x. Takich wzrostów nie zauważono wobec napojów ze sztucznymi słodzikami.

    1. Knowing how to summarize effectively and efficiently is a useful tool to have in your writing arsenal, whether in an Annotated Bibliography, or simply to understand any text better by paraphrasing or summarizing sections in your own words

      summarizing is one of the most important things

    1. Polacy są przewlekle zmęczeni

      Niemal 80% badanych Polaków cierpiało w ostatnich 3 miesiącach przewlekłe zmęczenie, a 25% śpi mniej niż 6 h na dobę wg raportu PZU Zdrowie.

      Częste zmęczenie deklaruje 28%, najczęściej w grupie 18-24 lata. Na stałe zmęczenie narzeka 31% kobiet i 25% mężczyzn.

      Tylko 42% młodych dobrze ocenia swój stan psychiczny, gdy u seniorów deklaruje go 74%.

      66% pracowników ma objawy wypalenia w pracy, a 68% przyznaje się do chodzenia do niej mimo choroby.

    1. After reading “Why Historical Thinking is NOT about History,” use evidence from the article to discuss why it is important to carefully evaluate the credibility of a source. What could be some consequences of spreading misinformation?

      It is very important to carefully evaluate the credibility of sources because the information that you are receiving could false. After reading that article, there was a group of students who believed the Holocaust was propaganda. Without knowing which sources are credible and spreading false information can be very serious. In this instance, many students were subjected to learn false information about the Holocaust. Without inspecting your sources you may find yourself spreading false information.

    2. Did you know that when you do a Google search you might get different results than the person sitting next to you? Google search results are heavily influenced by algorithms, keywords, advertisements, and even social biases.

      almost like social media

    3. Here are some additional advanced search techniques to try in Google: https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/2466433?hl=en

      search techniques for google

    1. My love has died for me today,    I’ll die for him tomorrow.”

      Romero and Juilet?? they love each other so much that even in death they don't want to be apart from each other?

    2. “O it’s I am sick and very very sick,    And it’s all for Barbara Allen.”—

      Even on his deathbed his love his as for Barbara is unmatched. She got herself a good man

    1. Warning clients about the consequences of deleting or altering information, including potential sanctions or adverse-inference instructions

      Should be: * Warning clients about the consequences of deleting or altering information, including potential sanctions or adverse-inference instructions

    1. protocol for social media and other things

      protocol not platform

      but really need infrastructure constellations

      for autonomous home brew tinkerable evergreen people centered interest based social networks build from trust for trust

      much like theweave.social

      except it is designed to emposer to be autonomous actors and creators in their owned network

      with agency, not agents, which is a machine oriented concept.

    2. [💻/thinkpad/🧊/me/📓/2026/9/1/🔍/-/nostr/](https://bafybeid6vcjk27laoyhy2t7wvzble6sfvxdfllbu65rnxsxj3qzna4fu74.ipfs.inbrowser.link/?filename=nostr%20-%20Brave%20Search%20(9_21_2026%2011%EF%BC%9A39%EF%BC%9A13%20PM).html}

    1. However, when you reframe the same questions with “How” or “Why,” you will get much richer answers to elicit a more interesting conversation. If you consider the question, “Why is Mickey Mouse the best candidate?,” or “How is Capitalism best?,” then there is something to discuss—a conversation to be had with your authors.

      I really like that this class is focused on starting conversations instead of shutting them down

    2. “intrinsic motivation” to research the issue is authentic.

      After doing the paper for criminal justice I had an in depth conversation with my friends and we circled into having community. It was pretty interesting having the same topics that I researched in class come up with a group of my friends.

    3. What are some personal experiences you have that relate to larger social issues? 2. Why are these issues important to you? 3. Choose one of these issues to discuss: Why or how would your research of this issue represent an example of “intrinsic motivation” for you?

      Being apart of community and not socially isolating is very important in our society. Having a group of people around is very important I have always been very blessed to be surrounded by people that love and support me. Without this social isolating can have devastating consequences. I did a paper for my criminal justice class and one of the questions was about social isolating, it had me thinking about how it's so important to have a good support group. The research of this issue gives me intrinsic motivation because it's something I'm very passionate about. The way that people act and the psychology of people who have been socially isolated is very interesting to me.

    4. eaningful research involves using the reading and writing strategies we’ve outlined earlier to investigate your own topics that can help you address issues that you and others like you experience, or even think about everyday.

      this is important in learning navigating the things you are interested in

    1. so your decisions must be part of an ongoing writing process that involves planning, drafting, revising, getting feedback, and repeating these stages until you are confident your document is effective.

      Ongoing process until it reaches a point of effectiveness, but that doesn't mean its perfect which is also ok.

    1. Those readers are the initial recipients of the message.  But there are secondary and tertiary readers to be aware of, too.

      ? So at what point would you stop thinking about the audience do to them being so far along, and should you prioritize certain audiences that could be more relevant and or useful.

    2. Ultimately, if the writer follows out the logic of her purpose with the right kinds of evidence, reasoning, genre, and tone, the text will carry weight because the message is clear.

      SO first find the audience, how to relay to that audience, then to relay the issue in a way to be best recieved

    3. So, my purpose became to alert the company leaders to a significant problem.

      So not necessarily to fix a problem, but to find one and allow the people who have the power to fix it become aware of it

    4. we go through a process of inquiry to find out what we want to have happen, in other words, to clarify our purpose.

      Series of questions to find our purpose

    5. Because the humor (directed to one reader) suggests the problem is not a serious one (to another reader).

      Write in mid with other audiences that may come across it

    6. our purpose needs to be clear in our own minds and in the minds of our readers.

      ! We have to understand the objective of what we're writing and the means to get that across to an audience

    1. Why MCP Was Always a Bad Idea
      • Premise and Context:

        • Critiques the Model Context Protocol (MCP)—introduced by Anthropic to standardize how LLMs connect with external tools, APIs, and data sources.
        • Argues that MCP is largely unnecessary, overhyped, and an awkward abstraction layer compared to simpler, direct integration patterns.
      • Core Arguments against MCP:

        • Redundancy with Existing Tooling: Full-fledged modern coding/terminal agents (e.g., Claude Code, Codex) already possess general tools like Bash, curl, and file access; forcing interactions through MCP adds an extra layer of indirection.
        • Context and Token Inefficiency: Schema definitions, capabilities, and tool descriptions in MCP must often be loaded into the context window, causing prompt bloat and unnecessary token consumption.
        • Operational Overhead: Running, maintaining, and configuring dedicated MCP servers across environments introduces architecture complexity and another point of failure.
        • Security and Isolation Concerns: Exposing broad tool capabilities over MCP creates risks around unintended ambient execution, prompt injection, and inadequate permission granularity compared to dedicated sandboxes.
        • Superior Alternatives: The author favors lighter, more deterministic paradigms—such as pairing terminal agents directly with CLI tools, well-documented REST/GraphQL APIs, or lightweight execution scripts.

      Hacker News Discussion

      • Defending MCP for Security and Governance (Simon Willison & others):

        • Commenters argue that giving an agent unrestricted shell/curl access ("YOLO mode") is unacceptable in security-sensitive or production environments.
        • MCP provides essential boundaries: fine-grained control over external service access, authentication management without exposing raw API keys/secrets to the LLM, and structured audit logs.
      • Standardization and SaaS Ecosystem Benefits:

        • Centralized MCP servers (e.g., mcp.linear.app) offer zero-friction discovery and updates across multiple clients without having to install and maintain local CLIs.
        • Standardizing interfaces prevents service providers from needing to support ad-hoc, disparate agent conventions.
      • Context Bloat vs. In-Context Efficiency:

        • Some users report severe token bloat with poorly optimized MCP servers compared to targeted CLI commands or custom markdown instructions (e.g., SKILL.md).
        • Conversely, others note that well-architected MCPs return clean, structured JSON, saving tokens and parsing overhead compared to messy CLI standard output.
      • Abstraction Layer vs. "Lipstick on a Pig":

        • Critics on HN argue that companies often build MCP servers to mask legacy, poorly designed APIs instead of fixing the root interfaces.
        • Proponents point out that wrapping legacy or internal systems (such as Windows COM interfaces or legacy internal databases) in an MCP server is precisely where the protocol excels, turning awkward systems into cleanly consumable agent tools.
      • Emergence of Deterministic Code Generation:

        • Multiple participants suggest using agents to write deterministic helper scripts for repetitive tasks rather than relying on dynamic runtime tool interpretation through MCP servers every time.
    1. he always forgives me.

      Theme: Unconditional Love The word “always” is important because it suggests that Dad's love feels dependable and unconditional. Even though the speaker is describing something as small as spilling soup, the moment reveals how safe they feel with him.

    2. I want to hug him sometimes, and I don’t.

      Theme: Emotional Vulnerability + Love The ending reveals that loving someone and expressing that love are not always the same thing. The hesitation in “and I don’t” leaves the poem unresolved, making the speaker's feelings feel more honest and complicated.

    3. The way he stirs cream into his coffee

      Theme: Memory + Love The speaker remembers something extremely ordinary about Dad, showing how love can exist in small details.

    4. he wasn’t in. I love that he wasn’tever in a war.

      Literary Device: Repetition + Theme The repetition of “war” emphasizes how deeply the speaker values their father’s safety while creating an emotional connection to the separation that military service can cause within families.

    5. the ash growing longer and longertill it crashes like the bridge

      Comparing the falling ash to a collapsing bridge turns an ordinary moment into something more meaningful. The image of the bridge falling apart may suggest instability or things eventually breaking down.

    6. Dad tends house since he gave up on jobs.

      Dad takes on a traditionally less expected role by staying home and caring for the house. The phrase “gave up on jobs” also hints that there may be more behind his situation than the speaker fully understands.

    1. The questions you ask should not be structured in a way that they seek one correct answer, per se, but rather perspectives or experiences of scholars that have come before you

      theres no one correct answer to questions

    2. research is about finding answers to a question given to you by your professor. While this may have been true in high school, we would like to propose that a more meaningful research process in college starts somewhere else, in a place far from just finding answers to somebody else’s questions.

      research isn't about just finding answers

    1. The central problem with this enclave model is that it has to import almost all the goods it subsequently assembles and exports. That explains why, in the first seven months of 2026, Morocco exported goods worth 299,340 million dirhams and imported 544,050 million, which amounts to an enormous trade deficit.

      That's striking.

    1. Example 9.3.4: The Pressure of a Mixture of Gases A 10.0-L vessel contains 2.50 10−3 mol of H2, 1.00 10−3 mol of He, and 3.00 10−4 mol of Ne at 35 °C. What are the partial pressures of each of the gases? What is the total pressure in atmospheres?

      Two errors in figure!

    1. AI amplifies existing socioeconomic and digital divides as students lacking access to technology and digital literacy skills risk falling further behind their wealthy peers.

      I agree to a certain extent. Those who are able to have access to these tools and utilize them more frequent; can potentially be losing the ability to do think things through. Honestly having everything can make you lazy. Those who have less essentially get creative and hop through more obstacles; those adaptations in our brains excite lobes that power these muscles to work harder. Essentially If you don’t t use it you will lose it. I myself would rather read a paper from my student that made the exploration of the methodology forming their own conclusions; than a cheap paper with pretty obvious nonsense.