10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2025
    1. While the company may be following the law, it is clear they could dispose of their waste more safely and be more responsible stewards of the neighborhood. However, that would cost the company more money, and may affect profit margins, result in slower growth, and provide fewer jobs for the locals.

      I believe that, if the company continued disposing of their waste unsafely, they would not be conducting their business with respect or integrity. The potential danger to health outweighs the risk of creating less jobs for locals

    2. The chapter explains the importance of articulating your own ethical code so you can be prepared when you find yourself in uncomfortable and/or unethical situations.

      An ethical code is important for technical writing because it ensures honesty and clarity. By practicing good ethics, writers build trust with their audience.

    1. The drone’s buzzing sound,the roar of an F-16,the screams of bombs falling on houses,on fields, and on bodies,of rockets flying away—rid my small ear canal of them all.

      This represents a dramatic shift from the first part of the poem. Here, the speaker is stuck in a war zone. The life they once had of hearing birds chirping in their backyard no longer exists; instead, all they hear is the buzzing of the drones, the screams, and the rockets.

    2. When you open my ear, touch itgently.My mother’s voice lingers somewhere inside.Her voice is the echo that helps recover my equilibrium

      The speaker seems to be remembering their childhood. They are reminiscing a memory of their mother who has passed. Hearing their mother's voice grounds them.

    1. How do you figure out what’s wrong with those bad ideas? Externalize often. The more you express those ideas—in words, in sketches, in prototypes, in demos—the more visible those flaws will be to you and other people. There’s a reason that Leonardo da Vinci kept a notebook in which he sketched and wrote every idea he had: it allowed him to see those ideas, share those ideas, critique those ideas, and improve those ideas. Had he kept them all in his head, his limited capacity to see and reason about those ideas would have greatly limited his productivity.

      I really like this section and think the idea of externalizing your ideas is super useful. I've noticed that when I sketch something out or explain it to someone else, I can spot the flaws way more easily than if I just keep it in my head. The Leonardo da Vinci example makes a lot of sense too as it shows even really smart people need a way to organize their thoughts. It's making me realize I should probably write down or sketch my ideas more often instead of trying to remember everything.

    2. The best way to have a good idea is to have a lot of ideas.

      I really connect with this sentence because it reframes creativity as persistence rather than perfection. Too often, I feel pressure to come up with something “brilliant” on the first try, which only makes me freeze. Pauling’s idea reminds me that even bad ideas are valuable because they push me closer to better ones. It’s a freeing perspective: creativity isn’t about being right the first time, but about showing up again and again.

    3. These are not big, challenging questions to ask, they’re just big, challenge questions to answer.

      I often find that the questions that are worth solving are the most complex to answer, but the problems that I'm most capable of solving are often very niche and specific usage scenarios (e.g. filtering emails into 3 separate buckets). So I think a big part of being creative is also knowing where to set your scopes & boundaries. Often times it's more effective to solve part of the problem than trying to tackle the whole (e.g. Tesla solved the entire EV infrastructure from production to charging & maintenance, but not all EV companies need to do that in order to be considered an effective solution).

    4. Externalize often. The more you express those ideas—in words, in sketches, in prototypes, in demos—the more visible those flaws will be to you and other people.

      This is harder than it sounds because people often fear critiques. A great way I've found that helps is to leverage AI to critique your ideas. There are caveats to this though: use the AI too much and it'll start brainstorming for you, plus a lot of the suggestions it makes could be irrelevant/generic. From my practice, I found it the most helpful in inspiring me to think about the aspects that I missed.

    5. Some of my students have also argued that pressure to pursue more “logical” careers rather than creative ones disincentivizes youth to pursue (and therefore practice) creative endeavors.

      I agree with this statement, as I feel like I experience this in my own personal life. I was raised in a way that prioritized family, which included the ability to support them. This meant that I needed a high-paying job, which is typically unattainable with a career that's more creative based. I feel like I had to suppress my creativity to pursue a career that was more logical. I agree that this is probably the case for many other students as well.

    6. Externalize often. The more you express those ideas—in words, in sketches, in prototypes, in demos—the more visible those flaws will be to you and other people. There’s a reason that Leonardo da Vinci kept a notebook in which he sketched and wrote every idea he had: it allowed him to see those ideas, share those ideas, critique those ideas, and improve those ideas. Had he kept them all in his head, his limited capacity to see and reason about those ideas would have greatly limited his productivity.

      I really like how this section connects creativity to the act of expressing ideas instead of just thinking about them. I agree that externalizing thoughts makes it way easier to catch flaws. Whenever I try to hold everything in my head, I lose track of details or overestimate the quality of my idea. It’s also kind of motivating to think that even someone like da Vinci needed to write everything down to make sense of it.

    7. First, I just argued, people are inherently creative, at least within the bounds of their experience, so you can just ask them for ideas. For example, if I asked you, as a student, to imagine improvements or alternatives to lectures, with some time to reflect, you could probably tell me all kinds of alternatives that might be worth exploring.

      I like this part because it reminds me that everyone is creative in their own way even if they don’t call themselves “designers.” I agree that students probably have the best ideas for improving lectures since we experience the problems firsthand. It’s validating to think that good design can start from simple reflections instead of some big expert process.

    1. I’m folding up my little dreamsWithin my heart tonight

      The speaker calls her dreams "little", but we know that these dreams aren't insignificant as she holds these dreams close to her heart.

  2. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. publish or perish"!

      Haha, yes! this quote "publish or perish" really captures the pressure in academic life. It's still very real today. Researchers are often expected to constantly publish their work to stay relevant, get funding, and keep their jobs. We can definitely see this in our contemporary academic world, where success is often measured more by output than by impact or quality.

    2. In these unre-markable daily events, Piaget saw a remarkable process of cognitivedevelopment. In Piaget's view, moment-to-moment specific encoun-ters with objects or people lead to general ways of understanding theworld.

      I thought it was interesting to read here how knowledge is constructed through children's everyday experiences with people and objects, as they actively try to understand the world and move through different stages of thinking.

    1. The greater your muscle mass, the larger and denser your muscles are. The related term lean body mass is the weight of your muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons and internal organs.

      Depending on the type of bulk you want, clean bulking can help increase muscle mass as well as lean body mass. This can prevent frailty.

    2. Be sure to include enough muscle-nurturing protein. Women need about 46 grams per day, men about 56 grams

      Making note of a gender difference, which **may or may not ** open up my research to better serve the audience on my findings.

    3. Mediterranean diet: Traditional cuisine of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea,

      The Mediterranean diet has some great meals which match up well clean bulking.

    4. people who followed this approach (also known as the Mediterranean diet) faithfully were 74 percent less likely to become frail.

      A clean bulk can decrease frailty by as much as 74%.

    5. Eat well.

      A prevention method to combat frailty is to eat three balanced meals per day. This coincides with the ideas of clean bulking: eating at least three balanced meals a day.

    6. frailty increases the risk of infections, illnesses that have to be treated in the hospital, falls and even disabilities. In a study of 594 older adults, Johns Hopkins researchers have found that frailty doubles the risk of surgical complications, lengthens hospital stays, and increases the odds of leaving independence behind (and moving to a nursing home or assisted-living facility) after a surgical procedure by as much as twentyfold.

      Frailty = Bad Increase in illness, hospital stays, disability, infection, surgery issues, living in nursing home, etc.

    7. An estimated 7 to 12 percent of Americans age 65 and older are considered frail. Risk rises with age—from one in 25 people between ages 65 and 74 to one in four of those older than age 84.

      On average, 10 percent of people above the age of 65 are frail. This percent only rises with age.

    1. the rhetor in this is vincent acovino where as the rhetorical situation is that the rhetor is saying that this said company is making games through soulless machines which yes sparks debate because yes, AI is a long debated topic. this overall audience that the rhetor is waiting to is people who want to make video games and use generative AI. and, the context is that some people are sparking a debate because yes this is a debatable topic I agree on that. The time is now because yes now people are starting to build more AI machines. I don't think there is any genre or medium to this

    Annotators

    1. Skepticism: An inclination to challenge ideas and withhold judgment until all evidence is considered or when evidence is insufficient. It means being able to take a position and change it when sufficient evidence and reasons are presented, and to look at findings from various perspectives. A "healthy dose of skepticism" involves pointing the skeptical finger at one's own ideas for self-reflection.

      Challenging and questioning ideas presented to you can not only help you learn all sides of the story, but to create your own opinions based on questions and facts relevant to you, and it helps you learn to not take everything at face value.

    2. I’ve learned to ground my beliefs in evidence and let data shape my conclusions, not the other way around. It’s easy to be drawn in by personal stories or strong opinions, but I’ve come to value the habit of asking, “What does the data say?”

      Examining data from a unbiased viewpoint makes sure you are taking in the facts and only the facts. Altering data with personal opinions makes it lose lots of its credibility. Maintaining an unbiased stance gets you the most out of the data and information you have.

    1. ✍️ Systems I Use: Commonplace Book Zettelkasten

      Someone who indicates that they use both "commonplace book" and "zettelkasten" systems. I'm curious how they differentiate the two, particularly because they seem to both be done on index cards.

      Sort of sounds like zettles are her own ideas vs. commonplace for the ideas of others.

      At 4:40 she seems to use linear numbering on her zettels and not Luhmann-artig numbering.

    1. invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery OR via arguments, appeals (logos, pathos, ethos),

      This ties in with UX design because there is always intent in how to present interfaces. For example, arranging something in a specific way to help the interface flow better or to be mindful of the company's identity or the user's skill level.

    2. We engage in communication with technology every day. This communication is through language, language being a symbolic exchange. This symbolic exchange is a form of discourse, as discourse is thought expressed through language. This discourse is rhetorical as rhetoric is a form of discourse that uses language as its main instrument, moreover, it adheres to the six characteristics of rhetorical discourse and when designed effectively, adapts discourse to its ends.

      Rhetoric is something that exists all around us. This means that it ties in to the structure of our lives and of society, down to the foundations. In the digital age where we communicate through application, it is important to adhere to the six characteristics of rhetorical discourse to provide useful precepts and present ideas/feeling to users in a better way

    3. Every behavior is a kind of communication including the absence of action as it is open for a recipient to create meaning, it has the potential to be interpreted.

      How we behave is a form of communication, as our actions can be interpreted by how we are acting in a certain moment.

    1. “We’re going to have a hard time today,” the surgeon says to the X-rays.

      This method in which this story is told almost reads like a news story. It makes the narrative sound transactional and dramatic, like you would see on a medical drama.

    2. Hemostats snap over the arteries of the scalp. Blood spatters onto Dr. Ducker’s sterile paper booties.

      This sentence alone sends shivers down my spine. The concept of cutting into someone's head is enough to freak a reader out, but words like "snap" and "spatters" make it even more uncomfortable.

    3. The steady pop, pop, popping isn’t loud, but it dominates the operating room.

      I love the use of onomatopoeia in this tense description; it really adds depth for all senses of imagination.

    4. It is 8:25 a.m. The heartbeat goes pop, pop, pop, 70 beats a minute, steady.

      I'm watching The Pitt right now, which is a medical drama on HBO Max, and they format the show where each episode is an hour of a 15 hour shift. I see that formatting similarity in this essay, where time is mentioned often to create a sense of urgency. I think, especially in hospital settings, the fast-paced nature and feeling of running out of time is heightened by deliberately including that detail to audiences. It also highlights the fact that it is so early in the morning and so much action is already happening.

    5. The monster won.

      It's interesting how they humanized the clots the way they did. But with the sandwich it showed how much he had that she would get better.

    1. ______________________________________

      I would definitely recommend getting in the right head space and limiting distraction! Some things to help would to be to go into a quiet room, without your phone, and breathe

    1. Conversely, Illich’s ‘tools for conviviality’ are appropriate and congenial alternatives to tools ofdomination, as convivial tools promote learning, sociality, community, ‘autonomous and creativeintercourse among persons, and the intercourse of persons with their environment’ (Illich, 1973,p. 27)

      These ideas are good ones if done right but, like everything there are factors which people are not going to expect until it happens.

    2. Having previously realized that society’s ‘hiddencurriculum’ (Illich, 1970, p. 74) manufactures schools in order to introject forces of domination intostudent bodies, Illich went on to insist that, in a highly professionalized and commoditized mediaculture, all aspects of life either promote themselves as educative or increasingly demand someelement of training as a cost of unchecked consumption.

      There are these undertones that lie in the school system and it stems from their developing origins.

    3. Freire responded by observing that for all their pedagogical valueand apparent historical necessity, computers were not technologically determined to compelstudents to use them in a critically conscious manner (Papert, 2000).

      Students always have to will themselves to learn, the computers will not do it for them.

    4. During the early 1990s, as Secretary of Education for the city of São Paulo, Freire recognizedthat computers represented society’s and education’s inevitable future, and thus he acted decisivelyto commit to the infusion of computers in all of the schools under his direction.

      Technology is the inevitable future of everyone you lead the charge or you fall behind in more ways than one.

    5. Though significant divides clearly exist between rich and poor within theadvanced developed nations of the North as well, this gap in the literature of critical pedagogyundoubtedly results from the differing political and economic needs of the Southern countries inLatin America and Africa, developmental needs which Freire sought first and foremost to address.

      Development needs are always different depending on the country as the priorities change from country to country.

    6. Emergent forms of Internet culture utilizing ‘blogs’ and ‘wikis’ [7] are potentially involvedin a radically democratic social and educational project that amounts to the mass circulation andpoliticization of information and culture. So-called ‘bloggers’ have reinvigorated journalism andpolitics through the manifestation of an efficient grass-roots media force and, in their hands,computing technology appears to be a vehicle for citizens to (at least on occasion) demonstratedirectly both meaningful voice and agency in society

      Internet culture really has had an influence on everything from the pros to the cons.

    7. the question remains as to how thistechnology is affecting the lives of students and families in the area for both good and ill.

      Technology in certain areas doesn't always help and in some cases it keeps students from learning as they solely rely on it.

    8. In the United States, the nation of megaspectacle, schools have been forced to transform underthe pressures wrought by ubiquitous media, technoculture and a computer industry that seeks toplace a computer in every child’s hands (Trend, 2001)

      Some institutions have been quick to roll out new tools as a way to better educate as they say but, some cases has it working in the opposite direction due to oversight of whether it would even help.

    9. New multimedia that synthesize forms of radio, film, television news andentertainment, and the mushrooming domain of cyberspace become spectacles of technoculture,generating expanding sites of information and entertainment, while intensifying the spectacle formof media culture.

      Media culture is still evolving but. where it is going is one some fear as it is shaped by certain people who should not be molding it.

    10. TheInternet-based economy deploys spectacle as a means of promotion, reproduction, and thecirculation and selling of commodities.

      More things are sold on the net than they are sold in person a feat many did not think possible.

    11. In the handsof its many boosters, the information society has often been represented as a sort of cyber-ecumene, capable of bridging differences, weaving communion and welcoming underdevelopedregions into a form of ‘global village’ political economy.

      The information world can bridge many countries but it is also very treacherous due to certain people using it.

    12. As it is centered on computer, information, communicationand multimedia technologies, the resulting product of this revolution is often hailed as thebeginning of a ‘network’ or ‘information society’ (Castells, 1996, 1999; Kellner, 2002).

      Large strides in tech have been achieved but, some say it has stalled with fewer advancements coming out for the public.

    13. It is therefore the utopian challenge to radicalize social practices andinstitutions through the application of new diagnostic critical theories and alternative pedagogiessuch that oppressive cultural and political features are negated, even as progressive tendencieswithin everyday life are articulated and reaffirmed.

      When proposing new ideas it will always be a struggle when norms are already established.

    14. Reality should be seen as complex and contested by avariety of forces, rich with alternatives that are immediately present and yet ideologically,normatively, or otherwise blocked from achieving their full realization in their service to society(Marcuse, 1972, p. 13

      The amount of forces in reality can be overwhelming at times but, a factor to deal with like anything in life.

    15. Technologized media themselvesnow constitute Western culture through and through, and they have become ‘the primary vehiclefor the distribution and dissemination of culture’ (Kellner, 1995, p. 35).

      They are almost the mandatory requirement for even certain things to access in the school system.

    1. While it is true that some young women in today’s society are more sexualized than in the past, that is not true for all girls. The writer of this thesis should ask the following questions: Which teenage girls? What constitutes “too” sexualized? Why are they behaving that way? Where does this behavior show up? What are the repercussions?

      And whose opinion is this? Who is sexualizing them? Why are they sexualizing them?

    2. The best way to revise your thesis statement is to ask questions about it and then examine the answers to those questions

      Make sure to ask specific questions and find helpful answers

    3. A thesis is not your paper’s topic, but rather your interpretation of the question or subject.

      NOT A TOPIC, but the question you base the rest of your work on.

    1. attributing resulting problems to “hallucinations” ofthe models may allow creators to “blame the AI model forfaulty outputs instead of taking responsibility for the out-puts themselves”

      I believe it would be beneficial for discourse around AI to move away from terms like "hallucinations" because it forces the designers of these LLMs to have to address the actual problems with their product instead of bullshitting to consumers about the nature of AI.

    2. To lie = df. to make a believed-false statement toanother person with the intention that the other personbelieve that statement to be true

      I find it interesting that people would call AI or LLMs liars. Based on this definition a person would have to concede that an LLM knew that the information it had was false but still presented it as true anyways. Giving the LLM a higher level of intelligence and agency then it otherwise has.

    3. Frankfurt understands bullshit to be characterized not byan intent to deceive but instead by a reckless disregard forthe truth.

      Lies acknowledge truth and aims to obscure it. Whereas bullshit throws out the truth altogether.

    4. bullshitting, in the Frankfurtian sense

      This framing challenges how AI misrepresentation is talked about in public discourse. The shift from saying AI has “hallucination” to calling it “bullshit” is significant because it affects how responsibility and agency are attributed to AI.

  3. talebones.substack.com talebones.substack.com
    1. Before getting input from the user, it is a good idea to print a prompt telling the user what to input. You can pass a string to input to be displayed to the user before pausing for input:

      to make use of the inout function be sure to make a variable and assigned do = input ("What is your name?\n"0 this will bring the qurstion to come onto the users screen and then wait for a response

      You can pass a string into the input function that would show up on theusers screen

    1. Many would claim that thisperiod of American global leadership has led to similarlyunprecedented levels of prosperity, if certainly not unbrokenpeace. It has also led to heightened global levels of economic,sexual, and racial inequality, a not unlikely source of muchpopulist opposition to these elite structures.

      thinking about how many cultures across the world once had very progressive views on, for instance, gender and sexuality, but colonization made its mark on the people's views to the point that those same nations are now extremely socially conservative. Philippines

    2. Increasingly, easily taken and transmitted cellphone video is used to document all sorts of violationswhich are then used to generate outrage among supportersand activate behavioral responses to political and socialtransgressions. In this way, technology facilitates anextremely low-cost mechanism by which a single personcan communicate with millions of others without interrup-tion or mediation.

      ive heard it stated that the genocide in palestine is the first time in history that such an event has been broadcasted to the entire world in such an intimate manner thanks to social media. however, due to the way that algorithms work, everyone sees such a personalized version of content, news and information that we still have a fractured and divided base of people. those who are already predisposed to being anti-war are seeing and engaging with this never-ending stream of info, while others living right next to them might not hear of it at all.

    3. groundbreaking works surrounding chimpanzee politics andthe connections between apes and humans across various formsof human behavior including aggression. Human proclivity forsocial hierarchy, display behavior, and the psychological needfor dominant leaders traces back millions of years throughhuman evolution.

      ok im not gonna say that chimps arent hugely connected to humans because they are, and it is useful to observe their structures to compare them to humans in an attempt to understand human nature. THAT BEING SAID. bonobos are equally related to humans as chimps are, and their structures are much different. none of that patriarchal alpha male aggression is present in bonobo social structure. it's a matriarchal society that prioritizes gentleness in males and largely uses sex to resolve conflicts and bond socially (contrasting with chimps use of hunting and aggression to resolve conflicts).

      im putting that out there because whenever i see chimps being pointed to as The Closest Relative To Humans, i want to challenge the notion that aggressive male behavior is the only example we can point to when discussing evolutionary human nature. thats all, soapbox over

    Annotators

    1. Your ideal learning situation may be unique and different from everyone else’s on the planet, so the beauty of independent language study, whether you are also taking a language class or not, is that you get to create your own environment and choose your own strategies.

      My ideal learning situation would be different from most. I would prefer to learn by being around language all the time as well as taking classes.

    2. Cognitivist learning can include things like solving language puzzles, analyzing scripted dialogues, or using clever memory strategies since these activities encourage our brains to search for relationships in the material.

      Cognitive learning is like actively choosing to learn because you are interested.

    3. Different strategies are supported by different theories, and a strategy that builds long-term recollection of vocabulary for one person might not work for another person.

      Understanding ones different strategies for studying is very important. When in a study group, everyone will probably share a way of studying that works best for them. This is important to not disregard ones strategy, because for the certain idea of learning a new language, will optimize your knowledge on how you usually study. This way may be the same as your other study methods, or different. Learning a language is very different compared to learning math for instant.

    1. Instruction is the choice of circumstances which facilitatelearning.

      People will learn more effectively in a situation they need to than a situation they have too.

    2. To make this disestablishment effective, we need a lawforbidding discrimination in hiring, voting, or admission tocenters of learning based on previous attendance at somecurriculum.

      Discrimination is one of the hardest things to get past as it is rooted in how people are raised or where and how they grew up some don't even know they are doing it.

    3. Normal children learn their first language casually,although faster if their parents pay attention to them.

      The common language around those learning will always be the one that is learned more effectively because one is not trying they are actively doing.

    4. A second major illusion on which the school system rests isthat most learning is the result of teaching.

      Learning is done everywhere not just the school system and by the teachers in them.

    5. Countries are rated like casteswhose educational dignity is determined by the averageyears of schooling of its citizens, a rating which is closelyrelated to per capita gross national product, and much morepainful.

      Education is always compared with everyone and one that is in a way a contest of strength in education.

    6. Schoolhas become the world religion of a modernized proletariat,and makes futile promises of salvation to the poor of thetechnological age.

      Education is that one thing everyone believes is a door way to greater opportunities and one that is deceiving in some cases.

    7. Rather than calling equal schooling temporarily unfeasible,we must recognize that it is, in principle, economicallyabsurd, and that to attempt it is intellectually emasculating,socially polarizing, and destructive of the credibility of thepolitical system which promotes it.

      Equal schooling is impossible to achieve due to to many factors that in the end can never be met all together.

    8. The United States isproving to the world that no country can be rich enough toafford a school system that meets the demands this samesystem creates simply by existing, because a successfulschool system schools parents and pupils to the supremevalue of a larger school system, the cost of which increasesdisproportionately as higher grades are in demand andbecome scarce.

      That is why funds must be used wisely so that the students can be properly educated in their fields and not specifically in other fields specific to others.

    9. everywhere expenditures onschool fall even further behind the expectations of parents,teachers, and pupils. Everywhere this situation discouragesboth the motivation and the financing for large-scaleplanning for nonschooled learning.

      It requires funds for education and the changing economies and those in charge will make it harder than when the parents were in school.

    10. It isnow generally accepted that the physical environment willsoon be destroyed by biochemical pollution unless wereverse current trends in the production of physical goods.

      Unfortunate as the good s that cause the damage are so cheap the make and corporations choose that over healthy options.

    11. Work, leisure,politics, city living, and even family life depend on schoolsfor the habits and knowledge they presuppose, instead ofbecoming themselves the means of education.

      Everything is a learning experience and everyday something new can be learned it should not be only the schools who educate everyone.

    12. The failures of school are taken bymost people as a proof that education is a very costly, verycomplex, always arcane, and frequently almost impossibletask.

      Appearances can always be deceiving the failures of schools can always be remedied for those who strive to persevere in the system.

    13. Neither in North America nor in Latin Americado the poor get equality from obligatory schools.

      Equality in school systems can be hard to achieve as it is connected to the country and how things are and will be.

    14. Most countries inLatin America have reached the "take-off" point towardeconomic development and competitive consumption, andthereby toward modernized poverty: their citizens havelearned to think rich and live poor.

      It is a good mindset to strive for success even if your not there yet, you can eventually reach closer to it in the long run.

    15. Modernizedpoverty in poor nations affects more people more visiblybut also-for the moment-more superficially.

      When one see's the hardships it means its even more worse that it looks.

    16. The money indeed went tothe schools which contained most of the disadvantagedchildren, but it was not spent on the poor childrenthemselves.

      When it comes to school funds you always have faith it goes to those who need it but, it goes more to services than to those who need it.

  4. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Federal Trade Commission. FTC Alleges Facebook Resorted to Illegal Buy-or-Bury Scheme to Crush Competition After String of Failed Attempts to Innovate. August 2021. URL: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/08/ftc-alleges-facebook-resorted-illegal-buy-or-bury-scheme-crush-competition-after-string-failed (visited on 2023-11-24).

      This article highlights Facebook's buy or bury technique in order to maintain its monopoly on other apps. Facebook failed to innovate when going mobile, which forced its hand to resort to this method. Facebook either bought out platforms or restricted access, which imposed their monopoly and stifled competition. This method caused the FTC to create a claim against facebook

    1. Lastly, communicative approaches are the most popular among language teachers today, largely because of their focus on usability rather than perfection.

      I agree that a communication focused class seems to be better than just writing things down, it makes you think critically.

    2. Akin to behaviorism, learning takes place through habitual repetition and praise for correct answers.

      I can agree with this in the sense that for me the best way for learning is writing things down over and over again. With this, being able to retake quizzes and trying to get the correct answer a second time, and revealing it, help me actually learn more than just getting a simple test score back. Being able to show your mistakes and correct answers should be an important part of learning, not just one chance all about your grade.

    1. accrediting bodies certify the operation of organizations as a whole. While professional associations and licensing bodies certify the work of individuals

    2. Agencies with the greater number of funding sources the more complex the agency's operations become whle agencies with a single funding source risk becoming rigid and overspecialized.

    Annotators

    1. One of the early ways of social communication across the internet was with Email [e5], which originated in the 1960s and 1970s. These allowed people to send messages to each other, and look up if any new messages had been sent to them.

      Emailing has shown to withstand the test of time despite being invented in the 1960s and 1970s. Email is a core platform for communications by businesses, people, etc. I found the date of origination of the email to be the biggest shocker.

    1. The reading and writing style is exactly what it sounds like. If you fell into this category, you could be told you would learn better if you took notes while reading your textbook or wrote essays (ok probably not whole essays) to help with comprehension. Lastly, the kinesthetic preference emphasizes that some students learn best through tactile projects, physical learning materials, and active learner contribution.

      I believe these different tactics are very important to understand. For me, I feel like I learned the kinesthetic tactic when I was younger, and used that a lot more. Then as I got older, for example, rewriting things over and over was the best and most efficient way for me to learn. Nowadays especially in college with so much diversity in learning opportunities I am using a mix of both. It depends on the subject matter of what style works best for me.

    1. Did you surprise yourself?

      Within this exercise I didn't surprise myself much. I got most of them right first try. For me when I was looking at the sentences it was pretty easy to tell what one had the proper usage of grammar. I read the sentences out loud, and the one that was grammatically correct just sounded right. There were some that also sounded okay and right, but I could just tell very easily right of the back what one was the first grammatically correct one.

    1. Postcolonial scholarship has been primarily concerned with cultural translation,that is, translation understood guratively as movement between cultures, and has had less regard forlanguage issues, while translation studies has emphasized the complexity of translation as a linguisticpractice that involves intercultural mediation.

      Setting up dichotomy between related fields of study that could be reconciled by cross-field dialogue

    Annotators

  5. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Matt Binder. The majority of traffic from Elon Musk's X may have been fake during the Super Bowl, report suggests. February 2024. Section: Tech. URL:

      This source talks about bots on X, formerly known as twitter. Specifically it talks about bots activity during the Super Bowl in 2024. Elon Musk claimed that there had been billions of views and activity during Super Bowl Sunday, but it was uncovered that more than 70% of this and been bots. What interests me the most is advertising revenue, the more views a social media site like X gets, the more they can charge advertisers. So what happens if those views are by bots and they would never actually buy the thing being advertised. It takes away the platforms credibility completely and it makes me wonder what kind of consequences there are for it.

    2. ll models are wrong. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1183166756. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_models_are_wrong&oldid=1183166756 (visited on 2023-11-24).

      The Wikipedia article " All models are wrong" explores the famous saying of George Box, " All models are wrong but some are useful." This is said because it emphasizes that every model is a simplification of reality and therefore cannot be completely accurate. However, they still prove to be of value to us as they help us understand things about complex systems

    3. Matt Binder. The majority of traffic from Elon Musk's X may have been fake during the Super Bowl, report suggests. February 2024. Section: Tech. URL: https://mashable.com/article/x-twitter-elon-musk-bots-fake-traffic (visited on 2024-03-31).

      I notice lots of people responded to this source, because it's really telling and ironic how Elon proclaimed that the bots on Twitter were a big problem discouraging him from purchasing the platform, yet we're seeing reports that his acquisition has only increased bot usage on the platform. And even though I feel that this data is likely accurate, is there a chance that, in line with our discussion of data being a simplification of reality, this bot traffic may be overestimated? Or even underestimated? It's something to think about.

    4. [d11]

      Describes the kind of computer graphics called vector graphics. Basically vector graphics are special because they are shapes constructed on a cartesian plain as opposed to a raster model where pixels are assigned a color value and then a ton of those squares make up the image. Some use cases include graphic design, GIS, and CAD.

    5. Matt Binder. The majority of traffic from Elon Musk's X may have been fake during the Super Bowl, report suggests. February 2024. Section: Tech. URL: https://mashable.com/article/x-twitter-elon-musk-bots-fake-traffic (visited on 2024-03-31).

      About 75.85% of Twitter traffic during the 2024 super bowl was fake bots accounts according to a cyber security firm. At the time, even most Twitter users could tell the increase in the number of unauthentic content, and this Superbowl situation shows how it's likely not all false

    6. Matt Binder. The majority of traffic from Elon Musk's X may have been fake during the Super Bowl, report suggests. February 2024. Section: Tech. URL: https://mashable.com/article/x-twitter-elon-musk-bots-fake-traffic (visited on 2024-03-31).

      I find it incredibly funny that up to 76% of all traffic to advertisers on X during the 2024 Superbowl was fake especially because of Elon's claims that Twitter was heavily botted just a few years prior. X in my experience has been one of the most heavily botted platforms, so this data alligns with my experience aswell.

    7. Twitter. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1187856185. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter (visited on 2023-12-01).

      By reading this Wikipedia, I have a better understanding of Twitter. I think the overall history of Twitter is interesting, and Twitter is a social media platform with a huge global user base, making it a very influential platform.

    8. Kareem Carr [@kareem_carr]. In the summer of 2020, I got into a huge internet fight about math. It was such a big controversy that I ended up being profiled in Popular Mechanics. It was even discussed by the New York Times.

      Kareem Carr’s tweet reflects how discussions about math and data interpretation can become socially and politically charged, especially in online spaces. His experience, which gained attention from major outlets like Popular Mechanics and The New York Times, highlights how even technical subjects like mathematics are influenced by cultural and ideological debates. This connects to the chapter’s themes about the social dimensions of technology and knowledge, showing that data and algorithms are never entirely objective or separate from human values.

    9. My last name is to long, what do I do? June 2019. Section: Get your taxes done using TurboTax. URL: https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/taxes/discussion/my-last-name-is-to-long-what-do-i-do/00/655670 (visited on 2023-11-24).

      This is an interesting dilemma that I’ve noticed on example such as standardized testing or websites. The most noticeable solution is to place the first letters of your name and let the other identifying features such as your social security number or address let people know your full name. Though, it still is unfair that people have to deal with this since it could make people feel like their ancestors is weighing them down.

    10. Zero-based numbering. September 2023. Page Version ID: 1176111995. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zero-based_numbering&oldid=1176111995#Origin (visited on 2023-11-24).

      Use usage of 0 in mathematics, specifically the "0th derivative" of a function is interesting, as it represents the unaltered state of the function, as no change has been done to it yet. This say of thinking can also be uses on other elements that change quite often, with the number not representing the order of change, but the degree of change.

    11. Sasha Costanza-Chock. Design Justice : Community-Led Practices to Build the Worlds We Need. The MIT Press, 2020. ISBN 978-0-262-35686-2 978-0-262-04345-8. URL: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/78577 (visited on 2023-12-15), doi:10.7551/mitpress/12255.001.0001.

      I’m glad to see Design Justice: Community-Led Practices to Build the Worlds We Need by Sasha Costanza-Chock in the bibliography. This work deeply connects design choices with power, oppression, and equity. It would be interesting to more explicitly surface how “data simplification” (in 4.2) is a design choice that can perpetuate injustice.

    12. ] Caroline Delbert. Some People Think 2+2=5, and They’re Right. Popular Mechanics, October 2023. URL: https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/math/a33547137/why-some-people-think-2-plus-2-equals-5/ (visited on 2023-11-24).

      The title of this article caught my attention. I thought her example of 2 cups of vinegar and 2 cups of baking soda making 5 cups of foam was interesting. The article also shows how truth is not universal. Facts could be subjective to different people and different loopholes.

    13. My last name is to long, what do I do?

      In this post, the person is asking what should they do if there last name is too long, and in the comment section, people are either helping or sharing same experience. I found this interesting because as a person with a short last name, I never thought it would be a problem for people. And why would the website designer put a limit on how long your last name should be; I don't quite understand the purpose of this limit and honestly I'm curious about why.

    14. Twitter. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1187856185. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter (visited on 2023-12-01).

      This Wikipedia page on Twitter provided me with a comprehensive overview of the platform's evolution from its founding to its current state, including its functional changes, shifts in user scale, and its impact in social and political spheres. After reading it, I realized that social media is not merely a tool for communication; it also plays a significant role in shaping public opinion, disseminating information, and even influencing policy decisions. This deepened my understanding of the course discussions on the power and responsibilities of social platforms.

    15. Complex number. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1186512779. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Complex_number&oldid=1186512779 (visited on 2023-11-24).

      This chapter looks at the numbers we use for counting and measuring. It introduces the definition of "imaginary numbers" and "complex number" which were invented to solve problems that were previously impossible. The chapter shows how all different types of numbers work together and what properties they have.

    16. Anna Lauren Hoffmann. Data Violence and How Bad Engineering Choices Can Damage Society. Medium, April 2018. URL: {https://medium.com/@annaeveryday/data-violence-and-how-bad-engineering-choices-can-damage-society-39e44150e1d4} (visited on 2023-11-24).

      I think this one reminds me that data or technology can hurt people not only through bad system design, but also through how people use platforms. In real life, we know we should respect others, but on social media, people often forget this. They just argue to protect their opinion, even if their words really hurt others. For example, on Chinese platforms, I saw many NBA fanslike LeBron or Kobe fans argue about “who is better.” But these debates often become personal attacks, even cursing each other’s family. I think this is a kind of online data violence too, because people ignore the emotional impact of their words.

    17. Anna Lauren Hoffmann. Data Violence and How Bad Engineering Choices Can Damage Society. Medium, April 2018. URL: {https://medium.com/@annaeveryday/data-violence-and-how-bad-engineering-choices-can-damage-society-39e44150e1d4} (visited on 2023-11-24).

      When I was reading Hoffmann's article, I was particularly impressed. She pointed out that "bad engineering decisions can lead to data violence" - this made me re-examine the viewpoint in Chapter 4 about "all data being a simplified representation of reality". When we are modeling or designing data systems, every seemingly technical choice can actually exclude or misunderstand the experiences of certain groups. This made me think of a table I saw earlier, where the gender options were only "male/female", without an option for "non-binary" - this seemingly was just a data constraint, but in fact it was a form of harm. Hoffmann's argument reminded me that ethics should not be considered after the system is completed, but should start from the very first step of data design.

    1. I love that we are discussing fanfiction in relation to literature and communication. Often, people diminish fanfiction's legitimacy because of the demographics it is written by and the fact that it is often beginner writers (so it is less 'sophisticated') but it has value in our culture and many others. It displays a lot of the development of language and communication. Sorry, I'm discussing this in another class so it just.. in my head rn.

    1. Can I keep the Pet I found? Legal requirements Take out everything after must complete hold period. Pretty sure on this but will need team to check.

    1. As you can see, TurboTax has a limit on how long last names are allowed to be, and people with too long of names have different strategies with how to deal with not fitting in the system. Gender# Data collection and storage can go wrong in other ways as well, with incorrect or erroneous options. Here are some screenshots from a thread of people collecting strange gender selection forms:

      I wonder, why does this happen? Is it some kind of attempt at shortcut or automation to make the developing process smoother for the developers, at the cost of how user friendly the interface ends up being? Essentially I feel like these results indicate that developers are using cost-cutting practices to make development finish quicker. This ultimately benefits the large majority of people who fall into easy categories, but is to the detriment of people who are outliers.

    2. Because all data is a simplification of reality, those simplifications work well for some people and some situations but can cause problems for other people and other situations.

      I think the choice of the desired range is essential when we create a dataset. Choosing targeted groups effectively can help us get a clear dataset and complete our tasks with higher efficiency.

    3. Thus, when designers of social media systems make decisions about how data will be saved and what constraints will be put on the data, they are making decisions about who will get a better experience.

      This quote shows that design choices in social media are not neutral—they determine who benefits from the platform. When designers prioritize efficiency or profit over accessibility, marginalized groups often receive a worse experience. This reveals how social media systems frequently lack inclusivity, as their data and design decisions favor certain users while overlooking others.

    4. Thus, when designers of social media systems make decisions about how data will be saved and what constraints will be put on the data, they are making decisions about who will get a better experience. Based on these decisions, some people will fit naturally into the data system, while others will have to put in extra work to make themselves fit, and others will have to modify themselves or misrepresent themselves to fit into the system.

      This idea really resonates because it shows how technology designs force people to fit into boxes. For example, a freelance worker or gig worker using a professional networking site will be constantly prompted to list a single, current "Position" and "Company." This design assumes traditional full-time employment for every user, forcing them to choose one gig from their portfolio. And list themselves in a way that actually not accurately represent their flexible career.

    1. What country are you from? What if you were born in one country, but moved to another shortly after? What if you are from a country that no longer exists like Czechoslovakia? Or from an occupied territory?

      This point I can relate to as well. I personally am a dual citizen and when asked what country I am from I have trouble answering. I was born in Germany, but I only lived there for a year before moving to the United States. So I ask myself, am I German or am I American? I've spent my entire life growing up in the United States and have a US citizenship, which just further convinces me that I am more American than I am German. Despite this, I still think that my German heritage is very strong as I speak, read, and write in German. However this still does not make me think that i am more german than American

    2. 4.2.3. What we lose in simplifying# As you can see in the apple example, any time we turn something into data, we are making a simplification.[1] If we are counting the number of something, like apples, we are deciding that each one is equivalent. If we are writing down what someone said, we are losing their tone of voice, accent, etc. If we are taking a photograph, it is only from one perspective, etc. Different simplifications are useful for different tasks. Any given simplification will be helpful for some tasks and be unhelpful for others. See also, this saying in statistics: All models are wrong, but some are useful [d18]

      When we answer simple questions such as “Where are you from” or “How many people are there in your family” in our daily lives, in fact, complex social identities, cultural backgrounds and statistical standards are often involved. when people ask me where I'm from, I often have to explain whether it's my place of birth, my nationality, or where I've lived for a long time. Data simplification helps us process information quickly, but it can also overlook the unique circumstances of individuals.

    3. What country are you from? What if you were born in one country, but moved to another shortly after? What if you are from a country that no longer exists like Czechoslovakia? Or from an occupied territory?

      These examples of unclear examples are hard to understand and therefore answer. My parents immigrated from China to the US when they were extremely young which makes this question hard to decipher. A better way to ask this is where is your current residence which might still be confusing if you were on vacation but it should make enough sense for people to answer correctly.

    4. How many people live in this house? Does a college student returning home for the summer count as living in that house?

      While I think simplification in some case is not benefiting some individuals, however I do think for the most of time it is benefiting the majority. Simplification benefits efficiency, and most of the time, the answer to the question is very subjective. In the example that's giving here, some people will think that they are count as living in the house and some does not. Unless it is a government website which the truth matter, simplification does increase the efficiency.

    5. The data in question here is over what percentage of Twitter users are spam bots, which Twitter claimed was less than 5%, and Elon Musk claimed is higher than 5%.

      A lot of large accounts on social media are ran by bots, or either human bots, as they have a systematic way of reposting something after a period of time. Often times, popular tweets are retweeted as new in order to farm likes and interactions. With the blue check Elon added allowed revenue to be created through tweets, further incentivizing such practices.

    6. As you can see in the apple example, any time we turn something into data, we are making a simplification.[1] If we are counting the number of something, like apples, we are deciding that each one is equivalent. If we are writing down what someone said, we are losing their tone of voice, accent, etc. If we are taking a photograph, it is only from one perspective, etc.

      I really appreciated how it highlights that any dataset is already a selection — a simplification— and that those choices shape the story the data can tell. And I wonder: in practical terms, how might we audit or compare different simplification choices across platforms to surface which versions produce more (or less) ethical distortions?

    1. Now it’s your turn, choose some data that you might want to store on a social media type, and think through the storage types and constraints you might want to use:

      For relationship status I would make a user choose from a list of options being taken, complicated, single, and single (not seeking). This would include not only people who's relationship status is complicated meaning they are not in a committed relationship but have some kind of relationship that is extra-platonic that they want to inform their followers about. This would also account for folks who either do not desire non-platonic relationships, are in a transitionary period, or for whatever reason do not want to be approached or perceived non platonically. I guess something this system does not account for is polyamorous and or open relationships, as storing data in the list format would be quite limiting because relationships like that are hard to pin down. The list of options would have to be miles long to account for everyone's situations.

    2. Now it’s your turn, choose some data that you might want to store on a social media type, and think through the storage types and constraints you might want to use:

      I think that age would be relatively simple to store. I would constrain it to whole numbers from 1 to 110. I think its fair to put the cutoff at 110, there no-one that is going to be signing up for a social media that is older than 110. Applying this constraint to the response makes it so that there are no false submissions. For something like address the user would be given an open string to type what they want. There could also be the option of typing street address but giving a set of options for country, city, and zip code.

    1. When considering low-income

      This paragraph dicsusses how low income neighboorhoods feel the effects of climate change more than wealthy neighboorhoods. Especially when food shortage is present this can also lead to aggression due to malutrition of important minerals and vitamins

    2. which gives rise to irritability and aggression

      This paragraph talks about how the conditions associated with increased heat are also associated with an increase in crime, such as more peeple beimg outside.

    3. UV tumor formation is linked to higher temperatures. As temperatures rise,specifically in the summer, people tend to go outdoors with not only less clothing but also a lack of sunscreen,increasing UV exposure, and thus increasing

      Relation between heat and rates of skin cancer

    4. studies suggest a direct correlationbetween the heat and homicide rates. As temperatures increase, it is a natural human sensation to becomeaggressive and induce fight-or-flight reactions.

      This means that due to the urban island heat effects those in more densly populated urban areas, which the usually the areas where minorities live are disproportionately effected by these effects

    5. Chicago, the largest city in Illinois, is located in the American Midwest and experiences a wide cycleof seasonal temperatures and precipitation levels. It’s characterized by its extremely cold winters and mostimportantly its wildly hot summers.

      Already known for intense temperature change

    6. This paperexplores the relationship between heat and its impact on various populations with respect to demographics,mainly race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

      Purpose of Paper

    Annotators

    1. The Ladder of Generality in Computing. For some tasks, higher ladder rungs require less programmer effort to get a computer to perform a new task, and more tasks can be performed with a given amount of programmer (or user) effort.

      I have not heard of this before, but I think it's useful in the context of talking about resource intensive generative AI versus other forms of AI which are further down the ladder.

    2. But this comparison does not account for differences in the intensity of adoption (the number of hours of use) or the high cost of buying a PC compared to accessing generative AI.

      Fair. ChatGPT is much cheaper to start using than buying a new computer, and lightweight use isn't really consequential

    3. the impact of AI is materialized not when methods and capabilities improve, but when those improvements are translated into applications and are diffused through productive sectors of the economy.

      This seems to imply that we're not really seeing much revenue yet because it's the applications that realise the value?

    1. Binary consisting of 0s and 1s make it easy to represent true and false values, where 1 often represents true and 0 represents false. Most programming languages have built-in ways of representing True and False values.

      This paragraph introduces the importance of True and False values. It helps us to build a basic understanding of programming. I took a course using R Studio, and I found out that if I made some mistakes in my code, the results will be False.

    1. Can you think of an example of pernicious ignorance in social media interaction? What’s something that we might often prefer to overlook when deciding what is important?

      An example of pernicious ignorance in social media interaction would be the lack of an option to pick pronouns for yourself on websites. For trans people this makes interacting a lot more welcoming as it keeps people from being misgendered.

    2. When we think about how data is used online, the idea of a utility calculus can help remind us to check whether we’ve really got enough data about how all parties might be impacted by some actions. Even if you are not a utilitarian, it is good to remind ourselves to check that we’ve got all the data before doing our calculus. This can be especially important when there is a strong social trend to overlook certain data. Such trends, which philosophers call ‘pernicious ignorance’, enable us to overlook inconvenient bits of data to make our utility calculus easier or more likely to turn out in favor of a preferred course of action.

      People will ignore the feelings of the "photographed" and only consider the interests of the "audience" and "publisher". For instance, when people doing public events, blogger are more concerned about how many likes the photos they send out can get, but they ignore the privacy and consent of the people in the photos.

    3. an you think of an example of pernicious ignorance in social media interaction? What’s something that we might often prefer to overlook when deciding what is important?

      I think when doing data collection or research, it's quite hard to consider everyone's feelings or get full data. Because of that, I think researchers very easily cause bias, since people usually believe what they already think is right. For example, in the Marvel movie Shang-Chi, the writers thought they were showing respect to Chinese culture. But many Chinese audience felt it had a lot of stereotypes. This shows different people can see the same "data" in very different ways. I think research is also like if you only use one point of view, the result may not be correct for other people.

    1. One critique of human-centered design is that it narrowly focuses on people and their needs rather than a systems-level view of the activities that people engage in, and the multiple people and systems involved in those activities.

      I think this critique of human-centered design is very valid. While HCD has helped make products and services more usable, it sometimes treats people as isolated users rather than participants in a much larger ecosystem. However, no design can fully involve 100% of the people, so it’s understandable that designers focus on specific groups or needs. I think the challenge is finding a balance between addressing individual users and considering the broader systems that shape their experiences. This perspective makes me think more critically about how design decisions can unintentionally impact other parts of the system, even when the intention is to help people.

  6. www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
    1. don’t sing benna in Sunday school; you mustn’t speak to wharf-rat boys, not even to give directions; don’t eat fruits on the street—flies will follow you; but I don’t sing benna on Sundays at all and never in Sunday school; this is how to sew on a button; this is how to make a buttonhole for the button you have just sewed on;

      Point of view - a mix of second person yet the girl’s first person memory. The dominant voice is addressing her daughter with “you” statements. The “you” statements are also filtered through the daughter’s perspective as she remembers her mother’s teachings. The mother’s voice is primary, but it’s the girl’s internal experience of these instructions that frames whose point of view it is.

    2. this is how to hem a dress when you see the hem coming down and so to prevent yourself from looking like the slut I know you are so bent on becoming

      Using a second-person perspective, this sentence reminds me of a mother who is teaching their daughter societal standards that encourages sexism with the fact that women can't do what men can do.

    1. Relationalpartners sometimes upset each other, and when not realizing they have done so,MRE increase the degree to which they become upset. In effect, a partner not onlycommitted an offensive behavior but violated the expectation that he=she shouldhave been aware of and sought amends for the offense. This heightened reactionincreases the likelihood that an individual will become combative toward their part-ner and use the silent treatment.

      I am wondering what impact a variable like "time-spent together/time spent knowing each other" might have on MRE.

    1. How is this data a simplification of reality? That is, what does it not capture? Who does it work best for, and who does it not work well for?

      Data doesn’t capture nuance and context. It often chooses the simplest easiest to understand. This can be good but also harmful too. It creates unrealistic standards for many different things.

    1. think critically

      This has already happened (agree). I personally have moderately replaced the use of google by the use of AI as I have found AI to be far more efficient as a search engine. I understand the fundamentals of how an AI search engine works and so I typically will not critically think about the information being received and therefore I forget to question the logic presented. This of course is not good and when done frequently could replace your critical thinking capabilities.

    2. remember routes

      This is certainty an interesting and comparable situation. If I am within my region of the state, I will try to avoid using GPS routes and go off of picture-based memory. But with the distant locations where GPS is needed, I will tend to easily forget the routes I had taken and will need to use GPS on the returning drive. This was a great example to use for how tech can moderately replace our ability to use navigation tactics through memory. Similar to how AI can overtime replace our ability to do once needed day to day tasks.

    1. If we download information about a set of tweets (text, user, time, etc.) to analyze later, we might consider that set of information as the main data, and our metadata might be information about our download process, such as when we collected the tweet information, which search term we used to find it, etc.

      I didn't realize how much information is collected from these apps beyond the basic questions apps ask when you sign up. I think it could be useful in some cases like when you want to document more with less effort. However I also feel like as a result we have way less privacy than many people assume.

    1. w; iarow what effect disfiess produces, even on people moreintelligent than the great body of the labouring classes can possibly be. we know that it makes even wisemen irritable, unreasonable and credulous; eagJr for immediate relief, heedless of remote consequences ["']that it blunts their judgment, that it inflamesiheir passions, t

      He’s using fear to make his points harder to forget

    2. Save the aristocracy, endangered by its ownunpopular power. Save the greatest, and the fairesi and most highly civilised community that ever existedfrom the calamities which riay in a few days sweep away all the rich heritage of so many ages of wisdomand g1ory.

      There’s a clear position of superiority towards the middle class from the writer. He really doesn’t think anything good from them

    1. In most cases, after the initial data representation is created, the computer runs a compression algorithm, which takes the image, sound, or video, and finds a way of storing it in much less computer memory, often losing some of the quality when doing so.

      This is something I kind of want to learn about, and that is how exactly this compression algorithm works to get this kind of output. The ways images are compressed are always very consistent in how they appear, and very consistent in how bad they are, especially how they often create these sort of yellowish/greenish tones where there weren't before, or at least in the same way (see the yellowish area below the lips on this image).

    2. Sounds are represented as the electric current needed to move a speaker’s diaphragm back and forth over time to make the specific sound waves. The electric current is saved as a number, and those electric current numbers are saved at each time point, so the sound information is saved as a list of numbers.

      This explanation of how sound is represented reminds me of my own experience using recording software. Previously, I only knew that recording produced an audio file, without delving into how these “sounds” are actually composed of a series of numbers. Understanding that electrical current variations are converted into a string of digits helps me grasp why sound quality changes with different sampling rates and bit depths. This realization makes me aware that the digitization process behind sound isn't merely technical—it's the foundation of our everyday auditory experience.

    1. Weaving the IndyWeb

      self

      ♖ HyperPost OrigoWeb folder

      getting ready to be ready to launch the IndyWeb

      The Permanent, Evergreen, Co-evolving

      commons based,Peer produced Autonomous, Person-first Virtual Cloud Services

      Control yOur Information flows, Control yOur Destiny

      of Autonomous

      Inter- - Planetary - Personal - Plays

      over the Web

    1. We observed distinct transcriptional con-tributions from solid tissue-specific cell types from the intestine,liver, lungs, pancreas, heart, and kidney (Fig. 1d and Extended DataFig. 4).

      They showed that cfRNA data included transcriptional signatures which did not match type-specific transcriptional signatures from hematopoietic cells but did match signatures from intestine, liver, lungs, pancreas, heart, & kidney cells.

    2. We used this matrix to deconvolve the cell types of origin inthe plasma cell-free transcriptome

      Then, they quantified each marker transcript in the public cfRNA data from healthy patients, and they used them to deconvolve how many of each cell type were present in each sample the cfRNA data.

    3. We used Tabula Sapiens ver-sion 1.0 (TSP)12, a multiple-donor whole-body cell atlas spanning24 tissues and organs, to define a basis matrix whose gene set accu-rately and simultaneously resolved the distinct cell types in TSP.

      Then, they took public scRNA-seq data (Tabula Sapiens) from cells with labeled types and used SVM to identify the smallest setof transcripts in those samples which discriminated cells of each type from each other.

    4. Marker genes for blood, brain, and liver cell types were readilydetected, as previously observed at tissue level 1,3,4,6,7, as well as thekidney, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas (Fig. 1b).

      Basically, they took public cfRNA data from healthy patients and identified transcripts. Then they showed that the transcripts they detected included marker transcripts for certain cell types.

    Annotators

    1. In the weltanschauunga colonized people, there is an impurity or a flaw that

      "Στην κοσμοθεωρία ενός αποικιοκρατούμενου λαού, υπάρχει μια ακαθαρσία ή ένα ελάττωμα που απαγορεύει οποιαδήποτε οντολογική εξήγηση." Το apartheid δεν διακρίνει, εισάγει διακρίσεις. [Derrida.1983. Η τελευταία λέξη του ρατσισμού. (1992, σ.11)]

    2. Their metaphYSiCS, or less pretentiouslytheir customs and the agencies to which they refer, wereabolished because they were in contradiction with a newcivilization that imposed its own.

      Η μεταφυσική των Μαύρων ... τα έθιμά τους καταργήθηκαν επειδή ήταν σε αντίθεση με έναν νέο πολιτισμό που επέβαλε τον δικό του. Ο Derrida σχετικά με την εννοιολόγηση του αρχείου εξηγεί πως «δεν υπάρχει πολιτική εξουσία χωρίς έλεγχο του αρχείου, αν όχι και της μνήμης» (Derrida, 1996:41-42)

    3. Look, a Negro! Maman, a Negro!

      τα αποικιοκρατικά ευρωπαϊκά συστήματα ταξινόμησης και δημιουργίας γνώσης σχηματοποιούν και νοηματοδοτούν ακόμη τις συλλογικές μνήμες λευκών και μαύρων αντίστοιχα βλ. παρακάτω στη σελ. 108 αναφέρεται:But I was haunted by a series of corrosive stereotypes: the Negro's sui generis...& στην σελ.119 : Δεν μπορώ να πάω σινεμά χωρίς να συναντήσω τον εαυτό μου. Περιμένω τον εαυτό μου. Λίγο πριν ξεκινήσει η ταινία, περιμένω τον εαυτό μου. Αυτοί που είναι μπροστά μου με κοιτάζουν, με κατασκοπεύουν, με περιμένουν.

    1. “When I put on Viking clothes, I’m not trying to be someone I’m not, but rather emphasise who I already am.”

      I fully understand what he means. Showing who you are on the inside on the outside. Trying to find the courage to do that myself.

    2. around hundred gallons of tar, linseed oil, and ox blood has been used. The chieftain’s hall is painted green, which was the costliest pigment one could obtain back then”, says the town king Hansen. According to him, there are about 40 Viking reenactment groups in Norway, the active participants numbering somewhere between 2,000 and 4,000. Internationally, there are ten times as many

      That’s amazing! Using the architecture methods of construction from that time period is very cool to me! Tar, linseed oil, and ox blood; i would love to see the buildings in person.

    3. But there is a lot more to the Viking culture than plunder and violence. In the old Viking country on the west coast of Norway, there are people today who live by their forebears’ values, albeit the more positive ones.

      There is more to every culture than just the negative aspects.

    1. In the perverse world of coastal engineering the project is billed as an example of “building with nature,” when in reality it is an essential part of that country’s never-ending war with nature.

      "building"

    1. Kemi Badenoch, leader of Britain’s opposition Conservative Party, wrote on social media that people were “murdered simply for being Jews.” Ms. Badenoch noted that the attack came on a day when Jews “ask themselves — where have we gone wrong in the past, and what do we need to do to be better in the future.”

      antisemitism is nothing new

    1. Senator Patty Murray of Washington, the top Democrat on the chamber’s appropriations panel, faulted the White House for using federal workers as bargaining chips, and questioned the legality of any firings conducted while the government remains closed.“It is unprecedented and irresponsible for the president of the United States to threaten innocent people rather than coming to work with us to negotiate an agreement to get government open,” Ms. Murray said.

      Good for her.

    1. Barcoded nanopore sequencing libraries were created using a custom low-input protocol for theOxford Nanopore Technologies SQK-NBD-114.24 and LSK-114 kits. Briefly, cDNA was end-repaired and A-tailed as specified, but incubated for 30 minutes, followed by a 30-minutedeactivation. Barcodes from the SQK-NBD-114.24 kit were incubated at 20 C for 4.5 hours.

      No UMIs

    2. Novel transcript discovery

      Quote GPT: "Let’s break this down step by step and look carefully at the computational procedure they used, assessing both its strengths and weaknesses.


      What They Did Right

      1. Choice of Reference and Annotation

      2. They used hg38 as the reference genome and the GENCODE v39 comprehensive transcript annotation set.

      3. This is good practice, since hg38 is the current gold-standard reference, and GENCODE is the most complete and high-quality human transcript annotation resource.

      4. Tool for Isoform Discovery (IsoQuant v3.3.1)

      5. IsoQuant is designed for long-read transcriptome analysis and is well-suited to Oxford Nanopore data, which has unique error profiles compared to Illumina.

      6. They set -d nanopore, which ensures that IsoQuant applies the correct error model and alignment heuristics.

      7. Quality Control (SQANTI3)

      8. They validated the assembled transcript models with SQANTI3, which is one of the standard tools for assessing structural and quality metrics of novel isoforms (junction accuracy, coverage, splice motif analysis, etc.).

      9. This helps filter out false positives and adds confidence to reported novel isoforms.

      10. Quantification Strategy

      11. Using --gene quantification all and --transcript quantification all ensures they didn’t limit themselves to annotated transcripts, which is important for discovery.


      Potential Weaknesses / Flaws

      1. Batch Analysis of All FASTQs Together

      2. They ran IsoQuant on all FASTQs in one batch.

      3. This risks pooling artifacts across samples: rare or sample-specific isoforms may look more convincing when aggregated, but they might not be real if not supported in individual samples.
      4. Ideally, one should assemble transcripts per sample first and then merge, to track sample-specific expression and minimize false discoveries.

      5. Strandedness Setting (-stranded none)

      6. For cfRNA, strandedness is often important to distinguish sense from antisense transcription.

      7. By setting it to "none," they lose orientation information, which could inflate the number of apparent novel transcripts or misclassify antisense transcription as novel.

      8. Loose Matching Strategy (-matching_strategy loose)

      9. This increases sensitivity but at the cost of specificity.

      10. Nanopore reads have higher error rates, and loose matching risks aligning spurious sequences as novel isoforms when they might be alignment artifacts.

      11. Novel Transcript Reporting (--report_novel_unspliced true)

      12. Allowing unspliced transcripts to be reported as novel might overcount pre-mRNA fragments or degraded cfRNA, which are abundant in plasma.

      13. Without careful filtering, many of these could be biologically irrelevant.

      14. SQANTI3 with Default Parameters

      15. While SQANTI is robust, running it with defaults only may not be enough. For cfRNA (which is fragmented and low-abundance), more stringent filters (on junction support, read coverage, canonical splice motifs) are usually needed.

      16. Otherwise, false positives could pass QC.

      Overall Reliability

      • Strengths: They used well-regarded tools (IsoQuant + SQANTI), a proper reference (hg38 + GENCODE), and applied the Nanopore-specific model. That’s a solid foundation.
      • Weaknesses: They pooled samples, did not use strandedness, allowed loose matching, and reported unspliced transcripts—all of which tend to inflate the number of “novel” transcripts and may misclassify artifacts as biology. For cfRNA, which is already fragmented and noisy, these issues are magnified.

      Conclusion

      Their method is adequate for generating hypotheses about novel cfRNA transcripts, but the reliability of their discoveries is questionable without stronger filtering and sample-level validation. The key weaknesses (pooling, unstranded analysis, permissive matching, unspliced reporting) suggest their reported “novel transcripts” are likely overestimates.

      If I were evaluating this, I’d say:

      • Good first pass, but high false discovery rate.
      • They should have assembled per-sample, used stranded protocols if possible, tightened alignment criteria, and reported only spliced, reproducible isoforms across samples."
    3. ptimallambda values for the logistic regression model were identified using 5-fold cross validation, andthe value 1 standard error away from the minimum cross-validated value of lambda was selectedfor final model training. The final model was trained utilizing the entire dataset, and furtherfeature reduction was performed using LASSO regression.

      They didn't do any validation or testing on a validation/test set, they just trained, subset features, and reported sens/spec

    Annotators

    1. The speaker slows the paceby first using a two-word command and then aone-word command so that the reader stops in midpoem and takes thewhole first section into consideration

      I appreciate when an author utilizes line breaks to "slow the readers pace" and add interest. I read a lot and so I have gotten used to speed reading. I think it is important to slow down when reading poetry but It has been a learning curve trying to stop my brain from grouping together words as to comprehend them quicker. It is especially helpful when the author forces you to slow down by breaking up words.

    1. imple cloths,” as if themaking of snow by nature is a simple process, one that is able to cover theworld like cloth covers the table

      I think the starting image is particularly interesting because of its variety. The author gives us a visceral, layered, and somewhat disturbing image of moths being burned. This is then matched through metaphor with snow, something that is later described as a "simple." It's interesting to see how the author plays with description pulling you one way and then redirecting you another way.

    1. Intriguingly, a large subset of latents appear to be protein family-specific

      It would be very interesting how this effect scales with model size. I'd be curious to see if particularly the larger ESM models cause more general latents to break down into more family specific groupings. This would mesh with some of the evidence of family specific overfitting that keeps popping up in the larger sized models.

    1. In addition to representing data with different data storage methods, computers can also let you add additional constraints on what can be saved. So, for example, you might limit the length of a tweet to 280 characters, even though the computer can store longer strings.

      The minute I read this sentence, I noticed that these "constraints" are not only (in theory) put in place to help the system work more efficiently; by a barely perceptible process, they mold our forms of expression. Remember how it was when I first used Twitter, and I always felt that 280 characters were too much in express everything clearly - thus got used to cut off the “redundant emotional words” and keep things simple? In a way, this pattern system was training me to “think in data”, where my thoughts could only be expressed within the character limit of what the algorithm would allow. That’s when I realised that data structures are never neutral — they have an enormous effect on how humans communicate. They frequently embody the value perspective of their designers.

    1. mere decoders of information

      I found this somewhat surprising but also understanding. With the modern-day internet, we are given the opportunity to read endless material that would otherwise prior to the internet take weeks to encounter. That being said the amount of resource has turned us into more decoders of information -- when we skim through an article and do not find the exact information that we need we go onto the next article and the cycle repeats -- thus causing us to become more like decoders rather than forming rich connections with the text.

    2. I skim it.

      I can for sure relate and agree to this. I find myself loosing focus almost instantly after reading a few paragraphs of content within a blog post -- so I end up skimming through it as fast as possible -- it helps me to stay focused; however, I miss any real deep analyzation of the text.

    1. Working without a plan may seem scary. But blindly following a planthat has no relationship with reality is even scarier.

      This critique echoes the collapse of “scientific management” illusions that began in the 20th century — from Frederick Taylor’s rigid time–motion systems to the Soviet five-year plans that mistook prediction for control. Both assumed the world could be tamed by spreadsheets. Reality didn’t comply. The most resilient builders, from postwar Japan’s lean factories to modern open-source movements, succeeded not through perfect plans but through constant adaptation — the art of staying awake in chaos.

    2. This real world sounds like an awfully depressing place to live. It's aplace where new ideas, unfamiliar approaches, and foreign concepts alwayslose. The only things that win are what people already know and do, even ifthose things are flawed and inefficient.

      History has shown again and again that the “real world” isn’t all that real — it’s mostly just collective fear dressed up as wisdom.

    1. Les premiers numéros ont principalement proposé un contenu original, entre des intrigues et personnages propriétés de Marvel Comics (Star-Lord, Weirdworld)

      Si Star-Lord est un personnage relativement connu en raison de l'adaptation cinématographique récente des Gardians of the Galaxy, ce n'est pas le cas de Weirdworld. Un peu de contexte pourrait être bénéfique, en indiquant par exemple qu'il s'agit d'une série.

    1. We’ve been preparing this blogpost for quite a while, but for various reasons it was put on the back burner. Now we finally are bringing this back to light. We’ll go over a practical use case of automation of 6WIND configuration with Ansible and NetBox relying NETCONF.

      Testing this functions

  7. pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca
    1. My family have been prominent, well-to-do people in this Middle Western city for three generations. The Carraways are something of a clan, and we have a tradition that we’re descended from the Dukes of Buccleuch, but the actual founder of my line was my grandfather’s brother, who came here in fifty-one, sent a substitute to the Civil War, and started the wholesale hardware business that my father carries on today. I never saw this great-uncle, but I’m supposed to look like him—with special reference to the rather hard-boiled painting that hangs in father’s office. I graduated from New Haven in 1915, just a quarter of a century after my father, and a little later I participated in that delayed Teutonic migration known as the Great War. I enjoyed the counter-raid so thoroughly that I came back restless. Instead of being the warm centre of the world, the Middle West now seemed like the ragged edge of the universe—so I decided to go East and learn the bond business. Everybody I knew was in the bond business, so I supposed it could support one more single man. All my aunts and uncles talked it over as if they were choosing a prep school for me, and finally said, “Why—ye-es,” with very grave, hesitant faces. Father agreed to finance me for a year, and after various delays I came East, permanently, I thought, in the spring of twenty-two.
      • Nick (his family) has been wealthy for 3 generations in Midwest his great uncle started their family wealth) after nick graduated, he decided to move East to study bond business, his family was hesitant at first. Nick end up renting a small house outside the city. (His worn out house cost 80$) New life: old car, Finnish woman working for him that speaks to herself
    1. Total Budget (£)

      Total Budget is £3.5M even if i want to change the amount of budget, as soon as i refresh the page, the amount goes back to £3.5M. we should be able to save the work or different changes we have made. Thanks.

    1. topologies are fractal

      !! That's quite interesting. This allows for a consistent framing of the organizations system regardless of fractal layer. X Stream Aligned team is solving this problem, beneath that, it is solving it by having a couple stream teams, a complicated subsystem team, and an enabling team. Those don't have to be visible on the top layer.