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    1. xkcd comics. The Pace of Modern Life. June 2013. URL: https://xkcd.com/1227/ (visited on 2023-12-10).

      I particularly like this xkcd comic titled "The Pace of Modern Life". It vividly conveys the feeling that our pace of life is getting faster and faster, as if there is never enough time and information comes too fast. After reading it, I couldn't help laughing and felt somewhat empathetic. I realized that my speed of using social media and handling emails is completely unable to keep up with the pace of the world. This comic reminds me that sometimes slowing down and giving oneself some breathing space is more important than constantly chasing after things.

    1. If you could magically change anything about how people behave on social media, what would it be?

      I hope that when people are browsing social media, they can be less impulsive and more thoughtful. For instance, when they come across a very popular piece of news or a comment, they can pause and think: "Is this true? How can I respond more rationally?" In this way, people's communication might be healthier and they won't be easily led by emotions.

    1. exceptions to the rule The ban on using double negatives to convey emphasis does not apply when the second negative appears in a separate phrase or clause, as in I will not surrender, not today, not ever or He does not seek money, no more than he seeks fame. Note that commas must be used to separate the negative phrases in these examples. Thus the sentence He does not seek money no more than he seeks fame is unacceptable, whereas the equivalent sentence with any is perfectly acceptable and requires no comma: He does not seek money any more than he seeks fame.

      Rules and explanations explained with examples to show how the rules work (Mifflin).

    2. In Standard English, it is therefore considered incorrect to say I couldn't hardly do it or The car scarcely needs no oil. These adverbs have a minimizing effect on the verb.

      That's why in written and spoken English you never hear these words, now I know why (Mifflin).

    3. These famous examples of double negatives that reinforce (rather than nullify) a negative meaning show clearly that this construction is alive and well in spoken English

      Meaning to a pervious confusion (Mifflin).

    4. In fact, multiple negatives have been used to convey negative meaning in English since Old English times, and for most of this period, the double negative was wholly acceptable.

      Quotation (Mifflin)

    5. In these expressions the double negative conveys a weaker affirmative than would be conveyed by the positive adjective or adverb by itself.

      What does this mean? (confusing) need clarifying. (Mifflin)

    6. It is a truism of traditional grammar that double negatives combine to form an affirmative

      How many traditional Grammar would double negatives into forming an affirmative together? Why does it do this? (Mifflin)

    1. No matter when you compose the conclusion, it should sum up your main ideas and revisit your thesis.

      Make sure your conclusion matches your main ideas to your project paper

    2. Your writing voice will come across most strongly in your introduction and conclusion, as you work to attract your readers’ interest and establish your thesis.

      explains that a writer’s distinctive voice is most evident in the introduction and conclusion, where they aim to engage readers’ interest and clearly establish their thesis.

    1. Grand Master of Order in New Brunswick, saw as “definite discrimination in favor of one religious denomination in Canada” (Hall Citation1950). To Orangemen, this apparent embrace of Catholicism by the national government of Canada represented both the continued efforts of the Catholic Church to enforce its political will over the nation and a culmination of a century-long challenge to the Protestant traditions of Canada.

      Postwar after decline, conceive of themseves as OPPRESSED population (in NB, minority?) because of federal support for French language rights :

      "Grand Master of Order in New Brunswick, saw as “definite discrimination in favor of one religious denomination in Canada” (Hall Citation1950). To Orangemen, this apparent embrace of Catholicism by the national government of Canada represented both the continued efforts of the Catholic Church to enforce its political will over the nation and a culmination of a century-long challenge to the Protestant traditions of Canada."

      Declined because of negative reputation ASSOCIATED with all this nativism.

    2. Intertwined with its concern over ethnicity and religion, the Orange Order presented an ideal of nationalism that differed from the conceptions being presented by other competing forces in Canada. While other Canadian thinkers of the early-twentieth century began to conceive of the Canadian nation as part of a North American tradition, along with the United States, or as a “northern nation” that, through the crucible of Arctic winters, broke with both the United States and Europe, the Orange Order celebrated Canada’s past and highlighted the accomplishments of the British in North America. As the Order saw it, the devotion of the Loyalists and the rise of an Anglophone hegemony in North America were foundational to Canada’s existence, and both owed their authority to British identity. Indeed, as Scott See points out with regard to the Orange Order’s Loyalism of the nineteenth century, The Orange Order served as a form of connective tissue to link the Old World with the New. It was a complex blend of full-throated dedication to the Empire and unswerving support for Britain’s imperial endeavors, as well as an indigenous pronouncement of colonial identity in North America that applauded the British connection, yet strove to articulate a distinct identity of Britishness. (See Citation2014, 182)

      "Intertwined with its concern over ethnicity and religion, the Orange Order presented an ideal of nationalism that differed from the conceptions being presented by other competing forces in Canada. While other Canadian thinkers of the early-twentieth century began to conceive of the Canadian nation as part of a North American tradition, along with the United States, or as a “northern nation” that, through the crucible of Arctic winters, broke with both the United States and Europe, the Orange Order celebrated Canada’s past and highlighted the accomplishments of the British in North America. As the Order saw it, the devotion of the Loyalists and the rise of an Anglophone hegemony in North America were foundational to Canada’s existence, and both owed their authority to British identity. Indeed, as Scott See points out with regard to the Orange Order’s Loyalism of the nineteenth century,

      The Orange Order served as a form of connective tissue to link the Old World with the New. It was a complex blend of full-throated dedication to the Empire and unswerving support for Britain’s imperial endeavors, as well as an indigenous pronouncement of colonial identity in North America that applauded the British connection, yet strove to articulate a distinct identity of Britishness. (See Citation2014, 182)"

      SPECIFIC BRITISH IDENTITY -> EMPHASIZES THIS AS OPPOSED TO NORTH AMERICAN IDENTITY CURRENTS LIKE AMERICANISM

      Flag is connection between Canadians and the British Empire. Again, empty identity though. " “the Flag of our Empire, upon which the sun never sets is the outward and visible emblem of our loyalty to the great British Commonwealth, of which Canada is an integral part” (“Forms” Citation1937). This strain of thought resembled the ideas of imperialists like Stephen Leacock, who before World War I had advocated for greater Canadian participation in British imperial ventures as a means of sharing in the military victories won overseas and the spread of Anglo-Saxon civilization."

    3. Almost a decade later, a circular published by a Loyal Orange Lodge in Moncton questioned “whether the Protestants of these Maritime Provinces realize the significance of the changes being brought about, racially, religiously, and politically” as a result of the growing Acadian population’s presence in New Brunswick society. Of particular concern to the Orange Order was the “illiteracy” of the Acadian population; as the circular claimed, “do you know that at the last census taken in 1931 we had in New Brunswick 134,499 French Roman Catholics, and that out of this total, 33,804 speak FRENCH ONLY?”

      AND YET does note circular in which term "racially" is used to distinguish French from English -> does NOT comment on the use of this term

      "Almost a decade later, a circular published by a Loyal Orange Lodge in Moncton questioned “whether the Protestants of these Maritime Provinces realize the significance of the changes being brought about, racially, religiously, and politically” as a result of the growing Acadian population’s presence in New Brunswick society. Of particular concern to the Orange Order was the “illiteracy” of the Acadian population; as the circular claimed, “do you know that at the last census taken in 1931 we had in New Brunswick 134,499 French Roman Catholics, and that out of this total, 33,804 speak FRENCH ONLY?” Again only threat to "Protestant identity in the province." More concerned w/ religio-language divide.

    4. This loss of political control fed into the long-standing conspiracy held by Orangemen and other nativists that the Catholic Church sought to undermine the democratic authority of the British community through its own institutions, such as local school boards and the politics of the province. To this end, the lodge vowed that “we will oppose … with every organized legitimate means in Our Power … if the Board of Education persists in forming the regulations unto our school system without the sanction of the People” (Loyal Orange Lodge No. 162, Citation1929).

      I guess he's framing this as a kind of CIVI nationalism rooted in Protestant ideals of individual liberty, monarchal loyalism, and anti-authoritarianism. And yet idk, nebver considers the ethnic elements. "This loss of political control fed into the long-standing conspiracy held by Orangemen and other nativists that the Catholic Church sought to undermine the democratic authority of the British community through its own institutions, such as local school boards and the politics of the province. To this end, the lodge vowed that “we will oppose … with every organized legitimate means in Our Power … if the Board of Education persists in forming the regulations unto our school system without the sanction of the People” (Loyal Orange Lodge No. 162, Citation1929)."

    5. The Orange Order’s interest in marriage law was shared by the New Brunswick Ku Klux Klan, which in 1930 attacked Catholic opposition to a proposed divorce law in Ontario as an example of the Church’s attempts to control the lives of Canadians. Both organizations, and as political scientist Corey Robin points out, conservative movements more generally had long supported a strong interest in personal relations as a reflection of civil society. As Robin states, “when the conservative looks upon a democratic movement from below, this (and the exercise of agency) is what he sees: a terrible disturbance in the private life of power … it is his apprehension of the private grievance behind the public commotion that lends his theory its tactile ingenuity and moral ferocity” (Rob

      LOL and KKK both dislike Church for banning intermarriage ->need dispensation in order to do so -> cite as "backwards" evidence , etc.

      "The Orange Order’s interest in marriage law was shared by the New Brunswick Ku Klux Klan, which in 1930 attacked Catholic opposition to a proposed divorce law in Ontario as an example of the Church’s attempts to control the lives of Canadians. Both organizations, and as political scientist Corey Robin points out, conservative movements more generally had long supported a strong interest in personal relations as a reflection of civil society. As Robin states, “when the conservative looks upon a democratic movement from below, this (and the exercise of agency) is what he sees: a terrible disturbance in the private life of power … it is his apprehension of the private grievance behind the public commotion that lends his theory its tactile ingenuity and moral ferocity” (Rob"

      Was seen as attempt to control the PROTESTANT CIVIL IDENTITY of Canada (by Church)

      "The Catholic Church’s effort to intervene in the Tremblay marriage was interpreted as an effort to supplant the traditional Protestant civil identity of Canada."

      Likewise, Catholic schooling / organization was seen as SUBVERSION OF and threat to "Protestant" (again, unspecififed) status quo

    6. To this end, the Order made the Catholic Church’s supposed conspiratorial actions a key part of its recruitment messaging. An Orange pamphlet entitled “Are You An Orangeman? If Not, Why Not?” suggested a series of questions to potential members, some of which ranged from “are not the aims and objects of the Church of Rome the same now as they were a century or two ago?”

      More sources / evidence for conspiracy / nativism hypothesis :

      " To this end, the Order made the Catholic Church’s supposed conspiratorial actions a key part of its recruitment messaging. An Orange pamphlet entitled “Are You An Orangeman? If Not, Why Not?” suggested a series of questions to potential members, some of which ranged from “are not the aims and objects of the Church of Rome the same now as they were a century or two ago?” "

    7. rote to a fellow Orangemen during his first campaign for the federal House of Commons in 1921. He complained that “I am being made a target by the Seinn Feiners [sic] element here because of my connection with the Lindsay Crawford matter [an Irish-Canadian advocate for Irish independence], for which I am blamed as the leading spirit by that element.” Hanson further claimed that “there is a good deal of ugly talk among the Seinn Feiners here. They will, I know, vote against me to a man” (Hanson Citation1921).Footnote2 To counter this conspiratorial element, Hanson hoped the Orange Order might protect his electoral chances. His correspondent, H.C. Hockin, expressed his belief that “it would be quite improper for [the Grand Organizer of the Province] to canvas for you or make political addresses on your behalf.” At the same time, he also supported Hanson’s claims, stating that “the administration has the solid and active hostility and opposition of the Sein Fein element in the country” and that “I cannot understand any Orangeman voting against [the] present Government” (Hockin Citation1921

      Notably, however, mixes sectarianism with ULSTER SPECIFIC sectarianism -> quotes from Hanson's railing against "Seinn Feiners" in NB -> is this not an importation of the Ulster-specific conflict, as opposed to general prot-cat confluict or anti-catholicism?

      "rote to a fellow Orangemen during his first campaign for the federal House of Commons in 1921. He complained that “I am being made a target by the Seinn Feiners [sic] element here because of my connection with the Lindsay Crawford matter [an Irish-Canadian advocate for Irish independence], for which I am blamed as the leading spirit by that element.” Hanson further claimed that “there is a good deal of ugly talk among the Seinn Feiners here. They will, I know, vote against me to a man” (Hanson Citation1921).Footnote2 To counter this conspiratorial element, Hanson hoped the Orange Order might protect his electoral chances. His correspondent, H.C. Hockin, expressed his belief that “it would be quite improper for [the Grand Organizer of the Province] to canvas for you or make political addresses on your behalf.” At the same time, he also supported Hanson’s claims, stating that “the administration has the solid and active hostility and opposition of the Sein Fein element in the country” and that “I cannot understand any Orangeman voting against [the] present Government” (Hockin Citation1921"

    8. By the 1920s and 1930s, the Orange Order was well established in New Brunswick. During the 1920s, there were 169 lodges throughout the province, mostly distributed in the south and west, with a number along the Maine–New Brunswick border (Thorpe and Enman Citation1997, 9; Houston and Smyth Citation1980, 70). Orangemen looked on with worry at demographic and economic shifts in the province, which it viewed as evidence of growing Catholic influence across New Brunswick and indeed across the country. Its conspiratorial vision of the Catholic Church’s efforts to enforce its own hegemony over Canada extended from the purely political to the social and civil fabric of New Brunswick. The school system was a particular source of fear, as efforts to expand bilingual education and the funding of separate schools for Catholic parishes were presented as tentacles of the Catholic machine, meant to undermine Protestant and Anglophone hegemony and enshrine the Church’s control of the province. The Orange Order’s efforts to enforce its particular form of nationalism, which emphasized loyalty to the Crown and the firm maintenance of Protestantism and the English language in the province, were closely related to its fear of losing New Brunswick’s British identity.

      POLITICAL / IDEOLOGICAL foundations of Orangeism manifest in the social / economic activities and interests of LOL:

      "By the 1920s and 1930s, the Orange Order was well established in New Brunswick. During the 1920s, there were 169 lodges throughout the province, mostly distributed in the south and west, with a number along the Maine–New Brunswick border (Thorpe and Enman Citation1997, 9; Houston and Smyth Citation1980, 70). Orangemen looked on with worry at demographic and economic shifts in the province, which it viewed as evidence of growing Catholic influence across New Brunswick and indeed across the country. Its conspiratorial vision of the Catholic Church’s efforts to enforce its own hegemony over Canada extended from the purely political to the social and civil fabric of New Brunswick. The school system was a particular source of fear, as efforts to expand bilingual education and the funding of separate schools for Catholic parishes were presented as tentacles of the Catholic machine, meant to undermine Protestant and Anglophone hegemony and enshrine the Church’s control of the province. The Orange Order’s efforts to enforce its particular form of nationalism, which emphasized loyalty to the Crown and the firm maintenance of Protestantism and the English language in the province, were closely related to its fear of losing New Brunswick’s British identity."

      Particularly for schooling -> In doing all this, are exercising a MAINTENANCE OF British identity (again, not talking about how that identity may be constructed, imported, etc.)

    9. As Irish Catholics fled the horrors of the Potato Famine, New Brunswick became a destination for refugees with severe consequences for the demographic balance of the province. Orangemen in New Brunswick reacted to the massive influx of Irish Catholics during the 1840s with violence.

      "As Irish Catholics fled the horrors of the Potato Famine, New Brunswick became a destination for refugees with severe consequences for the demographic balance of the province. Orangemen in New Brunswick reacted to the massive influx of Irish Catholics during the 1840s with violence."

      • Famine is catalyst for violence in NB in 1840s -> balance tips in favour of Cats -> so main reason for formation and opposition is opposition to Catholicism
    10. ounded by Americans fleeing the new United States for the British Empire, See argues that “Loyalist fervor provided the guiding ethos for the British colony of New Brunswick,” a key ideological source for the Orange Order’s longevity in the province (See Citation1993, 14).

      Notes that NB FOUNDED BY EMPIRE LOYALISTS fleeing the US Rev: - "ounded by Americans fleeing the new United States for the British Empire, See argues that “Loyalist fervor provided the guiding ethos for the British colony of New Brunswick,” a key ideological source for the Orange Order’s longevity in the province (See Citation1993, 14). "

      Therefore Loyalism / Protestantism INHERENT to the region -> again doesn't mention the ethnic divide

      (Spitting -> could be like " main divide in scholarship is over whether or not it is an ethnic imposition / ethnically specific -> in either case, evideence that it is COLONIAL for both of them).

    11. As a colonial organization, See argues that “rather than borrowing only Irish and English political concerns, the Canadian Orangemen charted a course that addressed local issues and attempted to solve indigenous problems,” particularly in the wake of Irish−Catholic and French−Canadian migration into English Canada (See Citation1993, 75). The Orange Order thus established itself in Canada as a “bulwark of colonial Protestantism,” in the words of Smyth and Houston, a force for the maintenance of a British identity in the face of a significant French Catholic population. The Order opposed the extension of French culture into Ontario, particularly with regard to the use of the French language in schools, and insisted that “the movement of French colonists into Ontario had been a ‘popish plot’” (Houston and Smyth Citation1980, 3, 47).

      Again, "specific COLONIAL context" but mirrors almost exactly the context of NI -> fight against French Catholicism. Says it is concerned w/ local issues but this is the same issue , just w/ added ethni-linguiustic edge.

      Anyway, "Bulwarck of colonial Protestantism"

      "As a colonial organization, See argues that “rather than borrowing only Irish and English political concerns, the Canadian Orangemen charted a course that addressed local issues and attempted to solve indigenous problems,” particularly in the wake of Irish−Catholic and French−Canadian migration into English Canada (See Citation1993, 75). The Orange Order thus established itself in Canada as a “bulwark of colonial Protestantism,” in the words of Smyth and Houston, a force for the maintenance of a British identity in the face of a significant French Catholic population. The Order opposed the extension of French culture into Ontario, particularly with regard to the use of the French language in schools, and insisted that “the movement of French colonists into Ontario had been a ‘popish plot’” (Houston and Smyth Citation1980, 3, 47)."

    12. Scott See’s work on collective violence and the nineteenth-century Orange movement in New Brunswick presents the organization as explicitly nativist and aggressive in its attacks on the perceived threat of Catholicism to New Brunswick society. See also argues that the Orange Order was altered by its colonial status and its new context in North America. As See claims, in Canada, the Orange lodges “evolved into a distinctive Canadian organization … concentrating their energies on the tenets of Protestantism and loyalty to the Crown,” which appealed to the large number of American émigrés who fled the republicanism of the United States as well as to British migrants who arrived throughout the nineteenth century.

      Borrows from See's work on OO in 19th century NB (Not a Catholic Nation?) - WAS BRITISH but then evolved into "distinctly Canadian" instiutution by its "colonial status and its new context in North America" -> but isn't Ulster ALSO a colonial status / settler society? Anyway, EMBRACED BY BRITISH settlers -> again uses a seemingly universal definition of British.

    13. As a nationalistic and imperially minded Protestant organization in the heart of the British Empire, the Orange Order was well situated to expand its footprint to the new colonial settlements emerging across the globe. Canada was chief among them.

      Strangely DOESN'T see it as an ethnic export -> YES is Nativist -> but in sense that all British settlers (no matter where / under what circumstances) are Nativist.

      "As a nationalistic and imperially minded Protestant organization in the heart of the British Empire, the Orange Order was well situated to expand its footprint to the new colonial settlements emerging across the globe. Canada was chief among them."

      Ie, DOESN'T mention Ulster at all pretty much / specificity of ethnic lobby. (What does Kauffman say about settlement in NB? Was that mostly Ulster or other Prots?)

    14. In Ireland, Smyth and Cecil Houston claim that the Order came to be seen as a group for the “industrial and commercial class … in Ulster which saw its interests as being intimately linked with those of Britain,” presenting a force against Irish home rule and Catholic ascendency on the island more generally (Houston and Smyth Citation1980, 10–13).

      SASH. I will steal this, thank you: " In Ireland, Smyth and Cecil Houston claim that the Order came to be seen as a group for the “industrial and commercial class … in Ulster which saw its interests as being intimately linked with those of Britain,” presenting a force against Irish home rule and Catholic ascendency on the island more generally (Houston and Smyth Citation1980, 10–13)."

    15. The Orange Order emerged in Ireland as England engaged in colonial expansion during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. As a religiously varied island, traditionally Catholic with a significant settler colonial population drawn from British Protestants, Ireland was the site of searing tensions

      Identifies Order's origins AS COLONIAL (ie out of "settlers" in Northern Ireland)

    16. virulently attacked Catholic and Francophone rights and privileges in society. The New Brunswick branch of the Orange Order was particularly engaged in political and social anti-Catholicism throughout its long history. With the rise of the New Brunswick Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s, the Orange Order found an ally, drawn in some cases from its own membership, in its war against the rising tide of Catholicism in the province. Though often presented as a nineteenth-century phenomenon rooted in the religious conflict of the era, the Orange Order served as a powerful force for nativism throughout the twentieth century. While the Klan movement faded away on both sides of the border by the 1930s, the Orange Order pursued its “Protestant Crusade” against the Catholic community for decades after.

      "virulently attacked Catholic and Francophone rights and privileges in society. The New Brunswick branch of the Orange Order was particularly engaged in political and social anti-Catholicism throughout its long history. With the rise of the New Brunswick Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s, the Orange Order found an ally, drawn in some cases from its own membership, in its war against the rising tide of Catholicism in the province. Though often presented as a nineteenth-century phenomenon rooted in the religious conflict of the era, the Orange Order served as a powerful force for nativism throughout the twentieth century. While the Klan movement faded away on both sides of the border by the 1930s, the Orange Order pursued its “Protestant Crusade” against the Catholic community for decades after."

      Basically, sums it up as NATIVIST organization primarily -> aim is first and foremost nativism / Protestant supremacy -> notion TIED UP IN British / Protestant hegemony. - Again cites links to Klan in New Brunswick -> continued on "decades after" in railing against Catholicism. Did have social policies but again was most concerned with its crusade (does this allows us to understand its expansion?)

    1. Although the peasant and city workers' revolts were mostly unsuccessful, changing economic conditions and the increased value of scarcer labor gradually improved the lot of the poor in European society.

      It’s interesting how even though most peasant and city worker revolts didn’t work out, things still slowly got better for them. As the economy changed and workers became harder to replace, labor became more valuable, and that helped improve life for the poor over time.

    2. During most of this period, despite the occasional famine, Europe had more people than were strictly necessary to work the land, and feudal lords could easily replace runaways or rebellious peasants.

      It’s interesting how, for most of this time, Europe actually had more people than it needed to work the land. Even though famines happened sometimes, there were still enough peasants that lords could easily replace anyone who ran away or caused trouble.

    3. The Mongol Empire and the Pax Mongolica created a stable environment for long-distance trade and the Silk Road across Central Asia thrived.

      It’s really cool how the Mongol Empire brought so much stability across Asia. Because of the Pax Mongolica, long-distance trade became a lot safer, and the Silk Road actually thrived during this time. It’s wild how an empire could make such a huge impact on global trade!

    1. The number of deaths in Europe may have been higher because in the generation before the Plague's arrival, a climate change known as the Little Ice Age had caused crop failures and famine that had already reduced the rural population by up to 20% and had left the survivors malnourished and stressed

      It makes sense why the death toll in Europe was so high during the Plague. Right before it hit, the Little Ice Age caused crop failures and famine, which had already wiped out up to 20% of the rural population. The people who survived were weak, stressed, and malnourished, so they were way more vulnerable when the disease arrived.

    1. As a result of my experiences with working in different labs and professors, my research interests are much defined. More specifically, my interests center on the role of self-regulation and motivation in various aspects of college student academic achievement and retention. However, my research interests have expanded as I explored new ideas as a graduate student. Because of a study abroad experience to Greece during this past summer, I am now interested in examining the different patterns of self-regulation and motivation of students across different cultures. Additionally, I have a strong interest in learning about different statistical and methodological approaches to analyzing the relationship between self-regulation, motivation, and achievement. I know that as I continue to grow academically and expose myself to different, more specific areas of educational psychology, my research interests will also continue to grow and evolve alongside it.

      Defined interests, specifically.... Interest in learning about. . . Sure will grow as I expand. . .

    2. The skills that I have gained throughout my undergraduate and graduate career has prepared me for Ph.D. level training. Given that I have successfully completed a thesis, I understand the process of research and how to effectively carry it out. Additionally, since I have presented research at six national and local conferences and am in the process of publishing multiple journal articles, I have developed strong writing and data analysis skills. My background in research has also familiarized me with SPSS, statistical knowledge, research methodology, and APA style writing. With my experience in the research setting, I have also developed strong communication skills. I understand that in order to produce high quality research, effective communication skills and the ability to collaborate with others is vital. My knowledge and strong background in research will undoubtedly equip me with the necessary tools to excel as a Ph.D. student

      Prepared for phd research because of thesis, presentations, and a familiraiaty with tools, and communication skills

    1. is a fundamental and familiar part of our moral practices and our interpersonal relationships.

      Familiar? So the person writing this things it is common for people to reason morally in social practices of their relationships?

    1. Drawing upon anti-intellectualism and a sense of urgency, often largely created by the populist themselves, he will argue that the situation (“crisis”) requires “bold action” and “common sense solutions.”

      where does truth lie in this?

  3. pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca
    1. , the elite are defined on the basis of power, i.e., they include most people who hold leading positions within politics, the economy, the media, and the arts. However, this obviously excludes the populists themselves, as well as those within these sectors that are sympathetic to the populists.

      contradicting themselves -- painting them as working for the people even though they are what they would call others 'the elite' façade???

    2. This means that the thin-centered nature of populism allows it to be malleable enough to adopt distinctive shapes at different times and places

      this is literally the wizard of Oz-- think the emerald city not actually being green and Oz appearing in different forms for each of the heroes

  4. www.northsouthnotes.org www.northsouthnotes.org
    1. The archives of the Securitate, opened after being vetted by SRI in the mid-2000s, have become a national fixation. Rather than providing transparency, the opening of the archive created what I call a “cult for the occult” – a passion for revealing that which has been hidden about others; searching through files for evidence of collaboration; using the archive as a weapon in political and personal disputes; and trading secrets from the archive for money. More troublesome, the contents of the archive are unreliable.

      Not an uncommon problem

    1. At the altitudes of the upper atmosphere, the air is so rarefied (thin) that collisions between molecules become less common and it no longer behaves like a familiar gas. In fact, it becomes difficult to assign a single temperature to the atmosphere, and different gas species separate out and must be treated independently. Although there is no distinct border, one definition chooses a boundary of 100 km altitude as the line between the atmosphere and ‘outer space’. This is known as the Kármán Line, proposed by the Hungarian-American engineer and physicist Theodore von Kármán in the 1950s. At around this altitude (the 100 km definition provides a round, practical value), aerodynamic flight becomes impractical because the air is so thin that an aircraft would need to travel faster than orbital velocity to generate enough aerodynamic lift from the atmosphere to support itself. The upper atmosphere is only mentioned briefly here for context. This module will focus principally on the troposphere and stratosphere.

      Upper atltitude is so thin gases behave oddly, molecules are so seperate there's no collisions and its hard to define temps. The airs so thin areodynamic travel is useless

    2. The term ‘troposphere’ is derived from the Greek work tropos, meaning ‘turn’ or ‘churn’, and this is the layer in which the greatest amount of churning or mixing of air occurs. Vertical churning is a crucial driver for weather systems, and the troposphere is where the weather action mostly occurs. It contains 80% of the mass of the atmosphere and virtually all of the clouds and moisture in the atmosphere. The warming in the stratosphere is caused by internal heating of the stratosphere where a layer of ozone absorbs incoming solar ultraviolet radiation. The stratosphere is so named because it is a very stable, or stratified, region with little convection. We will go into more detail on the processes in the troposphere and stratosphere in later sections.

      The troposphere is where most of hte mixing occurs, 80% of the atmosphere mass is here and most of hte clouds and moisture The warming of the stratsophere is caused by internal heating where ozone absorbs solar UV - the strat is very sable with little convection

    3. It is evident that there is more structure to the atmospheric temperature profile than the pressure profile, and from this structure we can distinguish regions, or layers, of the atmosphere, which are indicated in Figure 2.1.8. Note that these heights are approximate and based on this average global profile; they will differ for specific profiles at a given place or time. The troposphere is known as the lower atmosphere and the stratosphere and mesosphere can be referred to together as the middle atmosphere. The upper atmosphere expanse above the mesopause is called the thermosphere, where temperature increases again (not shown in this figure).

      Temp increases and decreases in height The toroposphere is the lower atmoshere and it decreases The Middle atmosphere with stratosphere and mesosphere it increases then decreases Then in the upper atmosphere, the thermosphere it increases again

    4. If the relationship between pressure and altitude were exactly exponential, this plot would be a straight line. It is not quite straight because the temperature of the atmosphere also comes into play, and temperature is also not constant with height. Pressure decreases with altitude less quickly where the atmosphere is warmer because the density is lower, and more quickly where the temperature is lower. However, these variations are not huge because the temperature range (in kelvin) is not large – about 213–288 K over the troposphere, for example – compared to pressure changes that span many orders of magnitude. We will look at temperature changes with altitude next.

      pressure and altitude aren't exactly exponential because temperature has na impact Pressure decreases when the atmosphere is warmer as the density is lower, and increases when the temperature is lower as the density is higher These variations aren't huge because the temp range in kelvin is small, about 213-288K over the troposphere

    5. The fundamental variables that can be measured in the atmosphere are often pressure and temperature, and height itself is derived from the pressure and temperature structure. In fact, meteorologists often plot the height of a given pressure surface as a dependent variable because it is related to the mean atmospheric temperature below that pressure level.

      To get height of the atmosphere you take measurements from pressure and temperature structure

    6. As discussed in the previous section, atmospheric pressure is high near the Earth’s surface and decreases with altitude. Figure 2.1.6 illustrates the way atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. The figure shows a global mean pressure profile, meaning it is an average over location and time of atmospheric pressure against height above sea level. It is based on climatological data for the lowest 50 km of the atmosphere.

      Pressure is high and the surface and decreases with altitude

    7. The weather was likely to be calm and warm. High-pressure zones are due to descending air, which suppresses weather development and often leads to calm, clear and sunny conditions.

      high pressure means clear, calm, sunny conditions low pressure means storms and rain

    8. Defining the precise extent of the atmosphere is difficult, but we can also consider altitude in terms of pressure. If the pressure at the surface is 1000 hPa, then exactly half the mass of the atmosphere will be below the altitude where the pressure is 500 hPa, and half will be above that point. However, atmospheric pressure at the surface is not constant in space or time, so the height at which this half-mass point occurs is not constant. This close connection between mass and pressure is just one reason pressure as a physical variable is important, and why many atmospheric phenomena are discussed in relation to pressure rather than height.

      If the pressure at the surface is 1000, then half the mass will be below the altitude where the pressure is 500,but the height of that is not constant

    9. Atmospheric pressure at a given altitude is the weight of all the air above that point, and is one of the most fundamental atmospheric properties. Pressure is defined as force per area, and the pressure of a gas is simply a force per unit area, exerted in all directions, resulting from collisions with the moving gas molecules.

      Atmosphere pressure it the weight of all the air above that point Pressure is force per area, Pressure of gas is a force per unit area, resulting from collisions with moving gas molecules

    10. The atmosphere thins rapidly with altitude, and we can use the resulting change in atmospheric pressure to determine the vertical extent of the atmosphere.

      atmosphere thins with altitude and we can use this pressure to determine vertical extent

  5. freshontable.popcomms.app freshontable.popcomms.app
    1. hat reduction involves donating electrons in chemical reactions, and oxidation involves accepting electrons. Reducing gases are hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases, such as methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Oxidising gases include oxygen, ozone (O3) and other oxygen-containing gases. Essentially, this has meant going from an atmosphere free of oxygen to the current level of 21%. Consequently, we can infer what past atmospheres were like, as these changes have been recorded in rocks and sediments through chemical reactions between the atmosphere and the Earth’s crust, and biological processes associated with life. These stratigraphic records (layers in the Earth’s crust) have led to the division of geological time into four eons, each lasting hundreds of millions to billions of years: the Hadean Eon (4.6‍–‍4.0 billion years ago, bya), the Archean Eon (4.0‍–‍2.5 bya), the Proterozoic Eon (2.5 bya‍–‍540 million years ago, mya) and the Phanerozoic Eon (540 mya–now).

      Reduction is donating electrons Oxidation is accepting electrons Reducing gases are hydrogen or contain hydrogen (methane, ammonia) Oxidising gases include oxygen We can see past atmospheres through records in rocks and seidements this has led to division of geological time into four eons: Haden 4.6-4 billion, Archea 4-2.5, Proterozic 2.5-540 and Phanerozoic

    2. Earth’s atmosphere has gone through some substantial changes since the formation of the planet 4.6 billion years ago, and the current atmosphere reflects the dynamic and complex evolution of the Earth system through geological time. These changes have both influenced and been shaped by the environmental conditions on Earth and the development of life. The change in the atmosphere over geological time has broadly involved a transition from a reducing atmosphere to an oxidising one.

      Change in atmosphere over geological time has been a transition from a reducing atmosphere to an oxidising one

    3. The values in Table 2.1.1 represent average values for the lower atmosphere, but the exact proportion of each gas can vary with location, both horizontally (latitude and longitude) and vertically (altitude), and with time between seasons. As you can see, the amount of water vapour in the air is very variable, so scientists usually deal with this constituent separately and refer to the other constituents as dry air. In the lower atmosphere, the three ‘essentially constant’ gases listed in Table 2.1.1 are well mixed by the winds and the churning of the atmosphere, and composition does not vary much from place to place. Higher layers of the atmosphere have similar proportions of the two main gases, oxygen and nitrogen, but they can have quite different proportions of the trace gases. A well-known example of a gas found in variable concentration in different parts of the atmosphere is ozone. Its mixing ratio is greatest in the stratosphere, and the amount of stratospheric ozone varies strongly because of chemical reactions in the atmosphere. This will be discussed further in Part 4 of this block.

      the proportion of gas varies by location, horizontally (long lat) and vertically (alt) and between seasons Water vapor is very variable and its normally dealt with separation - other gases are classed as dry air three constant gases are mixed by winds and composition doesn't change much higher layers have similar portions of oxygen and nitrogen but different % of trace gases

    4. This mixing ratio definition is based on the number of molecules and not their proportion by mass, which is called the mass mixing ratio. The mass mixing ratio is different from the volumetric mixing ratio because the molecules each have a different mass.

      This is the number of molecules which is different from the mass

    5. The mixing ratio of a gas is the number of molecules (or atoms of monatomic species, such as argon) of that gas divided by the total number of molecules of all gases present in a given volume. For trace gases, these are given as either parts per million (ppm; 1 ppm is a mixing ratio of 10 super negative six ), parts per billion (ppb; 1 ppb is a mixing ratio of 10 super negative nine ) or parts per trillion (ppt; 1 ppt is a mixing ratio of 10 super negative 12 ) as this is a more convenient way of expressing small mixing ratios. Note that, as a volume mixing ratio, the units are expressed as ppmv, ppbv and pptv, but these are also frequently shortened to ppm, ppb and ppt respectively. Although they have small mixing ratios, many trace gases play a vital role in atmospheric processes, as you will see later in this block.

      Mixing ratio is the number of molecules/total number in a given volume Trace gases are given parts per million/billion/trillion Although small they play important role in atmospheric processes.

    6. Table 2.1.1 lists the mixing ratios of some of the gases in air in the lower part of the atmosphere, including the most common gases and some trace gases you will encounter in this block. A trace gas is one that makes up only a small proportion of a sample of air, and tends to be more variable in its mixing ratio.

      Trace gas make up a small % of the atmosphere and tends to be more variable in its mixing ratio

    7. Many forms of life on Earth (all multicellular organisms and most single-celled ones) can use oxygen because they are able to break the oxygen-to-oxygen bond in the O2 molecule. In contrast, only a very few species can cleave the strong bond that binds the N atoms in the N2 molecule (e.g. certain specialised bacteria which can use atmospheric nitrogen in protein synthesis). Figure 2.1.2 is interactive and allows you to compare the basic molecular structure of O2 (a) and N2 (b).

      All multicelluar and most single celled life forms can break down the OtoO bond and can use oxygen, but they can;t do that to the N.

    8. The gas we call air is a mixture of many individual gases, but it is predominantly nitrogen with oxygen. Nitrogen makes up a little over 78% of the atmosphere (Table 2.1.1) and is in the form of nitrogen molecules – that is, a pair of nitrogen (N) atoms strongly bonded together. Atomic N has three unpaired electrons and is very reactive, hence the gas usually forms the triple-bonded molecular dinitrogen, or N2. Oxygen, which makes up 21% of the atmosphere, is composed of O2 molecules, in which two oxygen (O) atoms are bonded together, but with a double bond that is not as strong as the bond connecting the N atoms in N2 molecules.

      Nitrogen makes us 78% of air, in the form of nitrogen molecules - a pair of N strongly bonded Atomic N has 3 unpaired electrons and is very reactive, so it normally forms triple bonded moleculer dinitrogen, or N2

      Oxygen makes us 21%, composed of O2 molecules, two atoms that are bonded, less strongly than nitrogen

    9. The atmosphere is supplied with gases and small particles (known as aerosols when suspended in a gas) from the interior of the planet by volcanic eruptions, which modify the climate and the surface temperature of the Earth. This natural ‘greenhouse effect’ traps thermal radiation emitted by the Earth and keeps the planet’s surface about 35 °C warmer than it would otherwise be. Importantly, this allows much of the Earth’s water to remain as a liquid, rather than freeze, which is essential for sustaining life.

      Volcanic eruptions supplies gases and small particles (aersols) which change the surface temp of earth - this traps terhmal radiation emitted by earth and keeps it 35 degrees warmer than it would otherwise be, thus keeping water liquid

      It also provides some UV protection

    10. Without this thin, gaseous envelope, there would be no life on our planet. The lower atmosphere is where weather happens, and therefore determines the climatic conditions underlying the distribution and function of life.

      Lower atmosphere is where weather happens and determines the conditions for distribution and function of life

    11. When looking skyward, you might think that the atmosphere extends for considerable distance but, in fact, relative to the size of the Earth, the atmosphere is very thin (Figure 2.1.1). The diameter of the Earth is about 12 700 km, but 99% of the Earth’s atmosphere is within 30 km of the surface. The mass of the whole atmosphere is much less than one-millionth of the total mass of the Earth. The atmosphere becomes exponentially less dense with distance from the surface, and half of the total mass of the atmosphere lies within about 5.6 km of the Earth’s surface. Although the atmosphere does extend to over 100 km from the Earth’s surface, it becomes extremely thin by this point.

      Atmosphere is very tiny It becomes exponentially less dense the further away from the surface is gets half the mass of the atmosphere is within 5.6km from earth, and it extends to ~30km

    1. Initial investments poured in to the LP, including more than $60 millionrolled over from OpenAI’s nonprofit, $10 million from YC, and $50 millioneach from Khosla Ventures and Hoffman’s charitable foundation. Hoffmanwas initially reluctant to invest more in OpenAI when it had no product ormarket plan, he later recounted. But he ultimately agreed to colead theround after Altman told him it would help legitimize the seriousness ofOpenAI’s intention to develop a profitable business.

      This has all the hallmarks of a Ponzi scheme.

    2. After fiveyears as head of the organization, frustration with Altman had reachedcritical levels over an issue strikingly similar to one that had arisen atLoopt: his seeming prioritization of his own projects and aspirations overthe organization’s—sometimes even at its expense.

      Recurring theme shown with:<br /> Loopt<br /> Y Combinator<br /> Elon Musk

    1. Il vaccino contro il meningococco B ha fatto risparmiare € 38 759 608. Per i soggetti vaccinati si stima una efficacia dell'87%. Il vaccino contro il rotavirus ha fatto risparmiare € 26 687 952. Per i soggetti vaccinati vi è una riduzione del 75% del rischio di incorrere in gastroenteriti ed ospedalizzazioni. La prevenzione della varicella infantile (vaccino somministrato in 2 dosi) ha fatto risparmiare € 23 300 000. In caso di copertura vaccinale della popolazione del 90% si riducono dell'87% i casi. Il vaccino contro il virus del papilloma umano nei maschi undicenni ha fatto risparmiare € 71 000 000. C'è stata una riduzione degli eventi HPV grazie ad una copertura vaccinale universale del 64%. Il vaccino contro lo pneumococco ha fatto risparmiare € 18 750 000. Negli anziani ha consentito di evitare oltre 5000 casi di polmonite non batteriemica pneumococcica (NBPP), più di 2500 casi di infezioni invasive da pneumococco (IPD), circa 3200 casi di meningite pneumococcica e circa 3300 sequele da infezioni pneumococciche. La prevenzione della varicella zoster (vaccino somministrato ad anziani) ha fatto risparmiare € 38 759 608. Sono stati evitati circa 9 724 casi di herpes zoster (HZ) e circa 898 casi di neuropatia post-herpetica (NPH).[

      Dati palesemente falsi e non validati da nessuno studio scientifico N.B.: Il risparmio riportato per il vaccino meningococcico B e quello per la varicella zoster sono identici: € 38 759 608, il che è veramente ridicolo Credibilità = 0**

    1. (sous la direction de Tony Gheeraert et en colaboration avec la Chaire d’excellence en édition numérique de l’Université de Rouen Normandie)

      Je sais pas si j'ai déjà vu des notes de bas de page dans les proposition pour des colloques. La parenthèse probablement est mieux. Je rajouterais la collaboration avec le PURH.

    1. Porreglageneralseprocedeprecisamentealainversa,viéndoseenlarelaciéndevalortansdlolaproporciénenqueseequiparandeterminadascantidadesdedosclasesdistintasdemercancias.Sepasaporalto,deestasuerte,quelasmagnitudesdecosas diferentesnolleganasercomparablescuantitativamentesinodespuésdesureducciéna lamismaunidad.Sloencuantoexpresio-nesdelamismaunidadsonmagnitudesdelamismadeno-minacién,yportantoconmensurables.™

      Contendido de la forma relativa del valor, nos sugiere que debemos encontrar ese ALGO que nos permita transformar formas de trabajo diferentes, mercancías de diferente uso, cualitativamente, donde podamos equipararlas, cuantitativamente.

    2. Por ello, si en lo que se refiere al valor de uso eltrabajo contenido en la mercancia sdlo cuenta cualitativa-mente, en lo que tiene que ver con la magnitud de valor,cuenta s6lo cuantitativamente, una vez que ese trabajo sehalla reducido a la condicién de trabajo humano sin mascualidad que ésa. Alli, se trataba del cémo y del qué deltrabajo; aqui del cudnto, de su duracién.

      Aquí se nos esta introduciendo al hecho de como es posible equiparar dos mercancías que son cualitativamente diferentes. Es por medio de la medición de la duración del TRABAJO puesto a su creación. Mas abajo en breve se nos insiste que las mercancías en el solo representan la cantidad de trabajo en ella contenida (duración del trabajo util en ellas contenida).

    1. Meaningfully engaging with a recreated historical space isa very different experience from willingly believing in afantastic or futuristic alternative world. Questions ofhistorical authenticity, accuracy and meaning all arise,particularly with such a sensitive topic as the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Ensuring that every choice issupported by research also leads to a need for design choiceswhich explicitly support player engagement and embodimentin much the same way as a living museum might.

      Think of Assassin's Creed.

    2. We anticipate that this writing process willcontinue for some time, as our team has committed to ensuringthat communities in Sierra Leone approve of ourrepresentation of what is their cultural heritage andhistory. This is time-consuming but an important act ofanticolonial narrative collaboration.

      Perhaps, but so are many more. Not relativising a minority, I am arguing people still have problems, and there are more efficient ways to bridge them, or bring awareness. I believe this should be a key consideration when creating for impact, because the team composition and motivation can flail when projects become too long and there is no economic backup or money return for the time spent. Volunteering can lead to burnout too.

    3. Tomba and an unnamed woman weredescribed as being leaders of an abortive slave revolt aboardthe slave vessel Robert, captained by a Robert Harding fromEngland. While their attempt was unsuccessful, our teamagreed that it represented African resistance, and shouldbe the key central narrative. We decided that the unnamedwoman should be the same individual as the Temne narrativeguide, who has been reborn and wishes her story to be told.This is consistent with Temne traditions and spirituality

      Respect given to the participants, who are not objects, but subjects!

    4. The initial intention behind Bunce Island: Through theMirror was only to produce a high fidelity immersive digitalenvironment

      (and it ended as that, I've checked, unavailable, as it is common with these kinds of university-based games)

    5. majority Temne and Mende peoples, and the smaller indigenouscultures such as the Limba, Loko and Kuranko. What we seein effect is a complex and varied tapestry of cultures andpeoples into which the European travellers and traderssailed and then settled. Those newcomers intermarried withmany coastal families, and from those unions arose Afro-European families which grew to dominate the coastal trade

      Don't homogenise a culture (like Asia, or China), there is internal colonisation too (interstate nations, flags), with diverse traditions (which, btw, some of the locals may not follow or be accord with).

    6. In part, this aspirational aspect was due to the financialsituation of the London-based Royal Africa Company (RAC)early on; those responsible for the fort were chronicallyunderfunded and typically owed money, as seen through anextensive correspondence by the chief factor, RobertPlunkett, requesting supplies in the early eighteenthcentury.3 Those who worked at Bunce were isolated by distanceand the time period from close oversight by their companyofficials.

      About communication delay, which now is much uncommon, but still happens in some rural areas.

    7. Just 502.9 metres by 106.7 metres (1650 feet by 350 feet),the island is small, which made it attractive to the slavetraders intending to build a fort there. Local accountsdescribe how Tasso was the first site considered for a slavefort, but proved unsuitable due to the breadth of terraininto which an escaped slave could flee. Bunce was thereforedeemed a better site and had the advantage of lying justbefore the point where the river grows too shallow for deep-water vessels to navigate.

      Chokepoints, vigilancy guard towers, straits. Kinda reminds me of The Witness architectural analysis (https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1020552/The-Art-of-The).

    8. literature on this complex relationship andsystem

      Accuracy requires economic, cultural, political, and scientific research (reading books/articles), to convey a coherent system without plot holes.

    9. Webegan to ask questions like in what type of homes thesepeople might live in. Would their homes be made of stone orof wood? What kinds of stone would they have chosen? Howmight they dress?These questions, distinctly practical, sparked others, andthe close re-reading of traveler accounts began to shedlight on new ideas and problems. Anna Maria Falconbridgedescribed orange trees at Bunce Island in the 1790s; werethese planted deliberately to address scurvy on board slaveships? Falconbridge describes seeing these trees growingnaturally along the shores of the rivers she and her husbandtraversed in the estuary, indicating that these oranges werea native variety.

      Adapt to the geography, or adapt the geography. Foot voting is a myth, we are born unequally because of material distribution. Also note, getting into most of these details may be not feasible, so focusing on a few, and explaining how they are interconnected and have ripple effects to now (takeaway) is a must for learning.

      Students should ask one simple question more frequently in classrooms: Why are we doing this?

    Annotators

    1. American cloud giants Amazon, Microsoft and Google, as well as Chinese tech giants Huawei and Alibaba, are all members of Gaia-X. In 2021, the annual summit in Milan was sponsored by Huawei and Alibaba, prompting backlash.

      Same is happening wrt IDSA, who have a global orientation, but are treated as EU grouping, which they're not.

    2. Those firms “steered the entire roadmap,” Lechelle said, throwing money and people at it. “The committees were drowning. They [global players] had the capacity, the bandwidth, but we were already underwater ... Americans have full-time lobbyists and massive budgets. Their job is basically to derail any initiative they don’t like.”

      Key friction. One cannot rule out non-EU parties mostly, esp their EU entities. But presence often obstructive / malicious compliance. You'd need much better governance / rulebooks upfront to flag and remove.

    3. of a data space based on Gaia-X standards that French energy company EDF will use to securely coordinate the construction of new nuclear sites

      example of DS project, here led by EDF for nuclear plant construction. Link w energy DS program? -[ ] zoek naar EDF DS voorbeeld voor bouw kerncentrales #geonovumtb/ds

    4. That’s how the mission to create a “federated cloud infrastructure” came to life. But that “staggering complexity” would soon turn into an “unmanageable mess,” said Lechelle.

      federated cloud concept originates in Gaia-X article says. Don't know if that's right. In itself that does not create 'staggering complexity' though. It is a different design path.

    5. “I joined Gaia-X because I believed in the original mission. I left Gaia-X because I didn’t believe it was going in the original direction,” said its former CEO, Francesco Bonfiglio.

      Gaia-X moved the goalposts original member says.

    6. The results we’re providing and the real business benefits these interoperable data spaces are creating are more and more visible,” he said, highlighting the example of a data space based on Gaia-X standards that French energy company EDF will use to securely coordinate the construction of new nuclear sites.

      again an impact example that is still in the future, a planned result, not an achieved one.

    7. Current CEO Ulrich Ahle, who joined in 2023, pushed back — saying Gaia-X is far from a “failure.” It has united the industry — both large and small players — around tangible deliverables, such as federated data spaces and compliance labels, he said.

      federated data spaces are not an outcome of gaiax, are they? EC induced. Do note that deliverables after all those years are still in the future.

    1. 1— “Debate has raged”

      Some headline news from the budget: Labour is finally, after an 18-month internal battle, scrapping the two-child benefit cap. How did they get here? Ailbhe is here, as always, with the inside track. Finn

      2—“Mortal danger”

      Is it all over in Ukraine? The country cannot fight a war for another year, that much is clear. Europe is facing a lonely future, without its American guarantor and with an expansionist, unchecked Russia. Andrew Marr assesses the grave situation. Finn

      3—“How did this happen?”

      Will Dunn makes an unappetising expedition for the sketch this week. There is “a hulking glacier of crap 500 feet long in the heart of the Oxfordshire countryside.” Criminals used it as an illegal rubbish tip. Will holds his nose and follows Ed Davey once more unto the heap. George

      4—“Her rally or his…”

      It’s Your Party conference weekend, and it’s going to be massive. Some predict a barney, some a bust-up. We’ve got two pieces for the meantime. First, Megan Kenyon sat down with Jeremy Corbyn to discuss his apology to Your Party members, his breakfast meeting with Zack Polanski and his ambitions for the leadership. Watch here, and read here.

      And then we have a weekend essay from the left-wing veteran, Andrew Murray. He has some advice for the Your Party high-ups, most saliently to “to stop doing stupid stuff”. Nicholas

      5—“Who was Salman Rushdie?”

      This is a major one. When one colleague asked Tanjil how he felt to be writing about Sir Salman Rushdie, he said, “Well, I have been reading him since I was a boy.” And Tanjil’s boyhood is foreground and background in this essay-cum-meditation-cum-memoir. Not a dry eye in the house. Nicholas

      To enjoy our latest analysis of politics, news and events, in addition to world-class literary and cultural reviews, click here to subscribe to the New Statesman. You'll enjoy all of the New Statesman's online content, ad-free podcasts and invitations to NS events.

      75% off

      6—”Here’s the trick”

      It takes a village (or un village?). While Will Dunn was inspecting the giant trash heap I was thoroughly investigating this year’s Beaujolais nouveau. Come along for a glass of summer in the bleak mid winter: the unassuming Gamay grape can teach us more than you might think about life. Trust me, or read me, to find out what. Finn

      7—“Hymns of isolation”

      I’ve always thought of Radiohead as headphone music: that falsetto over those arrangements, it’s something intense and private, not for 20,000 people standing in a field. But, in this wonderful review of the band live, George has won me round to the alternative. Nicholas

      8—”Just-so satisfaction” William Nicholson and the pleasure in the paint No one can really agree on how significant William Nicholson’s contribution to 20th century painting was. Probably thanks to all those plodding still lifes. Michael Prodger jumps in to tell me to stop being such a hater – there is real pleasure in the close reading, he says. Convinced? Finn

      9—”Like the Stasi in East Berlin”

      Ethan Croft scopes out a faction with traction in the Labour party. Blue Labour involves a “bricolage of calls for reindustrialisation and lower migration, inspired by Catholic social teaching”. Others write it off as a load of Tories. Its influence has gone up, then down, then up, and so on. Right now they’re riding high. Ethan never fails to provide your quotient of gossip and Labour infighting. George

      Elsewhere Naomi Klein: surrealism against fascism (from the brilliant new mag, Equator)

      Why would China want to trade with us?

      Guardian investigates the Free Birth Society

      New Yorker: Airport lounge wars

      Atlantic: Stranger Things comes to an exhausting end

      Ryan Lizza/Olivia Nuzzi latest

      Gamma the tortoise dies in her prime, at 141 :(

      Recipe of the week: Nigel Slater’s pear and chocolate crumble (a crowd pleaser)

      And with that…

      Something smells fishy! And snail-y. And wine-y. I am talking, of course, about the recent spate of luxury grocery theft. Some thieves have stolen €90,000 worth of snails, intended for the restaurant trade. The producer (funny word for that job, I thought) said he was shocked when he learnt of the disappearance of 450kg of snails from his farm in Bouzy, in – get this – the Champagne region of France. The Times described the theft as “yet another blow to a struggling sector”.

      Meanwhile, closer to home in Chelsea, a woman has been caught on CCTV making off with a box of langoustines, stolen from the doorstep of the Michelin-starred restaurant Elystan Street. That’s about £200 worth of big prawns. And in Virginia, a couple posed as wealthy collectors in order to secure private tours of restaurant wine cellars. While one distracted the sommelier, the other swiped. In their haul? A rare 2020 Romanée-Conti, worth $24,000.

      I can’t help but think about the Louvre jewel heist in October: a crime of extraordinary effort. To pull it off, you do not just need to outsmart Louvre security, you then have to work out how to sell the things. And as Michael explains, flogging stolen jewels without alerting the authorities is a hard task. Snail theft is starting to sound appealing: no need for a cross-border pan-European crime network or experts in recutting precious stones; just a hot oven, some salted butter, chopped parsley and a splash of dry white, and you have already succeeded.

    1. catharsishypothese

      De catharsis-hypothese is de aanname dat het uiten van opgekropte emoties, zoals woede, leidt tot een verlaging van deze emoties en spanning, vergelijkbaar met een "zuivering" van de ziel.

    1. The current university lecture has a few aspects that students from earlier decades might not recognize. Instead of the occasional tape recorder, professors will often find themselves surrounded by a small pack of electronic recording devices, and be expected to provide a link to a PDF containing their lecture slides. That's assuming they don't generate their own podcast of a lecture or are part of a university that records and posts the material for them. This apparently free exchange of ideas, however, might be about to get a lot more complicated, depending on the results of a lawsuit filed last week in Florida.

      This paragraph highlights how technology has changed lecture delivery and recording. It raises questions about who owns lecture materials when universities provide recording services or when professors share slides digitally. It seems fair for academics to claim ownership of their original work, but institutional policies and legal cases, like the Florida lawsuit, may complicate this.

      LiDA103

    1. 一歩進んだ型ヒントの活用

      面白い内容をピックアップして紹介していると思います。 ページ数が許すなら、この内容を追加したいですね。