10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Apr 2020
    1. Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. Those programs which cannot so expand are replaced by ones which can.

      Software Envelopment

    1. Guédelon Castle (Château de Guédelon) is a castle currently under construction near Treigny, France. The castle is the focus of an experimental archaeology project aimed at recreating a 13th-century castle and its environment using period technique, dress, and material.

      Guédelon Castle (Château de Guédelon)

      More info on HN

    1. After the collapse of Sargon's state, Lagash again thrived under its independent kings (ensis), Ur-Baba and Gudea, and had extensive commercial communications with distant realms

      The Statue of Gudea was most likely commissioned after the collapse of Sargon's state. Gudea was after the Akkadians took over Lagash and Sumer as a whole.

    1. earliest web annotation system.

      Although the paper cited at the end of the following sentence has a section "Related work" listing several previous web annotation tools.

    1. Graphemes are often notated within angle brackets: ⟨a⟩, ⟨B⟩, etc.[8] This is analogous to both the slash notation (/a/, /b/) used for phonemes, and the square bracket notation used for phonetic transcriptions ([a], [b]).
    1. emulate the way the brain links data by association rather than by indexes and traditional, hierarchical storage paradigms,

      The traditional, hierarchical storage paradigms remind me of the old web directories, such as Yahoo Directory.

    1. a user can download his or her own data

      In a platform where one of the main values is collaboration, how important is it that these platforms guarantee that the user will be able to backup his/her data in case he/she wants (or is forced to) move out? Shouldn't this platforms also guarantee that one would be able to download ALL public data (or data the specific user has access to) to make sure he/she will be able to recreate the whole thing if he/she wants (or is forced) to?

    1. The Adi Granth, its first rendition, was compiled by the fifth Sikh Guru Arjan Dev (1563–1606). Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, did not add any of his own hymns; however, he added all 115 hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, to the Adi Granth and affirmed the text as his successor.[1

      Adi authors

    1. The Dasam Granth includes hymns, mythological tales from Hindu texts,[2] a celebration of the feminine in the form of goddess Durga,[4] erotic fables,[2] an autobiography, letters to others such as the Mughal emperor, as well as reverential discussion of warriors and theology.[3]

      genre

    2. However, many printed versions of the text in the contemporary era skip a major section (40%) because it is considered too graphic and obscene to print for the general audience

      audience, adultered

    3. Most of the writing compiled at Anandpur Sahib was lost while the Guru's camp was crossing the Sirsa river before the Battle of Chamkaur (1704).

      lost work

    1. c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), were originally identified as kinases that bind and phosphorylate c-Jun on Ser-63 and Ser-73 within its transcriptional activation domain. They belong to the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, and are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock. They also play a role in T cell differentiation and the cellular apoptosis pathway. Activation occurs through a dual phosphorylation of threonine (Thr) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues within a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif located in kinase subdomain VIII. Activation is carried out by two MAP kinase kinases, MKK4 and MKK7, and JNK can be inactivated by Ser/Thr and Tyr protein phosphatases.[1] It has been suggested that this signaling pathway contributes to inflammatory responses in mammals and insects.[citation needed]

      shit

    1. On 29 October 2008, at the International Semantic Web Conference 2008, Freebase released its RDF service for generating RDF representations of Freebase topics, allowing Freebase to be used as linked data.[11]

      Freebase Linked Data

    1. then it takes on any given value between f(a) and f(b) at some point within the interval

      What is the definition of 'any' given value. Is it any value in the co-domain or the range?

      I'm wondering in the context of a function that is defined on rational numbers -> real numbers. Where certain values of real numbers are not possible because the domain is restricted.

      Specific example of \(x^2 - 2\), not taking 0 because domain is restricted to rational numbers discussed here

    1. originally isolated from the skin of grapes (one can see the yeast as a component of the thin white film on the skins of some dark-colored fruits such as plums; it exists among the waxes of the cuticle)

      Interesting.

    1. relative condition number is

      basically, if I change the input by X percent, the output will change by Y percent

      the conditioning ratio number is the ratio between Y and X it's obtained when picking infinitesimally small X

  2. Mar 2020

    1. ch 4 Qs


      SPQR ch 4 Qs:

      1) What is the fundamental principle of a republic?
      
      2) How did Republicans 300 B.C. define manliness? 
      
      3) What is a "libertus"?
      
      4) Explain the difference between plebeians and 
         patricians.
      
      5) When did the plebeians get legislative rights and 
         why?
      
      6) Name the new plebeian freedoms.
      
      7) When was the Republican army centralized and why 
         is that important?
      
      8) What were the differences between the Macedonian 
         army (Alexander the Great) and the Roman 
         Republican army?  
      
    1. Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve these goals are usually limited. Strategy generally involves setting goals, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions.[3] A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means (resources). Strategy can be intended or can emerge as a pattern of activity as the organization adapts to its environment or competes.[4] It involves activities such as strategic planning and strategic thinking.[5]

      "resources...usually limited"

      Strategy

      Critically check your resources, mentally, emotionally, socially, and financially.

      • intellectual resources
      • emotional resources
      • social resources
      • financial resources
      • spiritual resources

      .

    1. I came upon a great idea that would put an end to these ceaseless interrogations by my comrade. 'We are five or six friends', I told him some time later, 'who are in charge of the same mathematics curriculum at various universities. Let us all come together and regulate these matters once and for all, and after this, I shall be delivered of these questions.' I was unaware of the fact that Bourbaki was born at that instant.
    1. The free software movement is a social movement with the goal of obtaining and guaranteeing certain freedoms for software users, namely the freedom to run the software, to study and change the software, and to redistribute copies with or without changes.
    1. If a server responds to a POST or other non-idempotent request with a 303 See Other response and a value for the location header, the client is expected to obtain the resource mentioned in the location header using the GET method
    1. From the gene-centred view, it follows that the more two individuals are genetically related, the more sense (at the level of the genes) it makes for them to behave selflessly with each other.

      Relating to WBY series

    1. 1–9–90 rule (sometimes 90–9–1 principle or the 89:10:1 ratio),[1] which states that in a collaborative website such as a wiki, 90% of the participants of a community only consume content, 9% of the participants change or update content, and 1% of the participants add content.

      1% rule = 1% of the users create and 99% watch the content.

      1-9-90 rule = 1% create, 9% modify and 90% watch

    1. Multiple, sometimes contradictory, versions of this work exist. The earliest known version was probably composed in the 1st century CE, but the story may have circulated in different versions for centuries before it was committed to writing,

      It's a plausible explanation for origin of bible(s) as well..

    1. In addition, Version 5 introduced a facility to use nested annotations within SBML's annotation format (an annotation format that is based on a subset of RDF).

      Adding RDF to SBML data.

    1. Four worlds

      четыре экзистенциальные данности:

      • конечность жизни
      • ответственность
      • одиночество
      • бессмысленность
    1. The rationale for calling an action cruel rather than merely describing it in more neutral terms is to tune into this evaluative aspect

      I like this sentence. Helpful.

    1. identities

      This made me think about linguistic identities of our students as well. As we teach in a highly multilingual context, do we consider allowing the use of translanguaguing?

    1. The film was selected as the Icelandic entry

      "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sem fringilla ut morbi tincidunt augue interdum velit. Accumsan sit amet nulla facilisi morbi tempus. Lacus sed viverra tellus in hac habitasse. Diam maecenas sed enim ut sem viverra. Et molestie ac feugiat sed lectus vestibulum mattis. Sed tempus urna et pharetra pharetra massa massa ultricies mi. Eu mi bibendum neque egestas congue quisque egestas diam. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien faucibus. Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui nunc. Dictum fusce ut placerat orci nulla pellentesque dignissim enim sit. Semper eget duis at tellus. Eleifend quam adipiscing vitae proin sagittis. Ornare lectus sit amet est placerat in egestas. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et. Quam adipiscing vitae proin sagittis nisl.

      Enim eu turpis egestas pretium aenean pharetra magna. Arcu felis bibendum ut tristique et egestas quis ipsum suspendisse. Interdum varius sit amet mattis vulputate. Sed libero enim sed faucibus turpis in. Odio ut sem nulla pharetra diam. Purus non enim praesent elementum facilisis leo vel fringilla. Tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Adipiscing at in tellus integer feugiat scelerisque. Est ultricies integer quis auctor elit sed vulputate mi. Lobortis feugiat vivamus at augue eget arcu. Cras pulvinar mattis nunc sed. Sapien pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Maecenas pharetra convallis posuere morbi. Aenean pharetra magna ac placerat vestibulum lectus mauris ultrices eros. Rhoncus mattis rhoncus urna neque viverra justo nec ultrices. Iaculis urna id volutpat lacus laoreet non curabitur gravida arcu. Iaculis urna id volutpat lacus laoreet non curabitur.

      Mauris nunc congue nisi vitae. Sed risus pretium quam vulputate dignissim suspendisse. Sagittis purus sit amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc. Urna condimentum mattis pellentesque id nibh tortor id aliquet. Faucibus a pellentesque sit amet porttitor eget. Sem fringilla ut morbi tincidunt augue interdum velit euismod. At auctor urna nunc id cursus metus aliquam eleifend. Elementum integer enim neque volutpat ac tincidunt vitae semper. Sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet. Bibendum enim facilisis gravida neque convallis a cras."

    1. Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, or neural plasticity, is the ability of the brain to change continuously throughout an individual's life

      Can this process be accelerated to achieve rapid psychological change? Did something along the lines of this happened to Jason Padgett?

    1. Many programmers have had the experience of explaining a problem to someone else, possibly even to someone who knows nothing about programming, and then hitting u

      top-level annotation

    1. He graduated in 1992, then attended The College of Saint Rose in Albany, New York, where he was a computer science major before switching to communications in his senior year. He was an average student. On weekends, he would perform stand-up comedy.[8] Fallon would often board buses from his aunt's house in Fort Hamilton to perform sets at Caroline's Comedy Club in Times Square.[17] He did not graduate, leaving college a semester early to pursue a comedy career.
  3. Feb 2020
    1. James D. Watson, Francis Crick, and others hypothesized that DNA had a helical structure. This implied that DNA's X-ray diffraction pattern would be 'x shaped'

      if DNA has a helical stricture, then the DNA's X-ray diffraction patten would be x shaped. the x shaped diffration is a prediction.

    2. Predictions from the hypothesis

      base on things happen step by step by logic consecutively, therefore, of a hypothesis to be true, what is it the logically natural following steps being brought into existent will be like is a prediction that proof the hypothesis to be true

    3. Any useful hypothesis will enable predictions, by reasoning including deductive reasoning

      when coming out with a hypothesis of a questioned phenomenon, from the insight of the data you use inductive reasoning to infer a generation statement, which apply to other phenomena similar with the original one by deduction reasoning as a form of prediction,

    4. Scientists often use these terms to refer to a theory that is in accordance with the known facts, but is nevertheless relatively simple and easy to handle.

      this may refer to the principle of system thinking that everything is connected and emerge from the predecessor and as itself a predecessor of its follower.

    1. The method was an early attempt to use logical means to produce knowledge. Llull hoped to show that Christian doctrines could be obtained artificially from a fixed set of preliminary ideas. For example, the most essential table listed the attributes of God: goodness, greatness, eternity, power, wisdom, will, virtue, truth and glory.

      logical means to produce knowledge

    1. this approach leverages new media to broaden access to opportunity and meaningful learning experiences.[1][2]

      using a lot of the repositories of information available online to make meaningful learning opportunities.

    1. database provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases.

      database no tables

    1. quantified self refers both to the cultural phenomenon of self-tracking with technology and to a community of users and makers of self-tracking tools who share an interest in “self-knowledge through numbers.”[1] Quantified Self practices overlap with the practice of lifelogging and other trends that incorporate technology and data acquisition into daily life, often with the goal of improving physical, mental, and/or emotional performance.

      Quantified self relates to all of us managing our life with Mi Bands, Fitbits, etc.

    1. Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus

      This article gives the impression that this is a current docrtine of the Catholic Church unless you read it really carefully, even then it isn't that clear.

      According to Pope Benedict, views like this continued to be held in the Catholic church through to the 1950s.

      Pope Benedict and Pope Francis have both spoken against it. Not only Christians of other denominations, non Christians can be saved too.

      Here is Pope Francis assuring a grieving child that his atheist father will go to heaven

      “God is the one who says who goes to heaven,” not the catechism. Not the pope, not you or me, but God. Was Pope Francis right to tell a child his atheist dad may be in heaven?

      Here is Pope Benedict with a more detailed theological discussion of it. He starts by explaining why it is he is sure that people who are not in the Catholic church can be saved.

      He spends most of his time talking about how to reconcile this with other Catholic ideas.

      His essential point is that for Jesus everything is possible and so of course those of other branches of Christianity and non Christians can be saved.

      Full text of Benedict XVI's recent, rare, and lengthy interview

    1. it determines which aspects of the environment an individual will deal with, and what gets passed through to that individual’s conscious awareness. The attentional awareness system is the reason one can safely drive or walk to work without noticing most of the buildings or cars one passes by.

      How does attention work? What we pay attention to is probably important as a mechanism of personality. Goal relevance, surprising expectation, both play into that. Threatening information.

    1. The term "tacit knowing" or "tacit knowledge" is attributed to Michael Polanyi in 1958 in Personal Knowledge. In his later work The Tacit Dimension he made the assertion that "we can know more than we can tell."[1] He states not only that there is knowledge that cannot be adequately articulated by verbal means, but also that all knowledge is rooted in tacit knowledge.

      The quote is from Michael Polanyi

    1. It is currently estimated, however, that by the time it could become a threat, its velocity in relation to the Solar System would have carried IK Pegasi to a safe distance

      IK Pegasi is already too far away to be a threat at 150 light years. It can't go supernova for millions of years. Its larger star first has to evolve into its red giant phase before it is possible.

      Here is Phil Plait of "Bad Astronomy" talking about how there is no nearby star that can go supernova, close enough to harm us

      https://youtu.be/pGqHP26rn5U

      See also my

      https://www.quora.com/q/duzzmyeobxjljrpq/Debunked-Earth-is-threatened-by-a-supernova

    2. Type Ia supernovae are thought to be potentially the most dangerous

      Type 1a supernovae are no more dangerous than Type II supernovae. This sentence needs rephrasing, is a bit confusing. They may mean that it is harder to see the supernova precursor because white dwarfs are small and faint - but we can see nearby white dwarfs easily enough too.

    1. During 1950, his biography of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle earned Carr the first of his two Special Edgar Awards from the Mystery Writers of America; the second was awarded during 1970, in recognition of his 40-year career as a mystery writer

      Can I have an Edgar award for this annotation? hahaha

    1. In literary theory, a text is any object that can be "read", whether this object is a work of literature, a street sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city block, or styles of clothing. It is a coherent set of signs that transmits some kind of informative message.[1] This set of signs is considered in terms of the informative message's content, rather than in terms of its physical form or the medium in which it is represented.

      What is text?

    1. The memex would provide an "enlarged intimate supplement to one's memory"

      Vannevar Bush's dream of the memex has been realized. The computer, whether it be a laptop or a smartphone, is now an extension of an individual. It is our own personal knowledge base.

      However, these extensions can be considered an "external brain". The "supplement" our cognition, memory retention and creative process. What is now needed is a "augmentation" of our brains internal processes. I believe that this is the future.

    1. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory.

      "Great things in business are never done by one person; they're done by a team of people."

    1. With version 6.1.4, the Foxit installer was bundled with potentially unwanted programs like OpenCandy which installed the browser-hijacking malware Conduit.[11][12] Following complaints from users, it was removed after version 6.2.1.[13] In July 2014, the Internet Storm Center reported that the mobile version for iPhone was transmitting unencrypted telemetry and other data to remote servers located in China despite users attempting to opt out of such data collection.[14]
    1. Watches sold to the military were marked "ЗАКАЗ МО СССР", meaning "Ordered by the Ministry of Defence of the USSR". These models were sold exclusively through Voentorg stores, which catered to military personnel with identification only. Today, these models have become sought-after collectibles.

      Russian Wristwatches

  4. Jan 2020
    1. Sketchpad inspired Douglas Engelbart to design and develop oN-Line System at the Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) during the 1960s.

      inspired Douglas engelbart

    2. Ivan Sutherland demonstrated with it that computer graphics could be used for both artistic and technical purposes in addition to showing a novel method of human-computer interaction

      Sketchpad stub

    1. Alloys[edit] Antimony forms a highly useful alloy with lead, increasing its hardness and mechanical strength. For most applications involving lead, varying amounts of antimony are used as alloying metal. In lead–acid batteries, this addition improves plate strength and charging characteristics.[49][59] For sailboats, lead keels are used as counterweights, ranging from 600 lbs to over 8000 lbs; to improve hardness and tensile strength of the lead keel, antimony is mixed with lead between 2% and 5% by volume. Antimony is used in antifriction alloys (such as Babbitt metal),[60] in bullets and lead shot, electrical cable sheathing, type metal (for example, for linotype printing machines[61]), solder (some "lead-free" solders contain 5% Sb),[62] in pewter,[63] and in hardening alloys with low tin content in the manufacturing of organ pipes. Other applications[edit] Three other applications consume nearly all the rest of the world's supply.[48] One application is as a stabilizer and catalyst for the production of polyethylene terephthalate.[48] Another is as a fining agent to remove microscopic bubbles in glass, mostly for TV screens;[64] antimony ions interact with oxygen, suppressing the tendency of the latter to form bubbles.[65] The third application is pigments.[48] Antimony is increasingly being used in semiconductors as a dopant in n-type silicon wafers[66] for diodes, infrared detectors, and Hall-effect devices. In the 1950s, the emitters and collectors of n-p-n alloy junction transistors were doped with tiny beads of a lead-antimony alloy.[67] Indium antimonide is used as a material for mid-infrared detectors.[68][69][70]

      Potential uses in phone batteries and silicon wafers As semi conductors.

    1. Gadolinium has no large-scale applications, but it has a variety of specialized uses. Because 157Gd has a high neutron cross-section, it is used to target tumors in neutron therapy

      gadolinium can be used to treat cancer with neutron tharapy

    2. tarnishes quickly in moist air, forming a loosely-adhering gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3): 4 Gd + 3 O2 → 2 Gd2O3,

      when gadolinium comes in contact with air consisting of a lot of h2o, it tarnishes quickly and the elements cant combine.

    3. Crushed minerals are extracted with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, which converts the insoluble oxides into soluble chlorides or sulfates. The acidic filtrates are partially neutralized with caustic soda to pH 3–4. Thorium precipitates as its hydroxide, and is then removed. The remaining solution is treated with ammonium oxalate to convert rare earths into their insoluble oxalates. The oxalates are converted to oxides by heating. The oxides are dissolved in nitric acid that excludes one of the main components, cerium, whose oxide is insoluble in HNO3. The solution is treated with magnesium nitrate to produce a crystallized mixture of double salts of gadolinium, samarium and europium. The salts are separated by ion exchange chromatography. The rare-earth ions are then selectively washed out by a suitable complexing agent.[
    1. a "keyword slugline") as follows: "The keyword or slug (sometimes more than one word) clearly indicates the content of the story."[1]

      keyword slugline

    1. In 2004 the Congolese military killed between seventy and one hundred civilians in the town of Kilwa, near Anvil Mining's Dikulushi mine, which resulted in legal proceedings against Anvil Mining in the DRC and Canada, investigations by the Australian Federal Police and by the World Bank Group's Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman.[citation needed]

      problems

    1. Mining of stones and metal has been a human activity since pre-historic times. Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed.[1]

      I just thought it was cool to read about how mining has evolved.

    2. Mining operations usually create a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed.

      do you think there is a way humans could figure out how to get the resources from mining in a way that doesn't hurt the environment as much?

    3. Mining operations usually create a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine

      mining is operation that mostly creates a negative impact to the environment

    1. The plural for the small rodent is always "mice" in modern usage. The plural of a computer mouse is either "mouses" or "mice" according to most dictionaries, with "mice" being more common.[4] The first recorded plural usage is "mice"; the online Oxford Dictionaries cites a 1984 use, and earlier uses include J. C. R. Licklider's "The Computer as a Communication Device" of 1968.[5] The term computer mouses may be used informally in some cases. Although the plural of a mouse (small rodent) is mice, the two words have undergone a differentiation through usage.