10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2025
    1. They have condemned absolutebans on abortion as being incompatible with inter-national human rights norms and have urged statesto eliminate punitive measures for women and girlswho undergo abortions and for health care provid-ers who deliver abortion services. 10 Moreover, theyhave called on states to decriminalize abortion, ata minimum, when the pregnancy poses a risk tothe woman’s life or health, when the pregnancyresults from rape or incest, and in cases of severefetal abnormality. 11 Furthermore, in the landmarkcase of L.C. v. Peru, the Committee on the Elimi-nation of Discrimination against Women (CEDAWCommittee) explicitly instructed a state party todecriminalize abortion in cases of rape, markingthe first instance in which a human rights body hasexplicitly directed a state to liberalize its abortionlaw as a result of an individual communication

      I agree because it shows that international human rights groups are clear about how harmful absolute abortion bans are. They push laws that protect women's rights and health, especially in serious situation like rape or health risk. The fact that CEDAW has directly told the country to change its law highlights how important these protections are and.Human rights can drive real legal progress.

    2. International and regional human rights normshave also been a key tool in lobbying and influencinglegislatures to liberalize abortion laws and establishpolicies to ensure access to safe and legal abortionservices. For example, in 2010, Spain enacted asexual and reproductive health law authorizingabortion without restriction as to reason. The lawitself indicates that it seeks to bring Spain in linewith the “international consensus” on reproductiverights. It explicitly looks to CEDAW’s recognitionof the unique impact of pregnancy and childbear-ing on women and considers the Convention on theRights of Persons with Disabilities’ reproductiverights protections.53

      It shows how international human rights laws like CEDW really influence countries to help improve our abortion access. Spain's law is a good example of how the following global standards can lead to more freedom and better production for rights for women. Recognizing the special challenges. It also shows how important these agreements are pushing for a positive change.

    1. The advantage of the above protocols is that they can be adapted to any type of WSN application. Interestingly, without a specific application and its requirements, we can see that each protocol deals with some requirements and ignores others. None of the existing protocols deals with specific requirements simultaneously like Energy efficiency (and subsequently network lifetime), reliability, real time responsiveness, scalability and reactivity. Thus, the application of these protocols in a specific application of forest fire detection (which requires to meet all the aforementio

      Cet extrait m'intérèsse!

    2. ned requirements) may not result in the best performance. The advantage of the proposed RPLS protocol over the existing ones relies on its ability of being an application-specific routing protocol and thus it meets the objectives and enhances the performance of the WSN application for which it is designed for. But the security problem requires even more effort to avoid false alarms and thus not affect network performance particularly in terms of energy and time.

      testn

    1. In reality, Arizona already has large numbers of data centers throughout the state. They collectively use about 1/50th as much water as just the golf courses in Arizona, but generate more tax revenue than the golf industry. Building data centers in the desert has been normal for a while and doesn’t harm water access. Here’s a comparison2 of water usage for data centers and golf courses in the county in Arizona with the most data water draw

      Are golf courses and datacentres in the same place, and the same water basin though?

    1. The data sample of Soulier et al. (36) was limited, in that it included only appellate cases and therefore did not include verdicts in state trial courts that are not appealed or cases settled before trial.

      The data sample of Soulier et al. (36) was limited, in that it included only appellate cases and therefore did not include verdicts in state trial courts that are not appealed or cases settled before trial.

    2. Ultimately, we conclude that the courts converge on three themes of the duty to warn or protect: hold therapists liable only in obvious cases of negligence that result in harm to a victim; recognize when a state has a permissive statute, rather than an obligatory one; and do not hold therapists liable for violence that occurs well after the termination of therapy (37). We note that these narrow interpretations of therapist liability stand in contrast to earlier rulings that ignored the language of the statutes and interpreted broad liability, such as cases in which therapists were held liable for motor vehicle accidents that occurred months after termination of therapy

      "Ultimately, we conclude that the courts converge on three themes of the duty to warn or protect: hold therapists liable only in obvious cases of negligence that result in harm to a victim; recognize when a state has a permissive statute, rather than an obligatory one; and do not hold therapists liable for violence that occurs well after the termination of therapy (37). We note that these narrow interpretations of therapist liability stand in contrast to earlier rulings that ignored the language of the statutes and interpreted broad liability, such as cases in which therapists were held liable for motor vehicle accidents that occurred months after termination of therapy"

    3. Mental health professionals were exonerated on the following bases: no imminent threat was communicated to a therapist about an identifiable victim; the victim was already aware of the danger; or the therapist warned the victim, but the victim took actions that went against the warning.

      "Mental health professionals were exonerated on the following bases: no imminent threat was communicated to a therapist about an identifiable victim; the victim was already aware of the danger; or the therapist warned the victim, but the victim took actions that went against the warning."

    Annotators

    1. Government of Canada communications are non-partisan, effectively managed, well coordinated, clear and responsive to the diverse information needs of the public and Government of Canada employees;

    1. She was arrested and spent 49 days in jail before being granted bai

      Tamara Lich’s imprisonment highlights how stakeholder power and legitimacy can shift when activism crosses into perceived disruption, challenging governance boundaries between civil liberty and public order. Her case underscores the need for leaders to manage high-salience stakeholders through dialogue and transparency before conflict escalates into legal or ethical crises.

    2. In response to the imposition of a vaccine mandate on cross-border truckers, a large group of truckers from across Canadaconverged on Ottawa to protest the vaccine mandate and, moregenerally, COVID measures. The convoy that started on January22, attracted thousands of people that occupied the downtowncore streets opposite the Parliament buildings. The convoy protestreceived significant media coverage around the world andbecame an important symbol of resistance to COVID measures inCanada and in many other countries.

      This event illustrates how a single stakeholder group, when feeling unheard, can evolve into a powerful collective actor influencing national policy and public perception. It reminds leaders that in stakeholder management, silenced voices don’t disappear; they organize, and effective governance must engage early, transparently, and empathetically to prevent polarization.

    3. Some mainstream media appeared to go out of their way to belittle or shame those opposed to the measures,or to suppress/not report on studies or evidence that contradicted the mainstream narrative. For example,on August 26, 2021, the Toronto Star, one of the major newspapers in Ontario, included the followingcontroversial quote from social media on their front page: “I have no empathy for the wilfully unvaccinated.Let them die.

      This passage reveals how stakeholder influence can lead to bias when power and visibility overshadow ethical responsibility. The media, an essential stakeholder in any governance ecosystem, holds the power to shape narratives and public opinion; however, with that power comes a duty to uphold fairness, empathy, and transparency. When media discourse becomes punitive or moralizing, it silences legitimate concerns and narrows the scope of democratic dialogue. In stakeholder management, a balanced approach recognizes that even dissenting groups deserve representation and respect. Excluding or shaming them undermines both legitimacy and trust: two pillars of ethical governance. From my perspective, governance must never frame disagreement as defiance. Instead, it should protect freedom of choice and expression as part of the stakeholder landscape, ensuring that communication, even when tense, remains grounded in dignity and respect.

    4. The student trustee, Tabarak Al-Delaimi noted that her brother has autism spectrum disorder and is “non-verbal,” and so the way he communicates, makes sense of the world around him and understands histeachers is through their facial expressions and through reading their faces”, and so special needs studentsand educators know that masking is a problem, and thus is a mask exemption in these cases fair? Samson’sresponse was to “turn it around” and simply repeat that because some people cannot wear masks, anybodywho can should wear a mask.

      This passage touched me deeply because it reminds us that behind every policy are individuals with unique needs that can easily be overlooked. In stakeholder management, we often focus on groups with high power or urgency; however, this scenario reminds us that legitimacy and vulnerability also demand attention. Students with special needs are stakeholders whose voices are seldom heard directly; yet, the consequences of decisions profoundly affect them. Mitchell et al.’s salience theory encourages managers and leaders to evaluate who matters, and this must include those who may lack voice but not value. In governance, sensitivity toward small or marginalized groups is not an act of charity; it’s a matter of justice and ethical accountability. When decisions involve health, accessibility, or education, equity necessitates more nuanced solutions than one-size-fits-all approaches. Effective governance notices the quiet stakeholders, those whose well-being depends on thoughtful exemptions, flexibility, and empathy.

    5. I really do not want to start evicting people from this meeting but if you insist on causing a ruckusI will have to. Please keep you voices down while people are speaking.”

      Reading this moment, I felt both the weight and vulnerability of leadership. When emotions take over reason, leaders must carry not only the decision but also the temperature of the room. Chair Evans’s calm firmness demonstrates how emotional intelligence can become a governance tool. It’s not about silencing opposition but protecting the integrity of the process. In any stakeholder environment, whether a public board or a community meeting, trust grows when leaders manage disagreement with empathy and restraint. I’ve seen how a composed tone, a deep breath, or even a respectful pause can shift an entire discussion. In crisis moments, the most effective authority is not control; it’s a steady presence.

    6. The key trustees in favour of the mask mandates were Dr. Nili Kaplan-Myrth, Lyra Evans (the Chair) andJustine Bell. The opposition was led by trustees Donna Blackburn and Lynn Scott, and student trusteesTabarak Al-Delaimi and Antong Hou

      From experience, I’ve learned that the goal of governance isn’t perfect agreement; it is a shared understanding. When people feel their perspective has been heard, they become more open to compromise. Even during polarized moments, creating structured space for every stakeholder builds trust that lasts long after the vote is done.

    7. Both student trustees voted against the motion(their votes do not count).

      This small detail says a great deal about inclusion. Student voices were heard but not counted. In stakeholder terms, they had legitimacy but no power. I’ve seen similar imbalances, with younger or less experienced members being invited for diversity optics rather than genuine influence. Meaningful participation means ensuring that every voice has weight in shaping outcomes, not just being present in the room.

    8. he meeting restarted without the audience, as the audience was escorted out of the room under a policepresence

      When governance collapses into shouting, it’s a sign that the process has lost legitimacy. I recall that, in our school’s committee, before reaching a consensus on the mask policy, we first agreed on the rules of discussion: respect, turn-taking, and focusing on shared goals (protecting students). Once stakeholders feel respected, they are more likely to listen. It’s never just about the decision; it’s about how it is made.

    9. Many members of the audience were skeptical of the arguments made by these delegations. The claim ofno harm was in contradiction to the lived experience described by the parents—as such, these parents feltgaslighted by the “experts.”

      This passage captures a deep clash of epistemic worlds: lived experience versus data. As someone who worked on decisions where evidence confronted beliefs, I’ve learned that truth doesn’t speak for itself; it must be translated. Stakeholder management here means listening with empathy, not superiority. It’s not about who is right, but about how to rebuild trust across different forms of “knowing.”

    10. While the lockdown measuresthat were announced on March 17, 2020 in Ontario were marketed as intended to last for only a few weeks,most of the measures remained in place for more than 10 weeks.

      Promises that stretch beyond their limits create long-term distrust. In any governance structure, whether a school, a regulatory body, or a government, credibility is fragile. Once people feel deceived, they stop listening, even when the science is solid. In stakeholder terms, legitimacy erodes faster than it can be rebuilt. I’ve seen how transparency, even about uncertainty, is the only way to maintain engagement in times of crisis.

    11. The wearing or the refraining fromwearing of masks was an indicator of how the Trustees were going to vote on the Motion.

      It's striking how a simple public health tool turned into a symbol of identity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, I observed the same polarization within my kids' Catholic French school committee in Lebanon. Masks weren't just medical; they represented belief, trust, and even belonging. In moments like this, stakeholder management becomes emotional negotiation. It is crucial to understand that each position is rooted in fairness, religious beliefs, and personal values. I learned that leadership in polarized spaces isn't about convincing; it's about creating space for dialogue without judgment.

    1. h training step: LoRA training curves for various ranks on T

      high-rank LoRA and FullFT have identical curves. Medium/low rank fall off when they hit capacity limits. This is the visual proof of the main claim.

    2. We investigated the effects of applying LoRA to different layers in the network. The original paper by Hu et al. recommended applying LoRA only to the attention matrices, and many subsequent papers followed suit, though a recent trend has been to apply it to all layers.Similar to our results, the QLoRA paper also found that LoRA performed worse than MLP or MLP+attention, though they found that MLP+attention > MLP > attention, whereas we found the first two to be roughly equal. Indeed, we achieved far better results when applying LoRA to all layers, in particular, the MLP (including MoE) layers. In fact, applying LoRA to the attention matrices shows no additional benefits beyond applying it to the MLPs only.

      contradicts common practice of attention-only LoRA!

    3. We find that the optimal learning rate for FullFT is lower by a factor of 10 than for high-rank LoRAs.See Biderman et al. (2024), Figure S1, for an experiment with sampling evals, which finds a similar 10x ratio. We’ll return to this in our discussion of LoRA hyperparameters later on. The optimal LR seems to be similar for all the LoRA runs across different ranks; we give a theoretical explanation for this finding below. However, there does seem to be some rank dependence, with lower optimal LR for rank=1 than for higher-rank LoRAs. The optimal LR changes by a factor of less than 2 between rank=4 and rank=512.

      Key practical finding, multiply by 10 when switching, at least until a better method is identified...

    4. A key finding from our experiments is that LoRA fully matches the learning performance of FullFT when running policy gradient algorithms for reinforcement learning, even with ranks as low as 1. For these experiments, we used a basic policy gradient algorithm with an importance sampling correction; objective=∑tplearnerpsamplerAdvt\text{objective} =\sum_t \frac{p_{\text{learner}}}{p_{\text{sampler}}} Adv_tobjective=∑t​psampler​plearner​​Advt​.See Your Efficient RL Framework Secretly Brings You Off-Policy RL Training We used a GRPO-like centering schemeDeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models (Shao et al, 2024) where we sample multiple completions per problem and subtract the mean reward per group.

      Rank 1 is enough for LoRA when doing RL! Huge computational benefit!

    5. To speed up experiments, we restricted the samples to a length of 8192 tokens for training and evaluation. This sample length allows for backtracking and reasoning but limits the performance, relative to longer chain-of-thought

      Not just matching metrics - behaviors match too further strengthening the claim that LoRA is as robust as Full

    6. For supervised fine-tuning on small-to-medium-sized instruction-tuning and reasoning datasets, LoRA performs the same as full fine-tuning. For datasets that exceed LoRA capacity, LoRA underperforms FullFT. Rather than the loss reaching a distinct floor that it can’t go below, LoRA results in worse training efficiency that depends on the relationship between model capacity to dataset size. In some scenarios, LoRA is less tolerant of large batch sizes than full fine-tuning — it pays a larger penalty in loss as batch size increases beyond some point. This penalty is not mitigated by increasing the LoRA rank; it is a property of the product-of-matrices parametrization, which has different training dynamics than optimizing the original weight matrix. Even in small data settings, LoRA performs better when applied to all weight matrices, especially MLP and MoE layers. Attention-only LoRA underperforms even when we match the number of trainable parameters by using higher rank for attention-only LoRA. LoRA performs equivalently to FullFT for reinforcement learning even with small ranks. We find that RL requires very low capacity, a result we anticipated based on information-theoretical arguments.

      For 2. The fact that training efficiency is worse seems to indicate that we somehow keep on refining the combination of components that we encode to better fit the dataset, but still have the fundamental limitation of not enough directions. For 3, this is not quite understood or explained well, only the throwaway line regarding the product of matrices with no explanation

    7. In supervised learning, we measured log loss rather than employing sampling-based evals, with the same goal of generality in mind. Log loss measurement gives clean results and scaling laws over ranges of training steps and training parameters.

      Rather than focusing on specific samples, this paper looks for generalizable patterns

    8. Learning rates in short and long runs# The typical initialization of LoRA creates an implicit schedule of change in the effective learning rate. This leads to differences between short and long training runs, and some differences in the shape of learning curves compared to FullFT. At the start of training, BBB is initialized to zero. While BBB is very small, changes in AAA have negligible effects on the adapter BABABA which is added to the original network weights. As BBB grows larger, updates to AAA start to have a bigger impact on the network outputs, with the effective learning rate increasing over the course of training as BBB approaches AAA in scale. We found that by the end of the full training runs on the Tulu3 and OpenThoughts datasets, the BBB matrices ended up with larger spectral norms than the AAA matrices. This implies that the optimal LR should be set higher for shorter training runs. Preliminary evidence suggests an optimal multiplier around 15x over the FullFT for short runsBased on anecdotal evidence, the higher multiplier is effective under ~100 steps or so., converging to the aforementioned 10x multiplier for longer runs.

      The LR may be a product of the initialization more so than the inherent properties of the two methods.

    9. LoRA is applied to all layers of the network, especially the MLP/MoE layers which house most of the parameters. LoRA works well when not capacity constrained, i.e., the number of trainable parameters exceeds the amount of information to be learned, which can be estimated in terms of dataset size. When (1) is satisfied, we get similar learning dynamics to FullFT at the very start of training. Then, as per (2), LoRA continues to look like FullFT until we start reaching capacity limits.

      Here remember the "bits" argument for before O(1) for RL, O(tokens) for SFT

    10. One classic observation is that when minimizing log-loss, the total log-loss measured during the first epoch of training provides a measurement of the dataset’s description length. That is, an upper bound for the number of bits required to memorize the dataset. LLM datasets usually have a loss of around 1 bit (0.69 nats) per token, depending on dataset and model size.

      This is the way to estimate information content of your dataset. ~1 bit/token for typical LLM data

    11. Open questions# There are several questions related to our results that we would love to see investigated in the future: Sharpening our predictions of LoRA performance and the precise conditions under which it matches full fine-tuning. We have roughly characterized the regime of equal performance and can estimate the required capacity in terms of tokens or episodes, but we can’t yet make accurate forecasts. Our theoretical understanding of LoRA learning rates and training dynamics is limited. A fuller theory that explains the ratio between LoRA and FullFT learning rates would be valuable. How do LoRA variants such as PiSSAPiSSA: Principal Singular Values and Singular Vectors Adaptation of Large Language Models (Meng, Wang & Zhang, 2024) perform when measured according to the methodology in this article? There are various options for applying LoRA to MoE layers. LoRA users would benefit from an investigation into how well they perform, and how compatible each approach is with methods like tensor parallelism and expert parallelism that are important for large MoE models.

      The capacity predictions are still rough , would want a way to estimate the rank needed given dataaset and model sizes. Would want to better understand the LR to choose more than "10x the one for SFT" + How do you even find the one for SFT in the first place?

    12. The total number of multiply-adds is 2N2+6NR2N^2 + 6NR2N2+6NR. With R≪NR \ll NR≪N, this is slightly more than 23\frac{2}{3}32​ of 3N23N^23N2. If we plotted LoRA performance over FLOPsThis analysis omits FLOPs used for attention, which could be significant in long-context settings. instead of training steps, it would show a clear advantage over FullFT.

      Even beyond the memory and adapter benefits, we have also computational benefits in training

    13. . It seems wasteful to use a terabit of weights to represent updates from a gigabit or megabit of training data. This intuition has motivated parameter efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), which adjusts a large network by updating a much smaller set of parameters.

      This is the core of the paper, we have a mismatch between dataset size and model size whenever we do post training

    1. Show cod

      @Valentin These forest plots are really hard to read, it's so dense without spacing. Let's work together on some ways of making it more informative.

      I'm also puzzled as to why so many papers are shown only one type of rating and not the other. I know that some of our evaluators did not give ratings like this, and in some cases, we didn't even encourage it. But why is it missing for some of the llms? Did it just not have time to finish processing it?

      Maybe it's a display issue? It seems that the papers that were rated highest in terms of these tiers by the human raters did not get rated by the LLMs. Or maybe it just didn't show up in the graph?

    1. Summarize each page in 10 words or LESS.

      Page 1: Day after move, found something in place Stone called garage.

      Page 2: Previous Owner, dead under table, child didn't want to move.

      Page 3: Dirty, trash filled garage; refused task, child scolded by mother.

      Page 4: Yelled out to not go into unsafe garage until checked.

      Page 5: In unfinished garden eating sand which; missing home.

      Page 6: Investigating dirty basement; found man that seemed dead that talked.

      Page 7: His father reminded him no entering the basement, because safety.

    1. LLMs aren’t capable of learning on-the-job, so no matter how much we scale, we’ll need some new architecture to enable continual learning.And once we have it, we won’t need a special training phase — the agent will just learn on-the-fly, like all humans, and indeed, like all animals.This new paradigm will render our current approach with LLMs obsolete.

      Richard Sutton on LLM dev: a) core problem is LLMs can't learn from use. Diff architecture necessary for continual learning b) if you've got continual learning then current big-bang training no longer useful. facit: LLM approach not sustainable and dead end.

    1. If you think about the potential impact of a set of actions on all the people you know and like, but fail to consider the impact on people you do not happen to know, then you might think those actions would lead to a huge gain in utility, or happiness.

      I really like this sentence because it shows one of the biggest flaws in utilitarian thinking—how easy it is to ignore people we don’t personally know. It reminds me that moral decisions often get biased when our data or attention is limited to our own social circle. In real life, this happens all the time online, when algorithms show us information that supports our own views and hide the perspectives of others.

    1. Chapter 1: Michael moves to a new house, finds a strange man.

      Chapter 2: Michael worries, brings food to the weak man secretly.

      Chapter 3: Man eats food, speaks oddly, Michael feels responsible and curious.

    2. pages 1-3: Michael found a mysterious, filthy creature in the abandoned garage. in the new house. a sick baby. and worried parents. pages 4-7: Michael tried to enter the garage, but his mother shouted while being very stressed, worried about the baby, and Michael felt alone. pages 8-11: House renovations stopped. Michael felt lonely, missing his old friends. Michael went back. The strange man sat behind the chests.

    1. Chapter 1 - Michael moves to a new house, finds a strange man.

      Chapter 2 - Michael worries, brings food to the weak man secretly

      Chapter 3 - Man eats food, speaks oddly, Michael feels responsible and curious

    1. Reserve analysis is a project management technique for determining the necessary contingency and management reserves to cover potential risks, uncertainties, and unforeseen changes to a project's budget or schedule

    2. Schedule Network Diagrams – visual representations showing the sequence and dependencies between project activities. They help identify the order of tasks and the project’s critical path.

      Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) – a technique used to create the network diagram by connecting activities with arrows that show their logical relationships.

    Annotators

    1. because first you become familiar with the main areas, then you get to know other areas and eventually all the bits link up and you understand all of it.

      this one hits close to my heart right now as I have just moved down here to eugene and it's the first time Ive really lived in another city. I have to meet new people and leave the old ones behind which is kinda bittersweet.

    1. English has, for better or for worse, become a global language. It is the language of commerce, the language of travel, the language of power.

      My theology teacher talked about this last year, he said the term was "lingua franca" which directly translates to the french language as the time when the phrase was created was the peak of the rench colonial empire. I feel so blessed to have been born an english speaker however it's also hindering me because I feel like it holds me back from learning a second language.

    2. In other words, you might ask what are the “secrets” of polyglots. The simple answer to this question is that they are not wizards or inherently gifted with a language DNA. They are like all of us who equally find language learning overwhelming and are willing to take this challenge

      Someone who is a polyglot has the same motivation for learning one language as they do for all the languages they want to learn. I am not a polyglot and don't want to be one there's really only two languages I want to learn and that is Russian and Spanish. I don't have the same motivation for French and even for Russian as I do fro Spanish I really like Spanish.

    1. Imagine a scenario where a job applicant is judged negatively in an interview based on their regional dialect, despite being highly qualified. This implies that the interviewer holds a standard-language ideologyand we can infer that the interviewee’s dialect is considered less prestigious and professional.

      I am saddened that this really exists. Even though on paper in 2025 we should be so far away from this we are still so deep in the bias and most of the time its unconcious.

    2. Remember that language is a social activity; while it is fine to start with some ‘should-dos’ (some basics ‘rules’ of the language), it is equally important to discover some ‘could-dos’ (creative possibilities for using the language)

      I feel like basic learning of a language should use the should dos but once it gets more advanced its important to learn slang and blend in more with native speakers.

    3. Imagine you are traveling to a different country in a month and you are motivated to learn some basic expressions in order to communicate with people. This upcoming trip will likely motivate you to make more consistent efforts to learn the language than if you were not traveling.

      It will be a lot easier to learn a new language if it's a language you are quite interested in for sure. I am very interested in Spanish and I would want to learn it whereas Russian I think is cool but it isn't cool enough for me

    1. What if someone told you that you couldn’t pick up a paintbrush unless you were already a great artist? What if someone said you could only swim in the pool if you were an Olympic-level swimmer? Or that you couldn’t make pasta in the kitchen because you’re not yet a 5-star chef? You would immediately know that such high standards are ridiculous. Then why do many of us have such fear of learning languages ‘imperfectly’?

      I really understand the concept of this opening chapter pararaph. I feel held back and held down by peoples opinions of me, especially when driving, nobody wanna let me drive them around because im not an F1 racer or something.

    1. Stuff to unpack here, and read the three posts by [[Valdis Krebs]]. [[Stephen Downes]] draws analogy between social and neuronal networks, and suggests same underlying logic. This I think points back to my notion that fully embracing the network metaphor/thinking in tech hasn't happened and would be a valuable path forward out of current upheaval. Social networks etc have a certain symmetry that internet platforms ignore.

    1. WHAT MAKES ACE HAPPY? * Ace * "Teaching the children at home about different emotions and Pibby teaching me how to play fair, especially when I want myself and myself alone to win."

    2. WHAT MAKES GLASSEA HAPPY? * Glassea * "I always like playing peekaboo with those who visit the Larntown beach, especially Bun Bun and Lemon who find me very funny to hang around with!"

    1. flickering

      TIN TIN: * "Sleeping under fur blankets makes me calm and happy for a reason - I like to think back to the days living on that island Jeff visited when I grew up, snuggling against the gentle, furry animals I befriended while out playing in the wild."

    2. the

      TIN TIN: * "It has to be the aftermath of a wild storm, when every single silhouette of a tree, bird or plant appears against the turquoise morning sky. It makes me feel sleepy just watching it, I love the smell of a fresh morning too."

    3. glistening

      TIN TIN: * "It has to be bathing where there's a shower of water in the wild. On excursions during missions with the boys in the jungle, I like to secretly wander off and shower under a waterfall, exposing my skin to the cool serenity of wild water."

    4. bald

      TIN TIN: * "I think the time I was raised by ring tailed lemurs in the wild makes me happy. Those ring tails are so cuddly, their fur is so soft, and I could just picture touching their hands as a way of connecting to who we were before."

    5. his

      ALAN: * "I liked all the curious days of my childhood, when I was very young. I liked to imagine running naked across a meadow, chasing bubbles and butterflies. A sense of curiosity comes from a young age - even me.

    6. muscled

      ALAN: * "I think swimming shirtless in the ocean makes me happy. Wearing only my swimming trunks makes it even better, no one dares to put a barrier between my skin and that cooling seawater - perfect for Summer. Don't you agree?"

    7. powerfully

      ALAN: * "The one thing that makes me happy is how cuddly you looked as a baby and a toddler, and how ticklish you are when my fingers touch your toes. When I tickle them, you burst into shrieks of laughter."

    8. A tall

      TIN TIN: * "I like to picture myself sitting among bamboo trees, meditating, feeling peaceful by myself among the beautiful lush greenery of it all. It helps when a panda comes and cuddles me unexpectedly."

    1. We are also evolving our software stack, including Twine and MAST, to support long-distance training across a geographically distributed set of data centers

      Once DCs span multiple buildings you end up with new OSS to handle scheduling appropriately

    1. These supplements typically contain ingredients such as synephrine, caffeine, creatine, beta-alanine, taurine, and nitric oxide boosters [1,4,5,14]. Some of these components are commonly associated with adverse cardiovascular effects anecdotally and, due to the increasing use of MIPW drinks, this review sought to discuss and present the current knowledge on the safety and efficacy of the use of these products and their effects on cardiovascular outcomes.

      These are the specific components and ingredients in pre workout that lead the heart problems and have lasting effects. The amount needs to be looked out when consuming different products.

    1. likely to be heededmore easily in those who have a more col-lective mind set rather than those morecommitted to a strong individualism.

      Thinking through the lens 'for the good of the many' difficult with increased sense of individualism that being fostered politically and also socially, such as with social media.

    2. . In Australia over theperiod 1998-2004, while there has been a 9%decline in smoking among the lowest quin-tile, the rate of change for the highest socio-economic quintile is 35% (see Table 1). Areasonable conclusion is that anti-smokingmessages have been more successful withbetter off people and, at least temporarily,have increased inequality

      Recent increase to tax. cost of cigarettes could arguably just be a tax on the poor - also implications with increase to illegal cigarette trade, which could impact on security of environment and other SDH for poorer people as well

    3. a zone of complexity thatleads to uncertainty about what works andconsequently to a lack of agreement amongpolicy makers and practitioners

      "Too hard basket" can be a common excuse with policy makers who want to avoid change at both government and organizational level as it is easy to get the lay-person to agree. Finding paths through the complexity is the answer here

    1. A recent Pew Research Center poll highlights the extent of the problem. The majority of Americans now prioritize news sources that align with their political views, effectively allowing the audience to define what constitutes "news."

      Not only that, but people do not get talked out of propaganda by having anyone preach at them or give them dry facts

  2. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. helped Piaget express how thought isthe parts relate to the whole. He proposed that a small set of mental op-erations (mental actions) forms a structure that underlies much of ourthinking, even though this thinking may seem very diverse in content.

      Curious to know how this might influence instructional design

    2. Piaget's simple but revolutionary solution to the problem of episte-mology is that knowledge is a process rather than a state. It is an eventor a relationship between the active knower and the known

      How Piaget conceptualized knowledge

    3. His con-cern with the classical issues in epistemology explains his interest in whatphilosophers traditionally have considered the basic categories of thought:time, space, causality, and quantity. These categories of thought are obviousto an adult but, in Piaget's way of thinking, may not be obvious to children

      This feed into the modern day paradigm war we are battling as researchers. Objective and subjective knowledge

    4. As Piagetviewed it, epistemology is "the problem of the relation between the act-ing or thinking subject and the objects of his experience"

      knowledge construction

    5. It is true I am sociableand like to teach or to take part in meetings of all kinds, but I feel a com-pelling need for solitude and contact with nature. After mornings spentwith others, I begin each afternoon with a walk during which I quietlycollect my thoughts and coordinate them, after which I return to the deskat my home in the country

      One of the unique characteristics of him that made him productive

    6. fascinated with the thought processes that appeared to lead tothe answers, especially the incorrect ones

      Piaget discovered that Learning is a cognitive exercise interacting with the children as they construct the answers..

    7. "Now there can be no awareness of these qualities, hence these qualitiescannot exist, if there are no relationships among them, if they are not,consequently, blended into a total quality which contains them whilekeeping them distinct," and "positive theory of quality taking into ac-count only relationships of equilibrium and disequilibrium among ourqualities"

      I wonder if this quote attempts to summarize about the way Piaget views knowledge construction from positivist point of view where we need to find correlation of behaviors to confirm an objective truth?

    8. Conflicts between his religious and scientific teachings stimu-lated him to read hungrily through Bergson, Kant, Spencer, Comte,Durkheim, and William James, among others

      Just wondering how a person religious values might balance with societal expectation of knowing considering the diverse racial groups in American society

    1. Project? Product? Operation?

      Moodle Migration to Cloud – Project → It’s a project since it’s a one-time initiative with a clear end — moving Moodle from local servers to the cloud.

      Balance Sheet Generation – Operation → This is an operational activity because it’s a recurring task done regularly (e.g., monthly or yearly) as part of ongoing financial processes.

      Uploading of New Content in Website – Operation → Regularly updating a website is an operation since it’s a repetitive, continuous task to maintain current information.

      Updating of IT Systems Inventory – Operation → Keeping the inventory current is operational because it’s part of continuous maintenance work, not a one-time deliverable.

      Electronic Distribution of Report Cards – Operation → This is an operation since it’s a routine process done every grading period, not a temporary or unique effort.

    Annotators

    1. I heard a Fly buzz – when I died –  The Stillness in the Room Was like the Stillness in the Air –  Between the Heaves of Storm –

      Directly going into specifics of what she will be discussing in the poem, especially using the title of her poem helps the reader understand the context behind her works and what she is trying to pursue in her poems.

    1. AI algorithms can analyse tissue samples to predict the progression of diseases such as cancer and help develop personalized treatment plans.

      Artificial intelligence can help make specific treatment plans for different disease. Such as for different types of cancers and the different stages the cancers have developed. Each disease and cancer has its own biological makers. Since they have their own biological makers, they can specific treatments based on these markers. This brings great patient outcomes and can bring better recover stats.

    2. The article will begin by examining the use of AI in healthcare, including its impact on patient care, diagnosis and treatment, and the benefits it brings to medical professionals and patients alike

      This article will show how important Ai has become in healthcare, especially in the diagnostic portion of patient care. Healthcare uses artificial intelligence technology to help with screenings, and treatment plans. This leaves less room for human error in treatment plans since AI would go through many factor that can affect treatment. Such as medication that they take, medical history, family disease history, allergies, and more. It will make patient outcome better and there would be less risk factor of treatment complication.

    3. However, the integration of AI into education presents new challenges, including the potential for cheating. Students may use AI to gain an unfair advantage over their peers, undermining the credibility of the education system.

      While there are many benefits to using AI, it also presents students with the opportunity to misuse it.

    4. AI algorithms can be trained to analyse medical records, identifying errors or potential risks such as misdiagnoses, incorrect treatments, or adverse events. This information can be used to help doctors prevent similar errors from happening in the future.

      AI can protect patients from errors and negligence, promoting a safe healthcare environment.

    5. One of the key benefits of AI in healthcare is the ability to provide personalized health information. By analysing patient data, such as medical histories and lifestyle factors, AI algorithms can provide patients with tailored recommendations for maintaining good health.

      AI can benefit patients by creating personalized healthcare plans based on their medical history.

    6. revolutionize the medical field.

      It definitely does feel like something big in history is happening with AI being a very big and present thing. It feels like there’s about to be really big changes but in a good way that could have the potential of creating and adding to the healthcare.

    7. AI algorithms can also be used to automatically detect lesions in medical images

      This helps so much catch what the human eye maybe can’t at some times. It is such a big modernized equipment that can even help with health related things.

    8. However, there are also concerns regarding the quality of AI-generated questions, unpredictability, lack of creativity, and ethical considerations. The utilization of AI algorithms in question generation can ensure fair, unbiased, and consistent evaluation of medical students' knowledge and skills

      Regardless of the potential of AI in helathcare, there are also flaws in the technology as explained. Even though it can be efficient, it lacks creativity and ethical considerations.

    9. Finally, the use of AI in medical radiology also has the potential to reduce radiation exposure to patients. AI algorithms can be used to optimize imaging protocols and minimize the amount of radiation exposure that patients receive during medical imaging procedures. This has the potential to significantly improve patient safety and reduce the risk of harm.

      AI could also help reduce unnecessary imaging by flagging when a scan might not even be needed, which lowers patient exposure. However, will doctors still have the final say or will this be too much of relying on AI that can make mistakes?

    10. Virtual consultations are another way in which AI is being used to improve the delivery of healthcare. By providing remote medical care, patients can receive medical treatment without having to travel to a healthcare facility. This can be especially beneficial for those who live in remote areas or who have mobility issues.

      I agree with this benefit, but it makes me wonder if all patients have reliable internet access to actually use virtual consultations.

    11. The application of AI in this area has the potential to bring about significant advancements in the accuracy of diagnoses, speed up the diagnostic process, and enhance the overall patient experience.

      This article highlights the potential of AI in the healthcare field. The efficiency in diagnostic processes with accuracy.

    1. هسبريس جهات "سوق الصاغة" .. قلب قديم ينبض بالتجارة بين منافذ الأسواق الفاسية

      Each student write at least two comments Asks two questions related to the text Responds to two questions asked by others

    1. The machine wasn't helpful without the surgeon techniques! Those techniques are still diffused, for free, between the practitioners.

      This peer-to-peer aspect to innovations being essential is wonderful to me. It's really only innovative within a community of practice, without that the machine doesn't solve anything.

    2. Not if the relationship is mutually beneficial and they love each other.

      This is the key to all of this relationship around user innovation and companies! I think a lot of these methods are being used in purely extractive ways and we as consumers and innovators don't always notice. Those who do and speak up are usually ignored.

    3. Not an example of a toolkit, necessarily, but example of a complex task that has been transformed for "normal people"

      This one is interesting because of the advancements of AI in this particular field. Computers are now quite good at this, but they can still get things wrong and rely on humans to verify and validate. How does AI play in the area of user-driven innovation?

    4. "Ok kids, the experts have arrived! To the side now, we will handle it for you!"

      I've been on both sides of this! It's annoying when it happens to you, but also humbling when you finally recognize you've done it to someone else.

    5. Have needs that foreshadow general demand in the marketplace

      This is one of my favorite aspects of attending conferences and working with individuals and teams using products I'm working on who are pushing the edges of the capabilities and frustrated with the limitations. They understand their problems and how to solve them, but just don't have the right tools yet, so they make due with whatever they have. Those almost always indicate there are tons of others in the space with the same problems who just aren't yet able to articulate it clearly enough for a business to hear it and respond.

    1. Standard Typewriter Ribbon Notes for the US:

      Here's a handful of places: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-faq.html#q1 I've really liked ribbons from either Baco or Fine Line, but you can also get them from your local repair shop, who'll appreciate the business more than Amazon will, and it'll help keep them around for when you may need a full overhaul.

      You'll want the Universal spools of 2" in diameter with 1/2" wide ribbon (in Nylon, Silk, or Cotton), but honestly, if you've got original metal spools on your machine, those usually work best, so spool your new ribbon from the cheap plastic spools onto your originals.

      Reply to u/PatriotMike1 at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1nya3bb/looking_for_ribbon_for_this_typewriter/

    1. There is no single path through a socially annotated text, or any text forthat matter.

      This is what I like about social annotations because it seems like there are many ways you can go about them when it comes to reading to help you get the most info possible out of the reading.

    1. things

      So we just going to ignore this typo after the advice to have a friend reread our essay since they not familiar with it or read it backwards... No... Just me... Okay, Carry on...

    1. A focus on outcomes rather than outputs facilitates adaptability.

      Focusing on outcomes rather than outputs means prioritizing the results or impact a project aims to achieve, instead of just the deliverables or tasks completed.

    Annotators

    1. Remember that, in a technical writing course, the proposal assignment serves several purposes: It gives you some experience in writing formal requests. It gets you started planning your major assignment. It gives your instructor a chance to work with you on your project, to make sure you have a viable topic.

      this will give you experience in writing formal requests, planning major assignments and gives your instructor a chance to work on your project with you.

    2. This chapter focuses on the proposal—a type of document that gets you or your organization approved or hired to complete a project, or requests time and resources to study difficult problems.

      This chapter focuses on important documents that get you approved or hired.

    1. The ones who can see the full picture are black and brown staff at the organization, who most white leaders regard as subordinates, and regularly dismiss their ideas and input.

      Equal opportunity is far more than just representation. Having people of color in positions of power means an empathetic lens on issues and solutions. Also, a byproduct of true equal opportunity is actually enacting change for reasons other than incentives or personal growth. It is about allowing voices of people of color to be heard and to create the change needed in the world.

    2. White leaders, all 83 percent of them as the statistic goes, are still refusing to defer to the leadership of people of color, even when their clients are predominantly people of color. Some might compare white nonprofit CEOs to slave masters who considered themselves “good,” only looking after the best interests of the plantation by overseeing labor and resources.

      This was thought provoking to say the least. When considering diversity at the workplace, I have learned to view cultural competency as a necessary standard. I struggle to wrap my head around not seeing the benefit of having people of color in leadership positions at organizations that serve that demographic.

    3. Why does that number increase to 90 percent when it comes to the 315 largest nonprofits in the country? White supremacy.

      It is so interesting to me that this information was identified because it shows the disparity between diversity, representation, and leadership. Is there an alternative reason to explain why 90 percent of these leaders of nonprofits are white-led? Are we looking at other incentives to lead this fact?

    1. A text’s visual appeal matters to the reader, so it should also matter to the writer.

      This shows that the text written should be visually appealing to the reader and writer

    1. It feels as though you have direct access to the world through your senses.

      Quantum mechanics thooo. Does having direct access to something make it real.

    1. “Why d’you have to pay parking at a hospital?” Ethan asks as he hands his dad a spare 50p he finds under the seat. Phil takes it and ruffles his damp hair as a thank you. “Because sometimes things are difficult,” he replies.

      Oh gosh Ethan baby you really are too smart

  3. inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
    1. Objective measures, especially the MINT Sprint 2.0, provided thestrongest single predictors of language dominance and Englishproficiency, while self-report measures were weaker and contrib-uted little or no predictive power in combined models.

      Conclusion #2

    2. The results of this study demonstrated overall superiority of objectiveover self-report measures. The MINT Sprint 2.0 picture naming testwas the single most strongly correlated measure with OPI scores,especially for measuring dominance and balance (confidence inter-vals hardly overlapped with the single most strongly correlated self-report measure).

      The Conclusion: Hypothesis is confirmed - reliable measurement found

    3. The best predictor of OPI dominance scores was the MINT Sprint2.0 dominance score followed by the Spanish H-LDT score, Span-ish category fluency score and least predicted by the letter fluencydominance score

      Measures: Objective (MINT sprint 2.0) performed better than the self-reporting. The hypothesis is being supported by the outcome.

    4. We next ran linear models 1 using forward selection. Forwardselection compared a base model with a full model to select whichpredictors explained a significant amount of variance in thedependent OPI score.

      reasoning with the use of statistics #2

    5. We then ran correlations between the OPI scores from fourcategories (dominance, balance, Spanish and English) and all scoresacross these categories for all the other measures (see Table 2). Forthe MINT Sprint 2.0, we examined correlations between OPI scoresand four MINT Sprint 2.0 sub-measures: first pass accuracy, totalscore accuracy (first plus second pass accuracy), measure of percentresolved pictures in the second pass out of pictures not named in thefirst pass and a first pass efficiency scores (time spent naming inminutes divided by proportion correct answers; Bruyer & Brys-baert, 2011). The first pass and total scores were the most robustlycorrelated with OPI scores

      Reasoning with the use of statistics: being honest and transparent - good for the study

    6. Objective proficiency measures included, besides the OPI, anddescribed in detail the following: (a) a fast administration versionof the MINT, that is, the MINT Sprint 2.0 (Gollan et al., 2023), (b) acategory fluency task, (c) a letter fluency task and (d) a lexicaldecision task (LDT)

      Objective tasks: they are all for different categories of letters, fluency, and lexical decision. This gives the researchers good construct validity.

    7. We recruited80 Spanish–English bilinguals from the undergraduate populationat the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). All participantswere tested via Zoom. Most undergraduates at UCSD learnedSpanish at birth but are English-dominant. To ensure we had atleast some representation in our dataset of different languagedominance profiles,

      Samples: Participants - limits generalizability because of convenience sampling.

    8. The OPI can be considered a gold standard because it has highface validity and is easily adapted for administration in manydifferent languages. However, even though the OPI is arguablythe best way to measure proficiency and degree of bilingualismaccurately, it is rarely feasible to administer in research or clinicalsettings due to time constraints and lack of individuals qualifiedto administer and score an OPI in both languages for bilinguals.This study was designed to determine which brief objectivemeasure(s) of proficiency, already widely used in research andin clinical settings, best predict(s) the gold standard.

      Setting up the aim of the research: self-report vs. OPI - important going forward

    9. Bilingualism can be defined in terms of proficiency, dominance and balance. Proficiencycorresponds to how quickly, accurately and easily a person can retrieve words and other linguisticstructures and the facility of language use across various communicative contexts (Hulstijn,2011). Proficiency spans four modalities: speaking, understanding, reading and writing. Dom-inance corresponds to which language is more proficient, and balance refers to relative profi-ciency in the two languages. This can vary with domain or context and can change over abilingual’s lifetime, depending on their experiences (Birdsong, 2014; Treffers-Daller & Silva-Corvalan, 2016). Among key variables that influence dominance are age of acquisition

      Important constructs: links to cognitive theories on bilingualism

    10. We investigated which objective language proficiency tests best predict the language dominance,balance, English and Spanish proficiency scores relative to Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI)scores (averaged across 5–6 raters). Eighty Spanish–English bilinguals completed OPIs, picturenaming, semantic and letter fluency, lexical decision tests and a language history questionnaire.Except for letter fluency, objective measures explained more variance than self-report variables,which seldom and negligibly improved proficiency prediction beyond objective measures inforward regression models. Picture naming (the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) Sprint 2.0)was the strongest predictor for most purposes.

      Hypothesis: Measures that are objective will give a result better than self-reports.

  4. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Matt Binder. The majority of traffic from Elon Musk's X may have been fake during the Super Bowl, report suggests. February 2024. Section: Tech. URL: https://mashable.com/article/x-twitter-elon-musk-bots-fake-traffic (visited on 2024-03-31).

      From a personal perspective ,as a user and content consumer, this article makes me question how much of what seems “popular” is genuinely . It also makes me want to scrutinize any claims of “viral reach” how many of those views were real?

    2. W3Schools. Python Sets. URL:

      In those W3School, it all include how to use lists, tuples, sets in python. I choose the sets one, which said that A set is a collection which is unordered, unchangeable*, and unindexed. And do not allow duplicate values. Which I learned in class is un-mutable. It can used with dictionary, and clean data in order to have no repeat data. One of the detail in this reference is You can also use len() to check how long is this set. In the set it can contain different data type like string, int or True or False.

    1. Metadata# In addition to the main components of the images, sound, and video data, this information is often stored with metadata, such as: The time the image/sound/video was created The location where the image/sound/video was taken The type of camera or recording device used to create the image/sound/video etc.

      This part got me thinking about how much invisible information we leave behind online. When I post a content, I usually only consider the image or video itself, not embedded details like the time, location, or device used. This metadata can easily be used to track or identify individuals, raising serious privacy and security concerns. So I am wondring if most social media users realize that deleting a post doesn't necessarily remove this hidden data.

    1. Is the quantum wave function real?  What does it mean to say that it’s real?

      Yes. Particles behave as waves until observed in a manner that directly causes it to collapse.

    2. How does quantum mechanics bear on the age-old philosophical debate between materialism and idealism?  Does it tip the scale in either direction?

      Quantum mechanics tip the debate to idealism, especially with concepts such as uncertainty and consciousness affecting reality. Quantum mechanics has a place for idealism.

    3. if you measure it twice, within a short span of time, you will find that it has the same value.

      Because the first measurement collapsed the wavefunction, so subsequent measurements will come to the same result in the case of a particle's eigenstate.

    4. the world of our perception is just a projection of an incredibly high dimensional configuration space.

      Like video game code, and what we see is the projection of the code

    5. Bohmian mechanics also postulates the existence of a hidden field that guides the particle configurations

      Pilot-wave theory. There is a wave that guides particles.

    6. But why treat particle configurations as special? One reason for thinking that particle configurations are always determinate is our eyes seem to tell us that this is the case!

      Why is knowing the specific position of particles so important to us? Because our eyes, what we see, is what is perceived as "real."

    7. Why would an electron have a state of motion, but not have a position?

      But only for that moment that is measured. Have they measured the same electron for another metric?

    8. So how are we to reconcile the fact that sometimes the electron doesn’t have a position with the fact that, whenever we look, it does have a position?

      It's like our brain uses something beyond frequency but the idea like a radio. It can tune into what it seeks to find.

    9. Whenever a conscious observer tries to determine the position of the electron, she will always finds that it does indeed have a position.

      Because we are tuned into that measurement.

    10. We’re saying that if the electron has some position, then it does not have any state of motion.

      So for every discrete moment, an electron is limited to what type of measurement it can be. A snapchat. But the next moment can it be a different type, right?

    11. There doesn’t seem to be any direct analogy between quantum reality and the reality we perceive with our senses.

      How about what's in between a person blind from birth and a person who was blind but now they see. The latter, although can no longer perceive sight, has knowledge of what is sight. Whereas the former has never had perception of sight. How you do explain to one who is blind how it is to see. By attempting to use sound, right--by taking, that is? So same in quantum mechanics. How do we know what we don't see? Well, let's see if another signal can give us insight.

    12. And we already knew that we are made of things that are too small for our eyes to see.

      We can't see things too small or not within the visible light spectrum for humans.

    1. Open Structures, Constructs and Collaboration

      Not just Open Source

      but Open Sauce

      con-structs/stellations for

      • One Player-first
      • born Multi Player
      • cascades of scaling

      where computer support for individual work - is itself considered to be born collaborative, - where 1 player collaborates with their past selves

      born InterPersonal

      • In-fo/fra-structures

      that constitute and support - local-first -Web/Browser Native - InterPlanetary - Permanent - Evergreen

      named massive multiplayer

      • social networked dedicated Colaboratories for
      • individuals their connections and everyone who encounters their work and able to connect and have conversations that are continupus wihout being synchrionous and contiguous with the particiants entire work spaces

      • communities

      and networks of networks of those

    1. Taking a side or position on a controversial science issu

      I feel like this would be very easy to spark conversation in kids. They are very set in their ways and typically not scared to voice their opinions of what they think is right. The struggle would be to teach them that everyone’s opinions matter and how to disagree politely.

    2. Facilitating Meaningful Oral Discussion in the Science Classroom

      You could do this in many different ways. My first thought comes to think-pair-share or small group discussions before talking to the whole class. Randomized calling after a discussion has a better chance for participation in a non threatening way. You could also have students do sentence starters.

    3. Table 6.3 Scientific Design Principles for Multilingual Learner

      I feel like this goes for every student, not just ELL learners. This could go for general ed students or even special education. Science in the classroom should revolve around student curiosity and discoveries.

  5. k51qzi5uqu5dgvbh9nhvfhg4g87zx7m6n9tl1l51mr6y978nitqq344e2bvmjm.ipns.dweb.link k51qzi5uqu5dgvbh9nhvfhg4g87zx7m6n9tl1l51mr6y978nitqq344e2bvmjm.ipns.dweb.link
    1. Open Structures, Constructs

      Weaving the Personal First interpersonal IndyWeb of

      Open Sauce con-structs/stellations for Person-first InterPersonal In-fo/fra-structures that constitute and support local-first WebNative InterPlanetary Permanent Evergreen named massive multiplayer social networked dedicated Colaboratories for individuals and communities

    1. If your scope isn’t clear, then readers will constantly wonder when you’ll address the larger topic–or even assume you simply forgot to do it.

      If your scope isnt clear readers get confused. They will constantly wonder when youll adress the main topic.

    1. I will also add that for a military which has, for at least the last 165 years, distinguished itself by winning its wars through relentlessly superior logistics and organizing, the emphasis on chasing the mirage of ultra-masculine ‘strong men’ super-soldiers (at the expense of logistics, organizers and bureaucrats) strikes as almost absurdly historically illiterate. The United States military has spent more than the last century and a half mopping the floor with manly-man armies, be they the Flower of Southern Chivalry1 or the Nazi Übermenschen. Where it has failed (Afghanistan, Vietnam) it has not been fighting armies of body-builders but scrappy, under-fed, foreign-supported forces willing to be tactically and politically flexible, like a smaller boxer waiting for a larger one to ‘punch himself out.’

      interesting emphasis!

    1. disciplines but also for navigating the complexities of daily life.

      Academic and studying skills can be applied to more than just educational situations, and that's why they're important skills to have. Problem solving skills and learning strategies can be applied to work life and everyday life, as well as academic life.

    2. ensuring one does not take information at face value. Instead, it prompts individuals to ask: "Why is that true? Why is that right? Why is this the only option?". This analytical approach is vital for establishing validity in any given situation.

      This is important for me because a lot of times we just assume what any teacher tells us is correct, but going deeper to understand the topic is important because the teacher might not always be right. Its important to understand something beyond the surface and to ask questions to totally know what is going on. it helps for us to understand other things too.

    1. HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME

      This line can be read in two ways (at least). On a first pass—at least this was very much the case for me—it reads with “please” as an adverb, as it is often used in requests or questions. There is a problem then with “its” which is read as “it’s” as in “it is time.” But this error feels fitting—the repetition of the line and its formatting in all caps create a sense of urgency, a rush from which this mistake could ensue. It feels that punctuation has been omitted in a similar fashion.

      But “its” could also be read as is, in which case it is a possessive pronoun—“time” belongs to “it.” “Please” is then an imperative verb. I am leaning towards this reading, as it feels slightly hidden (quite Eliot-like), and plays into the question of agency I have been exploring in a number of my annotations.

      So what is the “it”? I think “it” refers to some greater force, power, or overarching structure, and here it feels clear that this is the game of chess—which is often played with time constraints.

      Chess appears to be ruling this section of the poem, especially the parts pertaining to women. I find chess very interesting in that, in looking at its set-up, it is suggested that the queen, as the most powerful piece (being able to move as she does), should be the most secure. Yet the rules define winning as capturing the king. The queen’s role is one of sacrifice, to protect the king, and in doing so almost always meets her demise. The women referenced in “A Game of Chess” follow this arc. They hold the immense power of “love,” but somehow this is, in each case, twisted to serve men and then lead to their death. It seems that Lil will meet a similar end, with the last line on page 59 being a reference to (some of) Ophelia’s last words (where she is speaking about herself?). The ties to Middleton’s A Game at Chess and its sexual interpretations of the game link these two ideas more firmly.

      In Pound’s The Game of Chess there is a pattern of lines on the page that repeats four times. It is a sequence of one line and then the line below it being indented (a couple times?). The space, notably, forms a clear “angle” and an uppercase “l” if rotated 180°. This pattern/spacing, even exaggerated a bit, is replicated twice with lines 117-120 in “A Game of Chess.” This stands out against the formatting up to this point. Now the section is physically fitting into “the game.”

      Eliot made the title “A Game of Chess”—not “The Game of Chess” (Pound) or “A Game at Chess” (Middleton). “A Game of Chess” feels more open and less defining than “The Game of Chess.” There is some room. But “A Game at Chess” feels more action-oriented. As always with Eliot, I feel there is back-and-forth.

    2. Burning burning burning burning O Lord Thou pluckest me out O Lord Thou pluckest 310 burning

      In these stanzas, Eliot combines the burning of the “Fire Sermon Discourse" with Augustine’s confessions: effectively combining Christianity and Buddhism, and more largely eastern and western thought. “Burning” is a reference to the overwhelming nature of “passion, aversion, delusion, and suffering. The goal of the Buddha is freedom from “attachement” and deliverance of “depravities” (all tied to the humanness of the five senses and the mind), thus freeing them from the state of a “burning” mind, reaching “arahantship.” The repetition of the word “burning,” in this context compiles the preceding stanzas and references, begging for a rest from the overwhelming overextension of information – begging God or the readers for a second of mercy, for a respite from the polluted hellish landscape that defines “The Waste Land.” The lines “O Lord Thou pluckest me out/O Lord Thou pluckest” are a direct quote from Augustine’s confession 10.34.53, where he discusses the temptation of pride, even though God is the one true way. He says that “O Lord, Thou pluckest me out; because Thy loving-kindness is before my eyes” to showcase how vision and humanity are products of The Lord’s work, and, thus, humanity owes their creations and beauties to the Lord. In this line, by saying “Thy loving-kindness is before my eyes,” Augustine devalues the visual, instead suggesting that the only things that he must see and follow are the words of God. Similarly, The Blessed One in the Fire Sermon says that “‘The eye, O priests, is on fire…eye-conciousness is on fire,” also giving the sense that our senses (particularly the visual) are unimportant, and the only way to reach true spirituality is to forgo them. These details about vision, or the lack thereof, inexplicably tie these lines all the way back to the speaker of The Waste Land, “Tiresias,” who was blind and had been both male and female, giving him the power of the prophecy. Just like Tiresias, who lived between two ( seen as opposing) sexes, these two ideologies from eastern and western thought differ in ideology. However, the solace from the division is the opposite of our humanity and our vision. To unite humanity, we must relinquish that which makes us so, embracing divinity and the word of our gods, though they may present differently across cultures.

    3. To Carthage then I came

      Eliot's choice to directly quote Augustine's confession, "To Carthage then I came," brings forth the full context of that arrival, where Carthage is described as a place "where there sang all around me in my ears a cauldron of unholy loves." This directly relates to what Eliot has been showing throughout the poem, the degraded, mechanical relationships between men and women in the Wasteland. Just as Carthage corrupted Augustine to the point where his "soul was sickly and full of sores," the disesed relationships in The Wasteland also cause spiritual corruption, Eliot then follows with the repetition "Burning burning burning burning," directly referencing the Buddha's Fire Sermon, "With the fire of passion, say I, with the fire of hatred, with the fire of infatuation; with birth, old age, death, sorrow, lamentation, misery, grief, and despair are they on fire." Eliot's use of the fire insists that the people in the Wasteland haven't distanced themselves from their senses, and as a result they suffer. Eliot then uses another of Augustine's confessions, "O Lord Thou pluckest me out." Here Augustine admits that even though he recognizes how "those beautiful patterns which through men's souls are conveyed into their cunning hands, come from that Beauty, which is above our souls, which my soul day and night sigheth after," he still finds himself entangled in outward beauties, and needs God's mercy to repeatedly pull him free. By placing these two voices together, Buddha and Augustine, Eliot is suggesting that the people in The Wasteland are in need of saving. Regardless of the solution, whether it's distancing from their burning senses or God coming to pluck them. They must be saved from their unholy behavior.

    1. the reckoning with GenAI in writing education has been especially fraught

      Yes! There is a ton of research on how AI impacts/helps/supports/hinders writing - the other skills are not nearly as extensively studied.

    1. The complete citation information (in the format the assignment requires) A summary or paraphrase of the contents of the source in your words The direct quotations you may end up using (with page or paragraph numbers) Additional strategy notes about how you plan to use the source

      What is required in a citation.

    1. Although our role continues to evolve, the principles that guide our work are unchanged. Everything that we do must be honest, unbiased and unflinchingly fair. We deal with facts that are demonstrable, supported by sources that are reliable and responsible.

    1. Journalism seeks and imparts information and ideas that are crucial to the publicinterest. That role – of truth-teller and watchdog – sometimes conflicts with variouspublic and private interests, including those of sources, governments, advertisers and,on occasion, our employers. However, ethical journalism does not give favouredtreatment to those influences. It remains independent in service of the public interest.

    1. However, most societies do not value creative thinking and so our skills in generating ideas rapidly atrophies, as we do not practice it, and instead actively learn to suppress it11 Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Society, culture, and person: A systems view of creativity. Springer Netherlands. . That time you said something creative and your mother called you weird? You learned to stop being creative. That time you painted something in elementary school and your classmate called it ugly? You learned to stop taking creative risks. That time you offered an idea in a class project and everyone ignored it? You must not be creative. Add up all of these little moments and where most people end up in life is possessing a strong disbelief in their ability to generate ideas

      I agree with the idea that our society actively works to suppress creativity. This affirms my perspective that we often prioritize getting the right answers rather than thinking creatively in order to get a range of answers for a question. I think this because we, inherently, as humans think of things in black and white. If something isn't the "right" or "correct" idea, it is simply wrong. In reality, these answers may not be wrong and may just be different. Through my own experiences at school, I've seen how people are quick to shut down the idea generation process to just skip ahead to the solution. Especially with generative AI now, we're outsourcing our thinking. This is harmful because we need to be able to think. If we can't think, we can't create.

    1. Q2: What is the value of var2 after the following code executes?

      The values of a variable can change throughout the code. In this case, var2 holds 2 values, but whatever is the most recent value is the value that will get assigned to that variable

    1. The variable name 76trombones is illegal because it begins with a number. The name more@ is illegal because it contains an illegal character, @. But what’s wrong with class? It turns out that class is one of Python’s keywords. The interpreter uses keywords to recognize the structure of the program, and they cannot be used as variable names.

      these are wrong because one of the variables start with a number values/digit which violates the varible assignment rule

      The second variable is flagged and in violation because it contians an illegal charcter which is the @ sign

      The last variable "class" fooled me, but it this violates the variable rules because the term class is one of PYTHONS keywords!!! the interperater uses keywords to recognize the sturtues of the program --> therefore NONE of python's keywords can be used as variable names

    1. If students feel uncomfortable, allow them to leave. If they feel coerced into the conversation, then they are likely to withdraw from the conversation or guard closely what they say.

      What are other ways an educator can support a student to not make the student feel that their feeling are not relevant to the topic!?

    1. Each one would use different language and syntax to describe the concept, and as each student makes individual choices in language and syntax over a period of time, their readers will eventually associate those choices with particular writers — their unique writing accumulates to create an authorial voice.

      Presenters with different dialect and choice of words create their own style of speaking

    1. Moreover, the results revealed that the integration of a competitive element had a substantial impact on enhancing learners’ intrinsic motivation to develop their English language skills using LINE ChatBot.

      LINE ChatBot and motivation.

    1. That shouldn't be a surprise: It's exactly how nature works. Evolutiondoesn't linger on past failures, it's always building upon what worked. Soshould you.

      For me, this page from the book reminded me of the book Think Again.

    1. One region, the binding region, depicts locations at which the electron exerts a net binding effect on the new nuclei. Outside of this, in the antibinding region, the electron will actually work against binding.

      Bonding and antibonding electrons are denoted by their tendency to occupy a physical space that creates a repulsive effect between the electron and the hybridized orbitals, i.e. perpendicular or in larger molecules, areas that "push some functional groups or atoms away from the center of the molecule." This means that electrons must be considered as one piece of the electromagnetic binding forces. For practical purposes, understanding molecular geometry, hybridization, and resonance will help to comprehend the reactive properties of chemicals.

  6. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. We dug in. We ace everything there was to eat on the cable.We ate like there was no tomorrow. We didn't talk. We ace.We scarl'ed. We grazed chat table. We were into serious eating.The blind man had right away located his foods, he knew justwhere everything was on his place. I watched'wich admirationas he used his knife and fork on the meat. He'd cue two piecesof. meat, fork the meat into his mouth, and then go all outfor the scalloped potatoes, the beans next, and then he'd tearoff a hunk of buttered bread and eat chat. He'd follow chis upwith a big drink of milk.

      This paragraph is very interesting that the narrator says that the feast is so many but the ambience is empty.

    2. On her last day in the office, the blindman asked if he could touch her face. She agreed to this. Shetold me he touched his fingers to every part of her face, hernose---even her neck!

      I was surprised that the man has touched the woman’s face and even her neck. If I were the woman, I wouldn’t let the man touch it.

    1. Ethnic identity formation is an interactive process by which individuals engage with community members and others in society (Svensson, Berne, and Syed Citation2018). Identity formation begins at birth and continues throughout one's lifespan (Erikson Citation1994). Ethnicity is the product of shaping and reshaping ethnic and cultural activities of the place of origin that define one’s culture and identity.

      TERMS: * Ethnic identity formation * identity formation * ethnicity

    2. Enculturation is a lifelong and the most essential process that makes a person a social and cultural being. It is the degree to which a person adheres to the values and behaviours of an indigenous or ethnic culture (Del Prado and Church Citation2010).

      TERMS: * enculturation

    3. At present, the aspiration for higher education abroad has encouraged many Malayalee youths to find slots in educational institutions in North America, Europe, various regions of Asia, Australia, etc. (Zachariah and Sebastian Citation2016).

      High rates of youth leaving kerala

    1. "She shot out from the back bedroom with a howl, was through the living room and up into my arms, leaping up onto me, her arms locked around my neck, her legs wrapped around my waist, 95 pounds that felt no more than 30. She was crying into my hair, squeezing her legs tighter. It was not a greeting as much as it was a claim: She was staking out this spot on my chest as her own, and I was to hold her for as long as she wanted to stay." Observation: Ann Patchett recounts years of caretaking for Lucy — helping her recover from surgeries, managing finances, and emotionally supporting her through depression and addiction. Interpretation: This highlights a feminist issue of emotional labor, especially in female friendships. Ann gave more than companionship — she carried Lucy when the systems failed her. Connection: Feminist criticism often looks at how women are expected to care for others, even at the cost of their own well-being. Ann’s role brings attention to how friendship between women can become a form of unpaid emotional work.

    1. What do you think is the responsibility of tech workers to think through the ethical implications of what they are making?

      I believe the goal for tech workers is to develop technology safely. It seems like there is a slippery slope that we are inching closer than ever towards. At this point where we have, as Kumail Nanjiani mentions, altering videos that could affect the reputation of public figures. The goal of tech workers should be to create the technology at a rate that is beneficial towards society while preventing any type of danger faced. An example of this could be harvesting materials such as wood, the goal should be to replenish the trees that are being garnered by lumber companies and machines.

    1. "Mai Xia and I chatted "If I ,now," she told me "I' H . were,n t Hmong, I'd be finishing college· m mong and Im a mother."By February Mai Xia had quit her · ob L · . .before Georgina was born, Mai Xia cal/ed. o:' Iron. In Apnl, six weeks the ca l endar, counting but not th d agam. S he had been watchmg she figured, must have 'fin1·s h d l e ] ay bs to delivery. Her old girlfriends, S e co ege y now.he was twenty-three years old." **Observation: Sue Murphy Mote had direct access to Mai Xia Cha and could ask questions about culture, family, and values. Patchett wrote about Lucy from lived experience and memory. Interpretation: While Mote’s portrayal feels more “objective” or researched, Patchett’s account is deeply emotional and intimate. This reflects two types of storytelling: one as a journalist/observer and one as a participant. Connection: This reflects a larger feminist discussion about how women’s lives are recorded — through emotional truth (like memoirs) or cultural/historical documentation (like ethnography). Both are valid but serve different purposes in feminist literature. **

    1. The PBS series, Tending The Wild, reveals the environmental knowledge of Native people across California and explores how they have actively shaped and tended the land for millennia, developing a deep understanding of plant and animal life. This documentary series reveals the balance between nature and how traditional practices can inspire a new generation of Californians to live sustainably within their environment.

      It sounds like Native Americans were some of the original proponents of sustainability. That seems like more of a buzzword these days as many organizations, hotels, restaurants, etc. talk about saving water, recycling paper or reducing carbon footprints. It seems many tribes only used resources from the earth when absolutely necessary and even then they used as much of the animal or resource as possible, discarding as a little as possible.

    2. Indigenous ways of knowing refers to the way of knowing that a band or tribe of people accumulates over generations of living in and experiencing a specific environment, resulting in them making sense of their world. Indigenous ways of knowing inform decision-making about fundamental aspects of day-to-day life.

      This explanation of "Indigenous ways of knowing" is helped by the real-life example offered from one of the several hundred tribes present in the United States. Being able to explain the origin story of your people seems to be a common thread across humanity. Indigenous ways of knowing also seems to connect past, present, and future in ways that protect the people, plants, animals and planet from destruction.

    1. So all data that you might find is a simplification. There are many seemingly simple questions that in some situations or for some people, have no simple answers, questions like:

      I really agree of what it said, since like in 4.2.3, if we search and turn something into data we might lose some specific details or background of the data. All we want is to let it turn into simple. When I ask the question of what country are I am from, I will answer that I am from China Chongqing, However, I lived Beijing for 13 years, and now I study in Seattle US. I spend more time in places other than Chongqing which is my hometown. If it turn into data, it might just include China. When I answer the question like how many people live in this house, I will said three people. But I will say more about our room like, it is 4b2b, however one of the student just leave and there is no more people come in, so it turn into 3b2b. But the data might just include 3. For the question how many words in this chapter, the data might just include a number, however, as for me I will introduce more content of each parts.

    1. Student activism focused attention on the inequity evident in the low enrollment and success rates of Black, Chicano, Asian American and American Indian students on college campuses as well as the lack of coverage of these core groups within the college curriculum.

      I'm glad that the movement for Ethnic Studies (and Native American Studies within it) was inclusive to groups that are often overlooked or underrepresented. The horrors of colonization should be discussed in the context of history. The goal moving forward should be to acknowledge this harm and continue trying to make things right especially when treaties are still being broken, the horrors of the missions are barely being revealed, and the Indigenous are still trying to guard the sanctity of the earth from fracking and pollution.

    2. It is imperative that faculty, staff, administrators and students at your college know whose tribal land you occupy to recognize local tribal sovereign rights to the land in order to begin the work to decolonize your campus and community.

      I work in a college environment. I make a point to request a land acknowledgement at the beginning of events and meetings and that we are intentional on any harm we might perpetrate against the humans who originally occupied the land, the animals and plans that occupy the land, and the land itself.

    1. All presidents have lived in the White House. (Major premise) George Washington was president. (Minor premise) George Washington lived in the White House. (Conclusion)

      My philosophy class touched on this last unit, we talked about how you can have arguments that have no logical meaning, but are sound or unsound.

    2. Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices: secretaries, business men and women, military and federal workers, moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge—huge structures collapsing have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness, and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation. Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America.

      Terrorist attacks usually aim to strike fear, and cause destruction and pain, and they succeed in the pain and destruction, but generally they fail when it comes to causing fear. They solidify the country and cause patriotism and strength to blossom despite tragedy.

    1. Ignore your mental and physical health needs. If you feel you are on an emotional rollercoaster and you cannot find time to take care of yourself, then you have most likely ignored some part of your mental and physical well-being. What you need to do to stay healthy should be non-negotiable. In other words, your sleep, eating habits, exercise, and stress-reducing activities should be your highest priorities.

      I loved this point, education is important, but you can't truly learn much or do your best when you aren't taking care of yourself too. It's easy to overlook these things; they might seem small or insignificant, but these are our needs, and even neglecting the smallest thing can throw our entire system off. Taking care of yourself and your needs is so important, and I'm so happy that they brought this out.

    1. You’ve just bought a brand-new appliance. Maybe it’s a sleek, modern refrigerator, a high-efficiency washing machine, or a powerful new oven. The box arrives, and you’re excited to get it running. You think, “How hard can it be? I’ll just install it myself and save some money.”

      Need dishwasher repair services in Sydney? Best Repairs offers quick diagnostics, skilled technicians, and reliable fixes to restore your appliance and prevent damage

    1. Even if the person arguing is hypocritical, they may still be making a sound argument.

      The argument assumes that hypocrisy only raises suspicion and not refutation. We may wonder whether hypocrisy sometimes directly undermines credibility.

    2. But it's popularity does not prove its validity.

      The author is saying the assumption that popularity equals truth, then dismantles it. The argument is based on the idea that popularity never proves validity, but this is not entirely true.

    3. An appeal to a shared identity that is not really shared or an appeal to a shared value that the writer does not really hold is certainly a breach of trust.

      The argument assumes that audiences will always notice when appeals to shared identity are insincere.

    4. Here are three questions to ask about the legitimacy of any appeal to trust: Does the attempt to get the reader to trust suggest an idea that is not logical or not true?

      This piece clearly articulates the case that not all appeals to trust are legitimate.It gives readers three guiding questions.

    1. Choose a topic that is current. Not current. People should use seat belts. Current. People should not text while driving. Choose a topic that is controversial. Not controversial. People should recycle. Controversial. Recycling should be mandatory by law. Choose a topic that meaningfully impacts society. Not as impactful. Superman is the best superhero. Impactful. Colleges and universities should adopt zero-tolerance bullying policies. Write a thesis statement that is clearly argumentative and states your stance. Unclear thesis. Homeschooling is common in the United States. Clear, argumentative thesis with stance. Homeschooling does not provide the same benefits of traditional education and should be strictly monitored and limited.

      Choosing a topic that has already been discussed, is obvious, or is only impactful for a small group is difficult to persuade because the audience won't stay interested. Also, not on topic, but as someone who was previously homeschooled, it gave me more opportunities to grow than any public school would.