It looks like touching objects "manually" versus "in cascade through belongs_to association" does not result in the same behavior.

passthrough

Game Saves After completion of each level

Been seeing this comment copy/pasted everywhere it's pathetic what people will do for thumbs up/awards on reviews, be original and make your own review. If you guys need proof go and look at NVL reviews, I saw it on another game a few weeks ago too.

This game gives me anger issues when i can't complete a level. And doing that over and over again is not good for your health. If you like having anger issues get the game.

It's the king of game that made you wonder how it got approved. $5 for this could almost be called "stealing". I bought it for $1, and it feel way too much for this.

Like a lot of reviews I write, I hope to come back to add on to this and embellish.

Right now it's a matter of getting brass tacks up front and hopefully helping Feel-A-Maze get noticed.

I admit I'm biased, having bought this game for fifty cents at the time I did. I also have a general love of mouse movement-based games, and find other options in the way of gaming, Steam and otherwise, underwhelming in supply.

It's free to play on iOS

We can imagine "CORONA NERVT!" in all languages ​​and countries. Since the card text is targeting topics from Germany and that gives our Game its charm, we didn't want to make a multilingual version. All players should find themselves in the game. So if you want to publish a version for another country, get in touch with us.

$ ./my_script Will end up in STDOUT(terminal) and /var/log/messages $ tail -n1 /var/log/messages Sep 23 15:54:03 wks056 my_script_tag[11644]: Will end up in STDOUT(terminal) and /var/log/messages

That's true although it depends on intentions. My approach is to always create a unique and timestamped log file. The other is to append. Both ways are 'logrotateable'. I prefer separate files which require less parsing but as I said, whatever makes your boat floating :)

exec &> >(tee -a "$log_file")

exec &> >(tee -a "$log_file") echo "This will be logged to the file and to the screen" $log_file will contain the output of the script and any subprocesses, and the output will also be printed to the screen.

>(...) starts the process ... and returns a file representing its standard input. exec &> ... redirects both standard output and standard error into ... for the remainder of the script (use just exec > ... for stdout only). tee -a appends its standard input to the file, and also prints it to the screen.

May be the answer looks the same, but it was not the same question.

Write stderr and stdout to a file, display stderr on screen (on stdout) exec 2> >(tee -a -i "$HOME/somefile.log") exec >> "$HOME/somefile.log" Useful for crons, so you can receive errors (and only errors) by mail

But this answer does do exactly what is needed by some people who googled for this. And for that, we thank you.

I just wanted to point out that the syntax is not supported by the POSIX standard and thus won't universally work in /bin/sh scripts (many people erroneously use bash syntax in /bin/sh scripts)

exec > >(tee "$HOME/somefile.log") 2>&1

Why your original solution does not work: exec 2>&1 will redirect the standard error output to the standard output of your shell, which, if you run your script from the console, will be your console. the pipe redirection on commands will only redirect the standart output of the command.

stunning HD retro-style graphics

Once more we see greedy mobile devs trying to scam PC gamers. On Steam, this is an insane $15 USD, on app stores, it's free. Mobile devs must learn PC gamers are not here to be gouged, and can't be expected to pay a premium for a free mobile app just because it's been lazily dumped on Steam. This is unacceptable disrespect for PC gamers.

This gem uses a Rack middleware to clear the store object after every request, but that doesn't translate well to background processing with Sidekiq. A companion library, request_store-sidekiq creates a Sidekiq middleware that will ensure the store is cleared after each job is processed, for security and consistency with how this is done in Rack.

Please do not directly email any Sidekiq committers with questions or problems. A community is best served when discussions are held in public.

I also sell Sidekiq Pro and Sidekiq Enterprise, extensions to Sidekiq which provide more features, a commercial-friendly license and allow you to support high quality open source development all at the same time.

but after four or so years, it just feels like it ought to be better.

Eine wunderschön in Szene gesetzte Geschichte mit abwechslungsreichen Puzzle-Elementen in einer liebevoll gestalteten und mit grandioser musikalischer Untermalung verfeinerten Spielwelt. Leider nur in Englischer Sprache (deutsche Untertitel), diese aber in sehr guter Qualität. Ein Bisschen kurz vielleicht, aber in seiner Umsetzung so rund und geschliffen, dass die Spieldauer meines Erachtens nur ein geringes Manko darstellt. Wer Spiele im Graphic-Novel-Stil mit individueller Graphik und herzerwärmenden Geschichten mag, darf Figment nicht verpassen.Definitive Empfehlung! (ggf. im Sale)

What will you do if your country would be under attack by bandits? You will surely transform into a super robot , isn't it?

Sorry that the site is slow/unstable right now! I'm working on fixing it! -Michael

Don’t replace words with emojis One thing you definitely don’t want to do is have your emojis get in the way of people being able to comprehend your subject lines. Emojis should be a complement to the words in your subject lines – they should never replace words themselves. It’s when people leave out words, right?

The use of U+212B 'Angstrom sign', which was encoded due to round-trip mapping compatibility with an East-Asian character encoding, is discouraged, and the preferred representation is U+00C5 'capital letter A with ring above', which has the same glyph.

It should be defined inline. If you are using the img tag, that image should have semantic value to the content, which is why the alt attribute is required for validation. If the image is to be part of the layout or template, you should use a tag other than the img tag and assign the image as a CSS background to the element. In this case, the image has no semantic meaning and therefore doesn't require the alt attribute. I'm fairly certain that most screen readers would not even know that a CSS image exists.

They cause completely different behavior for auto margins. If you have a fixed element for example with top/bottom/left/right set to zero and you stick an image in it you want to center wrapped in a div, then in order to center that div with auto margins, you MUST specify a CSS width/height, because specifying an HTML attribute width/height has no effect and the margins remain zero. I have no idea why the difference exists.

Whether to specify in html or css is best judged on individual circumstances. A large number of images of the same size would probably be best served with css, a single image with html. That said, if you are specifying other styles for the image (border colour, style or radius, float etc) it would make sense to add width & height to the css.

From a practical point of view it's highly desirable to specify them to prevent page reflows as mentioned above. However those suggesting it should be in the html because of this are missing the fact browsers use css when building the page initially. If they didn't the page would have to be redrawn for floated elements, specified padding, margins etc.

Obviously there are practical reasons for using px for images. However keeping images in px would seem to negate the argument for not using them.

I think that depends on HOW you are using the attribute. If you're styling multiple images within a list or table so that they lay out correctly, then put the width/height in your CSS to avoid the need to add another set of tags to every image in the list. Use something like ul.gallery img: { width:117px; } On the other hand, if you are inserting an image into some content and it needs to be a certain size to make the document flow properly, then put it in the HTML. That way you don't have to muck up the style sheet for each different image in the html. And this way, if you change the content to a different image, of remove the image all together, you don't have remnants of code scattered in your CSS to remember to delete.

Neither question nor answer appears to understand the notion of semantic HTML. Height and width are presentational attributes regardless of where you put them. For semantics we establish what the image means to content in the alt tag. I don't remember why it was so important to width/height in the HTML but I suspect it was in case you hit browsers without CSS rendering. It's not a semantics issue. If anything it thwarts separation of concerns to a degree.

If anything it thwarts separation of concerns to a degree.

It's not a semantics issue.

Ah yes, excactly the right answer. Img tags are for information, css backgrounds are for layout.

CSS seems like the right place to put visual information. On the other hand, few would argue that image "src" should not be specified as an attribute and the height/width seem as tied to the binary image data as the "src" is.

What's the "correct" semantic way to specify image height and width? In CSS... width:15px; or inline... <img width="15" ?

(Yes, I realize from a technical, end-user perspective this really doesn't matter.)

the double bind faced by every politician: responding to scurrilous charges only gives them unwarranted publicity; not responding to such charges is often interpreted as an admission of guilt

You should always specify the height and the width of an image if only to help the browser lay the page out even before the image has been downloaded.

use the width (and the height) attribute....to identify the intrinsic height of the image file, not to specify the desired layout size

According to Google (not that they are the end all of browser knowledge)

as it stands, this only goes to highlight what a miracle, what a classic for the ages Actraiser really is, whilst confirming itself as, unfortunately, one to avoid.

Graceful Explosion Machine is the gaming equivalent of empty calories. It's pretty to look at, super smooth, and has some interesting weapons, but there's no real hook to keep you sustained beyond the act of moving around and blowing up aliens.

Game looks great, ignore the 1 score review. Disgruntle co worker, perhaps? Perhaps a jealous fellow pupil... When all ither reviews are 7 or more and there's one review with a 1 score and a novel saying just why they thinks... you know something's not quite right. Hopefully this will go some way to normalising the score.

Probably the only thing I'd like to see fixed now is the possibility of quick restart like in the old Timberman and not having to wait for the 'Game Over' screen to finally be back to the good ol' choppin'

I don't know why but they just removed some featuresAt first, you can't play this with your friend online except waiting for random matchingYou can't invite your friends to your closed room and play togheter

Though few in number, these tiles create a dizzying array of possible situations, from the reemergence of Mughal authority, the rise of new kingdoms, or the aggressive rejection of the Company's efforts.

negotiate over the fate of the insidious British East India Company

We know the audience for such games is limited. In order for us to produce games up to our standards, we rely on a direct sales model. Our games are not designed for traditional distribution or retail channels. The vast majority of all copies produced will be sent to Kickstarter backers or to people who purchase games through our store.  This means we can spend many more resources on the game's physical production without having to worry about retail viability.

At Wehrlegig Games our objective is simple: publish beautiful games with historical themes that treat their subjects and their players seriously.

Wehrlegig Games

These are games that make arguments and encourage discussion. They don't shy away from difficult subjects.

We are are continuing our commitment to creating our games that are free and widely accessible anyone that is curious by making our game files available under Creative Commons license BY–NC–SA 4.0. That means we will continue offering a full, free print-and-play kit for Pax Pamir, and later this campaign, John Company! Anyone can use, remix, and share the game, so long as they do not use it for commercial purposes. 

Just about everything players own can be exchanged at any time. The old promise system has been redesigned to provide players with the ability to give away future favors for crucial leverage in the heat of a negotiation. Players have never had so many ways to make a deal. 

John Company: Second Edition is a dramatic reimagining of the first edition that took over two years of extensive design and production work. 

Though massive in scope, John Company relies on a fundamentally simple core that teaches players how to play while they play.

teaches players how to play while they play

John Company offers players a new understanding of British history in the eighteenth and nineteenth century that reflects contemporary scholarship on the subject and extensive research into primary documents. John Company attempts to put the critical events of that time in their proper context and show how the imperial experience transformed the domestic culture of Britain. The East India Company lurked behind every building of a textile mill and every bit of wealth in a Jane Austen novel.  John Company is an uncompromising portrait of the people who made the Company and the British Empire what it was. It is as frank as it is cutting in its satire.  Accordingly, the game wrestles with many of the key themes of imperialism and globalization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and how those developments were felt domestically. As such, this game might not be suitable for all players. Please make sure everyone in your group consents to this exploration before playing. 

If you'd like to read more about the game's arguments, click here. 

Unfortunately, there is some urgency to this effort. As Shashi Tharoor writes in his book Inglorious Empire (2018), over the past 30 years, there has been a tremendous bout of collective amnesia, espeically in the UK, about the history of empire and its consequences. Into this vacuum, revisionist historians of the worst kind like Niall Ferguson have capitalized on historical blind spots of people living today to make an absurd case for the benefits of empire. This cannot be allowed to happen. Tharoor believes that one of the best bulwarks against this erasure is to do the work of inquiry and to make the history of empire accessible and apparent to the widest audience. It is into this effort that I submit my work. John Company is an unsparing portrait that hopefully will give its players a sense of the nature of empire and the long half-life of its cultural production. It is certainly not the only way to make a game about empire, but I hope that it does its part in adding to our understanding of that subject and its continued legacy.

Denialism is an essentially irrational action that withholds the validation of a historical experience or event, when a person refuses to accept an empirically verifiable reality.

Holocaust denial is a subset of genocide denial, which is a form of politically motivated denialism.

The term COVID-19 denialism or new coronavirus denialism[31] (or viral denialism)[32] refers to the thinking of those who deny[33][34][35] the reality of the COVID-19 pandemic [36][37][38][39][40] or, at the very least, deny that deaths are happening in the manner or proportions scientifically recognized by the World Health Organization

Historical negationism,[1][2] also called denialism, is falsification[3][4] or distortion of the historical record. It should not be conflated with historical revisionism, a broader term that extends to newly evidenced, fairly reasoned academic reinterpretations of history.

the term historical revisionism identifies the re-interpretation of a historical account.[1] It usually involves challenging the orthodox (established, accepted or traditional) views held by professional scholars about an historical event or time-span or phenomenon, introducing contrary evidence, or reinterpreting the motivations and decisions of the people involved.

Sustainable DistributionGavin uses an electric scooter to transport the games to the drop off points. He would use his electric bike but he is nervous of someone nicking it when He is in the post office. Gavin has a plant based diet. The diet reduces his carbon footprint and his emissions, which his wife is very happy about.

Environmentally friendly factoriesGavin uses the Cubiko Games workshop ‘factory’. Yes, it is a bit cold in the winter but, hey, I built it myself. Transporting goods from the ‘factory’ is very economical, it is about 20 metres from the factory to Gavins house via the garden. The worker in the ‘factory’ (Gavin) is committed to looking after the environment and tries his best to use every piece of wood to the best of his ability. The working conditions are great. (Flexi-time, unlimited food and drink breaks). No child labour. (Samuel sometimes ventures into the factory but we don’t put him to work).

Very slow, very cheap shipping via Royal Mail. Royal Mail advertises an ‘online’ international 12 week ’no rush’ service (not trackable). The price of the service is dependant on weight. It may be possible for international shipping to be achieved for around £15 GBP, may be even less! (This is not a typing error).  If you are interested in this service you will need to contact us before the campaign ends.

We, at Cubiko Games, would love for Foundation to reach as many people as possible because it’s such a great game. We hope that the ‘stretch goals’, ’2 x reward‘ tiers and ’voucher codes’ will encourage people to back and share the campaign so that it reaches its full potential.  Then, hopefully, with more backers comes more exposure which, in turn, leads to the ultimate goal..... Foundation gets signed by a leading game manufacturer.

and even though there are plenty of additional characters to unlock, they’re ultimately only cosmetic, providing no real incentive to unlock them all

What you want is not to detect if stdin is a pipe, but if stdin/stdout is a terminal.

stdin can be a pipe or redirected from a file. Better to check if it is interactive than to check if it is not.

Disclaimer: I have no experience with C whatsoever. Please go easy on me.

@H2CO3 Why did you remove your answer? It was the only one explaining what was happening. Or was it incorrect?

(Ideally the run-time library would treat a pipe in the same way as a console, but it seems that most don't.)

There is no equivalent. Windows doesn't have pseudo-terminals.

unbuffer connects to a command via a pseudo-terminal (pty), which makes the system treat it as an interactive process, therefore not using any stdout buffering.

What is the equivalent of unbuffer program on Windows?

Addendum: seven years later, Windows finally supports pseudoconsoles. If you are running on Windows 10 v1809 or later, this new API should solve your problem.

#!/bin/sh # -*- tcl -*- # The next line is executed by /bin/sh, but not tcl \ exec tclsh "$0" ${1+"$@"}

Bugs The man page is longer than the program.

When you have a pipeline, unbuffer must be applied to each element except the last (since that doesn't have its output redirected). Example: unbuffer p1 | unbuffer p2 | unbuffer p3 | p4

unbuffer disables the output buffering that occurs when program output is redirected. For example, suppose you are watching the output from a fifo by running it through od and then more.    od -c /tmp/fifo | more You will not see anything until a full page of output has been produced. You can disable this automatic buffering as follows:    unbuffer od -c /tmp/fifo | more

Developer of things

is a mechanism designed for creating an external host for character-mode subsystem activities that replace the user interactivity portion of the default console host window

To prevent race conditions and deadlocks, we highly recommend that each of the communication channels is serviced on a separate thread that maintains its own client buffer state and messaging queue inside your application. Servicing all of the pseudoconsole activities on the same thread may result in a deadlock where one of the communications buffers is filled and waiting for your action while you attempt to dispatch a blocking request on another channel.

ConPTY, or the Windows PTY

unbuffer is able to pass along the return code of a process under normal circumstance, but if the process you are unbuffering is killed, for instance with a segfault, I see $? as 0 while I expect 139. How can I get it to pass along the 139?

The expect wait command returns more arguments if the spawned process is killed but unbuffer just always returns the 3rd argument.

unbuffer is actually just an expect script that comes with expect

The basic rule of thumb is: "I'm not aware of all types of security exploits. I must protect against those I do know of and then I must be proactive!".

A good heuristic is to not trust the libraries you did not write either.

Within functions, you may want to check that you are not referencing something that is not valid (i.e., null) and that array lengths are valid before referencing elements, especially on all temporary/local instantiations.

In this practice, only errors from outside the program's control are to be handled (such as user input); the software itself, as well as data from within the program's line of defense, are to be trusted in this methodology.

yes, the excessive pleasantries are purely for irony/humor, i would normally get straight to the point

It has two very different meanings, that you would have to distinguish by context. One meaning is just expressing that we have limitations. If you don't know something, that's just tough, you don't know it and you have to live with that. You don't have information if you don't have that information. The other meaning is that not only are there gaps in our knowledge, but often we don't even know what the gaps in our knowledge are. I don't know how to speak Finnish. That's a gap in my knowledge that I know about. I know that I don't know how to speak Finnish. But there are gaps in my knowledge that I'm not even aware of. That's where you can say "You don't know what you don't know" meaning that you don't even know what knowledge you are missing.

but in essence I expect OP means Rumsfeld's "unknown unknowns"

I wouldn't necessarily go as far as call this a "phrase" per se.

Socrates' dictum may be wise, but I think there's a world of difference between OP's acknowledgement that the amount of things one doesn't know is indeterminate, and Socrates' assertion that, for him, everything falls into that category.

But there are also unknown unknowns – the ones we don't know we don't know.

We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know.

Some risk management techniques urge practitioners to consider the "known unknowns" and the "unknown unknowns"

Incidentally, I'd add that it can also be used in looking toward the future, in awareness that we lack such a crystal ball: We base our plans on our knowledge, and there'll be times where we know there is a gap in that knowledge, but we're also aware that there may be things we can't possibly foresee, because "we don't know what we don't know".

Yogi also said that "Half the lies they tell about me aren't true"

"I didn't say a lot of the things that I said"

"It ain't over 'til it's over,"

"You can observe a lot by watching."

Generally speaking, it would not be a good way to express something in formal writing, unless perhaps you were deliberately injecting humor.

This is the essence of "You don't know what you don't know," only it's being expressed in a comical way, much like Yogi Berra might have said. (To those unfamiliar with the Yogi Berra reference, he was a professional baseball player who was reknowned for his wry way of saying things, such as, "It ain't over 'til it's over," and, "You can observe a lot by watching."

Yet, in all these instances, life offers no crystal ball; there's no way of knowing what the future holds, or to be cognizant of something we are unaware of. This is the essence of "You don't know what you don't know," only it's being expressed in a comical way

Had I known the van was going to overheat, I would have driven the car instead.

If I had known you were going to get such bad grades on your report card, I wouldn't have let you go to the dance last weekend.

If I had known your plane was going to be two hours late, I wouldn't have rushed to the airport.

That said, you couldn't know what you didn't know, but now you know.

Comedian Henny Youngman was famous for one-liners delivered in a deadpan manner. Much of his humor was both wry and dry.

I intend to live forever. So far, so good. Whenever I think of the past, it brings back so many memories. I think it's wrong that only one company makes the game Monopoly. If it's a penny for your thoughts and you put in your two cents worth, then someone, somewhere is making a penny. What's another word for Thesaurus? I used to work in a fire hydrant factory. You couldn't park anywhere near the place.

Adding another Steven Wright gem: "24 hour banking? I don't have time for that."

Comedian Henny Youngman was famous for one-liners delivered in a deadpan manner. Much of his humor was both wry and dry. For example, his most famous line: Take my wife ... please. If you never saw the delivery, "Take my wife" was said as if he was using his wife as an example to set up a situation, as in "Take my wife [for example]." After a brief pause, the "please" turned it into a request.

Some humor is just funny on a surface level, or incorporates words that sound funny. What makes dry humor unique is that it isn't always obviously funny, especially with a deadpan delivery; you often need to think about it. The humor is entirely within the meaning of the words.

I'm sorry I hurt your feelings when I called you stupid. I really thought you already knew.

Inside every older person is a younger person wondering what the hell happened.

I swear; if my memory was any worse, I could plan my own surprise party.

"Wry" evolved from a meaning of "to twist". Applied to humor, it refers to humor that is bitterly or disdainfully ironic or amusing; distorted or perverted in meaning; warped, misdirected, or perverse; words that are unsuitable or wrong; scornful and mocking in a humorous way--it covers a lot of territory (see WordReference.com).

What is the difference between “wry” and “dry” humor?

"Dry" humor is often called deadpan humor because it is delivered with a straight face and a serious tone, as if it is not intended to be funny.

Wry humor can be delivered in a deadpan manner.

cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous

British HumorDry humor is particularly associated with British humor. Fawlty Towers, a British television comedy that aired from 1975 to 1979 is considered an unusually good example of dry humor. The series is set in a family run seaside hotel operated by a cynical and snobbish man, played by John Cleese, who finds himself in constant conflict with hotel guests. No matter how outlandishly silly each episode becomes, there is never any sense that the characters are trying to be funny.

Dry humor is a delivery technique. As such, it shouldn't be confused with specific types of humor or with sarcasm. Sarcasm is delivered without humor because it's generally not funny but intended to mock or convey contempt. Dry humor pertains to something funny.

Humor is based on a sense of the unexpected, inexplicable, ridiculous and ironic. Dry humor can enhance these qualities to make things more humorous. For example, humor that is delivered as if it were not a joke may feel more surprising and odd.

Dry humor is a comedic technique of delivering humor as if you didn't intend to be funny.

This repository contains the source code for:

Going through different search systems brings us some fruits in the form of indistinct mumbling about the untimely closed I/O data streams, TTYs and PTYs (pseudoterminals) and all the rest of it.

because while dealing with interactive programs one often come across numerous hidden traps which doesn’t usually happen with ordinary sh-scripts. Though fortunately or may be not, but most of these problems generally turn up within first five minutes of the work under the script. The symptoms typically look like that author can’t pass the authentication from the script.

Of course you must not use plain-text passwords and place them directly into scripts. You even must not use telnet protocol at all. And avoid ftp, too. I needn’t say why you should use ssh, instead, need I? And you also must not plug your fingers into 220 voltage AC-output. Telnet was chosen for examples as less harmless alternative, because it’s getting rare in real life, but it can show all basic functions of expect-like tools, even abilities to send passwords. BUT, you can use “Expect and Co” to do other things, I just show the direction.

But the imho easiest solution he oversaw…

Apart from some dodgy English (‘let’s don’t’ for example)

Yes, autoexpect is a good tool, but it is used just to automatically create TCL-expect scripts, by watching for user. So it’s can be equal to writing expect-scripts by hand.

It's essential to note that all the experiments are valid for FreeBSD and I can't guarantee they'll give the same results on other operating systems.

now I'll tell you what really takes place when we start interactive applications from shell scripts

Certainly, if for some reason Python doesn't suit you either you can install, let us say, PHP language. Well, I think you realize that the searching of suitable solution can go on for a long time and may be only MS Visual Basic will be lacking in the list of results. So, I believe the time has already approached to put it all aside and come to to the Point.

However, if in spite of all the attractiveness of the foregoing method and all the arguments of the expect authors (see FAQ) you have made up your mind not to use expect, then you are either too lazy or entirely poisoned by Perl. Well, in this case your salvation lies in the installation of the corresponding Perl-module (http://sourceforge.net/projects/expectperl), which is supposed to support all the functions of the original expect

you can take the opportunity of using Python as a corresponding module pexpect is written for it (http://pexpect.sourceforge.net). It's clear that Python language should be installed on the system beforehand

By the way, the README file of the expect says there is a libexpect library that can be used to write programs on C/C++ which allows to avoid the use of TCL itself. But I'm afraid, this subject is beyond this article. Besides authors of expect themselves seem to prefer expect-scripts to the library.

But in all this incongruous abundance you'll certanly find the links to expect It's just what is wanted: the tool, which is traditionally used to communicate automatically with interactive programs. And as it always occurs, there is unfortunately a little fault in it: expect needs the programming language TCL to be present. Nevertheless if it doesn't discourage you to install and learn one more, though very powerful language, then you can stop your search, because expect and TCL with or without TK have everything and even more for you to write scripts.

Really you are not the first to run into such a problem

At first you feel confused because usual pipe constructions such as: $ echo luser && echo TopSecret | telnet foo.bar.com fail you and the problem which seemed so plain on the face of it grows into “mission impossible”.

among these scripts there certainly will be those to cooperate with interactive applications such as telnet, ftp, su, password, ssh

As a result of all this in a couple of weeks I had a working version of empty (http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/empty) which allows to start interactive programs and communicate with them using FIFO-files

one of the oldest problems was the use of Command-line interactive programs in UNIX shell-scripts

In some cases empty can be the simplest replacement for TCL/expect or other similar programming tools because empty:

empty is an utility that provides an interface to execute and/or interact with processes under pseudo-terminal sessions (PTYs). This tool is definitely useful in programming of shell scripts designed to communicate with interactive programs like telnet, ssh, ftp, etc.

Operating systems implement a command-line interface in a shell for interactive access to operating system functions or services.

Today, many users rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu-driven interactions. However, some programming and maintenance tasks may not have a graphical user interface and may still use a command line.

If no file is detected (in case, it's being run as part of a script or the command is being piped)

The role of the terminal emulator process is:

Example

Streams could also be used for inter-process communication, by connecting two processes to pseudoterminals.

STREAMS originated in Version 8 Research Unix, as Streams (not capitalized).

In this framework, a stream is a chain of coroutines that pass messages between a program and a device driver (or between a pair of programs)