Both are made up of independent units. In the economy, it’s businesses. In world politics, it’s countries (or in the past, city-states or empires).

These units don’t sit down and plan out a system together. Instead, the “system” just naturally forms as they all act in their own self-interest. That’s what it means when it says “spontaneously generated, and unintended.”

Each country (or business) has to look out for itself. Whether it survives or thrives depends mostly on its own efforts (self-help).

But there’s one big difference: in markets, governments put rules and limits in place to keep things from going totally wild (like no poisoning food, no lying in ads, no killing competitors).

In international politics, though, there’s no world government to set rules. So it’s much closer to a “wild west” situation — where countries do whatever they can get away with.

So the main idea: International politics is like a free market where everyone fends for themselves — but unlike markets, there aren’t strong rules to keep things fair or safe.

When economies grow, some people or groups get richer and more powerful.

Those groups want even more growth, so they push for changes in rules and politics that make it easier to do business.

Example: If something people need (like food, oil, or computers) starts running out, prices go up. That gives people a reason to invent new ways to get or replace that thing.

But inventing is hard and expensive. So people won’t bother unless they know they’ll get rewarded.

That’s why property rights (like patents) exist. A patent is a rule that says “if you invent something, only you get to make money from it.” This motivates people to create new ideas, which keeps the economy growing.

👉 In short: Growth creates powerful groups → those groups change rules → new rules (like patents) reward inventors → inventors solve problems → more growth.

Think about planting seeds in a garden.

You have one small garden (fixed size).

At first, when you plant more seeds, you get more plants. Great!

But if you keep putting in too many seeds, there isn’t enough space, water, or sunlight for them all.

So each new seed gives you less extra plants than before.

👉 That’s what “diminishing returns” means: if you only increase one thing (like seeds), but don’t increase the other stuff (like land, water, tools), then the extra benefit you get from each new seed will keep getting smaller.

The four chapters I’ve read are jam-packed with emotions,fear,and regret. Ikemefuna is ripped away from his family, and he has no control over the situation. Okonkwo wants to be nothing like his father, causing him to be toxic and abusive in the process. His children and wife fear him, and if no crops grow, it’s a sign of death. However, I dispute all the negative aspects. Some moments reading this were warm and wonderful to read out. Moreover, the entire story was a nice read.

He has good intentions, but the wrong execution. I believe later in life, his boys will resent their father or be the polar opposite of him.

This has me worried. Well they do the same to Okonkwo to punish him, or something more sinister.

His downfall was caused by his own hands and will. His emotions got the better of him.

This confers my statement that "anger got the best of him. Disregarding traditions of his community."

Okonkwo's anger got the best of him. Disregarding traditions of his community.

Did Ikemefuna know that Okonkwo deep down cared for him in his own way?

Okonkwo has a soft side after all.

Unoka is right to me. The strongest always survive, hitting rock bottom. The strongest always get back up and start over again.

It seems as if yams did not produce or grow as expected. It was worse than death to see like a failure or to starve to death. This is horrible; however, I see that if no food is grown fr the season, even the community runs out of food and starves. terrifying.

Bad luck around every corner! Okonkwo couldn't catch a break. Will his high motivation lead to his downfall?

Even food production divided by gender? Strange

I believe yams are the main income source for most Africans in this time period. Yams can be sold for income and also feed the family year-round. 400 yams or 400 yam seeds planted? Does one yam seed produce only one yam?

Okonkwo's reputation is helping him, an advantage over the other young men.

This sounds like gossip more they anything. Men drinking and talking about others. Story as old as time.

Anasi sounds like a strong, willing woman; however, it seems as if she was terrified of her husband. Being middle-aged age she had no other choice but to keep enduring since the male provided everything and she could not provide for herself. The two wife followed her lead by example, making sure to stay out of their husbands' way.

1. I think Number 3 of the Student Learning Outcomes is a great way to teach the class because it helps students learn how to write better. It teaches us how to organize our thoughts, use evidence, and clearly explain our opinions in a strong way through a full research paper.

2. For feedback, I like how it is because if you think it’s good then it’s good But if the teacher says something, not all the time but sometime, you should look at it again and maybe make changes to improve it.

Use of irony here

How would dog be used a verb here? What could it mean?

Why did he want to build this building, what inspired him to do so?

He had three kids during his rule, Healfdene became older and bitter.

Beowulf was loved by many for a long time.

The birth of Beowulf, the main character.

Shows how to distinguish between cultural groups

Diversity is more than just race.

This shows people within different businesses must be able to communicate with each other regardless of the industry

It is important that audiences are able to read your text quickly and efficiently

This shows the audience is Genuinely learning something regardless of what the field.

Will we be graded on the learning of how to write a research paper at the end of the semester as a final?

Does this mean we will focus on the foundations of writing a research paper?

During a recent conversation, I had someone help me realize that writing is not innate like learning to speak. Writing is a skill like learning to paint, learning to dance, or learning to play piano. Grammar is a systematic set of rules that have been imagined then set into place over the past thousand years that any form of English has existed. I love that Didion pointed this out so that the reader understands that this process is a hard fought one. This sentence also seems to emulate Orwells humor. Perhaps Didion was paying homage to Orwell through a few witty quips.

All the models are important and I feel that as a district we combine many of the models in order to design our curriculum. I feel D.K. Wheeler's model is an ideal model that includes all parts and is cyclical which means it is a continuous work in progress.

This is so interesting to me and a wild fact!

It is very interesting how a religion that was persecuted can work its way even up to the highest person in the empire. Religion in general is fascinating to me.

I find it interesting how so many things we learned in school growing up and that I considered were facts about History can change so much in such a short period of time.

I think it is interesting that Constantine most likely was the reason why Christianity is so widespread. It could have been possible that the new empires who were created after the Roman Empire fell could have decided to worship Rome's traditional gods and goddesses or at least taken inspiration from them. The Holy Roman Empire may have never existed, and the Pope may not have been as big of a figure as he is today.

I think it is very cool and interesting that even know the Muslims, Christians and Jews have different religious beliefs they still share traditions and sacred writings with one another.

I find it very interesting that the English language is a combination of Latin, German and Roman cultures.

I think it is interesting that even though the city of Rome was taken over and split between warlords the Roman Catholic Church still grew and spread through the area.

broadcasting companies and media companies purposefully have an agenda of misinformation they want the mainstream population to be swayed by and in essence brainwashed

the covid pandemic caused a good spread of misinformation in the online world. Almost as if it was psychological warfare

Were these actions done out of defense or underlining prejudice?

Violence at this time was viewed as attractive and something that was proudly shown off? such a sentence reflects on the history of how American's thought process fluctuates over time wether that be what is deemed important, attractive or what is deemed unethical.

American expansion wasn't targeted but a selfish gesture.

This sentence reveals a sense of fear and force that followed. This sentences objection wasn't to highlight the need for indigenous kindness but rather submissiveness. The Americans need for dire superiority was founded through the need and search of ways to reveal Indigenous weakness.

This paragraph at first expresses what many beilvied during this time but intern may also reveal a sense of superiority many felt in these regions. Feeling as if they were chosen or more special than others.

The inclusion of religion during this time highlights these soldiers thought process when living there day to day life. This may contribute to some actions later on. In addition, such religion contributed to the unrevealed and unlabeled stereotypes of Americans during this time. Possibly that they were the chosen race, ethnicity or even gender.

This sentence describes a complete time frame and setting that is primary to the plot of the historical event. Highlights of the civil war describes the event and the outcome.

a barge pole

In the excerpt, "a barge pole" is mentioned in a context that suggests it is used metaphorically to express disdain or a strong desire to avoid something or someone. The phrase originates from the idea that one wouldn’t even use a long pole (a barge pole) to touch something deemed dirty or unpleasant. Here, it implies offensive sentiments during a conversation where characters navigate misunderstandings and attempt to clarify their intentions.

在摘录中，提到“驳船桩”是用来表达厌恶或强烈希望避免某事或某人的隐喻。这个短语源于一个想法，即人们甚至不愿用长杆（驳船桩）去碰触那些被视为肮脏或令人不快的东西。在这里，它暗示了对话中的冒犯情绪，角色们在应对误解和试图澄清彼此的意图。

In this excerpt, the character expresses that they feel anxious or unsettled ("I think I'm just a bit on edge"). This suggests a heightened emotional state, possibly due to a stressful environment or recent events. The context indicates a conversation in a pub where the atmosphere may be tense, possibly due to drama or conflicts involving patrons. The character desires a peaceful life, emphasizing their need for stability amidst chaos and uncertainty.

在这个摘录中，角色表达了他们感到焦虑或不安（“我觉得我有点紧张”）。 这表明一种高度的情绪状态，可能是由于紧张的环境或最近的事件所导致。 上下文中提到的酒吧对话暗示气氛可能紧张，可能是由于顾客之间的戏剧或冲突。 这个角色渴望平静的生活，强调他们在混乱和不确定之中对稳定的需求。

English Explanation:

In the given context, "fell out" likely refers to a conflict or disagreement between Marky and his father or another character. This phrase suggests that there was a breakdown in their relationship, possibly leading to estrangement or current difficulties in communication. George believes Marky’s dad may have valuable information about Marky's whereabouts despite their fallout, indicating that past conflicts might still hold relevance for their current situation.

Chinese Explanation:

在给定的上下文中，“fell out”可能指Marky与他的父亲或其他角色之间的冲突或分歧。这个短语表明他们的关系破裂，可能导致疏远或目前沟通上的困难。乔治认为，尽管有过争执，但Marky的父亲可能对Marky的下落有重要信息，这表明过去的冲突在他们当前的情况中仍然有意义。

chucked out.

5<br /> 00:03:06

English Explanation:

The excerpt "chucked out" typically means to be discarded or thrown away. In the context of this transcript, it likely refers to someone or something that has been removed from a situation or location. This phrase conveys a sense of finality or rejection, often used in informal speech. The surrounding context hints at a program or podcast discussing various social issues, potentially including themes of aging or community living.

Chinese Explanation:

“chucked out”这个短语通常意味着被丢弃或抛弃。根据这个抄本的上下文，它可能指的是某人或某物已经被从某个情境或地点移除。这个短语传达了一种结束或被拒绝的感觉，通常用于非正式的口语中。周围的上下文暗示这是一个讨论各种社会问题的节目或播客，可能包括老龄化或社区生活的主题。

English Explanation

The phrase "buy in" in this context likely refers to the cost or price required to join a golf club, indicating a financial commitment. It suggests that participants need to pay a fee to be part of the club and access its amenities. This snippet captures a casual conversation about drinking and staying at a location, eventually leading to discussing the costs associated with joining the golf club, revealing how much it costs monthly and the reactions of those involved.

Chinese Explanation

在这个上下文中，“buy in”指的是加入高尔夫俱乐部所需的费用，意味着一种财务上的承诺。它表明参与者需要支付一定的费用才能成为俱乐部的一员并享受其设施。这个片段捕捉了一段关于喝酒和在某个地方停留的随意对话，最终引入了讨论加入高尔夫俱乐部的费用，揭示了每月的费用以及相关人员的反应。

a long shot

English Explanation: In this context, "a long shot" refers to an attempt or action that has a low probability of success. The characters are discussing whether contacting someone in prison (George) is a feasible option, acknowledging that it may be unlikely to yield positive results. However, they also agree that despite its low chances, it’s worth making the effort.

Chinese Explanation: 在这个上下文中，“a long shot”指的是一个成功概率较低的尝试或行动。角色们在讨论联系一个在监狱里的人的可行性（乔治），并承认这可能不太可能取得好的结果。然而，他们也同意，尽管成功的机会不大，但这一尝试是值得的。

English Explanation:

In the excerpt, the term "weirdo" is used by one character, Chelsea, to describe another character, who is portrayed as socially awkward or unconventional. This is not a compliment, as Chelsea indicates with the phrase "Thanks. It wasn't a compliment." The context suggests that the group is discussing their experiences, particularly a negative encounter with a bothersome person at a bar. The use of "weirdo" highlights the social dynamics and judgments that arise within their conversation, as they navigate their feelings about their interactions with others.

Chinese Explanation:

在摘录中，“weirdo”（怪人）这一词被角色切尔西用来形容另一个角色，这个人被描绘成社交尴尬或不合群。切尔西用“谢谢，这不是一个称赞”来表明这并不是一个好评。上下文暗示小组在讨论他们的经历，尤其是在酒吧遇到令人不快的人的负面经历。“weirdo”的使用突显了在对话中出现的社会动态和判断，因为他们在处理对他人互动的感受。

English Explanation:

In this excerpt, "punters" refers to customers, specifically those who frequent a pub or bar. The dialogue captures a casual conversation among staff discussing their patrons, with one character expressing relief that the "punters" are well-behaved and not causing trouble, which allows them to focus on running the establishment without conflict.

Chinese Explanation:

在这段摘录中，“punters”指的是顾客，特别是经常光顾酒吧或酒馆的人。对话展示了员工之间的轻松交流，其中一个角色表达了对“punters”举止得体、不惹麻烦的松了一口气，让他们可以专注于经营场所而不必应对冲突。

Joshing means banter.

In the excerpt "Joshing means banter," the speaker is clarifying that "joshing" refers to playful teasing or joking around with someone. It implies a light-hearted exchange rather than serious conversation, often used to lighten the mood. The context around this suggests a social situation where humor and light teasing are being utilized to ease tension among friends or acquaintances.

在摘录“Joshing means banter”中，发言者澄清“joshing”是指与某人进行开玩笑或轻松调侃。它暗示了轻松的交流，而非严肃的对话，通常用于缓解气氛。这段背景暗示了一个社交场合，朋友或熟人之间利用幽默和轻松的调侃来减轻紧张气氛。

this is an important word. This word can mean the text can be fictional or true. vocabulary.com

Would this type of act be considered mutiny, and would it have been justified during the given time periods, or not, and why?

Sadly, I do not believe that the American justice system deserves to be the story's hero. I believe the fight began in West Africa and doesn't require a white-washed justice system to be a hero regarding fixing the issues that they themselves created.

This here represents how media is extremely important in creating the narrative of history! It helps s decide what is an important lesson to have learned in the past, especially so it does not happen again! However, as the next paragraph says, it doesn't mean the media is totally accurate so we must be mindful of that.

This movement became more about its scandal value than the actual issue at hand, which was the slave trade and how these enslaved people were being treated, to the point that they needed to kill people to be treated like humans. After the case was solved and they won, many people forgot, and the impact of the case was lost, and so was the lesson.

This goes to show how unreliable history education is and how it can be washed away. I was never taught about this rebellion and have never came across any sort of media referencing this historic event. African Americans are constantly being left out of history because its a tragedy but that's exactly why we should learn more about these stories. In 2023 it was discovered that in the ‘Bélizaire’ 1837 painting it was discovered that a black ensalved child had been painted over.

The attraction brought attention to slavery resistance and how inhumane it was to take people from their homes and transport them to other parts of the world for labor, but the fascination with this controversy was less about the realization of how inhumane the whole concept of slavery is, and it was about the scandal itself. At least it led to a victory, but it was a small victory compared to how many years after slavery continued. It was entertainment, and it didn't lead to enough change to stop slavery. This reminds me of performative activism today, where people post about political issues without doing anything to create change, just watching. Also, it's unbelievable how this scandal was used as entertainment and not led by empathy.

The need to change the narrative and obsessively re-paint the American side of historical events only gives power to the bigoted ideologies our country was founded on. By painting over the truth with a prettier picture, we allow for these deeply sinister ideologies to persist. Racism continues to inform our school curriculum, our legislature, and our ever day interecations. Denying accountability for these massive crimes against human rights, we are both acknowledging how unnatural slavery is while allowing the space for it to continue happening. Slavery was so terrible that Americans had to do something about it and "save the day " and yet continue to imprison citizens in a justice system that's consistently flawed and force them to put out our forest fires. How can we be aware of how horrendous something is then re-package and sell it to our citizens? Partly due to the lack of transparency and accountability of our shameful history.

Often people will discuss if violence is ever acceptable when debating the actions of the oppressed. This debate feels silly to me and often skirts around the core of the matter. The oppressor will often come up with never-before-seen brand-new full proof ideas of "peaceful protest" and "civil disobedience". The point being that "violence is bad" while never acknowledging that oppression is violence. It does not matter how the oppressed chooses to free themselves. Human beings are the only being on the planet that are expected to "please and thank you" themselves out of a cage. A lion isn't expected to be kind to its hunter.

Spielberg's movie having such a cultural impact that although the general public had little knowledge of the rebellion, through his film, has led to the history being once again taught shows the importance of art and media in history as without it many would still be unaware of this or many other events in history

A conditioned reflex in psychology is a learned, automatic response to a previously neutral stimulus, which becomes a trigger for the response after being repeatedly paired with a stimulus that naturally causes that response

Many therapists think that things we go through as young children, along with unconscious thoughts we may not even be aware of, can shape how we think, feel, and act for the rest of our lives. How might early childhood experiences affect the way a person handles relationships or emotions as an adult?

This is really cool to me because it's another indication of how deeply connected our body and mind are.

Carl Rogers seems like the most intriguing psychologist to me. He seems like a man who understands the genuine approach. In the video below he explains it a bit. I like that he remains honest and open minded while working with his client.

Study psychology if you have the urge to discover, to connect, to unlock the secrets within our minds. We posses the keys to unlimited potential and opportunity.

Specify the average time saved or the number of devices repaired per week to illustrate efficiency.

Quantify the impact of these relationships on sales growth or customer loyalty metrics.

Quantify the increase in customer satisfaction or sales resulting from these tailored solutions.

State how the UI/UX design improved user interaction or satisfaction rates.

Mention the impact of this integration, such as reduced load times or improved user experience.

Quantify the data transfer speed or reliability improvements achieved through this implementation.

Specify the outcome or impact of this development, e.g., improved efficiency or functionality.

what

True

True

The campus is so much bigger and I don't know everyone like I did in high school.

I think learning will be richer in the future because I will learn how to appreciate and love learning.

5

2

3

I think going to the gym because I have work as well as having to do my homework, which I have to worry about.

Having a good income, and doing the career of my dreams

Doing the work in time

I think the most difficult part of completing college would be time management and self-discipline.

Balancing my time and staying focused.

refusing food is equivalent to refusing a gift

health is important to maintain because of others

high body awareness, chaining potentially unrelated symptoms/experiences

worry and overwork make you sick

the importance of an environment that you can sweat in

method - narrative, overwhelming tagalog first

dominant theme = timbang

hot climate/cold climate

I think it is hard to put yourself into perspectives as extreme as these, especially when the only way out of any emotional and physical trauma is simply death. This statement has this strong and deep turn as the individual expresses the hatred and somewhat hate crimes committed by two men that do not share the same skin complexion. It is just such a raw emotion.

a class you choose not aligned to your major

being signed up~

being monitored for poor performance or rule breaking.

I could see how something likes this is common the idea of connecting with others online and share the same interest on a topic but to me personally don't think feels or works the same as an in person fan event. I never been to any part of a fan group or anything like that but I could tell there is barriers online that make the experience of online fan clubs not much interesting as in person. An example could be missing out on social events perhaps or fun events in which otherwise you couldn't have been able to enjoy online the same way. The idea that the internet might dominate everyone's attention and curiosity in my opinion to me comes of as overreactive because online and in person events to me are two separate and very distinct things.

I feel that digital culture won't ever really become such a big thing because it just does not compare to in person cultures. Sure perhaps people can move online and start a new thing but the idea of developing and evolving over time digitally to me seems impossible and does not make a lot of sense. People may share things about their culture online but trying to move and stay to digital culture I don't believe could work out despite how much technology can advance, it's not really the same to me.

this quote is right and I would agree with it. For one point I do believe the internet has become a very massive platform in which some people just don't or may not have full idea of how the internet works as it's evolved the past years. For another point companies i feel still have that control part as they be setting rules for their users as to what they can put out on the internet in platforms like Google or Meta for example.

He states "television is the poor man's latest and most prized luxury," and for the "poor to crowd the rich away" sounds like now that tv exists, the "poor" were at the same level as the rich when owning a tv, leading the "rich" to not enjoy it as much.

Television or any type of device is a huge disruption in today's world especially to children. Grown ups rely on their kids to stay calm by having them watch tv all day, not realizing some of the stuff put on can hold back the kid and cause other problems from what they're learning on tv.

Advertisements can be one of those most useful tools, but also one of the most annoying when there are constant pop ups. Ads come in many different ways so it always just pops up on your screen while you're trying to watch some or even go on a website.

I wonder what the process was going from black and white to having colors on television. It was definitely a big change for U.S. television.

When I worked a little while as a comanager, it was difficult having to oversee every little detail in paperwork, when someone couldn't make it to their shift, and even with the customer count in general at work.

I found this intro very interesting since I never knew much about this subject. I always knew that there was competition within the markets, but I didn't think there were this many types. I want to say that the one I'm most familiar with would be an oligopoly since it's the simplest one to understand, considering it's only for a small number of producers and sellers.

Could any paper be made sociological simply by using a perspective signifiant of a sociologist?

This article is part of the special JITC series: The Next Wave of Immuno-oncology: A Roadmap from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC)

Potential insight towards incestual themes.

Poe sets up the atmosphere and emotional response the house brings with distinctive language like dull, dark, soundless, oppressive, dreary, melancholy, insufferable, gloom, desolate, terrible, bleak, vacant, decayed, depressive, icy, sickening, unredeemed, etc. all throughout this paragraph.

Bibliography / Reading List:

• Paulo Freire, The Act of Study, PDF
• Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Chapters 1–3
• Wright Mills, The Sociological Imagination
• (Any additional readings you referenced while annotating)

Key Concept: Study is a two-way interaction; readers and authors influence each other conceptually.

Synthesis: Connects to Freire’s problem-posing pedagogy where dialogue creates understanding.

Implications: Learning is collaborative—students must question authors and texts actively.

Flavor/Engagement: Could annotating with peers on Hypothes.is simulate this dialogue digitally?

Key Concept: Everyday observations can enrich study when connected to texts.

Synthesis: Similar to Wright Mills’ “sociological imagination”—linking personal experience with larger contexts.

Implications: Encourages students to record thoughts and connections outside formal readings.

Flavor/Engagement: I like the idea of carrying a notebook to capture random insights—what ideas have I ignored this week?

Key Concept: Study demands curiosity and continuous questioning.

Synthesis: Links to Freire’s idea of inquiry as an ongoing dialogue rather than a final answer.

Implications: Teachers should cultivate sustained curiosity and reflective thinking.

Flavor/Engagement: Do we ever get graded for curiosity, or just for “correct answers”?

Key Concept: Studying is not just reading—it is understanding experience and the world.

Synthesis: Mirrors Freire’s idea that education should connect knowledge to real-life contexts.

Implications: Encourages learners to link texts to personal experience, society, and history.

Flavor/Engagement: Can this mindset transform online discussions into real-world problem-solving exercises?

Key Concept: The reader actively shapes knowledge; studying is creative and participatory.

Synthesis: Aligns with constructivist learning and Freire’s problem-posing approach.

Implications: Students must engage texts critically, considering author context and broader social factors.

Flavor/Engagement: This makes me think: could group discussions help students “co-create” understanding?

can it be that with the decline of civic engagement we got a president like Trump?

With the definition of Social Justice being so fluid, and with there being no universal definition, I can see why educators would find this to be a highly challenging subject to take on.

I find it notable that the history of incompatibility of Social Work with Social justice is not often mentioned, showing there is much to be gained by educating future social workers on this incompatibility.

With the elevation of social justice driven specifically by the 1996 NASW Code of Ethics revision, social workers now have an explicit commitment to systemic advocacy for welfare reform as well as multicultural and civil rights struggles.

When the militia fired into the crowd during these protests what did they think it would resolve the issue of these protests? Or was it just to scare them away? I'm confused on what they thought this would resolve.

This paper focuses on how loss of biodiversity can influence ecosystem functioning and urges research to help measure biodiversity in an effective manner. This research analyzes current ecosystems (terrestrial and aquatic) and illustrates in its figures how anthropogenic drivers limit diversity and promote biotic homogenization. This paper urges to rethink biodiversity and it's importance, as the topic has been around since its formal introduction in 1992.

"source" i made it up

Struggled with this in high school. The teacher asks, "Do you understand?" and no one truly does, but we shake our head anyways.

Nothing but the truth on that one. I want to know where my students are going to walk away with first.

I feel like most people (at least at my school) use this constantly.

Ain't that the truth. It's one of my biggest fears as a teacher. That's why I talk with any and every science teacher I know and ask them all the time how they do their lesson plans

This establishment of the bicameral system of the Houses of Parliament are reflective of how the United States Congress is organized. The purpose of the legislative houses is to ensure that the executive power, in this case the monarchy, will not take advantage of the rights of the people as well as protect the rights and liberties of the kingdom's citizens.

I always found this introduction to Gatsby fascinating. He is the narrators one exception to his values, because Gatsby represents a quality of deep hope. I often equate hope to a love of life, a belief system that believes everything will work out because life is beautiful. This paragraph made me feel like the narrator also has made this connection and is why even though Gatsby has many flaws, it is hard to dislike him because of his "gift".

second time Tom has interrupted the women in the room

He proceeds this with where he lives is less fashionable and yet describes a beautiful mansion. So even though both west and east have signs of wealth one is still considered "better". This later connects into the distinction of old and new money, and that even when you have the means and have worked to be successful it will always be seen as less.

Foreshadowing that something will happen for him to change his life plans. Since he begins with his values, and then it follows into this, one could assume that where he moved "East" did not reflect his values.

Refered to https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Worksheets/Worksheets%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry/Structure_and_Reactivity_in_Organic_Biological_and_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Chem_315)/5%3A_Nitrogen_Fixation/5.2%3A_The_Haber-Bosch_Process

I feel like the second time I read the article I always understands better

Genres are not simply artistic categories, but rather reflections of culture and current times. It fits into the analogy of language and how it fits in as a specific utterance in the much larger scheme of grammar, it allows a view into how it can be one thing but represent so much more.

Genres ensure a a balance of similarity and variation. They work hand in hand with the economics side of things to allow driving change while maintaining recognizability. Without change things get stagnant, but without similarity interest wains. The genres of TV and Film are a calculated formula to drive revenue growth.

Genres serve as a formula of entertainment and economics. It balances both efficiency and predictability with novelty and perception. A genre allows for familiarity to be side by side with variations to maintain a cohesive understanding of what oneself is seeing or looking at. This works to shift the view of a genre from a collection of aesthetic decisions to an understanding of how they are utilized within a capitalist economy.

There is a distinct difference between the overarching and timeless literary genres such as comedy and tragedy and the genres of media such as sitcoms and and screwball comedies. Television genres are created in the moment and to respond to public wants and feedback where as literary genres are fixed and survive as abstract categories without change overtime. Media as a whole requires more flexibility in how genres are created and defined.

Genre is not just an individual description. Instead, it leans towards categorization like in the biological sciences. Genres in essence are created due to the human need for perceived order, as a whole, humans look to create order and framework based on perceived similarities and differences. With this, divisions are artificial conceptions and not defined facts.

I'm curious to know the process that scientist had to go through to figure out the mass of protons and neutrons. How did they come up with a mass. Why do electrons weigh less?

I watched a video on discovering non naturally occurring elements and how difficult it was to find new elements to the half life of said elements being so short. Using AI or other automation would it be possible to measure these short half life elements due to the increased speed of processing power? or is it still a requirement that the element has to exist for a set amount of time?

LE (Life Expectancy) = Forventet levetid.

HALE (Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy) = Forventet levetid i god helbredstilstand (dvs. hvor man lever uden væsentlig sygdom eller funktionsnedsættelse).

Fx:

Land A: LE = 80 år, HALE = 72 → 72/80 = 0,90 → 90 % af livet i god sundhed.

Land B: LE = 60 år, HALE = 50 → 50/60 = 0,83 → 83 % af livet i god sundhed.

Teksten siger: Jo højere LE, desto højere er også forholdet HALE/LE → altså: Folk i lande med høj levetid lever ikke kun længere, men også en større andel af deres liv i god sundhed.

Kan også regnes som: LE − HALE = antal år levet med sygdom/funktionsnedsættelse.

Divideres det med LE, får vi andelen af livet med sygdom:

Land A: (80−72)/80 = 0,10 → 10 % af livet i dårligere helbred.

Land B: (60−50)/60 = 0,17 → 17 % af livet i dårligere helbred.

Teksten pointerer: Jo længere vi lever (højere LE), jo mindre andel af livet er med sygdom.

he was loyal to his king

This really nails the point of this poem about how one act of bravery and endurance can spark or inspire so many more.

even though he was exiled he still tries to stay calm

A wolf is very sneaky whenever they are walking around in the night time. They are calling Earmonric clever, and very stealth/quiet. The cruel king makes me think that they are calling him a very dangerous individual that has a bit of power judging by the word king.

they compare his mind to that of a wolf which can lead but is also vicious.

This line repeats multiple times to emphasize the idea of passing through hard ship and that nothing is sorrow is not forever

Key Concept: Dialogue requires love, humility, and faith in others.

Synthesis: Links to religious/philosophical traditions (e.g. Martin Luther King Jr.’s agape, Buber’s “I-Thou”).

Implications: Pedagogy without genuine care devolves into manipulation or control.

Engagement: Interesting—this makes “love” not just sentimental but political. Could classrooms without care ever be liberating?

Key Concept: Language isn’t neutral—it’s action. True speech connects reflection and transformation.

Synthesis: Echoes Austin’s speech-act theory (words do things) and hooks’s emphasis on “talking back.”

Implications: Education must allow students to name their world, not just repeat someone else’s language.

Engagement: It makes me wonder: are hashtags today’s “true words”? Do they transform the world or just circulate noise?

Freire argues that language isn't just speech, but a combination of thinking and doing. It challenges the idea that words alone—without action—can’t change the world. It makes me consider how powerful language requires lived follow-through to be meaningful.

Key Concept: Oppressed people may internalize oppression and fear the responsibility of liberation.

Synthesis: Connects to Plato’s allegory of the cave—people resist leaving because the known chains feel safer.

Implications: In classrooms, students may resist active, dialogical learning because passive listening feels “normal.”

Engagement: Ever notice how students sometimes beg for multiple-choice tests instead of essays? That might be a “fear of freedom” moment.

Key Concept: Liberation cannot be gifted by the oppressor—it must be claimed by the oppressed.

Synthesis: Resonates with civil rights movement strategies (SNCC, Black Power), where agency had to come from the oppressed themselves.

Implications: Teachers cannot “save” students—students must become active agents in their own learning.

Engagement: I like this twist: teachers as “co-strugglers” instead of saviors. How would this change what happens in classrooms?

Key Concept: Charity from oppressors sustains oppression; liberation demands structural change.

Synthesis: Connects to critiques of “philanthropy” in education (like billionaires funding schools while reinforcing inequality).

Implications: Educational reform must challenge root causes, not just offer temporary “aid” (scholarships, charity programs).

Engagement: This makes me think: is free pizza on test day “false generosity”—a distraction from deeper problems in the system?

Key Concept: Oppressors objectify people, relationships, and knowledge itself.

Synthesis: This echoes Marx’s theory of commodification—everything becomes a “thing” for control.

Implications: In education, students become objects to be measured, tested, and disciplined instead of partners in learning.

Engagement: Feels like standardized testing is a perfect example—turning students into data points rather than people.

Key Concept: Freire defines humanization as the goal of liberation, while oppression is the process of dehumanization.

Synthesis: Resonates with Fanon (The Wretched of the Earth) on how colonialism denies humanity to the colonized.

Implications: Education that sustains inequality furthers dehumanization; liberating pedagogy restores dignity.

Engagement: This makes me wonder: do schools sometimes treat students as “less human” when they fail to fit into the system?

Important information to consider when administer and reading the test

Don't worry about the specific details of this section. You need a general understanding.

Also known as DKA; This is a medical emergency that we will talk about later in the semester.

In athletes, you can see increase protein in the urine but it does not always mean a big issue. We'll talk about Athlete proteinuria later in the semester.

You do not need to know all of the associations, but pay attention to what you might see in the physically active.

We'll talk about this with the guest speaker

This allows us to see the heart functioning in real time rather than a still image or snap shot

This is an important consideration

Different types of Echos

When thinking Echo, think structure; when thinking EKG, think electrical

HCM is an important condition we'll talk about in the cardiac section

All tests have indications and contraindications

Side lying on their left side

A quick and non-invasive test that can tell us a lot

Key Concept: Memorization erases critical consciousness.

Synthesis: Ties to Marx’s concept of alienation—students become alienated from their own capacity to think critically.

Implications: Education can reproduce a docile workforce—students trained to follow orders, not challenge them.

Engagement: This sounds like the ultimate “don’t question authority” syllabus. Do we see the same thing in corporate training today?

Key Concept: Freire redefines the role of the student as subject, not object.

Synthesis: This echoes feminist pedagogy (bell hooks’s Teaching to Transgress), where classrooms become mutual spaces of inquiry.

Implications: The classroom becomes more democratic, modeling the kind of society students should participate in.

Engagement: It flips the script: teachers don’t just ask “What do you know?” but “What can we figure out together?” That sounds energizing, but would standardized tests even allow it?

Key Concept: Cognition = co-creation of knowledge, in contrast to information transfer.

Synthesis: This ties to constructivist learning theory (Piaget, Vygotsky), where knowledge is built collaboratively.

Implications: Classrooms become sites of shared inquiry, not monologues. Practically, this changes teaching from lecture to dialogue-based methods (discussion, co-research).

Engagement: I like that “cognition” implies both thinking and action. If the brain is a muscle, then dialogue is like going to the gym—but in pairs instead of alone.

Key Concept: Problem-posing education is grounded in transformation, not assimilation.

Synthesis: This anticipates critical pedagogy and even resonates with social movement theories—oppressed groups don’t just want “inclusion” into unjust systems but structural change.

Implications: For education, this means classrooms must create conditions where students question structures, not just adapt to them.

Engagement: If schools only “integrate” students into a flawed world, are we just producing better managers of inequality?

Key Concept: Education is never neutral; it either maintains oppression or enables liberation.

Synthesis: This resonates with Du Bois’s critique of education under segregation—where curricula preserved inequality rather than challenging it.

Implications: If curricula suppress critical thinking, they reproduce social hierarchies—schools become training grounds for compliance.

Engagement: This makes me think: if schools are built to preserve the status quo, what would a curriculum designed by students themselves look like? Would it be chaotic—or more democratic?

Key Concept: Freire caricatures the banking teacher-student relationship to expose its absurdity.

Synthesis: This mirrors critiques in other disciplines—like Foucault on power/knowledge or Dewey’s progressive pedagogy—where hierarchical structures disable inquiry.

Implications: Such rigid hierarchies condition students for obedience to authority in society, not participation in democracy.

Engagement: I’ve had classes that felt exactly like this—didn’t matter what we thought, just that we repeated the teacher’s “right” answer. Makes me wonder: are grades themselves part of the banking system?

Key Concept (Proficient): This defines the “banking model”—teachers “deposit” knowledge into passive students.

Key Concept (Exceptional): The banking metaphor frames education as one-sided and mechanical, reducing learners to objects. It mobilizes critique by showing how power circulates in pedagogy.

Social/Educational Implications: If students are only seen as containers, their creativity and agency are suppressed—producing conformity instead of transformation.

Flavor/Engagement: This image makes me picture a classroom as an ATM, with students just spitting out “withdrawals” at test time. What happens if a student “overdrafts”—fails to memorize enough?

Change begins at the present moment—understanding where we are is the first step to transformation. Learning should start from students’ real situations.

Freire presents humans as works-in-progress and education as continuous. This aligns with lifelong learning—education shouldn’t end with a course.

The imagery of students as containers is striking—it suggests learning treats people as empty shells, not active thinkers. I’ve felt that in classrooms focused only on rote memorization.

The imagery of students as containers is striking—it suggests learning treats people as empty shells, not active thinkers. I’ve felt that in classrooms focused only on rote memorization.

This is powerful — it means oppressive systems try to change how we think, not the conditions we live under. I see this today in “motivational” messages that ignore structural problems.

Instead of questioning the world, this type of education makes people just adapt to it. I think about how school often trains us to fit into systems rather than change them.

This is troubling — it frames learning as charity rather than a partnership. It makes me think of programs where “experts” come in without valuing community knowledge.

This banking model suggests students are passive. I wonder: how can classrooms give students more agency to shape knowledge?

This extreme contrast shows how unequal the teacher-student relationship can be. I’ve been in classrooms where teachers acted like they couldn’t learn from students, and it made me less engaged.

let’s learn the strength and weaknesses various measurements of body composition,