2,596 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. hus, antibacterial activity can presumably be enhanced by introducing appropriate hydrophobic chains and extending the distance between the urea bond and the aryl group

      The study shows that introducing urea linkages and modifying the distance between the urea group and the aromatic ring improves antibacterial activity, but it does not fully explain the underlying chemical reason. How does increasing the linker length or flexibility influence the binding interactions between the drug and the bacterial ribosome at a molecular level? Would further increasing chain length continue to improve activity, or is there an optimal balance between flexibility and binding specificity?

    1. Compared with 6a, 6i and 6j achieved lowerMIC values, suggesting that the antibacterial activity of thecompounds in which the urea group and benzene ring arelinked by carbon atoms may be higher than that of thecompounds in which they are directly linked.

      This result suggests that increasing the distance between the urea group and the benzene ring improves antibacterial activity. However, the article does not fully explain why this structural change enhances activity. Could this be due to improved flexibility of the molecule, better binding interactions with the ribosome, or changes in hydrophobic interactions?

    1. Scheme 3. Synthesis of Medium-Sized and Macrocyclic Thioethers

      Annotation #3 - QUESTION

      How does increasing the ring size, such as utilizing larger carbon rings, impact availability of electrophilic centers and stability, therefore how does that impact the speed and likelihood of intramolecular cyclization to occur in this reaction?

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    1. Jacob Erickson, remet en question l’idée que les bulles de filtres soient négatives

      Je trouve ce point assez passionnant. On touche au paradoxe de la liberté numérique : le même outil qui crée des chambres d'écho toxiques pour le complotisme sert de "safe space" indispensables pour les minorités. Est-ce qu'on peut alors techniquement casser les bulles politiques sans détruire ces refuges identitaires nécessaires ?

    1. Ainsi, l’enjeu n’est plus seulement de cacher son nom, mais de réussir à rester soi-même dans un monde numérique où tout finit par être retouché ou calculé.

      Si nos visages deviennent uniformisés par les noms cachés par des pseudos, est-ce que la singularité humaine ne risque pas de disparaître totalement au profit de comportements dictés par les plateformes ?

    2. l’anonymat total, le fait de ne laisser aucune trace, n’existe pas

      Si l'anonymat total n'existe pas, où se situe la vraie "protection" du pseudonyme ? Côté regard des autres ou côté plateformes et données techniques ?

    1. Leurs vidéos ont plus tendance à polariser leurs croyances plutôt qu’à les convaincre que celles-ci ne sont que de fausses théories, finalement par leurs vidéos ils peuvent renforcer les pensées qu’ils combattent

      Comment briser cet effet rebond ? Est-ce qu'une approche moins frontale et plus nuancée sur l'incertitude scientifique permettrait de mieux toucher les publics hostiles ?

    1. l’attention de manière prioritaire sur les fils d’actualité

      Cette attention prioritaire poussent - elle les créateurs de contenus à scnénariser leurs contenues dans le but de faire du "buzz" afin de mettre en avant leurs vidéos?

    2. La valeur de ces récompenses est considérablement décuplée par leur visibilité publique

      Est ce que la visibilité publique des likes/réactions renforce la pression sociale (validation, statut) ?

    1. relation parasociale.

      Tu montres que la proximité parasociale rend le message plus crédible et plus mémorable. À partir de quand cette proximité devient-elle un biais qui remplace l’argumentation ?

    2. relation parasociale.

      C'est super intéressant. On voit un vrai paradoxe avec le fait d'utiliser des pseudos pour protéger notre "vrai identité", mais aussi le fait de faire confiance à des stars qu'on ne connaît pas vraiment, juste parce qu'elles ont l'air proches de nous. Est ce que tu penses que cette recherche d'authenticité chez les célébrités est une réponse au manque de naturel des politiciens ?

  2. Apr 2026
    1. le groupe apprend à associer à une présence.

      Cette identité suit elle le joueur durant toute sa vie de joueur ou elle peut évoluer au fil du temps ? Celui qui était connu pour provoquer devient calme ou inversement.

    1. un outil pour être plus « vrai »

      Je suis d'accord avec cette partie, mais je pense que le pseudonyme ouvre une porte a la haine, la violence verbale et la désinformation. Pouvoir se cacher derrière une identité n'est pas une bonne chose pour les personnes mal intentionnées; on pourrait se demander si, sans pseudonymes, il y aurait autant d'harcelement et de haine sur les réseaux sociaux.

    1. livres de connaître un succès fulgurant

      Ici tu parle de livres plus anciens ou peu visibles mais est ce qu'il n'y a pas aussi une "surexposition", une "sur recommandation" des livres les plus connu ou d'auteur qui sont très tendance sur BookTok et que des la sortie de leur nouveau livre celui est recommandé par tous ? Je pense notamment à l'autrice Morgane Moncomble, autrice de new romance. Est -ce que cela ne vient pas entraver la dynamique qui est de parler de livre peu connu pour leur donner une vraie visibilité ?

    2. Les réseaux peuvent accélérer une notoriété déjà en construction.

      Est ce qu'il existe des contre exemples d'auteurs qui étaient complètement inconnus et qui sont devenus célèbres uniquement grâce aux réseaux sociaux, sans passer par un média ou autre ?

    1. équilibre entre donner l’illusion de tout partager avec ses abonnés tout en gardant le contrôle.

      Très intéressant. Mais cela ne peut pas avoir des limites et des dangers, car tout ne peut pas être contrôlé ? Par exemple avec la cas de Poupette Kenza, tout partagé en gardant le contrôle peut être difficile ou encore quand tout partager amène à des abonnés très investis dans la vie de l'influenceur voir très intrusifs ? Qu'en pense tu ?

    2. Avez-vous déjà ressenti ce pincement au cœur en faisant défiler votre fil Instagram ou TikTok ? Entre voyages paradisiaques, corps sculptés et réussites éclatantes, la vie des influenceurs semble être un long fleuve tranquille. 127 millions d’influenceurs dans le monde. 127 millions de vies qui semblent plus belles que la vôtre. Mais derrière cette perfection numérique se cache souvent une réalité soigneusement maquillée pour ne paraître que plus belle . Et si l’on regardait derrière le filtre

      tu as mis ton chapô après un tiret ?

    1. « bulle de filtre protectrice ».

      Le concept de "bulle de filtre protectrice" est fascinant, as-tu des exemples concrets de communautés marginalisées qui en bénéficient ? Les personnes LGBTQ+ ou les minorités ethniques seraient de bons cas. Tu as juste à le mentionner entre parenthèses !

    2. <the personalization of information on the Internet is harmful for Internet users, since they are no longer confronted with information that could broaden their interests or challenge their beliefs or opinions>

      Citation ou Mark down ?

    3. <new web-based media have integrated several mechanisms that allow for websites to collect much more precise information. These include “share”, “like”, “subscribe” buttons, etc., which inform algorithms about users’ online behavior.>

      Problème de Markdown ?

    1. comment concilier cette logique d’attention, fondée sur l’émotion et l’identification, avec les exigences d’une démocratie fondée sur la délibération, l’argumentation et la connaissance ?

      Question pertinente qui ouvre bien la réflexion

    1. Parce que les stéréotypes se manifestent via des images et des vidéos publiées par des influenceurs,

      Les influenceurs reproduisent-ils ces stéréotypes volontairement ou suivent-ils simplement les tendances populaires ?

  3. stylo.ecrituresnumeriques.ca stylo.ecrituresnumeriques.ca
    1. là où unà inverse

      Ici, tu voulais dire “tandis qu’à l’inverse” ou “à l’inverse”, au lieu de cette construction que je ne comprends pas ? Je pensais que c’était de l’espagnol, mais ensuite tu continues la phrase en français.

    1. Cette viralité renforcée des discours d’indignation ou de haine entraîne une fragmentation profonde de la société post-digitale. En privilégiant ce qui divise pour mieux régner sur l’attention, le mécanisme de récompense transforme la polarisation en une caractéristique structurelle des réseaux sociaux. Ce système finit par influencer la nature même des débats, où la recherche de la “récompense” (le like de son camp) prime sur la recherche d’un terrain d’entente ou d’une vérité partagée.

      Je trouve cette partie très pertinente, et l'on pourrait meme se demander si les plateformes ont un réel interêt financier à moderer la haine, vu que ça génère parfois plus d'audience.

    1. Pour que leurs vidéos soient visibles, partagées, commentées et aimées elles se doivent d’être accrocheuses, car elles apparaissent moins sensationnelles que les vidéos relayant des théories du complot ou des fakes news.

      Est ce qu'il y aurait des chiffres à ajouter ici pour comparer les vues entre une vidéo complotiste et une vidéo de debunking ? Ça rendrait l'argument beaucoup plus concret !

    2. L’algorithme de recommandation est important à prendre en compte selon eux, car il favorise les contenus faux.

      Favorise-t-il les contenus faux seulement parce qu'ils sont plus sensationnels? Je trouve que le rôle de l’algorithme est mentionné mais pas assez développé, alors qu’il est central dans la visibilité de ces contenus.

    1. contenus jugés problématiques et stéréotypés

      préciser quels sont les contenus, de quel type racistes ? mysogines ?. a t'il était traité comme un influenceur et a du faire une vidéo d'excuse ?

    1. L’image filtrée devient un standard impossible à atteindre, générant frustration et une baisse d’estime de soi, surtout chez les adolescents en pleine construction.

      Alors pourquoi l’humain a tendance à se comparer à des images qu’il sait pourtant artificielles/inatteignables ?

    2. L’enjeu n’est plus seulement de comprendre comment nous nous montrons en ligne, mais de décider collectivement du rapport que nous voulons entretenir avec des images qui peuvent désormais, exister sans nous.

      Ducoup, penses-tu que la régulation des filtres relève plus de l’État, des plateformes ou des utilisateurs eux-mêmes ?

    1. À travers les jeux vidéo, les utilisateurs cherchent à rentrer dans un monde fictif qui les déconnecte de leur réalité, un monde dans lequel ils sont le personnage principal grâce à leur avatar et influent sur la narration, sur les évènements de ce monde.

      Est-ce que cette sensation d’être “le main character” compenserait pas un manque de reconnaissance dans la vie réelle ?

    2. Depuis la montée des jeux vidéo, un stéréotype subsiste, celui qui prétend que les gamers seraient en grande partie des hommes, jeunes, isolés, sans grande interaction avec le monde réel.

      Est-ce que tu penses que les médias ont joué un rôle en construisant cette image faussée du gamer ?

    1. computer generated characters in motion pictures such as Avatar, the Lord of the Rings, and popular Pixar animations where the animated characters replicate gestures made by real human actors.

      I wonder when AI started to be credited for motion capture technology. I read somewhere that one of the first movies to make use of motion capture (perhaps being entirely made through that technology) was The Polar Express (2004). It makes me wonder what constitutes AI and what is advanced technology, which is a key point this article focuses on.

    1. Ce qui est frappant, c’est que cette forme de pouvoir ne cherche pas à convaincre.

      Est-ce qu'on peut encore parler de "vie privée" si toutes nos hésitations et nos comportements invisibles sont enregistrés sans qu'on s'en rende compte ?

  4. Mar 2026
    1. defensible

      forse invece di defensible ci serve una spiegazione più ampia, tipo Turn scattered evidence into clear, decision-ready outcomes/summaries/? o esempi: “investment memos, underwriting packages, regulatory dossiers” (tailor by page or by industry toggle).

  5. Jan 2026
    1. he resulting acetyl-CoA can enter several pathways for the biosynthesis of larger molecules or it can flow into another pathway of central metabolism called the Citric Acid Cycle, sometimes also called the Krebs Cycle, or Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle.

      I learned this in a lot of detail in IB Bio and when I was going through dissecting steps, I remember at some points there were random H+ coming into the mix and I did not understand where they were coming from because I thought of this process as being isolated. Right now, I am thinking that these H+ probably exist within the environment that the reaction is taking place within and are simply grabbed up?

    2. As the ATP is consumed, the muscle cells are unable to keep up with the demand for respiration, O2 becomes limiting, and NADH accumulates. Cells need to get rid of the excess and regenerate NAD+, so pyruvate serves as an electron acceptor, generating lactate and oxidizing NADH to NAD+. Many bacteria use this pathway as a way to complete the NADH/NAD+ cycle.

      Slightly unrelated to the topic at hand but did this evolve in species after they started becoming more physically active? I wouldn't think that bacteria would have any use for this pathway within this specific context (generating lactic acid to meet demand for energy due to exercise). Also how important is the production of lactic acid; does the acid itself have benefits or is it simply a byproduct/tradeoff?

    1. A variety of mechanisms have emerged over the 3.25 billion years of evolution to create ATP from ADP and AMP

      I think this is implying that ADP came first and then ATP evolved from ADP but this leads me to think about how ADP came into existence. I dont think its a case similar to the phospholipid bilayer where it just happens if theres enough of the needed molecules floating around and without ATP which is what releases energy after turning into ADP, I don't understand its function or importance in organisms before

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    1. To solve this problem, those cells often have significantly more mitochondria than cells that do not require such a large constant energy supply.

      So cells are able to create more mitochondria according to energy needs? I thought that the number of mitochondria is dictated by the cell's DNA.

    1. Cortisol plays a key role in mobilizing substances needed for cellular metabolism and stimulates gluconeogenesis or the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or free fatty acids in the liver. In addition, cortisol enhances the elevation of blood glucose levels that is promoted by other hormones, such as epinephrine, glucagon, and growth hormone. The effects of cortisol are considered to be permissive for the actions of other hormones. Cortisol also inhibits the uptake and oxidation of glucose by many body cells. Overall, the cortisol-induced increase in carbohydrate metabolism serves to energize the body to cope with the stressor.

      A middle-aged female is presented with COPD, respiratory failure, and prediabetes is being treated with systemic corticosteroids for acute bronchitis. Since starting steroid therapy, her blood glucose levels have remained around 190 mg/dL, and she has a slow-healing wound on her arm. She does not normally require insulin. Which pathophysiological mechanism best explains the delayed wound healing in this patient?

      A. Cortisol activation leads to increased insulin sensitivity and enhanced collagen production.

      B. Elevated cortisol levels cause insulin resistance, impaired leukocyte function, and decreased collagen synthesis.

      C. Acute hypoglycemia resulting in reduced tissue perfusion and delayed cellular repair.

      D. Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity causing accelerated tissue regeneration.

    1. Feel like an imposter. There is actually a name for this condition: imposter syndrome. Students who feel like an imposter are worried that they don’t belong, that someone will “expose them for being a fake.” This feeling is pretty common for anyone who finds themselves in a new environment and is not sure if they have what it takes to succeed. Trust the professionals who work with first-year college students: you do have what it takes, and you will succeed. Just give yourself time to get adjusted to everything.

      Why do some students feel imposter syndrome more than others ?

  6. Dec 2025
    1. corrigé

      Pour la question 3, je ne comprends pas pourquoi on ne transforme pas totalLivres en type str. Parce que cette dernière vaut 545 et est donc de type number, donc moi j'avais d'abord transformé ce number en str, puis l'ai concaténé avec "Notre bibliothèque possède ".

    1. Le premier, et le plus répandu, est le livrel « homothétique », qui est une transposition à l’identique d’un livre papier en version numérique.

      Le ePub du coup serait un livre homothétique puisqu'il reprend exactement la même structure que les livres papiers mais au format numérique à moins qu'on puisse mettre des liens ou des vidéos, je ne sais pas.

    1. installé par la personne à partir d’éléments très simples à assembler, s’impose.

      Est-ce que cela signifie aussi que les utilisateurs peuvent assembler eux-même leurs PC avec des pièces qu'ils peuvent acheter séparément ou plutôt la facilité d'utiliser l'ordinateur en branchant un clavier, une souris et le cable d'alimentation et évidemment que c'est OpenSource et qu'on peut développer des logiciels.

    1. I was referring back to uh the original uh definition by Walsh which was not the anthroposine at all it was the anthrop era and maybe that what we actually need to be thinking about is is this an era is this the anthroposic era rather than the anthroposine

      for - question - anthropocene - era instead of epoch? - professor Alasdair Skelton, Stockholm University - great presentation comparing anthropocene vs other eras in the past 66 million years

  7. Nov 2025
    1. Principal balances: outstanding loan principal amounts to be paid by borrowersInterest balances: interest accrued on loan principal amounts to be paid by borrowersFee Balances: servicing fees accrued on loan principal amounts to be paid to your platform

      how are these determined?

    1. Regarding implants' survival, three implants were lost in the US-while only one implant was lost in the SL-group (P = .6085; Fisher's exact test). Nevertheless, the ultrashort implants were associated with a tripling of the failure rate and uncertainty where the true failure rate is uncertain (relative risk 3.0; confidence interval 0.3-26.8).

      Such a phrasing, seem like two independent contradict statements at first but they are just the same thing twice after reading the main text. The RR numbers are not even showed in the main text.

    1. There are more subtle ways that we internalize identifica- tion, especially in the forms of images and emotions.

      Would this be watching football and arguing with your in-laws on Thanksgiving for White people?

    1. we can’t recapture the same processes we used to learn to speak for the very first time

      for - unlearning language - key insight - language - cannot recapture same process we used as child - cannot recapture the same processes we used to learn to speak language for the very first time - basically, we lose access to that original vocal learning circuit as an adult - question - language learning - what is this vocal learning circuit of an infant? - why do we lost access to the vocal learning circuit we had as a child? - observation - clue - language - accidental world recall and substitution - a clue to how we remember words - I wrote the above sentence "why do we lost access to the vocal learning circuit we had as a child?" when I meant to write: - "why do we LOSE access to the vocal learning circuit we had as a child?' - This very observation also has the same mistake: - "observation - clue - language - accidental world" instead of: - observation - clue - language - accidental WORD"! - I've noticed this accidental word substitution when we are in the midst of automatically composing sentences quite often and have also wondered about it often. - I think it offers an important clue about how we remember words, and that is critical for recall for using language itself. - We must store words in clusters that are indicated by the accidental recall

    1. Your brain is incredible at pattern recognitionBut this superpower has a dark side:Once you see a pattern, it becomes incredibly hard to "unsee" it.You become trapped in your own mental models.

      for - adjacency - learning - unlearning - ritual - language - BEing journey - question - Could we apply ritual to unlearn language? - quote - Your brain is incredible at pattern recognition. But this superpower has a dark side: - Once you see a pattern, it becomes incredibly hard to "unsee" it. - You become trapped in your own mental models - John Vervaeke

      adjacency - learning - unlearning - ritual - language - BEing journey - Could we apply ritual to break the pattern of language? This could be an interesting BEing journey!

    1. this may belie how the rhetorical action of melodrama can actuallycomplicate public understanding by enhancing perception of largely unrecognizedissues and challenging the simplicity of dominant discourse

      If melodrama can complicate public understanding by enhancing perception of largely unrecognized issues, how do we determine when this complication is productive rather than overwhelming or confusing for the audience?

    1. That question mark, standing for a question that the mind asks without words and cannot answer, is a stroke of genius.

      for - quote - Lok's ear spoke to Lok. "?" - ah, now I get it! I had to read the context before I could understand what the significance of "?" is!

      • quote - That question mark, standing for a question that the mind asks without words and cannot answer, is a stroke of genius.
        • it's the FEELING of mystery!
  8. Oct 2025
    1. Panel C additionally controls for baseline values of the dependent variable,as per McKenzie (2012), and for student gender (see Section VIC). When baselinevalues have missing observations, we replace these with zero and include a dummyvariable indicating that the observation was missing.

      so this means we are assuming that some people's starting points are replaced with no financial knowledge? which might increase the positive effect shown by the program??

    1. E 178, Note sur le fonds Indochinois.

      Plus haut, à la note 9, la « Note sur le fonds Indochinois » est localisée sous la cote E317 ; dans la note précédente, la cote E178 est identifiée comme celle de la « Note à l'attention de Monsieur l'Administrateur général sur l'urgente nécessité ... ». La cote E178 est-elle correcte ?

    2. Paul Boyer à M. l’Administrateur Général de la Bibliothèque nationale.

      « Monsieur l'Administrateur général » est habituellement écrit au long dans les autres documents, sans la majuscule à « général ». Pouvez-vous confirmer que l'honorifique est bien abbrévié dans ce document et que la majuscule est présente ?

    3. De son côté, après son retour à Sài Gòn, Phan Vô Kỵ co-fonde l’Association des bibliothèques du Viêtnam en 1958.

      Un peu de contexte supplémentaire serait nécessaire ici. Dans le passage précédent, on croit comprendre que la demande de stage de Phan Vô Kỵ à la bibliothèque nationale est refusée ; il est pourtant ici question de « retour à Sài Gòn » (depuis la France, croit-on comprendre). Vous citez également le dossier personnel d'employé de Phan Vô Kỵ à la BnF : y a-t-il donc finalement occupé un rôle ? Si c'est le cas, il serait bon de préciser lequel.

    4. Archives et Bibliothèque nationale du Sud Việt Nam, demande à entreprendre un stage à la Bilbiothèque nationale27. Toutefois, la Bibliothèque nationale refuse sa demande de stage, jugeant son niveau trop élémentaire pour un apprentissage à long terme. Ces nouvelles trajectoires traduisent une évolution des pratiques documentaires au Sud Viêtnam

      Y a-t-il une raison pour laquelle « Sud Viêtnam » est orthographié de deux manières différentes ?

    1. I've been thinking about this stuff for decades, and I had not broached the topic of platonic patterns until until this year. And that's because I think it is now actionable.

      for - quote - platonic patterns are now actionable - Michael Levin - I've been thinking about this stuff for decades, and I had not broached the topic of platonic patterns until this year. - And that's because I think it is now actionable. - question - progress trap - moral questions and alarm bells? playing God? - Michael Levin

  9. Sep 2025
    1. Our research has shown that very small children solveproblems using unique mixtures of processes. In contrast with adults,who react differently to objects and to people, young children are likelyto fuse action and speech when responding to both objects and socialbeings. This fusion of activity is analagous to syncretism in perception,which has been described by many developmental psychologists

      Have these conclusions changed? Are they part of current child psychology?

    1. comment pouvez-vous intégrer les valeurs de la République au sein du public halophone on on dit venez à notre 00:54:41 atelier à distance c'est compliqué mais on a des collègues qui travaillent du coup avec les upe 2A et et les élèves à juste quand on parle du public halallophone on parle juste de la barrière de la langue quelque part donc 00:54:53 on va on on peut tout à fait faire vivre les valeurs de citoyens français avec les élèves hophones si on on fait le lève cette barrière de la langue dans un premier 00:55:05 temps juste c'est c'est même plus facile parce que moi je dis toujours he les les publicalophones ils ils sont fascinés par la France ils sont fascinés par notre pays il ils sont heureux d'être 00:55:18 ici donc ils ils seront d'autant plus réceptifs à à à ce qu'on partage les valeurs avec eux enf moi c'est ce que j'ai c'est ce que j'ai connu avec avec ces ces élèves à la F qui arrivent en France pour certains ça a été le 00:55:31 parcours du combattant de venir ici mais ils sont tellement heureux d'être avec nous que effectivement ils sont très réceptifs
    1. As self-fulfilling prophecies, metaphors and analogies, and in turn themedia imaginaries that they entail, have played more than one role in Webhistory.

      Do Berners-Lees metaphorical descriptions of the web serve a similar purpose as the myth of the web described in the first section. Simply put does the rhetoric surrounding the web serve to promote ideals of altruism and freedom in use of the web.

    2. sacred gift to society.

      one could say gun powder is a sacred gift to society for all of its potential uses, but in spite of all the potentially beneficial uses it has also been used in destructive ways. Is an inventions value characterized by its potential or its actual consequences

    3. ‘a city at the heart of Europe with a cosmopoli-tan heritage’ (Gillies and Cailliau 2000: 48) – is represented as the ideal contextin which a medium like the Web might originate and flourish

      Does the characteristics of the Webs development reflect the characteristics of the web itself for merely the romanticized idea of the web.

    1. contextual dynamics

      In other world, operational reduction semantic in wikipedia<br /> It seems the presented contextual dynamic present no way for us to reasoning about it: <br /> even the simplest plus(hole, 2){1} = plus(1, hole){2} can't be proven.

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  10. Aug 2025
  11. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-beaker-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. So an imitator has neither knowledge nor correct belief aboutwhether the things he makes are good or bad

      if that is so, why does it matter? socrates claims that a painter is simply an imitator, so why would an imitator need to know the intricacies of an object they are painting or if that object is good or bad?

    2. Certainly not.

      so they are discussing the nature of who is consider a creator? it seems that they consider a craftsman someone who physically makes the piece, and that you are classified as an imitator based on if you replicate the work?

    3. a human beingwho knows every craft as well as everything else anyone knows, and thatthere is nothing of which he does not have a more exact knowledge thananyone else, we should assume we are talking to a naïve fellow. He hasbeen deceived, it seems, by an encounter with some sort of sorcerer orimitator, whom he therefore considers to be all-wise. But that is becauseof his own inability to distinguish between knowledge, lack of knowledge,and imitation

      are they trying to insinuate that an artist is simply an imitator that fools a viewer that they are a craftsman? as well as a viewer being a fool for believing a painter to be a craftsman?

    1. It’s notabout coming to an exhaustive knowledge of what one has read but being able to choose areading within a text one encounters.

      If reading is framed as “choosing” rather than “knowing everything,” what does this mean for citations? How do we avoid misrepresentation when we are always inevitably selective? This to me makes me think about the importance of perspective in reading

    1. this system that actually tells you which one is you which one is not you is the self is not the self yeah so the immune system

      for - adjacency - brain - identity - immune system - immune system involved with identity at a microscopic level - which molecule is part of "you"? - which moleculev is NOT part of you - immune system preceded neural system

      ? - maybe there is similarity between neural processing and immune system response?

    1. THEY WANT TO BE ABLE TO OWN THEIR OWN VOICES. AND THIS IS WHAT I FIGHT AGAINST NOW, ARE THINGS LIKE NDAS, BECAUSE A LOT OF THESE WOMEN SIGNED NDAS AS YOUNG GIRLS

      for - progress trap - legal - NDA - question - legal - NDA - can laws be amended so that NDA's are null and void whecan laws be amended so that NDA's are null and void when perpetrators use them to defend and hide their illegal activity?

    1. 3.2 Service Consumer (Write) ConformanceA product that conforms to Service Consumer (Write) requirements can send an OpenBadgeCredential or a Profile to a product that conforms to Service Provider (Write) requirements. Note In the scope of the conformance test system, the test system acts as the Service Provider, so a [Candidate Platform] MUST send credentials and profiles from the given conformance test system. 3.2.1 Required Service Consumer (Write) Endpoint Support The service endpoints that MUST be supported for Service Consumer (Write) are listed in the table below: Service Call Endpoint HTTP Verb Mode AuthorizationRequired getServiceDescription /ims/ob/v3p0/discovery GET Initiate No OAuth 2.0 Registration from Service Discovery Document (SDD) GET Initiate No OAuth 2.0 Authorize from SDD GET Initiate No OAuth 2.0 Token from SDD POST Initiate No upsertCredential /ims/ob/v3p0/credentials POST Initiate Yes 3.2.2 Optional Service Consumer (Write) Endpoint Support The service endpoints that MAY be supported for Service Consumer (Write) are listed in the table below: Service Call Endpoint HTTP Verb Mode AuthorizationRequired putProfile /ims/ob/v3p0/profile PUT Initiate Yes 3.2.3 Tests Obtain an access token from the conformance test system using provided getServiceDescription endpoint and the following OAuth 2.0 authentication flow with the provided login credentials. Ensure that the right scopes are sent. Create a valid AchivementCredential and issue it to the recipient conformance@imsglobal.org. Call the conformance test endpoint upsertCredentials, with the AchivementCredential. Submit the result of the call to the conformance test system. (Optional) Create a new Profile for the id "https://1edtech.org/issuers/cert" and call the conformance test endpoint putProfile with the Profile. Submit the result of the call to the conformance test system.

      Unclear why this is needed for 3.0

    2. 3.1.1 Supported Proof Mechanisms Open Badges Issuers opting for a Linked Data Proof format as the signature of the badge must use one of the following supported proof mechanisms: Data Integrity EdDSA Cryptosuites v1.0 suite with the eddsa-rdfc-2022 algorithm. Data Integrity ECDSA Cryptosuites v1.0 suite with the ecdsa-sd-2023 algorithm. The resulting credential MUST contain all required fields for the credential.

      The spec does not mention specific proof mechanisms. The spec mentions JWT but that is not mentioned as being supported here.

  12. Jul 2025
    1. thus batch normalization layers function differently in training mode (normalizing by minibatch statistics) than in prediction mode (normalizing by dataset statistics).

      为什么对整个数据集求平均和标准差不可行,而对于单个layer却可行?

    1. Because these networks are invariant to the order of the features, we could get similar results regardless of whether we preserve an order corresponding to the spatial structure of the pixels or if we permute the columns of our design matrix before fitting the MLP’s parameters.

      example?

  13. Jun 2025
    1. if we had uh internal sensors that you could feel the way that you have other senses, your blood chemistry, for example

      for - quote - umwelt - Micheal Levin - interscale cognitive communication

      quote - umwelt - Michael Levin - if we had internal sensors that you could feel the way that you have other senses, - your blood chemistry, for example, - you would have no problem recognizing that your liver and your kidneys were this intelligent symbiont that lived with you and kept you alive all day by moving you through these spaces that that we now don't recognize.

      observation - Levin notes the limitations of the human umwelt and a gedanken that if we had biologically evolved (or culturally evolve) other sensors, that could serve as the basis for inter-scale communication with cognitive systems within us at micro scales

      question - is interscale cognitive communication possible? If so,j what would it look like? What's it like talking to a cell?

    1. for each s ⊆ R

      If we had given intervals of s, like we said s = [1,3], then I totally understand what F-measurable means, it's like high = between 1 and 3, if o-algebra includes the set of all high sample points then it's F measurable, but s never feels embedded in S? Idk, this is frustrating.

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. alleging that the process movement had failed to fulfill the goal of empowering students

      Is it that the process movement failed to fulfill the goal of empowering students, or that the instructors failed to empower them? In what ways is this meant to empower students--just in their writing? What is the metric for empowerment?

    2. writing could be something more than a series of words strung into sentences, paragraphs, chapters, and monographs

      How can we redefine "writing" in the 20th century? Is this a conversation that exists only in feminist-theory based, higher-ed., environments? Is this redefining writing completely, adding new facets to the definition, or reworking the original?

  14. May 2025
    1. Anthropic researchers said this was not an isolated incident, and that Claude had a tendency to “bulk-email media and law-enforcement figures to surface evidence of wrongdoing.”

      for - question - progress trap - open source AI models - for blackmail and ransom - Could a bad actor take an open source codebase and twist it to do harm like find out about an rogue AI creator's adversary, enemy or victim and blackmail them? - progress trap - open source AI - criminals - exploit to identify and blackmail victiims

    1. for - adjacency - Michelin star - Michelin tires - I never made the connection until now! Wow! - key insight - Michelin stars - a scam

      summary - This documentary was very eye-opening - As a foodie, I've always viewed the Michelin start system as representing the best and most creative culinary ideas - It's shocking and disappointing to see how exploitative it is - This expose does tie together many feelings of cognitive dissonance I've seen surrounding it - For example, I saw the cartoon character pose a few times but I never made the connection that it was the same avatar as the Michelin tire's avatar - Then when I saw the history and the two brothers who started the Michelin tire company, it suddenly made sense - It is a pay-to-play, Euro-colonialist system that performs cultural appropriation

      alternative to - Michelin Guide - This revelation is disheartening as it destroys a myth I have long lived with - It also raises an opportunity in the form of a question - ? - Can we create a global open-source guide that is based on authentic, unbiased culture?

    1. That modality, as Freinacht suggests, will also already exhibit its own negative results and excesses, eventually needing a purification generator.

      for - question - need for purification generator - Is it the case that the development of the hegeemonic phase of the new spiritual revolution overshoots and becomes harmful - Is this what makes it necessary for a purification generator?

    1. What Bohm perceived 40 years ago has since been magnified. To be freefrom the constraints of fragmentary worldviews, it is necessary to see how thelanguage we use, especially the father tongue, is deeply enmeshed with andexpressive of a fragmentary worldview

      for - adjacency - question - Daivd Bohm - language - separation - dualism - question - is it at all possible to use language AND have a non fragmentary worldview? - If by fragmentary we mean dualistic, then I do not see how it is even possible.

    1. reading and writing naturally come after speaking only because speaking follows closely on the heels of understanding yeah so what do you focus on build your understanding

      for - language training - answer - to - question - about listening and speaking first

      comments - In human evolution, speaking and listening came long before reading and writing. - Our written language is based on sequential phonetic sounds of our spoken language, so it naturally makes sense to learn the spoken language first

    2. for - natural language acquisition - Automatic Language Growth - ALG - youtube - interview - David Long - Automatic Language Growth - from - youtube - The Language School that Teaches Adults like Babies - https://hyp.is/Ls_IbCpbEfCEqEfjBlJ8hw/www.youtube.com/watch?v=984rkMbvp-w

      summary - The key takeaway is that even as adults, we have retained our innate language learning skill which requires simply treating a new language as a new, novel experience that we can apprehend naturally simply by experiencing it like the way we did when we were exposed to our first, native language - We didn't know what a "language" was theoretically when we were infants, but we simply fell into the experience and played with the experiences and our primary caretakers guided us - We didn't know grammar and rules of language, we just learned innately

  15. Apr 2025
    1. s I examine my sofawith a deeper perception, I come to an energy phenomenon that is not auniversal presence or force and not just an accumulation of characteristicsand energies from outside itself but one that has its own particular unique,internally coherent and integrated organization. This is where I experiencethe sofa as something living, not in a biological way but in an energetic way.5

      for - question - sensing the energy of inanimate objects - I'm not sure what she means or how she does this?

    2. Iwasn’t unfriendly, but I wasn’t friendly either. Eventually I realized that whenI decided that he was “mean,” I had become mean. I treated him meanly. Myjudgment of another showed me my own meanness, a shadow part of me that

      for - Deep Humanity Being journey - bringing our shadow to consciousness - Question - How could we construct shadow awareness BEing journeys?

    1. It is through embodied proprioception that we can make the transition to the more fulfilling interactions of a cybernetic reality that is not merely virtual but actual.

      for - proprioception - quote - proprioception - It is through embodied proprioception - that we can make the transition to the more fulfilling interactions of a cybernetic reality that is not merely virtual but actual. - question - proprioception - need more clarity

    2. The experiencing “subject” and the “object” experienced thus enter an intimate circulation, revolving around each other in interpenetrating proximity like opposing sides of a Moebius strip that continuously twist together while yet remaining apart.

      for - question - embodying paradox - writing - Is he saying that I am alternating between subject and object?

    3. I believe the digital age simply makes obvious the virtual nature of what we have long taken as reality, so that now, its lack of genuine substance is no longer deniable. And this is what drives us into addiction. For, no virtual substance, no one-sidedly artificial affirmation or negation, can fill in for the paradoxical actuality of our fleshly being.

      for - question - lack of genuine substance drives us into addiction - need more clarity on this

    1. These results revealed that 6j is a potential drug candidate against MRSA infection, thus providing a reference for the development of anti-MRSA drugs

      QUESTION: Because this article talks about derivatives of an antibiotic that makes it harder for bacteria to resist, I would want to know how does the decay rate of this new derivative, more specifically 6j, compare to the decay rate of the original antibiotic. Therefore, would the drug have to be taken more or less frequently for optimum use. Also, if the 6j derivative stays in the blood stream, does the environment the bacteria could potentially create cause reversification back into the original form of the drug or into an ineffective form of the drug?

    1. As shown in Figure 8, the oxygen atom in the nitro group of5c formed a hydrogen bond with N−H on residue U2564, andthe carbonyl group at position C-21 formed a hydrogen bondwith residue G2044. Moreover, residue G2484 formed ahydrogen bond with the carbonyl group on the parent ring ofpleuromutilin. Compound 6j formed two hydrogen bonds withresidue G2044 via the carbonyl group at the C-21 side chain,whereas residue G2484 formed a hydrogen bond with thecarbonyl group at the C-3 position of the pleuromutilin parentring. Residue U2046 also formed a hydrogen bond with NH2in the purine. The carbonyl groups at the C-3 and C-21positions of 8a formed hydrogen bonds with the residuesG2044 and G2484, respectively. Furthermore, U2564 inter-acted with the purine ring via a hydrogen bond.

      What are the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters (e.g., binding affinities, dissociation constants, or activation energies) of the interactions between the thioguanine-modified pleuromutilin derivatives (i.e. compound 6j) and the bacterial ribosome's 50S subunit? This question is left unanswered because quantitative data elating to thermodynamic and kinetic parameters is not discussed.

    2. satisfactory antibacterial activity in vivo,and its effect was similar to that of the approved drugretapamulin,

      QUESTION: This article does clearly present data and analysis supporting the anti-bacterial capacity of compound 6j in comparison to retapamulin, but it doesn't answer the question: what are the pharmacokinetic properties of compound 6j and how do they compare to the established drug, retapamulin? This is such a critical question when discussing a compounds potential for drug development because while the anti-bacterial capacity may be great and cytotoxicity data compelling as well, if the absorbance, metabolism, distribution, and/or excretion of 6j is/are not good then it is not a viable option for anti-MRSA drug development for humans. However, data in that type of study may show that compound 6j in fact has a better overall pharmacokinetic profile in comparison to retapamulin, and this would lend greater support to the idea of using 6j for further drug development. That key question just hasn't been answered yet and so it's difficult to say whether this compound is actual a good reference for the development of anti-MRSA drugs.